SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JOINT HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROJECT i FHWA/IN/JHRP-92/17
Final Report
ENGINEERING SOILS MAP OF VVELLS COUNTY, INDIANA
Wei-Yao Chen
UNIVERSITY
JOINT HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROJECT
FHWA/IN/JHRP-92/17
Final Report engineering soils map of vvt:lls county, Indiana
Wei-Yao Chen
FINAL REPORT
ENGINEERING SOILS MAPS OF WELLS COUNTY, INDIANA
by
Wei-Yao Chen Research Assistant
Joint Highway Research Project
Project No.: C-36-51
File No. 1-5-2-91
Prepared as Part of an Investigation
Conducted by Joint Highway Research Project Engineering Experiment Station Purdue University
in cooperation with
Indiana Department of Transportation Indianapolis, Indiana
School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana
June 11, 1992
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author wishes to express his appreciation to Professor C. W. Lovell for providing the opportunity to work on this project.
Thanks are also due the members of the Joint Highway Research Board for their continued support of the county soil mapping project.
Credit should be given to Dr. Arvind Chaturvedi for compiling the airphotos of
Wells County.
The author also wishes to acknowledge D. Yang for skillfully drafting the
Engineering Soil Map of Wells County and other figures included in this report, and
Rita Pritchett and Mary Hardway for typing the classification test results presented in
Appendix A.
Additionally, the author would Hke to thank his parent and wife for their unending encouragement and financial support. Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive
in 2011 witin funding from LYRASIS members and Sloan Foundation; Indiana Department of Transportation
http://www.archive.org/details/engineeringsoils9217chen -11-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS i
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF APPENDICES vi
INTRODUCTION 1
DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA 3
GENERAL 3 CLIMATE 3 DRAINAGE FEATURES 7 WATER SUPPLY 7 PHYSIOGRAPHY 11 TOPOGRAPHY 11
GEOLOGY OF WELLS COUNTY 16
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY 16 GLACIAL GEOLOGY 16 BEDROCK GEOLOGY 16 PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY 21
LANDFORM-PARENT MATERIAL REGIONS 29
GLACL^L DRIFT 29
Ground Moraine 30 Ridge Moraine 30 Thin Glacial Drift Over Limestone 31 Engineering Considerations in Gladal Drift 31
FLUVIAL DRIFT 32
Flood Plain ' 33
Terrace .'. 33 Engineering Considerations in Fluvial Drift 34
LACUSTRINE DRIFT 34
Lacustrine Plain 34 Engineering Considerations in Lacustrine Drift 35
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CUMULOSE DRIFT 35
Muck Basin 35 Engineering Considerations in Cumulose Drift 35
MISCELLANEOUS 36
Gravel Pits 36 Marsh and Swamps 36
SUMMARY OF ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS IN WELLS COUNTY .... 36
REFERENCES 39
APPENDICES 43
-IV-
LIST OF TABLES
Page
1. Population Summary of Wells County 5
2. Climatological Summary for Wells County 6
3. 1989 Water Use Summary for Wells County 12
4. Summary of Engineering Considerations for Landform- Parent Material Regions in Wells County 37
-V-
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
1. Location Map of Wells County 4
2. Drainage Map of Wells County 8
3. Major Watersheds of Indiana 9
4. Groundwater Sections of Indiana 10
5. Physiographic Units and Glacial Boundaries in Indiana 13
6. Topographic Map of Wells County 14
7. Bedrock Geology of Indiana 17
8. Bedrock Geology of Wells County 18
9. Bedrock Topography of WeUs County 22
10. Unconsolidated Deposits of Wells County 24
11. Thickness of Unconsolidated Deposits of Wells County 26
12. Schematic Section Showing Relationships of Unconsolidated Deposits .. 28
-VI-
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
A. Classification Test Results for Selected Engineering Projects in Wells County 43
B. Statistical Stream Flow Data for Selected Streams in Wells County 75
C. Correlations between Soil Properties and Index Parameters 81
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ENGINEERING SOILS MAP OF WELLS COUNTY, INDIANA
INTRODUCTION
The engineering soils map of Wells County, Indiana that accompanies this report was prepared by airphoto interpretation techniques using accepted principles of observation and inference. The 7-inch x 9-inch aerial photographs used in this stud\ were taken in the summer of 1940 for the United States Department of Agriculture. The airphotos have an approximate scale of 1:20,000, and the attached Engineering Soil Map was prepared at a scale ratio of 1:63,360 (1 inch = 1 mile).
Standard symbols were developed by the staff of the Airphoto Interpretation
Laboratory of the School of Civil Engineering at Purdue University, and they were employed to delineate landform-parent material associations and soil textures.
Extensive use was made of the Agricultural Soil Description Report of Wells Count\- (1).
It was particularly useful as a cross-reference to check soil boundaries, and to locate gravel pits and ponds that were not present on the 1940 aerial photographs.
The text of this report supplements the Engineering Soil Map. It includes general descriptions of the study area, and the different landform-parent material regions.
Engineering considerations associated with each region are also briefly addressed.
The map and report are part of a continuing effort to complete a comprehensive soil survey for the state of Indiana. Included on the map is a set of subsurface soil profiles that illustrate the approximate variation of the soils in each landform-parent material area. The profiles were constructed from information obtained from
-2-
agricultural literature and from boring data collected from roadway and bridge site
investigations (31-37)^. Boring locations are shown on the map. Appendix A contains a
summary of boring data and classification test results for these locations. Also, useful
correlations for estimating soil properties are collected in Appendix C.
^Numbers in parentheses refer to list of references.
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DESCRIFnON OF THE AREA
GENERAL
Wells County is located in the northeastern part of the State of Indiana as illustrated in Figure 1. The county was established in 1835 and named after Captain
William A. Wells (2). The county is bordered by Adams County on the east, by Jay and
Blackford Counties on the south, by Grant and Huntington Counties on the west, and by Allen County on the north. The county government is located at Bluffton, which is about 85 miles northeast of Indianapolis. Wells County is "L"-shaped, with the short leg pointing west (3). The county is about 14 miles wide (east-west) by 24 miles long
(north-south), and consists of an area of 368 square miles (4).
Wells County has about 14 miles of interstate highways, and 121 miles of other federal highways and state highways. The Indiana Highways 1, 301, and 303 are the major roads in north-south direction, whereas Indiana Highways 124, 116, 218, and U.S.
Highways 224 are in east-west direction.
The population of Wells County was about 25,400 in 1980, and has grown steadily from 23,800 in 1970. The population density was 69 people per square mile.
Bluffton, the county seat, has a population of about 8,700. A population summar\' of the important cities and towns in the county is given in Table 1.
CLIMATE
Wells County is cold in winter but quite hot in summer. Table 2 gives data on temperature and precipitation for this area as recorded at Bluffton, Indiana. The highest and lowest average temperatures usually happened in July and January, respectively.
The annual precipitation is about 37.7 inches at Bluffton (4)Average seasonal snowfall is about 25 inches (4).
-4-
T JOMnt Elkmakt LtOAHM
0«t.(
2 TUT . X r j«srtit o ruLTOK
c**s
•Cnton
»•- '3t
iQ I Q 20 30 4 C MILES
FIGURE 1. LOCATION MAP OF WELLS COUNTY
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Table 1. Population Summary of Wells County (5)
Population Population Change
(1970-1980)
City-Town 1980 1970 Difference % Change
Census Census
Bluffton 8705 8297 408 4.92
Markle 975 963 12 1.25
Ossian 1945 1538 407 26.46
Poneto 250 286 -36 -12.59
Uniondale 303 349 -46 -13.18
Vera Cruz 117 140 -23 -16.43
Urban Areas 11320 10610 710 6.69
Rural Areas 14081 13211 870 6.59
County Total 25401 23821 1580 6.63
-6-
Summary For Wells ( Table 2. Climatological County 6 )
Temperature in °F ; Precipitation in inches
Monthly statistics at Bluffton
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1978 riiia 22.7 22,9 37.4 59.4 67,1 80.2 82.5 82.0 80.3 61.3 51.1 37.3 TMIN 7.3 -1.5 20,3 36.8 48.7 58.2 60.4 59.^ 55.4 39.0 33.0 21.4 PREC 3.24 0.33 2.98 4.03 3.36 2.63 3.19 3,53 1.97 2.09 2.69 3.17 SNOW 30.5 5.2 6.1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.3
1979 TMAX 24.2 22.8 47.6 55.7 69.5 80.4 81.6 78.9 76.8 62.3 49.8 39.6 TMIM 8.1 2.9 29.9 37.2 46.4 57.1 59.4 59.9 50.0 41.6 32.2 24.4 PREC 3.04 1.07 2.26 2.99 2,92 2.97 3.82 4.42 0.28 2.92 4.53 2.83 SNOW 14.4 10.9 0.7 1,6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.0
1980 T:'L=.J< 32.7 29,9 39.7 56.8 71.8 78.9 87.2 84.3 77.5 59.6 47.4 36.8 TMIN 17.9 10.4 24.7 37.6 48.7 54.8 64.0 63.4 53.2 37.9 29,5 21.5 PREC 0,76 1.78 4.07 2.84 4.11 4.30 5.96 3.92 3.00 2.21 0.65 1.97 SNOW 3.3 11.9 1.5 0.0 0,0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 9.7
1981 TMAIC 28.1 36.9 46.7 62.6 66.1 79.3 83.5 81.4 73.1 60.7 50.8 34.0 TMIN 11.9 20.3 27.4 40.5 46.3 59.9 62.2 59.5 52.3 38.2 31.4 19.5 PREC 0.63 2.59 0.93 4.25 4,77 8.10 2.53 2.01 3.39 3.32 1.32 2.75 SNOW 6.9 9.5 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 15.0
1982 TMa:< 25.3 28.1 43.6 54.9 77.5 76.2 84.1 80.6 74.3 66.7 50.1 45.8 TMIN 5.4 12.4 26.1 32.8 54.1 54.8 61.5 55.6 51.0 40.5 34.5 30,9 PREC 3,78 2,22 3.92 2.86 4.01 3.32 2.26 3.51 1.66 0.86 5.06 4.89 SNOW 18.0 24.7 6.6 10.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8
1983 TMAX 34.2 40.3 49.6 54.7 67.5 81.7 89.1 88.4 80.3 64.0 52.4 25.3 TMIN 21.3 22.8 29.3 36.0 45.4 58.2 64.3 62.7 51,2 42.8 34.3 12.4 PREC 1.09 0.70 2.28 4.28 4.42 3.02 2.96 1.65 2,03 5,18 4.72 4.70 SNOW 1.2 4.3 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 11.9
1984 TMAX 26.9 42.6 35.3 55,5 66,3 84,0 81,7 84,4 74,2 67,2 49,4 43,9 TMIN 9,8 25.6 20,1 38.1 46.0 61.1 58.0 59.4 48.8 45.6 30,1 27.5 PREC 0,92 1,55 3.83 4.56 5.35 3.02 2.53 2.62 2.63 3.18 3.47 2.62 SNOW 8.0 6.5 10.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.5
1985 TMa:< 27.0 30.9 50.7 66.5 75.5 77.5 84.6 80.6 77.8 65.7 52.4 28.9 TMIN 11.8 13.2 31.2 43.1 51.4 56.0 60.4 58.8 54.6 46.4 38.0 12.0 PREC 2.26 3.39 4.46 1.77 2.56 3.48 1.76 3.05 3.15 2.88 7.05 2.47 SNOW 14.1 11.2 0.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.3
1986 TMAX 33.0 32.1 48.6 64.6 70.5 81.0 85.0 78.8 78.4 63.1 44.2 34.8 TMIN 15.8 17.0 28.5 39.3 51.4 59.8 65.8 57.7 57.3 44.4 27.2 23.5 PREC 0.62 2.55 3.04 1.97 4.49 5.86 4.77 3.87 4.18 3.14 1.82 1.86 SNOW 3.7 10.3 2.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1987 TMAX 29.0 32.1 51.3 61.7 78.0 83.7 83.9 78.8 75.8 55.0 50.6 35.1 TMIN 15.2 17.0 27.9 38.7 51.3 62.2 64.7 57.7 51.3 29.9 28.7 22.7 PREC 2.21 2.65 1.93 2.19 4.20 6.23 2.45 3.87 0.74 2.13 2.85 3.97 SNOW 10.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3
1988 TMAX 25.4 26.7 43.0 57.2 75.2 83.8 83.4 83.0 74.0 52.3 44.0 29.6 TMIN 8.6 9.5 21.5 33.5 47.0 55.1 59.4 60.5 49.6 30.9 25.9 11.1 PREC 1.09 2.10 2.61 2.45 0.51 0.75 4.11 2.54 3.28 2.12 3.99 1.55 SNOW 0.3 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5
-7-
DRAINAGE FEATURES
The county is drained by 2 major river systems. The northeast corner is drained
by the Maumee River, whereas the remainder of the county is drained by the Wabash
River and its tributaries such as Salamonie River and Eight Mile Creek. The Wabash
River system forms the primary drainage basin of Wells County. Its major drainage
lines have a general drainage trend from the southeast to the northv^'est (4). The
principal stream is the Wabash River. It flows in a northwesterly direction and crosses
the county on a line from Vera Cruz (Adams County) to Markle (Huntington County).
The second principal stream is the Salamonie River, which is also a northwesterly
flowing stream. It crosses the county from Montpelier (Blackford County) to Warren
(Huntington County). Both Rivers belong to the Wabash basin (3).
The stream courses appear to have been influenced by the presence of the
moraines. For example, parts of the courses of the Wabash River and the Salamonie
River were established by the Wabash Moraine and the Salamonie Moraine, respectively
(4). They are deflected and have increased densities of drainage patterns. Local
watershed divides tend to follow the crest of sections of ridge moraines. Some of them
are broad and nearly level (4). Most stream valleys are narrow. The drainage features
of Wells County are showm in Figure 2.
WATER SUPPLY
Wells County lies within the Wabash River and the Maumee River watersheds
(Figure 3). No natural lakes exist in the county, but ponds of various origins can be seen in some parts of the county (5). The reservoir at the Wells County State Forest and
Game Preserve is an artificial lake (4).
