Wonders of the Modern World: America of the Modern World: America

Home , Land Ordinance of 1785, Our American Cousin

PROJECT OF A HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURE WONDERS WONDERS OF THE MODERN WORLD: AMERICA OF THE MODERN WORLD: AMERICA

Pier Paolo Tamburelli Stephen Adzemovic ER WO AT R E L Hannah Hortick R D G

David Ramis E RESIDENTS CHINA A ONLY Y RUSSIA R T I T N JAPAN Christina Rodriguez H S U H M PEARL HARBOR I P C O M The Univerisy of Illinois at Chicago ALCATRAZ School of Architecture 2015

WARNING

RESTRICTED AREA

Based on research conducted in a seminar held in the fall of 2014 by Pier Paolo Tamburelli at UIC with students: Siobhan Barrett, Nicho- las Bashman, Matt Bucsher, Jesus Corral, Michael Denmark, Julia Di Castro, Patricia Diaz Agrela, Hannah Hortick, Suyam Kim, Ayla Mull, Samra Pecanin, Katmerka Ramic, David Ramis, Christina Rodriguez and Anton EXAS STATE FAIR Tonchev. T

And research conducted in the design studio Arch. 465 studio held in fall 2014 by Pier Paolo Tamburelli with students: Stephen Adzemovic, Ivan Hinov, Obed Lopez, Michael McDow, Andre Mirovskyy, Marek Pula, Sam Radice, Rafael Robles, Chelsea Steiner and Kaitlyn Woodward.

With special thanks to: David Brown, Penelope Dean, Chris Garofalo, Grant Gibson, Geoffrey Goldberg, Sam Jacob, Jenny Meakins, Agata Mierzwa, Luis Ortega, Francesca Pellicciari, Robert Somol and Lauren Van Damme.

