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Proceedings, 17Th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2010 April 5-7; Lexington, KY; Gen

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Proceedings, 17Th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2010 April 5-7; Lexington, KY; Gen United States Department of Proceedings Agriculture Forest 17th Central Hardwood Service Northern Forest Conference Research Station General Technical Report-P-78 Lexington, KY April 5-7, 2010 This document is being published in electronic format only (Web and CD). Any corrections or additions will be posted to the Web site (www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs). Cover photo by Songlin Fei, University of Kentucky; used with permission. The fi ndings and conclusions of each article in this publication are those of the individual author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service. All articles were received in digital format and were edited for uniform type and style. Each author is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her paper. The use of trade, fi rm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an offi cial endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. This publication/database reports research involving pesticides. It CAUTION: PESTICIDES does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fi sh or other wildlife—if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. Published by: For additional copies: USDA FOREST SERVICE USDA Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD., SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073-3294 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 April 2011 Fax: 740-368-0152 Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ 17th Central Hardwood Forest Conference 2010 Lexington, Kentucky 17th CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE Proceedings of a Conference held at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky April 5-7, 2010 Edited by: Songlin Fei, University of Kentucky John M. Lhotka, University of Kentucky Jeff rey W. Stringer, University of Kentucky Kurt W. Gottschalk, USDA Forest Service Gary W. Miller, USDA Forest Service Sponsored by: Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service Charles E. Barnhart Fund for Excellence, University of Kentucky Published by: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Newtown Square, PA An error in a gure has been reported in a paper published in the 17th Central Hardwoods Conference Proceedings (Fei et al. 2011). is has been corrected in the electronic version online at http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/38058. For the correction, see page 238 of this paper. FOREWORD Th e Central Hardwood Forest Conference is a series of biennial meetings dedicated to the sustainability and improvement of the Central Hardwood forest ecosystems. Th e objective of the conference is to bring together forest managers and scientists to discuss research and issues concerning the ecology and management of forests in the Central Hardwood region. Th e conference has been hosted by diff erent institutes across the region. Th is, the 17th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, is hosted by the Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky. Th e conference includes presentations pertaining to forest regeneration, invasive species, socioeconimics, wildlife, forest ecology, biometrics and modeling, silviculture, and forest hydrology. Th e conference consisted of 67 oral presentations and 39 poster presentations; most of these papers and some extended abstracts are published herein. Th e 18th Central Hardwood Forest Conference (2012) will be hosted by West Virginia University and the Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service; the 19th Central Hardwood Forest Conference (2014) will be hosted by Southern Illinois University and the Northern Research Station; and the 20th Central Hardwood Forest Conference (2016) has been proposed to be hosted by Pennsylvania State University and the Northern Research Station. STEERING COMMITTEE: Co-chairs: Songlin Fei, University of Kentucky John Lhotka, University of Kentucky Jeff Stringer, University of Kentucky Committee members: Kurt W. Gottschalk, USDA Forest Service Renee Williams, University of Kentucky ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Mary Arthur, University of Kentucky Chris Barton, University of Kentucky John Brooks, West Virginia University John Cox, University of Kentucky Daniel Dey, USDA Forest Service Charles Goebel, Ohio State University Lynne Rieske-Kinney, University of Kentucky Michael Saunders, Purdue University Callie Schweitzer, USDA Forest Service Andrew Stainback, University of Kentucky REVIEW PROCEDURES A double-blind review process was used in reviewing manuscripts for oral presentations. Each manuscript was assigned to one of the editors and peer-reviewed by at least two professionals. Reviews were returned to authors to revise their manuscripts. Revised manuscripts were then submitted to the Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service for fi nal editing and publishing. Th e conference rejected 10 percent of the proposed oral presentations and six percent of the manuscripts. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Th e Steering Committee wishes to thank all the professionals who assisted in reviewing the manuscripts for the proceedings. Th e Steering Committee is grateful to Susan Wright and other members of the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station communications unit for technical editing and publishing of these proceedings. Th e Steering Committee also thanks the following people for their assistance: Chris Reeves, Billy Th omas, and Darryl Cremeans, Department of Forestry at University of Kentucky. CONTENTS BIOMETRICS AND FOREST MODELING Thinning Strategies to Increase the Regional Availability of Oak Timber in the Mid-Appalachian Region. 2 John R. Brooks, Jingxin Wang, and Chris LeDoux Stump Sprout Dominance Probabilities of Five Oak Species in Southern Indiana 20 Years after Clearcut Harvesting . 10 Dale R. Weigel, Daniel C. Dey, and Chao-Ying Joanne Peng An Evaluation of Three Growth and Yield Simulators for Even-Aged Hardwood Forests of the Mid-Appalachian Region. 23 John R. Brooks and Gary W. Miller A Technique for Predicting Clear-Wood Production in Hardwood Stems: A Model for Evaluating Hardwood Plantation Development and Management . 33 Christopher M. Oswalt, Wayne K. Clatterbuck, and Dave R. Larsen A 3-Point Derivation of Dominant Tree Height Equations . 41 Don C. Bragg Examining Spring Phenology of Forest Understory Using Digital Photography. 51 Liang Liang, Mark D. Schwartz, and Songlin Fei Developing Digital Vegetation for Central Hardwood Forest Types: A Case Study from Leslie County, KY . 58 Bo Song, Wei-lun Tsai, Chiao-ying Chou, Th omas M. Williams, William Conner, and Brian J. Williams A Three-Dimensional Optimal Sawing System for Small Sawmills in Central Appalachia. 67 Wenshu Lin, Jingxin Wang, and R. Edward Th omas Validation of an Internal Hardwood Log Defect Prediction Model. 77 R. Edward Th omas Integrated Least-Cost Lumber Grade-Mix Solver . 83 U. Buehlmann, R. Buck, and R.E. Th omas A Graphical Automated Detection System to Locate Hardwood Log Surface Defects Using High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Laser Scan Data . 92 Liya Th omas and R. Edward Thomas FOREST ECOLOGY Forest Composition Change in the Eastern United States. 103 Songlin Fei and Peilin Yang Composition, Structure, and Dynamics of the Illinois Ozark Hills Forest . 109 Lisa M. Helmig and James S. Fralish Effi cacy of Herbicide Treatments for Controlling Residual Sprouting of Tree-of-Heaven . 128 Daniel Bowker and Jeff Stringer Maximizing Carbon Storage in the Appalachians: A Method for Considering the Risk of Disturbance Events. 134 Michael R. Vanderberg, Kevin Boston, and John Bailey Status and Potential of Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration in West Virginia . 143 Benktesh D. Sharma and Jingxin Wang Are Nitrate Exports in Stream Water Linked to Nitrogen Fluxes in Decomposing Foliar Litter?. 153 Kathryn B. Piatek and Mary Beth Adams The Fate of Nitrogen Mineralized from Leaf Litter – Initial Evidence from 15N-Labeled Litter . 164 Kathryn B. Piatek Canopy Gap Characteristics of an Old-Growth and an Adjacent Second-Growth Beech-Maple Stand in North-Central Ohio. 177 David M. Hix, P. Charles Goebel, and Heather L. Whitman Composition and Structure of Riparian Areas Along a Land-Use Gradient in an Agricultural Watershed of Northeastern Ohio . 186 P. Charles Goebel, David M. Hix, and Heather L. Whitman Landform and Terrain Shape Indices Are Related to Oak Site Index in the Missouri Ozarks . 197 Jason L. Villwock, John M. Kabrick, W. Henry McNab, and Daniel C. Dey Site Characteristics of American Chestnut, Oak, and Hickory Witness Trees on the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia. 208 Melissa Th omas-Van Gundy and Michael Strager Effects of Natural Gas Development on Forest Ecosystems. 219 Mary Beth Adams, W. Mark Ford, Th omas M. Schuler, and Melissa Thomas-Van Gundy Spatial Impact Assessment of Conifer Stands in the Hoosier National Forest . 227 Richard Th urau, Craig Wayson, Dale Weigel, and Jeff Ehman Analysis of Historical Vegetation Patterns in the Eastern Portion of the Illinois Lesser Shawnee Hills . 237 Suzanne L. Jones and Roger C. Anderson FOREST REGENERATION Fate of the 2001 Acorn Crop at Clear Creek State Forest, Pennsylvania . 253 Patrick Brose The Effects of Shelterwood Harvesting on Oak Regeneration Two Years after Harvest in Southern Ohio. 262 James D. Downs, Roger A. Williams, and Joni A. Downs Effects of Midstory Removal on Underplanted Black Oak and White Oak in the Western Cumberland Plateau. 270 David L. Parrott, John M. Lhotka, and Jeff rey W. Stringer Early Survival and Growth of Planted Shortleaf Pine Seedlings as a Function of Initial Size and Overstory Stocking . 277 John M. Kabrick, Daniel C. Dey, Stephen R. Shifl ey, and Jason L. Villwock Dynamics of Planted Cherrybark Oak Seedlings and Yellow-Poplar from Seed Following a Regeneration Clearcut .
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