Groundwater is an important water resource in Wells County. Wells Count\- is situated in the Northern Till Plain Section as shown in Figure 4. The surface water resources are limited in Wells County. The water use summary for Wells Countv is
-8-
>^^^
ji^} :T^w!r
©
DRAINAGE MAP WELLS COUNTY INDIANA
19*0 AAA AEMUL PMOrOMAWS
JOrNT MICMWAY HtSCAKCH ^WOJECT
PUROOC UNIVCMlTT
Its'*
FIGURE 2. DRAINAGE MAP OF WELLS COUNTY ( 4 )
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FIGURE 3. MAJOR WATERSHEDS OF INDIANA ( 7 )
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VSZmmS ANO UOA>«INC SCCTldN
J » j "»*y \ Ui < I Z u -^ttat^ < z <=» :^- ?; «TMCHN TILL PLAIN SECTION a. FSF*^ z
k-^^Wil 3r-
(T < O -J Z O
FIGURE 4. GROUNDWATER SECTIONS OF INDIANA ( 7 )
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shown in Table 3. The county obtained 97 percent of its water supply from
groundwater aquifers in 1989.
PHYSIOGRAPHY
The State of Indiana can be divided into two areas. The northern potion, covered by glacial drift, belongs to the great Central Lowland province, whereas the unglaciated southern section belongs to the Low Plateau province. The central Lowland province in
Indiana can be further subdivided into two portions. These are the Northern Moraine and Lake Region (characterized by lakes and lake-bed deposits), and the Tipton Till
Plain (consisting of level or undulating deposits of drift without lakes or appreciable stream dissection) (9). On the other hand, the Low Plateau province can be subdivided into 7 divisions as shown in Figure 5. Wells County lies entirely within the Tipton Till
Plain physiographic region (Figure 5).
The Tipton Till Plain, extending across the central potion of the state from east to west, has more or less uniform topography compared with rugged and weathered southern Indiana. Since the region is monotonously flat, those rivers present are on low gradient. Only an occasional break in topography can be seen resulting from small moraines, knolls, and kames (9).
TOPOGRAPHY
The general topography of Wells County is shown in Figure 6. The land surface is a gently undulating glacial till plain, dissected by the valleys of the Wabash and
Salamonie rivers and their tributaries. The valleys of the Wabash and Salamonie Rivers are narrow and comparatively shallow (4). The county is ridged by the Salamonie and
Wabash moraines (4). The maximum elevation of these ridges is not more than 45 feet
(3). The average altitude of the county is 830 feet. The highest altitude reaches about
•12-
Table 3. Water Use Summary for Wells County (8)
(1989 usage in millions of gallons)
MONTH SOURCE
Ground Surface Total
January 56.03 0.16 56.19
Februarv' 49.99 0.37 50.36
March 55.87 0.34 56.20
April 56.92 0.33 57.25
May 59.19 1.29 60.49
June 63.32 3.24 66.56
July 68.56 4.55 73.11
August 63.21 4.47 67.68
September 58.26 4.44 62.70
October 53.76 1.54 55.31
November 49.93 0.92 50.85
December 54.36 0.14 54.50
Total 689.39 21.81 711.20
-13-
FIGURE 5. PHYSIOGRAPHIC UNITS AND GLACIAL BOUNDARIES IN INDIANA (10)
R13E
3 o o z < cr CD
Rioe R11E R12E R13E
BLACKFORD COUNTY JAY COUNTY
Scale 5 miles
I 1 I 1 3
EXPLANATION
Elevation Range in Feet Contour Interval = 50 Feet
750 - 800 800 - 850 V//A 850 - 900
FIGURE 6. TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF WELLS COUNTY (11)
-15-
900 feet, whereas the lowest point is about 750 feet above sea level. The maximum local relief is about 75 feet (3).
-16-
GEOLOGY OF WELLS COUNTY
Wells County was completely glaciated and covered by glacial deposits left by the continental ice sheets. The surface and near surface geologic ages represented in the county are the Silurian and Quaternary periods (3).
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
Wells County lies on the northern flank of the Cincinnati Arch, which is a broad and platformlike anticline. This broad crestal feature, tending northwestward to Lake
County from east-central Indiana, has breadths of a few scores of miles (12). The regional dip is low or indeterminate, whereas it is 35 feet or more per mile on the flanks of the arch (12). The Cincinnati Arch along with two adjacent large structural depressions, the Michigan Basin to the north and the Illinois Basin to the southwest, have a major influence on the outcrop pattern of Silurian formations (12-14).
GLACIAL GEOLOGY
All Wells County was glaciated. The advance of ice covered Wells County in the glacial age, and left a series of moraines behind as it retreated. The glacial deposits are
Wisconsin in age. The present day thickness of these deposits varies. Wells Count)- is crossed by 2 morainic systems—the Salamonie moraine in the southwest and the
Wabash moraine in the central part. They are both in a general southeast-northwest direction. The Wabash moraine is poorly defined in places (4).
BEDROCK GEOLOGY
The bedrock in Wells County is Silurian in age. Figure 7 is a map of bedrock geology of Indiana. The map of bedrock geology of Wells County is shown in Figure 8.
The figure illustrates the disposition of the bedrock units as they would appear today if
17-
Scole of miles
10 20 x> «o
FIGURE 7. BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF INDIANA (15)
18-
ALLEN COUNTY
z c c
'Ji <
R10E R11E R12E R13E
BLACKFORD COUNTY JAY COUNTY
Scale 5 miles
I 1
FIGURE 8. BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF WELLS COUNTY (16)
-19-
EXPLANATION
Wabash Formation - Limestone,
Dolomite and Argillaceous Dolomite
Silurian ;;\;s^ Pleasant Mills Formation - Dolomite,
Limestone, and Argillaceous Dolomite
Salamonie Dolomite, Cataract Formation,
and Brassfield Limestone
FIGURE 8. BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF WELLS COUNTY
( CONTINUED )
-20-
there were no unconsolidated deposits present to cover them. Surface outcrops of
bedrocks are encountered near Bluffton and Vera-Cruz. Limestone is also exposed
along Rock Creek and in the eastern edge of the county (4).
The oldest bedrocks in Wells County are Silurian rocks. Near the base of the
Silurian rocks is Brassfield Limestone. It is a medium to coarse-grained fossiliferous limestone containing small amount of fine-grained dolomite in most places (17). The color of the Brassfield limestone varies from a pink, salmon colored brownish red, to a mottled blue, or green gray. (18). The thickness of Brassfield Formation is usually less than 4 feet at the exposures, but maximum thickness can achieve 14 feet along the outcrop belt, and 20 feet in the subsurface.
The Cataract Formation, recognized only in northeast Indiana, overlies the
Brassfield Limestone. Lithologically, the Cataract Formation can be divided into three members. They are the Manitoulin Dolomite, the Cabot Head Shale, and the Stroh
Member. The three members can not be recognized south of Adams Count)' (17).
Where it is undivided, the Cataract Formation is generally a gray or tannish gray dolomite.
Overlying the Cataract Dolomite is Salamonie Dolomite. In northern Indiana, the
Salamonie Dolomite has a vertical cutoff boundary with the upper part of the Cataract
Dolomite, so that the lower Salamonie rocks in northwestern Indiana are equivalent to the upper Cataract rocks of northeastern Indiana (17). There are two principal lithologies of Salamonie Dolomite. The lower rocks consist of fine-grained argillaceous limestone dolomite, and dolomitic limestone, whereas the upper rocks consist of whitish coarser-grained biodastic vuggy dolomite (17). Color is variable. In the areas where the Salamonie Dolomite is exposed at the bedrock surface, it is usually light- colored (12). The Salamonie Dolomite, Cataract Formation, and Brassfield Limestone crop out under the glacial drift in the southeast comer of the county as shown in Figure
8.
-21-
The Pleasant Mills Formation, dominated by dolomite, limestone, and
argillaceous dolomite, overlies the Salamonie Dolomite. It contains three members,
namely the Limberlost Dolomite member, the Waldron member, and the Louisville
member in ascending order (13). The Limberlost Dolomite is light-brown, micritic to
fine-grained dolomite with varying thickness such as zero to 70 feet. In the middle part
of the formation is found the Waldron member. It is chiefly shales interbedded with fossil-bearing limestone and silt (14). Overlying it is the Louisville member. The member is composed of light-colored to brown, fine-grained, argillaceous limestone and dolomitic limestone. Chert is common (17).
The Wabash Formation in turn rests on the Pleasant Mill Formation. It is the primary bedrock unit in Wells County. Two members are recognized in the formation- the Mississinewa Shale and the Liston Creek Limestone in ascending order. The
Mississinewa consists of gray fine-grained argillaceous silty dolomite and dolomitic siltstone. The other member, the Liston Creek Limestone, is characterized by nodular and bedded chert. It is composed of light-gray and tan fine- to medium-grained fossil- fragmental cherty limestone and dolomitic Umestone (12). The thickness of Wabash
Formation ranges from 250 feet in central western Indiana, to 400 feet in the Newton
County area (northwestern Indiana), and to 200 feet in northeastern most Indiana (17).
The bedrock topography of Wells County is shown in Figure 9. The lowest bedrock altitude exists in the northern and southwestern parts of the county. The latter corresponds in part to the buried valley of a tributary to the preglacial Teays River (4).
The valley has been filled with Wisconsin glacial outwash and Recent stream alluvium.
PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY
The Pleistocene sediments in Indiana are of continental origin rather than marine origin. Therefore, they are less homogeneous and continuous. The unconsolidated
-22- ALLEN COUNTY
R12E R13E
(A < a <
R10E R11E
BLACKFORD COUNTY JAY COUNTY
Scale 5 miles
EXPLANATION
Elevation Range in Feet Contour Interval = 50 Feet
700 - 750 750 - 800 V//A 800 - 850 > 850
FIGURE 9. BEDROCK TOPOGRAPHY OF WELLS COUNTY (19)
-23- deposits encountered in Wells County are illustrated in Figure 10. These sediments are of Wisconsinan and Recent stages.
The glacial drift of Wisconsin age is present at the surface throughout Wells
County except in most river valleys where it is overlain by Recent alluvium. Those materials deposits by earlier glaciers are not distinguishable at the surface now.
As noted earlier, the result of Wisconsinan glaciation is mair\ly a series of ground moraines and ridge moraines in Wells County. Tills of the Trafalgar Formation are most common. They are primarily calcareous conglomeratic mudstones. Lenses of silt, sand, and gravel are also present in the Formation (20). Three environmental facies can be recognized. They are blanket till, end-moraine till, and kame facies (21). Tills of the blanket till facies (ground-moraine) are most common as the surface unit in Wells
County as shown in Figure 10.
The Trafalgar Formation is overlain by the Atherton Formation. The Atherton
Formation is a deposit of gravel, sand, silt, and clay derived from glacial outwash. Four fades are identifiable as Atherton Formation. They are outwash facies, dune facies, loess facies, and lacustrine facies.
The youngest sediment in Wells County is the Martinsville Formation. It is deposited by the modem streams, small lakes and sloughs. Silt, sands, and gravels are most commonly found. The Martinsville Formation includes two facies. One is associated with flood plain deposition and referred as Alluvial facies, the other is essentially formed in still water and named Paludal facies (21). The Alluvial facies contains silt, sand, and gravel, and the Paludal is rich in organic matter. The Paludal facies is also highly fossiliferous. Peat in the Martinsville Formation, containing abundant plant remains but rare mollusks, exist in a few locations.
The thickness of unconsolidated deposits is shown in Figure 11. The unconsolidated deposits are thickest in the southwest comer, especially in the buried valley of a tributary to the preglacial Teays River (4). In general, the areas of thickest
-24-
ALLEN COUNTY
R11E R12E RUE
z 3 C
<•z.
BLACKFORD COUNTY JAY COUNTY
Scale 5 miles
i=r I 1
FIGURE 10. UNCONSOLIDATED DEPOSITS OF WELLS COUNTY (20
-25- EXPLANATION
Silt, Sand, and Gravel - Mostly Alluvium. I Recent but Includes some Colluvial and Paludal Deposits.
Martinsville Formation in Indiana.
Muck, Peat, and Marl - Paludal and Lacustrine Deposits.
Martinsville Formation in Indiana.
Wisconsinan ^^^ Mucl(, Clay, Silt, and Gravel - Alluvial, Colluvial, and and
Paludal Deposits, Mostly in Troughs on Till Surface. Recent Highly Variable Deposits. Quaternary
(Pleistocene)
Clay, silt, and Sand - Clay - Rich Lacustrine Deposits.
Lacustrine Facies of Atherton Formation m Indiana.
Gravel, Sand, and Silt - Valley - Train Deposits.
Outwash Facies of Atherton Formation in Indiana.
Gravel and Sand - Ice - Contact Stratified Drift.
Kame and Esker Deposits. — Wisconsinan
Till - Includes some Ice - Contact Stratified Drift.
Mainly Ground - Moraine.
^//^, Till - Includes some Ice - Contact Stratified Drift.
Mainly End - Moraine.
Rocks of Early and Middle Silurian Age - Limestone. Silurian Dolomite, and Shale.
FIGURE 10. UNCONSOLIDATED DEPOSITS OF WELLS COUNTY
( CONTINUED )
-26- ALLEN COUNTY
R11E R12E R13E
> z
U5 < <
R10E R11E R12E R13E
BLACKFORD COUNTY JAY COUNTY
Scale 5 miles
I I I ^ 1 1
EXPLANATION
Contour Interval = 50 Feet
00 100 - 150 - 50 ^ 50-.
FIGURE 11. THICKNESS OF UNCONSOLIDATED DEPOSITS OF WELLS COUNTY (22)
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deposits correspond to those places where the underlying bedrock surface is relatively low as shown in Figure 9. The relationships between unconsolidated deposits are shown in Figure 12.
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BEDROCK
EXPLANATION
Qsa Silt, sand, and gravel
Qmp Muck, peat, and mar!
Qgm Muck, clay, silt, and gravel
Qcl/Qsl Clay, silt, and sand ^r
Qsd/Qsb 3 Sand o
Qgv/Qgp Gravel, sand, and silt
QgK Gravel and sand
Qt/Qte Till
FIGURE 12. SCHEMATIC SECTION SHOWING RELATIONSHIPS OF UNCONSOLIDATED DEPOSITS ( 20 )
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LANDFORM-PARENT MATERIAL REGIONS
The soils of Wells County are primarily from unconsolidated sediments. These
soils are mapped into four groups and associated subgroups for engineering purposes.
The four parent material units are glacial drift, fluvial drift, lacustrme drift, and
cumulose drift.