Printed by: Compton and Sons Printing St. Louis MO

March 2015

NIAGARA FALLS BALB KNOB CROSS STATUE OF LIBERTY AREA 51 DAYTONA 500 INDY 500 MALL OF AMERICA 9/11 MEMORIAL SALT LAKE TEMPLE .31 .21 .11 B C WONDERS OF THE MODERN WORLD: AMERICA A .04 .39 C .10 A D D .20 B L A TYPE SUBTYPE MONUMENT STATE OPENING TIMES SIZE ESTABLISHED VISITORS .19 A 22 44 F 32 H J B E B .09 B D .01 GRAND CANYON AZ 47 .13 J Year Round 1,218,375 ac. - 3,568,945 .34 D NATURAL WONDERS .23 K .27 A .35 F A Natural Wonders are natural elements that are viewed, experi- .02 JOSHUA TREE CA Year Round 790,636 ac. - 1,250,000 D C enced and revered for their evident beauty. Natural wonders .05 C .08 G .15 I G I indeed emerge into the context in which they are located for their .03 NIAGARA FALLS .12 .49 A E H NY Year Round 167 ft. (height) - 22,000,000 .07 .14 E .29 .26 .06 F C size or form (or a combination of the two). This emergence and 42 .01 C .18 B D .04 16 E clarity of form from context has been associated with the unlikeli- OLD FAITHFUL WY Year Round 185 ft. (height) - 3,394,320 .02 .50 F .48 C M ness in nature of regular, recognizable figures (Gahlen, 1940). 43 G .25 B Natural wonders can be destinations for religious or tourist traffic, .05 SEQUOIA CA Year Round 404,064 ac. - 420,000 40 B E C in these cases natural wonders are normally modified by the C CAVES .06 MERAMEC CAVERNS .46 .28 .41 D introduction of architecture. KY November - March 128 ac. - 150,000 A == Caves are large holes in the ground formed by various geological processes. Theses holes are large enough to be entered and occupied. .07 MAMMOTH CAVE MO Year Round 53,120 ac. - 650,000 A 33 A. Horshoe Falls A. Highway 127 A. Ellis Island A. Restricted Access Fence A. Motorcross Event Space A. Northeast Vista A. Parking Garage H. El Circulo Del Cielo A. North Tower A. Assembly Hall H. Relief Society Building 45 . B. Canadian Maid of the Mist B. Bald Knob Cross B. To New Jersey B. Groom Lake Airport B. Award Ceremony B. Northwest Vista B. Nordstroms I. Log Chute B. South Tower B. South Visitors Center I. Church Office .08 ARCHES Year Round 76,679 ac. 1,040,758 17 .30 .38 C. Bridal Veil Falls C. Visitors Center C. To New York C. “Extraterrestrial Highway” C. Innertrack Viewing Area C. Pit Crews C. Macey’s J. Atomic Collider C. Museum Entrance and Ticket Window C. Family History Library J. Conference Center ROCKS UT - Map of the United States showing location of the .24 D. American Falls D. Statue of Liberty D. Grandstands D. Tower Terrace D. Rock Bottom Plunge K. Ghost Zone D. MTA E Line D. Museum of Church History and Art E. American Maid of the Mist E. Golf Course E. Shell Shock L. Sears E. MTA R Line E. Tabernacle Rocks are large masses of stone emerging in the landscape. Sometimes monuments with respect to major cities. F. Goat Island F. Southeast Vista F. Crazy Cars M. Bloomingdale’s F. Salt Lake Temple rocks have special or recognizable shapes . They have been the object of .09 CHIMNEY ROCK AZ / UT Year Round 300 ft. (height) - 10,000 G. Southwest Vista G. Big Rigs G. North Visitors Center cult (as in the case of the Cult of Stones Van der Leeuw, 1956). .10 DEVILS TOWER NE Year Round 1,280 ac. - 395,203 JAN JAN .11 OLD MAN OF THE MT. WY Year Round 40 ft. (height) - 20,000 OLD FAITHFUL MT. RUSHMORE CAPE CANAVERAL CONEY ISLAND GETTYSBURGD KENTUCKY DERBY STATE FAIR OF TEXAS USS ARIZONA WASHINGTON DC 500 000 DEC FEB DEC 1 FEB D 8 49 50 01 .0 .12 MONUMENT VALLEY NH Year Round 30,000 ac. - 400,000 .4 2 .0 .47 3 6 .04 .4 33 B 5 .0 C F 4 5 E F . 000 000 D E F G H COLOSSAL OBJECTS .13 AMES MONUMENT WY Year Round 60 ft. (height) 1880 12,000 .0 1 C E CONSTRUCTED WONDERS 4 6 C .4 A F F Colossal Objects are large objects or collections of objects in the .0 A G 3 8 A 4 MAR MAR A Constructed Wonders are objects or collections of objects that are NOV . NOV E .14 . B landscape. Massive objects of which some can be entered and some can BALD KNOB CROSS IL April 111 ft. (height) 1963 10,000 0 2 I G 9 C E F 4 0 000 A constructed atop the earth or carved out of the earth. Some exist in . 50 D B

not. They are often larger than life representations of something else . 1 G 0 B 0 H K 4 7 I insignificant or nondescript locations while others are intentional .15 . .24 GATEWAY ARCH MO Year Round 630 ft. (height) 1967 2,300,000 .02 and are significant because of their size alone. 0 . O A 1 3 1 C 9 4 1 29 2 .08 J M H markers of a historically significant site or event. Some are meant 3 D .

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to be showcased and observed while others try to be secret or 45 ft. x 350 ft. 3 D

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isolated. Some constructed wonders are open to the public and 3 H

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.17 SAN JACINTO TX Year Round 570 ft. (height) 1939 250,000 6 J others are only for a private group, some are extremely frequented 5

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and others are hardly visited. These wonders are designations in 6 E

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CABAZON DINOSAURS CA Year Round 45 ft. (height) 1986 - 1 MAY MAY

themselves, flocked to, never simply stumbled upon. The use of SCULPTURES 7

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Sculptures are objects or collections of objects that are simply to be 8 C

such wonders can vary according to seasons or remain constant 3 B

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CRAZY HORSE Year Round 563 ft. (height) 15,000 2 SD 1931 E

observed. Some are in memory of a person, or an event, or an idea.

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throughout the year. 2

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Others are simply objects that represent themselves. Some are

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. K L .20 MOUNT RUSHMORE O extremely widely known while others are hardly visited. Some flocked SD Year Round 1,273 ac. 1941 2,000,000 AUG JUN AUG JUN K P to by anyone and everyone while others are only significant to a specific .21 OUR LADY OF THE ROCKIES MA Year Round 90 ft. (height) 1979 40,000 Q group of people. J E A Legend JUL JUL Nasa Crawler Military March .22 STATUE OF LIBERTY NY Year Round 305 ft. (height) 1886 3,200,000 New York City Subway People satnding Texas State Fair Skyway Boats A. Orange Spring H. Lion Group O. Giantess Geyser A. Abraham Lincoln H. Grand View Terrace A. Spectator Launch Site H. LC 37 - Apollo/Saturn IB O. LC 36 - Centaur A. MCU Park H. MTA Q Line A. General A.P. Hill H. General Meade A. Longfield Reserved Parking H. Winner’s Circle A. Texas State Fair Esplanade A. The Wreck of the USS Arizona A. Pentagon The diagram shows when each wonder is accessible. The majority of The diagram shows the average attendance the wonders recieve over the B. Turban Geyser I. Aurum Geyser P. Old Faithful Geyser B. Theodore Roosevelt I. Lincoln Parking Ramp B. Mission Control Center I. LC 34 - Apollo/Saturn IB P. LC 5 - Mercury Redstone B. Parachute Jump I. Coney Island Museum B. General Reynolds I. General Ewel (Day 2) B. Clubhouse I. Interior Barns B. Big Tex B. Gun Turret B. Lincoln Memorial People walking Horses .23 TREE OF UTAH C. Grand Geyser J. Heart Spring Q. Ranger Station C. Thomas Jefferson J. Washington Parking Ramp C. AFS Skid Strip J. LC 19 - Gemini/Titan IIK. LC 16 - Apollo Q. LC 6 - Mercury Redstone C. Wonder Wheel J. Luna Park C. General Doubleday J. General Longstreet C. Bus Depot J. Timekeeper’s Stand C. Texas SkyWay C. Viewing Space C. Vietnam War Memorial UT Year Round 87 ft. (height) 1982 14,000 Bus / Trailer Bicycles the monuments are open all year long, Wonder No. 29 is never year. data is collected on a monthly basis. Each dotted ring represents 500 D. Spesmodic Geyser K. Doublet Pool R. Visitors Center D. George Washington D. Pad B K. Service Module Static Test D. Coney Island Historic Project K. Boardwalk D. General Ewel K. General Sickles D. Turf Suites K. Detention Barns D. Cotton Bowl D. Anchor of USS Arizona D. Martin Luther King Memorial E. Sawmill Geyser L. Beehive Geyser E. Compressor House E. Pad A L. LC 14 - Mercury/Atlas Gemini Atlas/Agena E. MTA D Line E. General Howard L. General Sykes E. Mile Chute E. The Texas Star E. Fairy Dock E. Jefferson Memorial Parade Roller Coaster F. Liberty Pool M. Plume Geyser F. Rushmore Amphitheater F. LC 41 - Viking M. LC 13 - Atlas/Agena F. MTA F Line F. Town of Gettysburg F. Grandstand F. Big Tex’s Barn Yard F. Pearl Harbor Museum F. The White House accessible to the public. 000 visitors. Cars Air plane INFRASTRUCTURE .24 CAPE CANAVERAL FL Year Round 1,325 ac 1959 1,200,000 G. Castle Geyser N. Anemone Geyser G. Borglum View Terrace G. AFS Skid Strip N. LC 12 - Atlas Agena G.MTA N Line G. General Robert E. Lee G. Jockey Club Suites G. Carousel G. Washington Monument Infrastructures are objects or collections of objects that serve the public. Source: nps.gov H. Capitol Building They are operational with respect to regional or federal institutions and .25 VERY LARGE ARRAY NM Year Round 250 ac. 1980 - are functionally efficient by nature. entire territories. Here, Jefferson's scheme was to impose a the heartland of the United States is to this day patterned with March 28, 1619: First african slaves brought to Jamestown January 1st, 1863: The Emancipation Proclamation is issued by .26 emerge: objects rendered colossal and monolithic, spread that we identify as Wonders. Significant in this case indicates a the rituals performed inside of them - we try to describe as HOOVER DAM NV Year Round 726 ft. (height) 1942 7,000,000 WONDER PROPERTIES throughout the “landscape” like pieces of tableware left after a blip in the plane that creates a draw or pull towards it; the precisely as possible, the rituals associated with these wonders. hierarchy of precise geometry over a considerable portion of miles and miles of Jefferson's grid. The edges of farms, roads, President Abraham Lincoln. Steinberg’s America dinner or like football team logos painted on