Each of the landform-parent material regions is characteristically identified by its
surface texture, overall extent, and soil profiles. Available boring log data are collected
in Appendix A. Classifications of the soils according to the American Association of
State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) system are given along with the textures in terms of the designation adopted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. In addition. Appendix C provides correlation charts and formulas for estimating soil properties based on their index parameters such as plasticity index and liquidity index
(=[natural water content-PL] /PI).
The engineering considerations for each parent material unit are discussed here.
For specific and detailed information, the reader should consult the boring reports listed in the references. TTiis report only provides general information, and is not intended to replace site investigation for any engineering project.
GLACL4L DRIFT
The majority of the area in Wells County is covered by glacial drift, the glacial drift can be subdivided into 3 parts—the ground moraine, the ridge moraine, and the thin glacial till over limestone. All of them are composed of soils with broad range of grain sizes.
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Ground Moraine
Ground moraine, a poorly sorted mixture of gravel, sand, silt, and clay, occupies
the largest portion of the county. These sediments are deposited by Wisconsinan
glaciers. The surface is level to gentle rolling, sometimes broken by river courses or low
knolls. Moraine is likely to be poorly drained because of relatively flat topography.
Therefore, depressions where organic topsoUs accumulated can be found on both
ground moraine and ridge moraine (23-26). C-type gullies and V-type gullies can be
found. The former is an indication of soils rich in clay or silty clay, whereas the latter' is
common in coarsed-grained soils such as sand and gravel.
The general soil profile in ground moraine usually consists of clay loam or silt
loam, underlain by subsurface soils of clay, loam, or clay loam. Among these soils, the
thickness of clay loam may be as large as 9 feet.
The agricultural soils that form on the ground moraine are Blount-Del Rey, Del
Rey-Blount, Glynwood, Haskins Variant, Morley, Pella, Rawson Variant, and Tuscola
series. Boring numbers 28-30, 39-46, 53-57, 70, 72-80 are located in ground moraine.
Ridge Moraine
Ridge (end) moraine covers the second largest area of Wells County. Its texture is very similar to ground moraine, a poorly sorted mixture of gravel and sand in a silt and clay matrix, thus making it difficult to distinguish between ridge moraine and ground moraine. Usually, the boundary is defined by a topographic break, and ridge moraine has more rugged topography associated with it (13, 24). In addition, ridge moraine usually has greater local reUef than ground moraine.
The distribution of ridge moraines in Wells County coincide in part with local watershed divides, which is in northwest-southeast direction. The two end moraines that cross the county are the Salamonie and Wabash Moraines. In Wells Count\-, the course of the Salamonie moraine is not well defined, but is best outlined bv the north
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river bank of the Salamonie River (3). On the other hand, the Wabash moraine is in the form of nearly smooth ridge. Its crest only rises 40 to 50 feet above the Wabash bluff (3).
The general profile in ridge moraine features a surface layer of silty clay, followed by subsoil of gravelly sandy loam.
Soil boring numbers 31-32 are located in ridge moraine. The agricultural soils that form on the ridge moraine are the same as those on the ground moraine. They are
BIount-Del Rey, Del Rey-Blount, Glynwood, Haskins Variant, Morley, Pella, Rawson
Variant, and Tuscola series. Those soils that form the highly organic topsoil are the
Millgrove, Pewamo, and WallkiU series.
Thin Glacial Drift Over Limestone
The thickness of glacial drift in Wells County is uneven. In some localities, limestones are encountered at very shallow depths, which range from 20 to 40 inches.
The sizes and number of these areas are limited in Wells County. Most of them are found in the west-central part of the county such as those along the Rock Creek. Their textures are similar to those in the ground moraine and ridge moraine regions.
The agricultural soils that form in these areas are the Randolph, Millsdale, and
Milton Variant. No soil borings were made in this region.
Engineering Considerations in Glacial Drift
The typical engineering properties of glacial drift are poor drainage, low permeability and susceptibility to frost action.
Frost action will cause the volume of the soil to expand 10% or more upon freezing. The expansion is usually not uniform, thus causing serious damage to highway pavements and structures. Moreover, during the spring thaw the water content in the soil is increased by the melted ice lenses. This will weaken the soil and create additional damage to the pavements (27).
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To avoid frost action, the material under highway should be drained and granular, usually not more than 3 percent of the material can be less than 0.02 mm in diameter. Utilities lines and building footings should be placed well below the frost line
(28).
Another highway pavement problem is pavement pumping at pavement joints.
Pumping is common to rigid pavements over ground moraine (25). Usually soil particles are carried out from beneath the pavement by the ejection of water due to traffic loading (9). Thus, cavities are formed underneath the pavements and cracking and faulting follow. Again, pumping is restricted to poorly drained areas. The damage can be reduced by replacing the fine-grained soils by drained granular ones.
The soils on glacial drift usually have high water contents. Therefore, it may be difficult to compact the soil to required levels. If too great a compaction energy is applied, the soil will actually become weaker. This is called overcompaction (27). It is recommended to remove all wet and soft surface soils before construction of the roadways, and backfill to an elevation above the groundwater table if groundwater is encountered.
However, glacial till can be used as a fill material under certain conditions. Its high clay content makes it almost impermeable to water. Therefore, it can be used as the core of earth dam or fill material for underground cavities where subsurface drainage is a problem (29).
The soils having high organic contents usually have very low strength and high compressibility. Elevated structures and highways are preferred, or all unstable soils should be removed and replaced by the soil with adequate engineering properties.
FLUVIAL DRIFT
Fluvial drift appears in two landforms in Wells County. They are flood plain and terrace. Both of them are associated with the stream valleys.
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Flood Plain
nood Plains are distributed along major drainage ways such as the Eight Mile
Creek, the Wabash River, the Six Mile Creek, the Rock Creek, and the SaJamonie River.
All of them are narrow and restricted in aerial extent. The flood plains are formed as a
result of modem stream deposition and become a veneer of outwash material (29).
The soil profile of flood plains varies from place to place. The soils in the profile
include clay loam, clay, sUty clay, silty clay loam, sandy loam, loam, sand, gravel, and
limestone.
The agricultural soils that form on the flood plains are Armiesburg, Belmore
Variant, Eel, Ross, Saranac, Shoals, and Sloan series. Soil borings located in flood plains
were numbers 1-27, 37-38, 47-48, 71.
Terrace
Terraces are distributed along the stream valleys of the major rivers, too. These
rivers include the Eight Mile Creek, the Wabash River, the Rock Creek, and the
Salamonie River. A typical profile has a surface layer of clay loam, silt loam, loam,
gravelly clay, and gravelly sandy loam, while the subsurface soils consists of sandy
loam, sand and gravel. Three distinct levels of terraces are identified. The highest
levels are usually weathered to a depth of 4 or 5 feet, the intermediate levels 3 to 4 feet,
and the lowest levels 2 to 3 feet (16).
The agricultural soils that form on the terraces are Digby, Haney, Eldean Variant,
Rensselaer, and Whitaker series. Soil borings located in terraces were numbers 49-52,
58-69.
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En gineering Considerations in Fluvial Drift
Fluvial deposits are usually layered and highly variable (30). The permeability in
the horizontal direction tends to be much greater then the vertical^ direction.
Furthermore, the permeabilities in the surface layers are usually lower compared with
the sublayers. Flooding, differential settlements and low shear strength are greatest
concerns in the flood plain. Flood plains are not suitable for sanitary landfill sites,
either. This is due to the possibilities of flooding and ground water contamination.
For terraces, high potential of erosion is the major engineering problems,
especially on the side slopes. Circular types of slope failure are common after heavy
rainfall.
The ground water table is close to the surface in fluvial drift. This makes excavation difficult. A dewatering scheme is recommended.
LACUSTRINE DRUT
One type of lacustrine drift, the lacustrine plain, is encountered in Randolph
County.
Lacustrine Plain
The lacustrine plains are numerous and wide spread in Wells Count}'. Some of them formed on glacial drift such as ground moraine and ridge moraine, others are associated with flood plains and terraces. They are usually ponded and poorly drained.
Therefore, the surface layer of lacustrine plains often contains muck and highly organic materials. The soil profile common to lacustrine plains usually consists of a surface layer of loam, followed by a subsurface layer of day loam or sandy loam.
Soil borings located in lacustrine plains were numbers 33-36. The agricultural soils common to lacustrine plains are Pella and Milford series.
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En gineering Considerations in Lacustrine Drift
The soils in lacustrine plain are moist in nature since the area is usually subjected
to ponding. The soils have low shear strength and high compressibility. The soil is also poorly drained. Therefore, pavement pumping is possible as in the case of glacial drift.
Slope failure is not usual, since slopes with steep angle are rare. Also, frost action is one of the major concerns in lacustrine plains.
CUMULOSE DRIFT
Cumulose drift occurs in the form of muck basins in Wells County.
Muck Basin
Muck basins are deposits associated with muck and highly organic matter. The sizes of muck basin are smaU and limited in number in Wells County. The thickness of muck varies from 1 to 4 feet (3). Muck basins are underlain by sandy clay loam, silt loam, and gravelly sandy loam.
No soil boring reports are available for muck basins at the time of preparing this report.
En gineering Considerations in Cumulose Drift
The characteristics of muck basin are high organic content, high water content, high porosity, high compressibility, low permeability, and low strength. Therefore, the muck basin is unsuited for roads or buildings. Usually, constructions on muck basins are avoided. However, if economically feasible, the soils in muck basin can be replaced by soils with adequate engineering properties.
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MISCELLANEOUS
Gravel Pits
A number of gravel pits can be found in central, northu'estem, and southwestern parts of the county. Sand and gravel are mined from gravel pits. Some gravel has also been found in knolls (4). Each year a vast amount of sand and gravel is used in construction projects such as highways, bridges, foundations, and buildings. Sand and gravel are classified according to their grain sizes. Loosely speaking, the coarse-grained soil with particle size greater than 2 mm are termed gravels, whereas sand is defined as soils with grain size less than 2mm.
Marsh and Swamps
A few marshes are seen around the county and are shown on the Engineering
SoU Map. The marsh and swamp soils are characterized by their low strength and high compressibility. Furthermore, they are generally corrosive (highly acidic) to foundation material (30).
SUMMARY OF ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS IN WELLS COUNTY
Table 4 is the summary of engineering considerations for different landform- parent material regions in Wells County. Each landform-parent material and its associated engineering problems are included in the table. However, the ranking shown in the table is recommended to be used as a general gxiideline only. Site specific investigation is always needed.
Sometimes a rough estimate of soil properties such as preconsolidation pressure and undrained shear strength is needed from available data in the preliminary stage of site investigation. These existing data are usually index parameters such as the liquid limits and plastic limits contained in Appendix A. Therefore, correlations between
—
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o HiON3ais 5 aysHs 3iyno3ayKi -. X 5 X c sw3ieaud AiniayxaoM X X Z Z CO a3ivanivs nsiim Ainisiss3adwQ3 S3iia3doad HiONBai: ayiHS jiynDsaym 0313ydW03 Aini8y3wa3d 3Auyi3a cCO o 33Nvisis3a Noisoa3 Z X J iiniiyisNi XNve asAra ONy 3dois lyaniyN
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iyiiN3iod Norsoa3 w o 10U1N0] asiymaNnoao = Z o Z X X -J iiniayiSNi jdoisioyB nooa/iios J -J a ™ = ^ X O) Z X ' c ' ' ' o o c TO c 12 LU a :; 3 3 § 1 t£>»<>>. 13 ' II I . -• • * t »_ -» ( *- i « I E iiii - I -1 =!.5.E E » £ - r, „ CO
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-38- index parameters and engineering properties of soils are needed. There are many correlations existing in the literature, and some of them are summarized in Appendix C.
These charts and formulas are intended to give engineers a feel about soil properties before performing more sophisticated soil tests. For more correlations such as those between in-situ tests and soil properties, reader can refer to reference 39.
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REFERENCES
1. "Soil Description Report," United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1989.
2. Puetz, C. T., Indiana's County Maps.
3. Parvis, M., "Airphoto Interpretation of Drainage Features of Wells County, Indiana," Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1954.
4. Parvis, M., "Drainage Map of Wells County, Indiana," Atlas of County Drainage Maps, Indiana, Engineering Bulletin, Extension Series No. 97, Prepared by Staff of Airphoto Laboratory, Joint Highway Research Project, Engineering Experiment Station, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, and State Highway Department of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1959.
1970-1980," 5. Hittle, J. H., "Population Trends for Indiana Counties, Cities, Towns Highway Extension and Research Project for Indiana Counties, 1981.
6. Scheeringa, K., "Computer Printout of 30-year Normals (1951-1980) of Temperature and Precipitation for Wells County Recorded at Richmond, 1991.
7. Perry, J. I., et al., "Indiana's Water Resources," Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Commission, Bulletin No. 1, 1951.
8. "1989 Water Use Summary for Wells County," Computer Printouts, County Water Use Summary System, Division of Water, Department of Natural Resources, Indianapolis, Indiana.
9. Belcher, D. T., Gregg, L. E., and Woods, K. B., "The Formation, Distribution and Engineering Characteristics of Soils," Joint Highway Research Project, Highway Research Bulletin Number 10, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1943.
10. "Map of Indiana Showing Physiographic Units and Glacial Boundaries," Modified from Indiana Geological Survey Report of Progress, No. 7, Figure 1.
11. "Regional Topographic Map, Muncie Sheet," Prepared by the Defense Mapping Agency, Topographic Center, Washington D. C, 1953, Revised, 1978.
12. Pink, A. P., and Shaver, R. H., 'The Silurian Formations of Northern Indiana," Indiana Department of Conservation, Geological Survey Bulletin 32, Bloomington, Indiana, 1964.
13. Barbara, I. S., "Engineering Soils Map of Henry County, Indiana," Joint Highway Research Project, JHRP-90-3, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1990.
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14. Arvind, C, "Engineering Soils Map of Jay County, Indiana," Joint Highway Research Project, JHRP-91-4, Scliool of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1991.
15. Patton, "Bedrock Geology of Indiana," 1955.
16. Gray, H. H., Ault, C. H., and Keller, S. J., "Bedrock Geologic Map of Indiana," Miscellaneous Map No. 48, Indiana Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, Bloomington, Indiana, 1987.
17. Shaver, R. H., et al., "Compendium of Paleozoic Rock-Unit Stratigraphy in Indiana-A Revision," Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Bulletin 59, Bloomington, Indiana, 1986.