the turf. Wonders of the presence of a draw defines the blip as a wonder. As such the Our research tries to understand how a certain ritual can turn North America, regardless of geographic context. and town centers retain the organizational character as those November 13th, 1620: Jordan Carver pens the first signature on STORAGE .27 ALCATRAZ ISLAND CA Year Round 22 ac. 1934 1,300,000 the Mayflower Compact. April 14th, 1865: During Act Three of Our American Cousin, Storages are collections of objects that exist simply to provide a place By Christina Rodriguez wonder is a point (a precise place in the grid) producing some a blip into a wonder and what formal or spatial characteristics whose existence, recognition, delimitation, and absorption were for something that could be taken out and used again or never removed .28 AMARG AZ Year Round 2,600 ac. 1946 2,060 Our drawing shows a collection of wonders, presented as a sort of attraction (does not matter what kind, only the scale of emerge from the framing of that ritual. The ritual of a sanctu- The surveying of that land was a multi-step process. First, the coincident. The effect is a remarkably even distribution of John Wilkes Booth fatally shoots President Abraham Lincoln. from this location. Unlike Infrastructure, these places do not support ACCESS FEE FREE ACCESS Modern World: its influence matters), a point activated by a direction, or draw. ary is dumbly defined as the unique program that is associated baseline and the principal meridian had to be established; The towns and urban centers. June 16th, 1636: Harvard becomes first university in North .29 AREA 51 NV Year Round 38,400 ac. 1950 - variety of objects placed on a surface. The wonders are the movement or activity beyond moving things in and out. Some are highly In 1979, Saul Steinberg realized a drawing that depicted the view The relation of the blip to the plane does not seem to rely on with its formal organization. The ritual is normally related to a baseline runs east-west and the principal meridian, north- America. October 18th, 1867: The United States Senate acquires territory .40 .24 .01 .02 .03 individual pieces of the collage thats makes up the American protected while others are not guarded at all. .14 .16 .17 .18 of the world from Manhattan’s 9th avenue for a cover of The south. Parallel to the baseline, lines would drawn with a spacing This Enlightenment-derived organizational system can be here of Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million dollars. .30 CITIES OF THE DEAD LA Year Round - 1789 - .03 .07 .09 .11 .43 .27 .04 .05 .06.07 .08 collective memory. They are placed according to their true America geographic proximity. The scale of the plane indeed is colossal specific series of events happening at specific places that later .19 .21 .23 .25 New Yorker. The drawing, almost a Renaissance perspective, September 8th, 1664: Duke of York purchases New Amsterdam .13 .14 .16 .17 .19 INDOOR .09 .10 .11 .12 .13 .15 location, though it is an approximation, and are stand-alones. and blips are anyhow condemned to be far from anything else. define the movements that try to re-enact the original happen- of 24 - 30 miles; the same operation would occur with the prime seen, in fact, to produce incredibly varied results depending on .20 .22 .26 .28* .32 .39 .45 .47 OUTDOOR takes the viewpoint of the European. Steinberg sees the United for the Dutch and renames colony New York. December 10th, 1884: Mark Twain publishes The Adventures of .31 MICKELSEN SAFEGUARD ND Year Round - 1975 - .21 .22 .23 .32 .41 INDOOR The field is unevenly covered; it exhibits emptiness. As a whole, By Hannah Hortick Unlike in other areas of the world, in America wonders can be ing and consequently the previously unrecognized shape of the meridian line. The spacings differed as per survey, when the bounding size of the site organized. That is, where the grid is OUTDOOR .30 .34 .37 .42 Huckleberry Finn. .18 .24 .25 .28 .29 States from the east to the west, as a European immigrant would however, it is a finished composition. placed with no relation to cities, scattered atop the industrial- Sanctuary. It is this type of careful distinction between aspects conducted at different times. For instance, Ohio was conformed deployed effects how the grid is employed, and what the grid .32 CONEY ISLAND NY April - October 442 ac. 1829 400,000 STATE PARK .01 .02 .04 .05 .33 .35 .36 .38 .41 .44 .48 .49 Spring 1692: A group of young women from Salem Village, SANCTUARIES PLACES OF .30 .31 .33 .34 .35 .36 .46 .50** see it. It is a nearsighted linear perspective, with the American ized landscape at random. These basically isolated wonders on of each wonder that fueled the categorization process and to a 30 mile spacing, while later surveys in Missouri deployed a does. Primarily, it is an issue of scale. Where in New York City Sanctuaries are places modified .06 .08 .10 .12* .15 territory treated like a flat, abstract, expansive find, with far “Wonders of the Modern World” is an attempt to map the Massachusetts claim to be possessed by the devil. September 24th, 1906: Devils Tower is proclaimed first national .33 DAYTONA 500 FL February 23rd 447 ac. 1959 250,000 .37 .38 .39 .40 .42 It is important to note that the scale of the monuments is the other hand, still create a draw, a phenomenon that seems to allowed us to observe the wonders against each other as well as 24 mile spacing. Then, the survey would further subdivide the the grid intensifies density, in the great plains it does the in order to correspond to some ENTERTAINMENT NO ACCESS away–yet tangible–extents. Steinberg presents the American wonders of the world realized (or institutionalized) after the monument by President Theodore Roosevelt. Places of Entertainment are .20 .26 .27 .46 .49 .43 .44 .45 .47 arranged not by actual scale, but instead by a scale of emotion, or be specifically American: the unexplainable gigantic object their landscape. land, often initially into 6 mile by 6 mile townships. The newly opposite. The difference is, of course, that the island of Manhat- type of ritual or collective PARKS publication of Laugier’s Essai Sur L’Architecture in 1753, or the February 26th, 1717: Series of blizzards bury northeastern sanctuaries that exist for a purpose .34 GETTYSBURG REENACTMENT PA July 447 ac. 1995 300,000 NATIONAL PARK .48 .50 landscape as a huge chunk of real estate, massively over- a scale of collective significance. The monuments, in this regard, resonating in the extreme remoteness. American wonders seem established township would then be divided into 36 sections, tan has a clear border, that confines its grid. The Jeffersonian movement of its people. In the .31 United States October 1st, 1908: Henry Ford begins production of the Model T. that can not be defined as spiritual OTHER simplified, suitable only for the placements of objects atop its are not related evenly, for some can play a more vital role than birth of Modern Architecture. These wonders have been largely to be explicitly anti-metropolitan, even in the rare case in which In the end the project just tries to find a reason, or to find that each 1 mile by 1 mile. These sections were subdivided further grid was designed without limits, which allows us to see the opposite way of the colossal .29 INDOOR or belonging to any one group of .35 INDIANAPOLIS SPEEDWAY IN Year Round 559 ac. 1909 400,000 flat surface forgotten in the architectural debate of the last century and into quarter mile squares, that being the smallest scale with difference between a grid that generates the opportunity for objects, the built physical OUTDOOR others. For instance, the size of the Hollywood sign in California they are situated in cities. They are built as isolated objects, there is no reason for the seemingly random and frustratingly people. They are places where should be reconsidered. Our collection concentrates on the 1749: George Washington appointed to officially survey Culpep- October 28th, 1919: Congress pass National Prohibition Act aspects of sanctuaries are almost .36 KENTUCKY DERBY KY Year Round 80 ac. 1875 260,00 is more or less the same size as the Monument Valley, which we their immediate context does not matter. American cities can foreign plane adorned with blips that is America. which the federal government concerned itself. All smaller farms from the one that generates the opportunity for skyscrap- events are held, sometimes every United States of America and uses Fischer von Erlach’s per County, Virginia. prohibiting sale and production of alcohol. insignificant compared to the The drawing is organized as a series of divisions: 9th Avenue all know to be vastly untrue. The hand of the Statue of Liberty is be filled with architectural masterpieces, but these are not divisions and surveys were conducted privately. ers. Its