18. Manning, C, "The Silurian of Southeastern Indiana, Southwestern Ohio, and Northcentral and East-Central Kentucky, with detailed discussion of the Brassfield in Wells County, Indiana," Master's Thesis, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 1932.
19. Gray, H. H., "Map of Indiana Showing Topography of the Bedrock Surface," Miscellaneous Map No. 35, Indiana Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, Bloomington, Indiana, 1982.
20. Burger, A. M., Forsyth, J. L., Nicoll, R. S., and Wayne, W. J., "Geologic Map of the Muncie Quadrangle, Indiana and Ohio, Showing Bedrock and Unconsolidated Deposits," Regional Geological Map No. 5, Muncie Sheet, Indiana Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, Bloomington, Indiana, 1971.
21. Wells, W. J., "Pleistocene Formations in Indiana," Indiana Department of Conservation, Geological Survey Bulletin No. 25, Bloomington, Indiana, 1963.
22. Gray, H. H., "Map of Indiana Showing Thickness of Unconsolidated Deposits," Miscellaneous Map No. 37, Indiana Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, Bloomington, Indiana, 1983.
23. Peck, R. B., Hanson, W. E., and Thombum, T. H., Foundation Engineering, 2nd Edition, 1973.
24. Gefell, E. M., "Engineering Soils Map of Huntington County, Indiana," Joint Highway Research Project, JHRP-85-15, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1985.
25. Chaturvedi, A., "Engineering Soils Map of Adams County, Indiana," Joint Highway Research Project, JHRP-89-15, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1989.
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26. Garrigus, A., "Engineering Soils Map of Blackford County, Indiana," joint Highway Research Project, JHRP-90-1, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1990.
27. Holtz, R. D., and Kovacs, W. D., An Introduction to Geotechnicai Engineering, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1981.
28. Bowles, J. E., Foundation Analysis and Design, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1988.
29. Carr, D. D., "Sand and Gravel Resources in Eastern Johnson County and Western Shelby County, Indiana," Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey,
Special Report No. 4, Bloomington, Indiana, 1966.
30. Hunt, R. E., Geotechnicai Engineering Investigation Manual, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1984.
31. "Soil Survey Investigation, Project No. F-231-2(l), SR 1 from Wabash River to SR 116 in Bluffton, Wells County," Prepared by Engineering & Testing Services, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 1983.
32. "Report of Soil Survey for ST-Project 561-H on State Road 303 North and South of the Wabash River in Wells County," Prepared by State Highway Department of Indiana, Division of Materials and Tests, 1967.
33. "Geotechnicai Investigation, Project No. F-231-l(l), Structure No. 1-90-7052, SR 1 over Sixmile Creek in Wells County," Prepared by Engineering & Testing Services, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 1984.
34. "Report of Subsurface Investigation, Bridge Replacement, ST-Project No. 231-3(1), STR. No. 1-90-6759, Wells County, Indiana," Prepared by the H. C. Nutting Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1979.
35. "Subsurface Exploration, RS-Project No. 4090(1), Structure No. 316-90-6870, SR 316 over the Wabash River in Wells County," Prepared by Atec Associates, 1986.
36. "Soil Survey Investigation, RS-Project No. 3490(4), Structure No. 218-90-6928, SR 218 over Charles H. Markely Ditch, Wells County, Indiana," Prepared by Engineering & Testing Services, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 1983.
37. "Report of Geotechnicai Investigation, F-Project No. 158-2(), U.S. 224 Intersection Improvement at S.R. 301 and County Road 100 East in Wells County," Prepared by Indiana Department of Highways, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1985.
38. Arvin, D. V., "Statistical Summary of Streamflow Data for Indiana," U.S. Geological Survey Open-File-Report 89-62, Prepared in Cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, IndianapoUs, Indiana, 1989.
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39. Kulhawy, F. H., and Mayne, P. W., "Manual on Estimating Soil Properties for Foundation Design," EL-6800, Research Project 1493-6, Final Report, Electric Power Research Institute, 1990.
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APPENDIX A
CLASSIFICATION TEST RESULTS FOR SELECTED ENGINEERING PROJECTS IN WELLS COUNTY (31-37)
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1 1 XI z a. x.
_i 1 1 ^•i z rj Q. CM
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Q 1 1 - 1 1 1 to ' 1 z ' -J
T3 C CN 1 1 ' 1 ' ~ ' 1/) to r-^j
c u >
1 ' ^ = 1 1 1 1 1 ' r-j : O O ' Q O ' ir ' '
s ^ o
1 1 1 ^ ' 1 ' 1 a ' ' 1 1 ( m 1
c o O ^ „^ I Q. to 1 £) u < I < < 1 < < < < < < Q0; O 0) E B CO 5 o O O = = = = ^ ^ > > > >- to ro ^ a -r-t U-i U-l u U u c o o O d + + z CN z z ; ; ; z - - - . _ w in in u E CM p- in z ^ -a- \D r- ^ CN r-) -J IT •^ (/> u a o a ri) c o - z r mo - . -45- a I 1 1 ' 1 ' ' —J Q. 1 1 ON ' 1 ' ' 1 ' -i 1 1 1 1 1 1 I ' C o U 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 a3 5 U) ' 1 1 ' ' ' - o a c 1 ' 1 1 1 1 ' ri c > 2 1 ' - t 1 1 C O 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 ' 1 CO oc ^ 1 1 ^ 00 1 i :: r c o g 1- \0 a I 1 = = ' 1 1 = = 1 < o < < (/) < < Q&i > o a O Ci 5 -3 m = -- = = = > U in o o in o o o Sample Depth Ft. in 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 c C O O o in in o u- o Ground Elevalion Ft. . _ = = : -. = : CO Ollsel Ft. -I = = - = - + Slalion - No. = = - I z in Sample No. <3 ir - CN r m ^ 00 CQ 73 o s. m Boring No. -46- 1 1 I a 1 -I a. 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I/) 3 O C o cu X .— > ^ > = = -' -- U =^ = = > 13 U > '2 > n m C3 at CO --^ u u W 3 u 3 o in o m o in in in in in O O crv O m -J- m Sample Depth Ft. ON 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \ o O in c m o O o o O U~, in in O in o ir o m o lA in CO a- O in r-1 Ground Elevation Fl. = - = - = - = = = = = - = z = = CO tn ^ = - = z = - = = = - = = = = r CM : O CM c o + — o = - = - r - = = = - = : = = = = ra z "J- (0 in fN in ^ m -a- ^ ^ CO 5" a C31 = 6 z lA mo 1 1 -48- ' Q. 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 ' ' ' ' ' 1 Q. -i 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' ' ' c 9 I 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 ' 5 n r ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' ' ' Q 55 o lU c 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 • ' c m > 1 I 1 ' 1 1 ' ' 1 ' O O 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 per •^ 1^ Blow Ft. >i) m c o o Xh- H (/) - - = = 4 <1 - = <1 = < Q 5 o e C/) 3 O 01 O rH > f— : - = -- = = 01 z 1- :^ -^ —I o u 3 U m o o m in in CD c 00 \0 mr— Sample Depth Ft. 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o o o m o o o O O d in o in O o Cvl Ground Elevation Ft o = = = = - : = = - 00 onset Ft. = : r : r : - - CN CM + Station No. = = I : : = - = in Csi •^ •£ - m in I r^ 00 a^ Sample c No. IT t Boring No. %£i — 1 -49- ' ' 1 ( 1 ' ' 1 rj a. ' ' ' 1 1 a. I ' ' 1 1 1 1 ' ' ' -H -1 in 1 1 ' 1 1 < ' 1 1 1 c 5- o 1 1 ' 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 r J n3 5 i75 1 1 1 r I 1 1 ' t ' • ' -^ o M c 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 ' ui C/5 c > 1 ' 1 i I 1 ' ' t ' 1 ^ (5 o a 1 ' 1 i 1 1 1 ' 1 1 O s? 1 1 cr in in r^ 1 \C 1 1 --T O r, cc 1 1 = CM c O o t— Q- I 1 1 ' - U5 1 1 = = z z u E 5 CO 1 O = r = = = r -' z > 1 ct: o in O in o in in in in O in o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 in in 1 1 t 1 1 o O c O O C O m in O in . d CN in d in O o in 1 rsi Ground Elevation Ft. ' ======- - CO onset Ft. O = = - ======: CM c 0) Station + No. = = - = = = = = : - r : m ^ fVJ en u o a Boring No. r^ -50- E ' ' ' 1 ' 1 1 -i 1 ' 1 I 0. 1 1 1 1 ' -J 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' c o ' O ' 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 .3 ' 1 r 1 ' ' 1 1 t 5 5) ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 (7) c/) C > 1 ( ' 1 ' ' 1 ' ' C O 1 1 1 I 1 ' I 1 IX per ^£l c o O X 1 1 1 z < 1 1 1 1 ' u < < < < Q O = = = - = = Z at •H • iM in O in in o in o in o Sample Depth Ft. -J 0^ 1 rl I 1 in 1 1 o 1 1 o m o in in in d rsj m in m en Ground Elevation Ft. = = = - - : = 00 00 0) ^ LL OS = = = z o - r z o —1 in O + Station = = - z z z No. -J = + in in Sample No. t-H CN m o a Boring No. oo CTv ( -51- 1 Q. - r-l _J c> 00 rsi -- Q. 1 z _l a. 1 c m z 1 c >. ra o ^ r- (N - U 2| • ^ ^ OJ •a 1 ' 1 ' ' ' 1 ' in 1 in ' 1/5 rj -3- OJ> O 1 m ' 1 1 ' I -c I ' O 1 Q t I 1 1 I J - O 1 1 1 ^ , 1 cr "^ S fc_ o- m O 1 ' c o o c X CN a . _ e '5 E C c 0) 01 5 c c C o o C Si 1- c £ C •1-1 1-1 - X I/: O r-- s: lA o m d-\ _ Q. O O in in a. ~ CN r- rj E m cn CN in r^ ^ CN m 1 1 O O in ci r^ o 1 1 C/) O in O in O in ^ r-i "^ ^ CT^ -- m j:> 00 -^ CN <-' - c T3 o o 3 r- rj " ^ " " - - = ' o = - : 6 ao ill CO CO t- f- w a: \Z _ _ _ . m in *"• * O o% 00 o c ON 00 in o g 6 + + CM CM z 04 CN 55 — a0) a E CN z ^ m ^ -- c-. c- a CO < ex - CN 3C a: <; u a o a C31 C 6 O - o z C^-I ffi 1 -52- 1 1 a. ' ' ' . -1 • 1 1 1 1 \ 1 1 -1 1 1 ' 1 I -I 1 1 1 c m 1 1 ' 1 g o I 1 1 1 1 t ' O 1 1 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 ' 01 1 1 ' a c 1 ' 1 1 ' ' 1 1 1 ' 1 c > 1 1 ' ' in 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 a o a 0° 0^ 1 1 n-1 1 1 1 O 1 1 1 iTl ' vO r^ s£J 3-. 1 1 ' GC ' 1 1 - 2 C O 1— g X lo '' 1 I 1 1 - O < < r ' ' - ul < < < at Q G 3^ B E a o O c c C in 3 o c u = = = -- -- >^ I/) >, >% u u 0) 1- a w a -D CI C e r-H C E yi — o O in O in 00 in in o r- CO Sample Depth Ft. in in 00 m 1 I 1 t 1 1 1 1 o in n C O in c in o in O m CO o; CO Ground Elevation Ft. o : = = o - I - ' - = = CO CO 5 0) H = u. 00 = r = z = - - - = = O rsi c in o in = o -1- + -*- m z = = = en s = -- -- z CO = = CM CS CO 0) u o -H CM - CSJ r- o o m -J^ L.-^ § Zd mO t -53- ' O ' 1 i < < 1*1 0. ' 1 CN O CN i ' n 1 1 ' 1 1 1 0. -J en 1 1 ^O 1 ' 1 1 c o .-H CN) 1 1 ' 1 ' ' 1 1 3 1 n w 1 I ' 1 ' ' 1 1 5 (75 •a c r-- n 1 r en 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 c « > r-i ' 1 J- 1 1 ' 1 O O 1 a 1 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 ' r per Ft. Blow CO ' a. 1 1 1 1 1 c o o t— "q. X 1 m = 1 1 ' ' ' 1 1 < 1 u < < 5 o E j- a* c a. c C o u u - = •c = en h- > -r e c E r H C .T O u u (A —i C in o o m o CC in in O 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 I 1 o in o in C O in in o IT 1— m o c o r-. CO CS Ground Elevation Ft. CO = = ~ O - r = - o c O CO cc CO 0) (A .^ U. 5 3 = o = : It = o r = ' o CN O o in in o Station No. + r = i s = = ' CN Pi Sample PM en oa ^ 1 1 1 1 ' , No. u 1 o a xO CO tJ' Boring No. —I I -54- ' ' a 1 ' ' 1 1 t ' ' -J ' i ' Q. 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 -I 1 ' -J 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 ' c o • • ' 1 1 1 1 ) 1 ' 1 3 u n ' ' ' 1 ' 1 1 ' ' ' ' 5 ui N0) 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' I I t 1 u5 t/5 c > ' ' ' 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 ' 6 O ' 1 ' ( 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ' ' I 1 ^ - 1 ' 1 1 1 ' c O 9 t—z g. ' ' CO 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 I 1 u < w < Q 1 0) >, E ao > 5 fO ci: OJ OJ ;-< c c c 1.4-1 o a -J o 4-t -C t-t 01 w If) = - CO 1- 1— c OJ CO *-> -O E a; -C E u o E XI c tq E E -H tl3 O H to CT3 O U-l Ul r- CO 3 - « co m o u-1 O 00 o o o -J- d tNI Depth Sample rg CN 00 1 Fl. 1 CN CO 1 1 1 1 i O o i c o d O O m o o CO i-H Ground Elevalion Ft. •-{ r = z o = - '- - = - CO CO CO onset Ft. = = O = I z QO - -• CM >-* t-H en in u-1 CN = - " - Station + r = + = + + - - No. CM m CN CN 1 I 1 t 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 Sample No. ti o> o a o (N Boring No. CN CN| CN -55- 0. ' 1 ON ' 1 1 1 1 ' -1 ' 1 1 o ' 1 ' 1 ' ' ' Q. -J 1 1 ' 1 ' ' I 1 ' I 1 C o 1 1 1 lA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O ' 1 1 n w 5 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' (75 ^ lU •D C 0^ ro i7) 01 t 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 I ' c "3 > 1 ' ' -T 1 ' 1 ' ' ' O 1 ' I 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1 1 ' per Ft. Blow ON - in 1 -c CT\ in m o\ a> 1 1 ' r-i c O »— g J3 Q. 1 1 : = = = 1 = z • o < 1 1 yi < < < < Q o U5 5 a M 0) = = = = : r : - - = T3 >^ C to M-i u o o o O c c o o o O m o in d li- c o o d CM (VI r- o Sample Depth Fl. m 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO O o Ground Elevation Fl. - ======' = : - CO a> H (A ^ -J = u. -. O CO = = = = - : = = - o in + + Station No. = r : = - = = = ' - - - 4- 00 O Sample 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 No. 1 1 a 1 CO to C/3 C/5 at 1 1 ( -56- 1 1 ' ' 1 ' 1 1 z a. - z -J ' ' 1 CTv 1 ' 1 ' a ' I z z _j 1 1 1 ' O 1 z ' 1 c . o n 1 ' O 1 \ I 1 ' ' 1 3 O •T ri 1 5 M ^ 1 1 1 ' 1 lA 1 c 1 ' 1 1 ' C 1 1 Ji c m r-i 1 1 6 CN ' 1 1 ' ' 1 Z o 1 1 1 1 o 55 ' 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 cr i vO o - CM c O c g 1- o C 1 I 1— Q- - = = 1 = 1 = 1 t ' u < < < 1 t/t < < <1 < Q > 5 CO en 5 o > .— = : ~ = : = I Xt 1-1 ?^ c y: c C o: W 3 u o o C o c O o o o o in in d in d in d in o o CM r-i p-i Sample Depth Fl. CM m I 1 1 1 1 in in in in in 1 1 1 en tn m . o in O in CO r-\ CO m 00 CO CO fM r-| z = Ground Elevation Fl. r = = = = = onset Fl. : = = = = - = = = -' I Slalion = z = No. = = r = = - = = in CO 0^ o 1 i Sample No. 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 in 1 to in v: ir. to u- o a> s a. Boring No. 1 1 -57- ^£3 o. ' 1 1 1 ' ' -1 1 ' D. ' 1 ' 1 1 ' -1 a^ 1 -1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 ' C o 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 ' 1 .3 W 1 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 ' 5 (75 •ac m 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' (75 (/I c > 2 1 ' m { ' ' 1 ' ' 3 O ' 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 t I CT> CO C^J in rn 1 I ^ ^ n CNJ CM c O o 1— H X -J - = 1 u < 1 < < 1 w < 1 < < < Q > 5 03 6 in 5 O X = - - = .-H rH CO (0 c c 1— o CD n - o O [fl O o o O o o O in o in m d in d in d d CNi (^ p-i Sample Depth Fl. CM in f— 1 ! 1 in in in in in in 1 i in O in . oo r^ CK! m OD CXI CN Ground Elevation Fl. - ^ = = - = = 00 onset Fl. = r = z = : + Station No. = - = = = r = = = -J- -J- in v£3 OS c Sample No. t I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 en tn tn 1 to C/3 CO in in 8 5" a. Boring No. (N — -58- - 00 a. 1 ' T Q. 1 ' ' 1 —J 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 O Q. rg (N :; -1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 1 ' o ' in -J -3- C 10 g ' ' ' ' 1 1 I 1 o 5 o m ^ .a w 5 in X u5 ' ' ' 1 ' 1 1 1 ^* O -^ 1 1 1 ' ' ' ' 1 ' - ' ui - c "q> > X = rg 1 - 1 ' 1 ' ' t O (5 Q 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 1 ' ' • - - c o in o V- 1 X vC Q. to 1 1 r- 1 1 = 1 = = - - 1 < 1 1 < < 1 < < 1 < < < < < a > > u > - = r = = - = > u U o in o in o in in o in in O Li", o • Sample Depth Ft. in in (^ eg in n . I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O in o o O in o o o O in O \0 n o CO CO Ground Elevation Fl. CC 00 = = : r = = z = 00 00 CO 00 onset Fl. in = = = O r - ao r = c - - = o + + + Station No. = = : = = = + = z = fg m CM Sample 1 1 1 at 1 1 No. 1 1 t oi V. CO eg pa 0^ c/: CO CQ u o CO C Boring No. ^ -59- 0. 1 1 1 1 _J Q. 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 ' ' 1 c o 1 1 1 1 3 O w 5 (/5 ' 1 I 1 T3 a; C (0 1 1 1 iTJ c 4J > C 1 ' 1 Q 1 ' 1 = 1 I 1 . I 1 C O g )— X 1 g. -' e CO to o s o ^ u H CD X > z >y fO : -n u C DO RJ ^ LH 3 o o O o Sample Depth Fl. -J in o1 O1 or o Ground Elevation Fl. - = = CO H onset Ft. - = = o o Station No. + Z r = i-H n CN m 1 1 1 1 Sample No. U 1- 1-1 cd ct 1 Boring No. p -60- a r^, 1 , 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 - 1 1 1 1 ( 1 1 0. 1 1 ' 1 -1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 . c o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 g 1 1 m 1 t 5 o .o w 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 Q 55 a 1 1 1 1 1 c t 1 1 1 CM 1 1 to c 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' r~- I S 1 c5 1 1 1 1 1 o 1 ' 1 : 1 ' r- o o x: rst VO per o 1 ^ lT. o Blow Ft. •^ in CD r- 1 O a. c o g »— ^3 g 1 1 = = < 1 : = in jj o - I 1 < 1 < w Oj Q < < < < X ui b J) E H o c a vw c c O 0) ffl 5 = = a +J >> X 0) OJ a m = = < Q 0) HE = E U U 0) u »-H m o o x: tn o in in O in ON 0) o c 1-1 in r- 1 1 rsi [^ in 1 1 C) Sample Depth Ft. 1 1 1 in CO 1 I 1 in ffi o in o in o in o in • m U3 CD m 00 Ground Elevation Ft. = = = = = in = = = = = CD 00 onset Ft. in = r = = = in = = = = (N CN in rsj + Station = = No. + = = = O = = = = = o 1-t 1- CN in i-H fN m in 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sample No. en u W 0) CO in u U3 to CO ex 1 1 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Boring No. ( -61- I I 1 ' 1 1 a. ' I 1 o a. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (U ID fN 0) 1 1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 1 c o 1 t 1 1 1 1 3 o 1 1 1 1 in fN 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 55 1 CM 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 t 1 1 (75 c > 1 1 1 1 ' 1 - ' 1 ' ' O 1 I 1 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 ' o per o m o •X) Blow Ft. 1—1 r^ 1 1 r- r- ^ m c o fN o )— a X I.D \£> 1 = i = = I CO 1 = ' < r- < < 1 < Q < < e IB c 5 o -H (/J X = = >. >, 0) T3 1— ID E IT] = C c l-t i-H U CO o o in o in o in in o o Depth r-t Sample Fl. in 1 1 in r- .— 1 1 1 1 in 1 1 1 1 1 o in o in o o in o in m m CO I.D CO o 00 Ground Elevation Fl. CO ====== CO CO H onset r : ======Ft. = m in CO CO o + in Station No. o ======+ = s = o CD l-t rsi in CM m 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 1 Sample No. 03 (fl CO CO u to CO in CO t/3 lO to a; CO CO U3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 c t < Boring No. in U3 - < 1 t^ t ( -62- a. rj •x m 1 1 1 ' I 1 1 1 ' IT) lT \C u-i t t I 1 1 1 Oi r-\ '"' 1 I ' a. -I r- 1 1 1 -J 1 1 1 m r-> fN fN 1 1 ' c >« rj CM CTi T 1 1 1 1 1 1 r^j CM o ra 1 1 5 a •o in CC r- (0 o 1 1 I ^ 1 1 1 n- n-1 rv ,_, 1 1 1 5 (^ ^ T ^3 li- o 1 1 1 1 1 1 rsj es c (N in 1 1 1 i^ J? C "S t 1 1 1 1 r-) •^ > 1 IT 1 (3 Q 1 1 1 1 1 1 a a 0^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 •a a s ' 0) 5 ^ a> — o 1 1 1 1 m a iJ- 1 c o ^_^ •c — — — — .— ^^^ ;-, o — O O o o 1— (T« CN CTi rsi C^ "• a\ (N a crv g s ^ •^ o o < ^ y£> y£> \D \D ^ \D -X) *x> ^ XI ^ -•T O O 00 O in O CD vi; ^ o o o a> JZ a o r-i m 1— i-H \D o T ,_, CM o in vO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 E 9- if 1 J 1 1 m o ^T 'T o o 00 o in o 00 o -T o en Q o O •"* o .-» 1— o o o "^^ o o in c T3 c g o o m IS 3 15 — ^ z : = KD = 1 p O > u- 1 1 1 r- ; z la V o OJ b^ e- £- 6^ E-« V) _; (X z = J r r J E ^ = J - ~ u. ^ in in in o rsi (U O 0) a. 6 E 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o 01 t 1 I 1 i 1 g 1 1 1 1 1 1 a en c z6 o r- CO (^ HI o m m m -63- 1 1 1 Q. -1 1 1 1 _1 1 1 1 -1 « c ID g 1 1 i Pi 3 1 1 1 Q (O T3 C 1 1 1 ui U7 c "3 > n 1 1 1 O 2 ' 1 1 per Blow Fl. 1 1 1 c o O .9 1- OS C7> a X o < 1 1 1 < < < < aat o tn t 1 1 CO o o Sample Depth Ft. 1 1 I o CO o o o Ground Elevation Fl. in z = V) .^ £ = = u. Pi O o o + Station No. rsi = = CO Sample No. 1 1 1 o 1 1 1 g a c CN Boring No. -64- 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 • 1 1 1 1 a. -1 1 1 ' I Q. 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I -1 1 1 1 1 1 I r 1 1 ' 1 0) m c o 1 1 1 a. I 1 1 I • 1 1 1 1 3 ui 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 I 1 ' 5 in T3 c ' 1 • 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 to c "3 > 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' (3 t5 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 = 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 ' • c o g (-X o o o O Q. to o < 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 ! a < < < < < < < < < < < < o B ( ' 1 ' 1 1 1- 1 ' CO CD iJ-l OS O CO CD l-l o in Deptli O o Sample Ft. 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 T. o 00 O u-i o o o o O o C3 o o Ground Elevation Ft. : o = = = = - as CO CO CO J (X VI ^ n = = in = m = z O T U5 3 o o o O N (N -1- + = = = -t- = -. Station No. n n r^ r~ n u-i LD ID in 00 00 CO oo Sample No. 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 at 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 o 1 ' 1 a c di ao. Boring No. 1 -65- 1 ' Q. ' ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 ' ' i -1 1 1 1 I 1 1 t 1 1 ' ) ' 4) c o ID 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 ' 3 « 1 t ' a (3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 03 C m 1 1 ' 1 1 ' ' ' ' 1 I ' i/i 01 c > 1 1 I 1 1 1 t 1 1 ; 1 1 (5 5 Q 1 1 1 1 I ' 1 ' ' 1 1 ' - 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 I 1 t 1 I 1 c o X CM fN CN 9. 5 < z \£> < <1 (S 5 (11 ' I ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1 1- OS U3 CD CN CD m CD rn m .—1 n t— CN rs] m Sample Depth Ft. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 CD 00 CD (>4 00 Ground Elevation Ft. ======00 CD CD r- E- = s = = = a: Zl LL CD m = = in m in in in in in + + + + + Station No. = = CN rsi = = '- in \£> 00 CO CO 00 CD Sample No. I 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i < 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' X 1 •Ho B 01 0. CO CTi rsi Boring No. ^ in < in 1 -66- T a " ' 1 -i 1 1 I Q. 1 t 1 1 1 1 01 -I o a. -^ -i 1 1 c >> ra ^ 1 1 3 O .a = (rt — CD 1 1 1 ( Q CO 1 m I 1 u o (N t/l .^ c V tz > 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 CO I 1 C o Q ' 1 1 o s? 1 I 1 1 CC 3 w 4) — 1 1 1 1 1 "- t 1 1 5 °- ' ' C o o o o o ro m r-t <— (J\ a^ CT\ CT^ ,—1 en 9- UD ^ \o •X) \D V£3 < T ^ ^ VD < 1 1 < < < < < < < < < < Q o C/) 3 1 1 1 ' X 1 1 1 1 01 GO ,_, O CO in r-- in O Q. "^ o i-H o m t 2- ii 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 o O o 00 (^ Q o o in o O o '-' o o o i-H o o o - ? § CO CM o 3 O - O > U. - in = T z in s fSJ . <3 S en a> o 0^ r^ r- 03 r-- ^ (A ^ . H E- : K _ J o in • in = •^ (N CM c o o O o o o O o := o + + vc • i£> - ~ n 2 = \a T r^ W rsi 00 CO CO o Q. i 5 ' 1 Ul 1 1 1 1 1 u a o a •a c Ol c ^r in »x> a z in in a mo -67- 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 a. 1 ' ' 1 -J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0. I 1 ' ' -1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1 ' 1 41 c D> m o 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pi 3 O t/i 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 1 i 1 1 1 o (75 Oi N I ( 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J) c > « 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ' t ' 2 O 1 ' 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 i - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 g n m m H m i-H CN < I 1 o 1 vc (A < 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 Qa; < < < < < < < e E E m o 0} o 3 .—I >< 1 ' 1 1 >i 1 1 1 >, 1 XI a C c c (T3 en 00 ° o 00 O o o CO Deptli o (N in (N Sample Ft. o ; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o CO O o O o 00 o c o o o o o fN o CO o CT> Ground Elevation Ft. m in CN ======C?N = r- onset Ft. .J = = IX in i-H £ = o = = = CD = o O o o in in o o Station No. + + + + o = = o = = in = s = = m m mun Sample No. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I , u 0) 1 1 1 1 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 1 1 a a Boring No. CO o < in in u; t ( 1 1 -68- Q. _l 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 41 0> IS -I 04 -1 1 1 c >. c tz u a3 VI 1 Q CO 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 ' T3 N (/) <^ a> m 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 ™ 1 1 1 , , 1 O O Q 1 1 1 O S? 1 1 1 1 cr 5 ^ O 0) — 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 5 °- " 1 ' 1 ' t 1 C o — o —. o „.^ m o „_ m C Q 1— (—1 1 r 1 X >1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 0) c C n3 .-a C/5 (/I in CO (U CO o CO in o 00 \£) ro o tn o o o m 1^ CN 1 ^ - o o T m in v£) 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 in CO 00 in VJD <:^ Q o o o 00 O o in O •^ o o m o o ^ o o CN CD - ,--. in ? § in rs] ^ rsi 2 ™ - - rM = = = CN z = 1—1 . F— _ _ , Ilset _ ^ Ft. .J , , cx = : : = O in in in c o O O o ^ "O- — o + + + 2 Z 00 = = : CO z s CO z z - - . (/} rn G\ en 0) 1 - u 01 o a a c di ai a c a (M m < S 2 ^D v£) m U3 •x; -69- 1 1 ' a 1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 I ' ' 1 1 ' 1 1 ' ' ' 1 1 ' _J 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 -1 1 ' 1 1 1 c o 1 1 \ 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 ' t 1 3 U .a w 1 1 1 1 04 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 Q Ht a> •D ^4 C 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1 1 ' ' ' oi c > i ' 1 1 1 2 1 ' I I 1 ' ' ' G o Q 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 ! ' 1 1 1 1 1 i - 1 ' 1 1 1 c o o o m m C c X cn H to < I 1 ^ < "Xt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o < < < < < < < < < < < E 5 CO 3 ' 1 1 1 X ' 1 1 1 ' ' i 01 c CO O O o o o O en o o o m CN VO o Sample Depth Ft. 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 o O o o o O o CM in = = = = = Ground Elevation Fl. = = = ON en 0) 6- E- (A ^ o = = = oIX = = s = 1 = = O in in in in o + + Slalion No. m = : = m = = = = rsi = = en Sample No. 1 1 i 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 I 1 1 ' ' 1 1 1 ' ' I o e V CD < Boring No. -70- a. 1 1 Q. i 1 -J -1 1 1 ID c o 3 O . 1 I 5 (75 ' ' u o ^* c 1 I en 01 c > 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ - c o o g. < \£) < 1 1 Q < < 5 to 5 \ 1 X u o O Sample Depth Ft. o1 1 o O Ground Elevation Ft. o = CO onset Ft. in = o o + = Station No. ON Sample No. I r 8 o 1 1 < •o c o ao. Boring No. < 1 -71- 1 1 1 0. l 1 1 ) 1 -1 Q. 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 _i 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' ' c 9 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 3 a 5 w 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 (7) c 1 2 1 . 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 O o o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IB (X 1 I ^ U2 HI 4J c o < o U3 = = = 1 = = > Q. 1 c s 10 IX c E c e 01 o i-H 3 -a e S X = 10 >i o u = 4-J £ ID J .— ; , H H u U o o o o in O in in o in ° o CM IJ-l r- 1 CN in Sample Depth Ft. 1 1 1 1 in 1 1 1 1 o o in • o in o in o m CO t— on CO o 00 Ground Elevation Fl. in = = = 00 = = = 00 Eh .J :: ul CC o m : = = o = = O in c o o in z: o 00 2 z + = s ' - + = = = in 01 in (N n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 05 in 01 U] in in Ul 01 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 § 6 CD r- t1 I It -72- Q. m l 1 1 1 1 1 , I 1 1 1 2 -1 m Q. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 -I ID Cm -1 1 1 r (N 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 c to o 1 1 1 f-H I 1 1 1 ' 1 1 r- • 3 u . 10 w o >X) a, 1 1 1 1 1 ( 1 I 1 ' —1 1 5 (Jj a •o o c 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 (7) c rj > m 1 1 1 " 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 O O ' ' 1 ' 1 1 § »- 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 r^ 00 a^. 1 i i iTi CO (^ lO VO CO r- CO •^ c o o h- Q. I 1 1 ID ID C/J 1 = = I 1 = = t = < 1 U < 1 < < < a: 1 Q < E a E (0 5 0) £ E to 5 r-l m >. = 4) r-l e a e 1- .— = c c H c— u Ul u o O in o o O in o in o o T o in o in in t— Deptti CM in r- rg o Sample Ft. 1 1 1 1 1 1 i in 1 t o in o in in o in 1 1 in in o in o in t— n 00 IN in CD o en CD o o Ground Elevation Ft. o - = = = 1— = = -. i-H 00 00 E- lA ^ -- ======U. : = 00 o O n in in in Station No. + - = = = = = + s : = = = CO CM m in ID i-H m tn VD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 Sample No. m U3 CO 01 in in CO CO CO u I 1 1 1 1 1 o 1 t 1 1 1 I a < HX •a c Boring No. a4) 1 -73- OJ ' 1 1 1 ' 1 ro 1 • 1 1 ' 1 a. _i m ;:; 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 I XI 1 1 I I 1 ' -J 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 01 (J> c >* m o (T- 1 1 1 ' i 1 i I 1 1 1 1 5 O £1 n 00 1 1 I 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 5 (/) D VJ3 C CN 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 ' ' ' if) c > 03 1 I I 1 1 ' cr\ ' 1 1 ' ' 2 ' (3 O Q t 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 O 3? 1 ' ' 1 1 ' m in in CnI en CO 1 i '^ (N in <-n in vO ^ ^ CN c o O Xt— o a CO = = = ' 1 = = ' 1 = u < 1 1 1 < < 1 < < a> < < Q £ a E O 2c cn a E E -. = = = = (T3 ft H >, = > = tj- 1— o u u o o c in o in m in o in in in C3; in • o o o t-t CN in 1 (N in 1 CN in r^ 1 Sample Depth Ft. 1 1 1 1 in 1 1 1 1 in 1 in o tn o in O in o in o in o in n-i m CD CO m ID GO w— o Ground Elevation Fl. = -. = = = = = o = = ~. CO CM CO CD 6^ onset Ft. Oi = = = = = : = m m = = = = CN in O + Station No. + ======: : : o = o ON .—1 in CN m ^ in CN Sample m in No. m 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 w CO CO to CO to CO to en CO CO CO to CO to 01 CO to to to CO CO CO CO CO to CO CI 1 I 1 1 1 1 a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' HX c « in Boring No. <1 -74- •r 1 1 I 1 Q. 1 ( 1 I 1 1 ' ' -J Q. a- 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t -i 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 <0 10 c o CN 1 t 1 1 1 1 I 1 D 1 1 1 1 vl 1 1 1 Q 1 1 ' I (y5 1 1 ' 1 1 ^ o a c '£- 1 ( nj 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 ' CO ' c > I 1 1 1 ' t 1 ' ' 1 ' 1 n (5 (5 1 ' 1 t 1 1 1 I ' 1 1 ' 1 s i o in in O - CO CO m 1 KO CO fN m rn 1 c o o Q. I t 1 1 1 1 1 = = = = = a. U < < < 1 < < o 5 w B >> B X = = = = z = O U .J o o in o o in in o in in o in o o o o Sample Depth fN in r- f-H CN Ft. in in in 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o in in I 1 o o in o in o in o in o m 00 n 1^ 00 .—1 c^ CO m o Ground Elevation Ft. = = = = -- = = n = = = CO CO cc E- E- VI ^ a -J = U- CN ======o = = = = O m in c o in in = o + CN CO + + 2 i-H = s = = s = = = S = to .-H .— fN 1— (N CN m 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 t i 1 1 i 1 1 tn m CO to CO CO CO U2 in CO CO U2 CO CO CO m 1 1 r 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 ' ' c O) o. § 6 m » en o CD -75- APPENDIX B STATISTICAL STREAM FLOW DATA FOR SELECTED STREAMS IN WELLS COUNTY (38) -76- APPENDIX B-1. STATISTICAL STREAM FLOW DATA FOR WABASH RIVER ( 38) 01323000 UA8ASH RIVER AT BLUFFTDD, IK long 85°10'19". ljDUTiaM.--LM «0*«4'M'. in IwlllEi s«c.<. T.26 «. . R. 12 £.. Wells County, Hydrolo^ic IMit 05120101. on doanitrva Side of left »iitBMt of lUin Stmt Bridge In Sluffton, 2 ai downtreaa fro Siiaile Creek, aid ' ORAIMSC AREA._U2 ai . KRIOO OF RECORD.—Octoter 1930 to Septeader 1971 (discontinued). Sage-height records collected Jt sue site since Oece«>er 1910 •r* conttinad in rvports of U.S. Uetther Bureau. SAGE.--t*»t»r-iuge recorder. Oatua of gage is 793.01 ft above National Geodetic Vertical Datua of 1929. Prior to Nar. 31. 1934. nonrcconling gage at saae site and datua. Mr. 31 to Dec. S, 1934, nonrecording gage at nearby site at sase datua. REMARKS. --Occasional regulation by Grand lake Reservoir, diversion froa or into St. Harys River basin, aitf into Miaai mi Erie Canal. AVERASE DISCHARGE. -41 years, 387 u'/i. 10.06 in/yr. EXTREMES FOR PERIOD Of RECORD. -Maiiaua ft discharge. 11. BOO Vs Feb. 15. 1950. gage height. 16.07 ft: aimaja daily, 4.0 f t V$ July 18. 1936. Maiiaia stage kno<*i, about 21.0 ft «ar. 25, 26. 