relentless determination for regularity consumes day other times only annually. activities, environments, and .37 LAS VEGAS NV Year Round 2,688 ac. 1905 39,668,221 The diagram shows the wonders that are parks and the rest which aren’t. Manhattan shows an abundance of detail and activity, then ends notably the hugest thing in the field, and understandably so Entwurff Weiner Historischen Architektur, (1721) as a model American wonders as we are defining them (the Seagram would-be natural boundaries and forces geographical land- These places that are important not March 5th, 1770: British Army soldiers stationed in Boston kill October 29th, 1929: Black Tuesday stock markets collapse communities. Those that are parks can further be classifed as state or National parks. abruptly as the Hudson River divides it from “Jersey.” The rest of because of its incredible significance to the identity of the United for this type of exercise. As in Fischer’s work, our collection building is not an American wonder, Mount Rushmore is an 24 MILES marks to achieve their cultural significance by other means. only for tourists but for people who .38 MAGIC KINGDOM FL Year Round 107 ac. 1971 18,580,000 The diagram classifies wonders that require an access fee, and if they are Source: nps.org the United States is summed up by a total of four ambiguous States. selects wonders not based on a strict, scientific set of criteria. American wonder). five civilians and injure six others. starting the Great Depression. live in the area as well. indoor wonders or outdoor wonders. 6 MILES objects that appear to be natural rocks of monolithic proportion, Our project tries to uncover the specific relationship between .39 *tour bus access only MALL OF AMERICA MN Year Round 181 ac. 1992 40,000,000 November 28th, 1775: Thomas Paine publishes first edition of December 7th, 1941: Japan surprise attacks the United States **residential tours four cities, two states, and Washington DC. To the left and right While it is important to note that the scale of the wonders allude the American territory (the real estate bought by Jefferson and The documentation of the project includes five main compo- Jefferson’s America .40 MEMPHIS PYRAMID TN Year Round 322 ft. (height) 1991 - of all that is Mexico and Canada, seen as thin slivers in the frame. to a scale of emotional value, it is also a reflection of the scale of subdivided according to his grid) and the American wonder nents: one perspective including all of these fifty wonders as Common Sense. navy stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii sinking 18 ships By Stephen Adzemovic The remaining pieces of the drawing depicts some stretch of (the colossal statues, the infrastructure for rituals, the natural they are situated on the American plane; one table containing .41 TEXAS STATE FAIR TX September - October 256 ac. 1885 2,598,000 the overall United States. They are parallels: the wonders are white we understand to be the Atlantic Ocean, China, Japan, monolithic in paper and in real life, as if to compensate for the elements selected and inscribed in a precise mythology). Our all fifty wonders, with the size, the date of establishment, the A Brief History of July 4th, 1776: The Thomas Jefferson composed Declaration of June 22nd, 1944: G.I. Bill passed granting WWII veterans Independence is ratified. benefits, low-cost mortgages, and low-interest loans. .42 HOLLYWOOD BLVD. CA Year Round - 1958 1,000,000 Siberia, and nothing else aside from the heavens. It is the ginormous extents of the United States. process first selected, then documented fifty Wonders of the yearly attendance, the times of operation, the state in which Shortly after becoming independent, the United States European’s stunted view of the world from 9th Avenue, Manhat- Modern World existing in America and later developed a they are located, (the table also proposes a possible classifica- Federal Government took responsibility for the land settled PLACES OF .43 GRACELAND TN Year Round 13 ac. 1939 600,000 tan. Though at different degrees, the frame is evenly covered: a The drawing is the manifestation of the European’s strive to graphic representation of America, the never-ending, gridded tion for the wonders, which is discussed later); one series of outside the borders of the original thirteen colonies. As a way America October 19, 1781: Lieutenant General Cornwallis surrenders