1913, on basis of gage readings published in newspapers (discharge, 25, MO ft /s, froa rating curve e«tendecl above 11.700 ft'/s on basis of rainfall-runoff relation). DURATlDll TABLE Of DAILT KEAII DlSCmHGES FOS TEAR EHOIKG SEPTEWER 30 CLASS 12 3 4 5 6 7 e 9 10 11 12 ;3 14 15 16 17 IB 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26 29 30 31 32 33 34 TEAR NLweER OF MYS IK CLASS 1931 30 94 55 17 20 12 23 14 15 16 21 12 5 6 6 3 5 4 2 3 1 1 1932 2 14 14 18 IB 29 24 19 10 12 15 20 25 15 18 14 9 21 15 7 11 8 4 8 9 3 4 1933 2 7 23 15 6 11 13 13 9 IB 16 26 25 20 17 23 17 16 9 12 11 13 2 13 8 13 3 2 1934 24 14 4 7 31 17 10 16 16 13 8 17 27 19 13 17 15 32 14 13 12 4 2 2 4 7 3 12 1 1935 7 34 26 11 43 15 IB 10 11 22 29 14 20 20 16 11 8 11 3 9 6 4 8 1 13 4 1936 12 19 49 25 24 26 24 25 22 15 22 12 12 5 12 11 12 10 5 2 2 1 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 111 1937 1 23 29 14 13 20 10 12 9 14 10 20 28 24 19 22 14 11 7 11 20 14 7 8 2 2 1 1938 14 38 27 29 12 16 IB 14 12 23 19 16 15 11 18 12 9 7 6 12 13 9 6 7 3 1939 7 12 7 20 14 53 26 28 17 18 13 14 10 11 14 12 17 11 8 7 5 5 6 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 1 1940 1 11 6 60 65 38 10 B 13 14 11 12 15 19 8 13 13 4 13 4 5 9 1 3 2 4 13 1941 5 5 12 15 32 37 24 27 45 39 20 22 13 7 10 9 7 7 5 9 2 6 1 2 4 1942 2 11 7 30 25 25 15 18 14 IB 23 37 1 7 IB 17 14 9 8 10 1 2 4 5 6 5 14 7 3 1943 5 32 5 11 4 15 23 31 31 30 26 14 24 19 12 14 12 7 5 8 4 17 1 B 2 2 1 2 1944 10 17 12 12 10 10 20 29 32 47 32 10 6 6 16 8 10 10 6 9 7 11 11 6 3 8 3 2 2 1 1945 5 19 5 22 56 32 24 10 13 11 20 9 6 11 20 14 4 10 5 B 7 7 4 5 B 3 12 7 3 3 1946 3 28 5 4 8 10 16 13 26 17 8 23 44 16 18 10 16 17 12 B B 8 7 16 9 7 6 11 19<7 14 4 8 21 14 6 6 11 20 26 16 31 19 10 12 12 12 12 11 19 16 12 7 16 5 14 6 3 1948 4 14 12 27 22 41 25 31 23 15 13 14 14 16 7 5 8 6 6 12 11 10 12 10 3 4 19<9 2 10 18 11 1 36 12 22 26 17 14 18 17 7 17 27 17 17 13 6 14 12 12 B 9 2 1950 16 25 14 13 24 18 27 20 18 20 16 9 5 6 19 21 9 13 9 13 8 8 7 7 10 5 3 1 1 1951 7 10 19 18 15 11 22 12 17 6 14 21 14 21 18 24 11 13 11 10 6 9 16 17 11 3 3 3 1 195^ 9 7 9 5 9 31 23 20 17 16 IS 7 6 10 9 15 17 30 16 12 10 10 14 14 11 6 7 7 2 2 1953 2 17 24 36 25 16 8 11 9 IB 20 17 14 24 21 16 15 11 13 9 7 12 8 6 3 1 1954 4 4 22 21 46 60 21 15 17 15 16 13 17 19 19 8 7 9 8 3 7 3 2 6 3 W*5 4 13 8 3 5 16 19 20 24 40 24 22 11 25 18 12 17 12 5 15 9 11 7 9 5 5 4 2 }>S* 21 9 7 18 22 8 25 IB 31 24 19 19 13 8 10 13 22 16 11 11 11 16 13 1 }»' 17 20 14 7 18 15 9 14 9 5 16 20 12 27 9 12 20 20 13 5 9 7 14 12 9 14 3 7 4 4 6 7 15 10 10 11 21 19 27 25 32 55 23 J»8 16 16 9 13 14 5 13 1 6 3 4 4 18 J*!' 23 21 29 9 13 23 14 6 14 35 14 10 25 10 10 U 17 11 10 13 5 6 5 6 3 4 "M 13 IS 5 8 12 21 24 27 24 24 30 19 20 23 19 11 19 6 10 6 5 7 10 3 5 24 45 47 14 4 7 J?*! 9 10 10 21 18 16 10 15 10 12 13 11 10 5 5 3 5 14 7 5 10 2 2 1 J*' 11 1 16 16 18 20 12 26 42 26 23 10 14 22 6 6 15 16 12 12 8 5 5 5 7 4 5 11 1*3 2 18 15 40 22 19 92 12 16 11 12 18 7 11 10 8 6 7 B 4 1 5 4 3 8 112 11 6 84 48 21 28 19 13 9 15 13 7 11 5 5 2 6 3 12 8 9 4 2 2 2 4 5 4 8 5 2 11 1965J*^ 5 17 21 37 49 22 30 29 12 10 13 8 10 7 7 6 4 3 10 8 6 12 8 3 2 6 10 7 3 1966 1 19 64 57 28 21 19 20 18 11 15 13 13 13 13 9 9 6 6 3 4 1 2 1967 29 37 25 5 8 14 5 10 12 17 22 14 B 17 16 16 11 13 8 12 5 13 3 11 14 10 4 3 1 2 }•" 1 7 6 4 17 23 15 18 31 16 18 21 19 12 29 30 10 6 12 6 4 9 16 10 12 8 4 2 7 }*' 4 40 20 6 11 3 6 23 27 26 34 23 30 22 14 11 8 7 4 11 10 4 8 3 1 2 •''O 1 15 15 11 9 3 7 19 13 15 17 18 32 29 33 29 11 15 16 7 10 6 14 12 3 4 1 "'1 4 35 29 32 26 20 25 20 32 12 14 15 14 11 14 9 9 7 6 8 9 5 3 15 -77- APPENDIX B-1 (CONTINUED) CLASS VALUE TOTAL ACCIM PERCT CLASS VALUE TOTAL Aai* PERa CLASS VALUE TO^AL ACO* PERa 0.0 14975 100.00 12 55.0 680 84 85 56.66 24 950.0 273 174S U.6S 4.0 37 14975 100.00 U 69.0 754 7806 52.12 25 1200.0 316 1472 9. 83 S.l 121 14938 99.75 U 88.0 646 7051 47.09 26 1500.0 308 1156 7.72 6.4 446 14817 98.94 IS 110.0 635 6406 42.77 27 1900.0 337 648 5.66 e.2 45S 14371 95.97 16 140.0 684 5770 38.53 28 2500.0 181 511 3.41 10.0 889 13916 92.93 17 180.0 560 5086 33.96 29 3100.0 166 3X 2.20 U.O 932 13027 86.99 IB 2X.0 590 4526 30.22 30 3900.0 87 164 1.10 17.0 781 12D95 80.77 19 290.0 612 3936 26.28 31 5OOC.0 41 n 0.51 Zl.O 714 11314 75.55 20 370.0 470 3324 22.20 32 6300.0 29 36 0.24 27.0 645 10600 70.78 21 460.0 461 2854 19.06 33 8000. 5 7 0.Q5 10 34.0 710 9955 66.48 22 590.0 348 2393 16.98 34 10000. 2 2 0.01 11 43.0 760 9245 61.74 23 750 .0 3m 2045 13.66 VALUE EXCEEDED 'P PERCENT Of Tl« P95 • B.8 P90 • U.5 P75 21.7 P70 2B.3 PSO . 77.0 P25 . 315.0 PIO • nso.o LWEST (CAN DISCHARU AM) RANKIIC FOR TIC FOLLOWING NIMBER OF CONSECUTIVE DAYS IN YEAR ENDING HM)0 31 YEAR 1 3 7 14 30 60 90 120 183 1932 8.20 23 B.40 23 8.80 2? 9.x 22 10. X 20 19.x 22 38.x 26 43.x 23 62.x 22 1933 5.20 8 5.80 9 7.60 18 b.OO 17 9.x 16 26.x 26 40.x 27 48. X 24 64.x 23 1934 9.80 26 9.90 26 10.00 24 12.00 26 18.x 30 38.x 36 56.x 31 105.x 36 273.x 38 1935 5.00 6 6.00 6 5.40 6 6.40 7 7.M 6 14.x le 14.x 15 17.x U U.X 6 1936 6.40 14 6.50 10 6.80 10 7.60 11 e.X 8 e.70 4 U.X 11 19.x 16 28.x 10 1937 4.00 1 4.10 1 4.20 1 4.x I 6.x 4 B.X 6 19.x 19 20. X 16 48. X 18 1938 17.00 36 18.00 36 18.00 34 20.x 35 30.x 36 67.x 36 86.x 36 93.x 36 247.x 36 1939 10.00 27 10.00 27 10.00 26 14.x 27 19.x 33 21.x 23 26.x 21 38. X 20 56.x 20 1940 7.10 20 7.10 17 7,30 14 e.X 19 9.x 18 U.X 13 17.x IB U.X 12 30.x 11 1941 6.20 U 6. SO U 7.50 15 e.x 18 8.x 12 12.x 17 U.X 12 15.x 10 32.x 12 1942 4.10 2 4.20 2 4.50 2 5.50 4 9.x 14 U.X 14 15.x 16 U.X u 21.x 9 1943 7.60 21 8.10 22 10.00 26 11. X 26 18. X 31 31.x 30 56.x 32 79.x 32 203.x 35 1944 17.00 36 18.00 36 20.00 36 23.x 37 30.x 36 34.x 31 36.x 24 50.x 25 57.x 21 1945 4.x 3 4.70 4 4.80 3 5.20 2 5.» 1 B.X 6 U.X 8 U.X 6 15.x 3 1946 8.80 24 6.90 24 9.10 23 9.x 23 U.X 23 22.x 24 46.x 29 83. X 33 107.x 32 1947 5.40 9 5.40 6 5.50 7 5.90 5 6.M 3 7.x 2 e.X 3 U.X 3 40.x 15 1948 15.00 32 18.00 37 23.00 39 26. X 39 32.x 37 36.x 32 43.x 26 59.x 2- 93.x 28 1949 11.00 28 12.00 28 12. OC 28 16.x 29 17.x 27 18.x 20 20.x 20 36.x 21 91. X 27 1950 15.00 33 15.00 32 16.00 32 16.x 31 U.X 28 26.x 26 51.x 30 64.x 26 86.x 25 1951 17.00 37 18.00 38 19.00 36 30.x 40 41.x 36 70.x 38 66.x 34 116. X 3' 140.x 33 1952 6.90 16 7.» 18 7.70 19 8.70 21 10. X 21 U.X 16 U.X 13 22.00 19 50.x 19 1953 16.00 34 16.00 33 17.00 33 18.x 33 le.X 29 27.x 27 60.x 33 63.x 29 76.x 24 1954 7.60 22 7.70 21 7.90 21 7.90 16 e.X 10 9.x 7 U.X 4 U.X 4 20.x 8 1955 4.50 6 4.70 6 5.20 6 6.x 6 10.x 22 28.x 28 30. X 22 39.x 22 96.x 29 1956 6.20 7 6.30 7 6.00 e 6.x 8 9.x 19 37.x 33 67.x 35 72.x 30 91.x 26 1957 17 6.90 6.90 16 7.00 11 7.x 12 8.20 9 9.x 9 U.X 5 14.x 7 46.x U 1958 18.00 36 18.00 34 20.00 36 22.00 36 29.x 34 UB.X 39 140.x 4C 208.x 40 X6.X 40 1959 26.00 40 26.00 40 27.00 40 27.x 38 61.x 40 120.x 40 122.x 39 207.x 39 279.x 39 1960 13.x 30 13.00 30 14.00 30 16.x 32 19.x 32 30.x 29 39.x 26 60.x 28 103.x 30 1961 6.40 12 6.60 12 7.10 12 B.X 16 e.X 13 U.X 10 U.X 9 U.X 5 15.x 4 1962 18.00 39 19.00 39 20.00 37 20.x 34 46.x 39 68.x 37 74.x 36 76.x 31 106.x 31 1963 10 6.00 6.70 13 7.60 16 7.70 13 9.M 17 12.x 16 U.X 14 14.x 8 19.x 7 1964 6.40 13 11 6.50 6.70 9 B.X 9 7.x 5 7.x 3 7.x 2 B.X 2 U.X 1 1965 4.40 4 4.60 3 5.10 4 5.40 3 5.x 2 6.40 1 7.x 1 7.x 1 U.X 2 1966 7.00 18 7.30 19 7.70 20 7.x 14 8.70 11 U.X U U.X 10 14.x 9 U.X 5 1967 7.00 19 7.40 20 7.60 17 e.X 20 9.10 16 U.X 12 U.X 6 21.x 17 40.x 16 1968 6.80 16 6.90 16 7. 20 13 7.40 10 7.x 7 9.x 8 U.X 7 21.x 16 38. X 14 1969 13.00 31 14.00 31 14.00 31 IS.X 30 U.X 26 19.x 21 33.x 23 86. X 34 144.x 34 1970 12.00 29 12.00 29 12.00 29 14.x 28 15.x 26 37.x 34 86.x 37 152.x 38 248.x 37 1971 9.80 25 9.90 25 11.00 27 U.X 24 13.x 24 15.x 19 16.m 17 le.X 14 32.x 13 -78- APPENDIX B-1 (CONTINUED) HIGHEST NEAM DISCHMSC AW) RANKING FOI T»C FOILOWIK NIMBER OF CCMSECUTIVC OATS l« IIM ENDING SEPTEWER 30 TWR 1 3 7 IS 30 60 90 120 183 1931 1600.00 39 1180. X 41 819.x 39 631.x 39 413.x 40 254.x 40 186.x 40 159.x 41 119.x 41 1932 3510.00 33 3490.x 31 2710.x 33 2040.x 26 1410.x 26 966.x 28 787.x 29 623.x 30 475.x 32 1933 5170.00 19 4900.x IB 4320.x 12 2820.x 14 1750.x 17 1550.x 11 1230.x 14 948.x 16 956.x 8 1934 4380.00 25 3430.x 33 2260.x 35 1340.x 37 95a.X 37 660. X 37 484.x 37 436.x 37 372.x 34 1935 3750.00 32 3650.x 28 3270.x 22 2080. X 25 1100. X 36 m.CO 35 SBl.X 36 467. K 36 349.x 36 1936 6750. W 14 5830. X 13 4040.x 15 2140.x 22 1260.x 31 880.x 33 646.x 35 498.x 35 340.x 37 1937 10200. M 2 7990.x 3 5700.x 5 4250.x 4 2830. X 5 1940.x 7 1470.x 7 1350.x 5 1000. X 6 1938 6110.00 16 5540.x 14 4100.x 13 3530.x 7 2960.x 4 2QB0.X 2 1540.x 5 1320.x 6 964.x 9 1939 8260.00 4 6780.x 7 4X0. X 11 3100.x 10 2200.x 12 1500.x 13 1330.x 11 1020.x 14 713.x 19 1940 4820.x 21 4330.x 22 3280.x 21 2100.x 24 1300.x 30 941.x 30 733.x 32 607. M 33 442.x 33 1941 2470.00 38 2420.x 37 2X0. X 3? 1140.x 38 622.x 38 383.x 38 269.x 38 238. X 39 178.x 39 1942 4440.00 24 4030.x 23 3010.x 26 1920.x 27 1200.x 33 1020.x 25 853.x 25 680.x 28 593.x 26 1943 9490.00 3 8500. X 2 6250.x 3 4440.x 1 2640.x 7 1480.x 14 1280.x 12 1050.x 13 863. X 12 1944 7390.00 10 6350.x 11 4780.x 9 2980. X 11 1870.x 15 1450.x 15 1110. X IS 905.x 19 608. X 24 1945 4140.00 26 3830.x 25 3020.x 26 1730.x 33 1420.x 25 1160.x 23 892.x 23 841. X 22 635.x 21 1946 4070. M 27 3470.x 32 2850.x 30 1680.x 35 1120.x 34 702.x 36 761.x 31 611.x 32 611.x 23 1947 3870.00 30 3650.x 29 2970.x 26 2220.x 21 1600.x 20 1390.x 16 1160.x 16 919.x 18 766.x 16 1946 4690.00 22 4450.x 19 3210.x 23 2420.x 19 2390.x 10 1660.x 10 1380.x 10 1X0. X 12 B41.X 13 1949 3970.00 29 3830. X 26 2940.x 29 2680.x 16 2200.x 13 1730.x 9 1410.x 9 1220.x 8 922.x 10 19S0 11300.00 1 9260.x 1 6260.x 2 4350.x 2 3490.x 1 2830.x 1 2330.x 1 2010.x 1 1380.x 1 1951 6750.00 15 5530.x 15 3900.x 16 2810.x 15 1720.x 18 1380.x 18 1260.x 13 1210.x 9 1070.x 5 1952 7660.00 7 6320.x 12 4060.x 14 2850.x 12 2340.x U 1850. X 8 1700.x 2 1540.x 3 1170.x 3 1953 4050.00 28 3600.x 30 2510.x 34 1890.x 28 1430.x 24 938.x 31 841.x 26 713.x 27 599.x 25 1954 1440.00 40 1220.x 40 761.x 41 XB.X 40 457.x 39 330.x 39 267.x 39 248.x 38 185.x 38 1955 3280.00 36 2920.x 36 2200.x 36 1710.x 34 IIOO.X 35 769.x 34 779.x 30 672.x 29 486.x 30 1956 2500.00 37 2230. X 36 1760.x 38 1510.x 36 1350.x 28 1140. X 24 840.x 27 737.x 26 566.x 27 1957 7380.00 11 6610.x 8 5730.x 4 3910.x 5 3090.x 2 2040.x 4 1690.x 3 1X0. X 2 1250. X 2 19SS 7520.00 9 7380. X 4 6370.x 1 4310.x 3 2450.x 8 1540.x 12 1180.x 15 984.x 15 773.x 14 1959 7660.00 e 6540.x 9 4720.x 10 3430.x 8 3X0. X 3 2040.x 5 1490.x 6 1450.x 4 1070.x 4 1960 3450.00 34 3310.x 34 2820. X 31 1750. X 32 1310.x 29 921.x 32 807.x 28 774.x 25 573. X 28 1961 7050.00 12 6420.x 10 4960.x 8 3750.x 6 2430.x 9 1990.x 6 1580.x 4 1240.x 7 869.x 11 1962 5600.00 17 4400.x 21 2990.x 27 1890.x 29 1690.x 19 1390.x 17 1110. X 19 863.x 21 616.x 22 1963 7000.00 13 5310.x 16 3660.x 17 2480.x 18 1560.x 21 975.x 26 675.x 34 529.x 34 371.x 35 1964 8140.00 5 7340.x 5 5100.x 6 3200.x 9 2710.x 6 2070.x 3 1460.x 8 1110. X 10 739. M 17 1965 3450.x 35 3220.x 35 2770.x 32 1880. X 30 1400.x 27 1270.x 19 1020.x 21 XI. X 24 545. X 29 1966 1400.x 41 1290.x 39 X4.X 40 442.x 41 332.x 41 208.x 41 185. X 41 198. X 40 163.x 40 1967 7790.x 6 6840.x 6 5100.x 1 2840.x 13 1960.x 14 1260.x 20 1140.x 17 1X0. X u 961. X 7 196S 4860.x 20 4410.x 20 3620.x 19 2X0. X 20 1520. X 22 1220.x 21 1040.x 20 920.x 17 768.x 15 1969 5420.x 18 4940.x 17 3660.x 18 2660.x 17 1770.x 16 1180.x 22 875.x 24 830. X 23 660.x 20 1970 4520. W 23 4020.x 24 3040. X 24 1810.x 31 1230.x 32 943.x 29 989.x 22 864.x 20 718. X 18 1971 3820.x 31 3690.x 27 3»0.X 20 2120.x 23 1470.x 23 975.x 27 678.x 33 616.x 31 477.x 31 AHNLWL VALUES ANNUAL ICAN DISCXARGC AND RANKING ANNUAL KEAN DISCWRGE AND MIKING IN YEAR ENDING MRCH 31 IN TEAR ENOIIC SEPTIWER 30 1932 274.x 12 1931 69.00 41 1933 350.x 18 1932 269.00 32 1934 aS.X 29 1933 585.00 8 1935 108.x 1 1934 231.00 33 1936 278. X 13 1935 189.00 36 1937 433.x 26 1936 178.00 37 1938 555.x 33 1937 635.00 4 1939 513. X 31 1938 574.00 9 1940 200.x 7 1939 377.00 20 1941 174.x 3 1940 2X.0O 34 1942 233. X 8 1941 107.00 3B 1943 374.x 19 1942 331.00 25 1944 458. X 30 1943 528.00 11 1945 335.x 16 1944 325.00 28 1946 421.x 24 1945 327.00 27 1947 257.x 10 1946 356.00 23 1948 S34.X 32 1947 423.00 17 1949 642.x 37 1948 452.00 13 19S0 701.x 38 1949 542.00 10 W C W W» » W » n -79- APPENDIX B-1 (CONTINUED) AMtUAL VALUES— Continutd ANNWL MEAN DISOM!!