January 26th, 1956: Elvis Presley first TV appearance on CBS’s WORSHIP .34 .03 .04 .15 .16 European construction. make sense of the United States. The vast majority of the land- expanse dotted with colossal ideological datum. We tried to diagrams explaining relationships of the wonders based on the for the the new government to identify, survey, and distribute 8,000 troops at Yorktown, Virginia. Stage Show. .44 GROUND ZERO NY Year Round 16 ac. 2006 2,262,000 .03.07.09.11 .13 .33.35 .01 .02 .05 .06 discover what unites the flat, barely populated expanse of By David Ramis Places of Worship are sanctuaries .16 .17 .19 .18 .22 .32 .33 scape is not one that is meticulously groomed or developed, as it information in the table; one series of diagrams that describes the nominally unsettled land, in 1785 Thomas Jefferson .36 .37 .38 .07 .08 .09 .10 .11 .12 .39 .41 .45 Like Steinberg’s View from 9th Avenue, our drawing of the mechanized agriculture to its wonders. May 20th, 1785: The Land Ordinance of 1785 is adopted and November 22nd, 1963: John F. Kennedy shot and killed in Dallas that are associated with religion, .45 LAKEWOOD CHURCH TX Year Round 12 ac. 1959 - STATE .01 .02 .04 .05 .35 .37 .38 .39 .42 is in Europe, but left alone, unmeddled and undeveloped. The the ritual associated with the wonders (also discussed later); proposed The Public Land Survey System. Already, the .21 .23 .30 .32 .47 .14 .34 .13 .17 .19 .20 .21 .23 wonders of the United States is a field, orientated from the east establishes basis for the Public Land Survey System. Texas at 12:30 pm. tribute, or remembrance. Some are .06 .08.10 COMPANY DAILY .36 .41 sections of the land is recognizable only by the wonders, their and finally a series of texts of which this is one. majority of territory in the thirteen colonies had been subdi- May 4th, May 4th, 1493: Pope Alexander VI issues a papal bull .40 .42 .44 .48 SPECIAL NO SPECTACLE significant because they are the .46 PEARL HARBOR HI Year Round 11 ac. 1962 1,500,000 .12* .15 .14 .18 .43 OCCASION to the west. It is nearsighted in the sense that the view is limited scale, and their isolation. It is a territory that is blank otherwise. Our work focused primarily on recognizing Wonders and vided and recorded by the British system, Metes and Bounds, granting Spain all lands discovered towards the west and the AGENCY -ALLY .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 April 30th, 1789: George Washingtons takes the oath of office as December 11th, 1972: Apollo 17 the 6th and final manned lunar largest of a certain type of religious .24 .25 .28 .20.22.26 INDIVIDUAL to include only the United States – Canada and Mexico are only investigating their relation with the American landscape. The Our process of categorization is again not based on a strict set which used geographic context such as river beds, hills, tree south of the Azores and Cape Verde islands. .47 SALT LAKE TEMPLE UT Year Round 10 ac. 1893 1,856,200 .50 space. Others are significant .29 .31 .27 .46 PRIVATE .31 .40 .43 .44 .45 .46 an ambiguous patch with nothing to reference, Asia is off to the In sum, the drawing can be read as a drawing of a memory. A United States is not just a country, but a continent, extending of rules but is rather a tool for us to further explore this exer- lines and landmarks. The use of Metes and Bounds, then, the first president of the United States of America. landing. because of events that have taken .49 SPECTACLE .48 SALVATION MOUNTAIN CA Year Round 50 ft. (height) 1986 27,375 PUBLIC .47 .48 .49 .50 distance and just barely legible ( just Japan is present) and vague recollection of what can be remembered that focuses on over the entire land from the Atlantic to the Pacific. This size cise. First we separated the natural wonders from the presupposed that the specific qualities of the land demarcated September 29th: 1526: Spanish explorer Lucas Vazquez de place at a specific location. FEDERAL July 4th, 1803: President Thomas Jefferson purchases 828,000 May 18th, 1980: Mount St. Helens erupts. Europe is notably absent. The sole entities that are significant two outstanding things: the vastness and the wonders amidst it. defines a specific territory and influences the scalar relation- constructed wonders then focused primarily on the subcatego- could be first observed, notated, and henceforth absorbed Ayllon founds San Miguel de Gauldape, the first European square miles of land from France under the Louisiana Purchase. .49 WASHINGTON MALL DC Year Round 146 ac. 1790 25,000,000 here are the open flat field and the wonders. ship between this territory, its inhabitants and consequently ries of the constructed wonders. We separated the constructed into record and boundary. Of course, this presented problems With the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, Thomas Jefferson settlement in North America. the landmarks deposited onto this territory. In America, wonders into different categories based on the nature of their for the western land holdings of the United States, where the dramatically increased the size of the United States' territorial December 8th, 1991: The Cold War ends with the presidents of .50 GREATER WORLD EARTHSHIP NM Year Round 919 ac. 1998 200 Septmeber 3rd, 1814: Lawyer and amatuer poet Scott Key Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, signing the Belavezha Accords. The drawing is void of any natural geography. The state lines are wonders must, in order to retain their monumental status, draw (why specifically people are drawn to this location). For great majority of territories had never been seen, much less holdings, and with that, his system which started at the border July 19th, 1585: Roanoke Colony is founded on orders from reduced to a grid based on Jefferson’s original plan for the mirror the territory’s massive scale. example, wonders that draw for visual or aesthetic purposes geographically annotated. The solution: the Jeffersonian Grid. of Pennsylvania and Ohio continued onwards to the Rockies. Francis pens the Star Spangled Banner. The diagram shows the wonders that can be classified as publicly owned as The diagram shows the wonders that are spectacles versus those which are Queen Elizabeth I as England’s first attempt to establish a division of the land, a reflection of the United State’s disregard Sources: Geers, Kersten. “Everything and Nothing.” San Rocco: The Even Covering of can be wonders based on that fact alone, they are blips in the Jefferson, as president, initiated a payment of $15,000,000 for September, 11th, 2001: Al-Qaeda attack New York World Trade opposed to privately owned. Public and and Private wonders can further not. Spectacle Wonders can further be classified as those which occur daily, the Field 2 (2011): 124-29. Print. permanent colony in North America. for the European tactics on urbanism. All one sees is the flat Following this hypothesis, we can conceptualize America as a landscape that becomes monumental because of the draw to As a place organizing device, the grid was first used in North April 20th 1830: Thomas Cole paints Niagara Falls in Hudson Center 2,996 people killed. 2015 fall into sub categories and sub-sub categories. and those which occur occationally. Koolhaas, Rem. "Prehistory." Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for said territory, which breaks down to about $0.04 per acre. At 1753 1800 1900 2000 continental expanse: space available for economical exploitation plane dotted with blips. Every dot on the gridded plane of River school style. 45 *Navajo Tribal Park Manhattan. New York: Monacelli, 1994. 13-27. Print. witness it, or experience it visually. In the case of sanctuaries, America on relatively small scales by the Quakers in Philadel- that rate, the entire state of Illinois cost $1,482,624 and Wyo- August 18th, 1590: Roanoke Colony is found abandoned. 41 43 29 33 48 and romantic isolation, void of any collectively constructed America, anything that cannot be considered the plane itself, is June 29th, 2007: First Generation Iphone released in the United 30 49 32 36 13 22 47 37 35 16 20 19 27 17 26 28 42 24 46 14 15 38 31 21 25 23 18 40 39 34 50 44 (one subcategory of constructed wonders), the wonders do not phia, and later in New York, Savannah, and other colonial ming, $2,504,140. The naming and division of territory into January 24th, 1848: John W. Marshall discovers gold at Sutter’s States. landscape. In this flat, vast field we see a series of objects a blip. It is the significant blips in the overall landscape plane draw because of their natural beauty but instead they draw for cities, but as yet, had never been applied to the unseen, nor to quarter-mile squares was a relatively quick process, and as such, May 14th, 1607: The Virginia Company establishes Jamestown. Mill in Coloma, California. Modern World Begins