^ AM) MMt.\IC MINUAl NEAH DISCMARGE MD WkNKING in ntfl ENDING MARCH 31 IK YEAR ENDIIC SEPTIieEfl 3D 1951 610.00 36 1950 735.00 1 1952 593.00 35 1951 590.00 7 1953 386.00 20 1952 620.00 5 19S4 129.00 2 1953 328.00 26 1956 304.00 14 1954 101.00 39 1956 3)4.00 15 1955 293.00 29 1957 253.00 9 1956 389.00 19 1958 B32.00 40 1957 673.00 2 1959 779.00 39 1958 640.00 3 1960 451.00 27 1959 60C.O0 6 1961 261.00 11 1960 358.00 22 1962 563.00 34 1961 449.00 14 1963 181.00 5 1962 336.00 24 196< 180.00 4 1963 194.00 35 1965 401.00 23 1964 374.00 21 1966 183.00 6 1965 279.00 r 1967 397.00 22 1966 95.00 40 196B 457.00 28 1967 504.00 12 1969 392.00 21 1968 446.00 IS 1970 427.00 25 1969 407.00 18 1971 344.00 17 1970 443. oc le 1971 269.00 31 NORMAL fONTHLT MEANS (ALL OArS) YEAR oa NOV DEC JAN FEB HAROI APRIL MAY JUNE JULY ALC SEPT 1931 12.20 12.60 IB. 30 11.20 38.20 178.00 309.00 54.00 36.40 97.40 10.10 55.00 1932 144.00 130.00 499.00 1363.0 392.00 180.00 209.00 88.50 76.x 65.90 S.75 63.50 1933 96.40 403.00 1206. 679.00 130. 1134.0 774.00 1648.0 101.00 62.10 52.00 68C.0O 1934 669.00 96.10 141.00 320.00 78.90 810.00 484.00 23.20 58.90 9.97 20.50 19.80 1935 17.80 21.50 10.50 152.00 86.20 390.00 240.00 1063.0 78.50 131.00 47.70 9.03 1936 6.52 22. X> 35.40 54.80 913.00 742.00 166.00 169.00 23.90 39.00 9.09 8.63 1937 116.00 324.00 112.00 2717.0 1066.0 497.00 1076.0 388.00 262.00 710.00 X3.DC 80.40 1938 165.00 48.70 719.00 227.00 974.00 1737.0 1893.0 180. 507.00 331.00 113. CD 36.20 1939 18.70 47.70 46.50 105.00 1076.0 1865.0 1009.0 86.80 172. 100. 46.40 9.62 1940 28.50 13.00 13.90 104.00 261.00 587.00 1287.0 141.00 284.00 39.40 19.20 13.x 1941 11.20 17.80 96.60 76.10 86.40 30.70 163.00 24.20 621.00 141.00 14. 6C 9.38 1942 20.70 21.40 35.60 27.70 734.00 1024.0 807.00 164.00 19C.0C 50. 6C 857.00 75.50 1943 16.40 162.00 398.00 373.00 466.00 942.00 206.00 2473.0 366.00 329.00 488.00 76.50 1944 59.80 86.40 32.20 41.40 261.00 1028.0 1842.0 403.00 82.50 14.70 62.20 8.63 1945 10.10 15.50 14.20 10.30 467.00 1127.0 893.00 393.00 B4E.0C 110.00 29.70 36.50 1946 220.00 160.00 416.00 672.00 466.00 825.00 89.80 663.00 640.00 102.00 15.10 6.90 1947 8,44 14.90 108.00 623.00 354.00 472.00 1154.0 1096.0 896.00 166.00 136. 57.60 1948 36.70 41.90 118.00 613.00 717.00 1385.0 1462.0 692. 140.00 183.00 27.70 17.50 1949 17.90 357.00 804.00 2170.0 1155.0 703.00 341.00 330. 346.00 189.00 75.x 42.60 1950 104.00 17.70 132.00 3357.0 2289.0 1278.0 1003.0 249.00 17S.0C 163.00 6'. 40 91.50 1951 271.00 623.00 1100.0 1016.0 1662.0 988.00 812.00 462.00 101.00 86.20 14.80 13.10 1952 13.00 75.80 707.00 2026. 1166.0 1533.0 1176.0 290.00 92.90 66.40 £5.60 136.00 1953 22.90 77.60 340.00 606.00 488.00 1279.0 303.00 546.00 149.00 51.00 50.70 13.00 1954 8.76 12.20 14.90 64.60 99.20 237.00 395.00 101.00 199.00 34.60 44.40 11.10 1955 258.00 146.00 283.00 701.00 464.00 1008.0 313.00 53.90 86.60 123.00 61.40 18.50 1956 199.x 777.00 94.40 60.80 1067.0 964.00 476.00 341.00 521.00 159.00 44.00 16.40 1957 8.48 13.40 118.00 447.00 606.00 416.00 3068.0 985. 721.00 1551.0 52.x 218.00 1958 262. M 322.00 1793.0 436.00 262.00 286.00 377.00 320.00 2380.0 574.00 536.00 111.00 1959 138.00 454. W 122.00 1599.0 20O6.0 850.00 1049. 828.00 136.00 62.50 29.70 30.40 1960 127.00 244.00 607.00 751.00 1042.0 529.00 267.00 210.00 217.00 276.00 40.50 13.x 1961 11.10 14.60 10. SO 12.x 273.00 1775.0 2205.0 505.00 191.00 97.60 221.00 76.70 1962 95.80 93.50 45.90 1037.0 775.00 1446.0 108.00 191. 154.00 62.60 16. ?0 16.90 1963 12.40 20.30 13.60 31.% 53.x 1470.0 404.00 97.50 87.50 93.40 17.70 9.11 1964 7.33 8.41 8.66 27.80 16.30 1364.0 2657.0 290.00 59.10 52.20 9.46 7.03 1965 5.90 9.91 19.30 112.00 510.00 1127.0 1382.0 138.00 37.10 17.80 9.21 13.70 1966 33.10 12.30 20.70 149.00 248.00 165.00 81.50 292.00 48.10 68.20 12.60 12.60 1967 9.41 141.00 1467.0 289.00 603.00 1724.0 741.00 886.00 72.x 71.70 12.x 7.89 1968 14.60 66.00 1464.0 594.00 1021.0 552.00 347.00 540.00 432.00 88.40 246.00 23.70 1969 16.00 181.00 507.00 1252.0 826.00 266.00 674.00 358.00 336.00 341.00 28.70 U7.00 1970 339.00 662.00 290. 380.00 1001.0 648.00 1106.0 436.00 X6.00 72.90 53.x 15.10 1971 17.70 21.30 60. n 57.90 1352.0 648.00 96.00 326.00 421.00 US. 00 44.x 158. -80- APPENDIX B-1 (CONTINUED) OCT an DEC JM FEB man fifth PERanriit U.'O 16.C0 2t.40 62.70 2SS.00 4«5.00 FiniETW PERC£«TILE a>-M S6.00 IIS.OO 373.00 SOS.OO aso.oo StVtHTV FIFTH PERCENTILE 133.00 172.00 503.00 726.00 1032.00 1279.00 »«IL my juiE jar we sept TWEKTIf FIFTH PESaiTTILE Ze.OO 150.00 84.00 62.30 IS.90 U.M FiniETH PERCEIITILE •'•OO 328.00 179.00 97.40 44.30 18.50 SEVEirv FIRH PERCEMTILE "30.00 543.00 403.00 165.00 63.90 76.00 -81- APPENDDC C CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SOIL PROPERTIES AND INDEX PARAMETERS (39) -82- Effective Preconsolidation Stress in Cohesive Soils Correlation with Index Parameters (I) Stas and Kiilhawyi: 2l ,q(1.11-1.62U) Pa" where o^ = largest preconsolidation stress Pa = atmospheric stress in the desired stress units LI = liquidity index (H) NAVFAC2: 0) c 3 0.05 0.1 0.5 I 5 10 50 Preconsolidation Stress, (?„/d- where St = sensitivity Stas, C. v., and Kulhawy, F. H. "Crihca] Evaluation of Design Methods for Foundations Under Axial Uplift and Compression Loading," Report EL-3771, Electee Power Research Instihate Palo Alto, 1984, 198p. 2NAVFAC, Soil Mechanics (DM7.1) Naval Facilities Engineering Command Alexandria, 1982, 355p. -83- Undrained Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils Correlation with Index Parameters for Undisturbed Clays (I) Skempton^: 1 1 T r i I r 0.6 ^4^^ = 0.11 + 0.0037 PI o . > p 0.4 >to = 0.2 I I 1_ I \ 1 I L J 20 40 60 80 100 120 Plasticity Index, PI (%) where Sy = undrained shear strength VST = vane shear test a^ = effective vertical stress Note: (1) for NC clay only (2) The value of S^ determined from the VST should not be used directly in analysis, because it needs to be corrected for the strain rate during testing and the soil anisotropy. (11) Jamiolkowski et al^: for low OCR clays with low to moderate PI S^- 0.23 ±0.04 Or 'P where Op = preconsolidation stress Sjj corresponds to direct simple shear conditions ^Skempton, A. W. "Discussion of Planning and Design of New Hong Kong Airport," Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 7, June 1957, pp. 305-307. ^Jamiolkowski, M., Ladd, C. C, Germaine, J. T., and Lancellotta, R. "New Developments in Field and Laboratory Testing of Soils," Proceedings, 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, San Francisco, 1985, pp. 57-153. -84- (in) Bjerrum and Simons 3; 0.4 I -1 ^ 1 1 \ u H 0.3 : ^- o 0.2 o - 0.1 • • • 'b* 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 Liquidity Index, LI where CIUC = consolidated isotropic undrained triaxial compression (IV) Mesri^: =^=0.22 Or Sy corresponds to direct simple shear conditions ^Bjerrum, L, and Simons, N. E. "Comparison of Shear Strength Characteristics of Normally Consolidated Qays," ASCE Research Conference on Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils, Boulder, 1%0, pp. 711-726. ^Mesri, G. " A Re-evaluation of Sy(mob) -0.220- using Laboratory' Shear Tests," Canadian Geotechrucal Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1, Feb. 1989, pp. 162-164. -85- Undrained Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils Correlation with Index Parameters for Remolded Clays a)MitcheUi: I I 1 |iiii| 1 I I i i| I I I |iiii| 111 |i'"i n I I I |iiii 4| | Approximate limifs of data XJ 2 c 3 lI^uoI I . ill ''I 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 I 10 Remolded Undroined Shear Strength, Sy/pg where S^ = remolded undrained shear strength Pg = atmospheric pressure or stress ^Mitchell, J. K. Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1976, p228. J l-^Rf' ?V''7' i GENERAL SOIL PROFILES GLACIAL DRIFT LEGEND PARENT MATERIALS (GROUPED ACCORDING TO LAND FORM AND ORIGIN! RIOGE MORAINE GROUND MORAINE - WISCONSINAN THIN GLACIAL DRIFT OVER LIMESTONE FLUVIAL DRIFT ^ FLOOD PLAIN W ^'^•»' FLOOD PLAIN LACUSTRINE PLAIN MUCK BASIN TEXTURAL SYMBOLS (SUPERIMPOSED ON PARENT MATERIAL TO SHOW RELATIVE COMPOSITION) LACUSTRINE DRIFT CUMULOSE DRIFT GRAVEL LACUSTRINE PLAIN MUCK BASIN MISCELLANEOUS 'K GRAVEL PIT !my LAKE AND POND TEXTURAL SYMBOLS FOR SOIL PROFILES ^ H/GHLy ORGANIC TOPSOIL GRAVEL SAND SILT MARSH OR SWAMP '"-7' ~ MMi ., ' m J. ^"j--^'J^^=j^^ CLAY LOAM WM S GRAVEL PIT |g;/ LAKE AND POND TEXTURAL SYMBOLS FOR SOIL PROFILES HIGHLY ORGANIC TOPSOIL GRAVEL SAND SILT <^ MARSH OR SWAMP isai URBAN AREA CLAY LOAM MUCK _ ^3 BORING SITE ORGANIC LIMESTONE ROCK MATERIAL FRAGMENTS ENGINEERING SOILS MAP WELLS COUNTY INDIANA PREPARED FROM 1940 AAA AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS BY JOINT HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROJECT AT PURDUE UNIVERSITY 1992 SCALE OF MILES DRAWN BY D YANG PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF WEl-YAO CHEN, ARVIND CHATURVEDI , AND C W LOVELL (90) WELLS COUNTY z olI ol ol ol O 1 z - I 'J1 1