2.0 PRESEMT BSTUATIOM
Kandy is situated in central part of Sri Lanka, a valley with surrounding hills at 1,600 to 2,000 ft, range of mean sea level. It is the second largest city in this country and main town among the three districts Kandy, Matale, and Nuwara- Eliya in the Central Province. Kandy District is bounded north by Matale district, east by Badulla district, south by Nuwara- Eliya district, west by Kurunegala district, (see Fig. 2.1).The following are the main traffic attraction features in the city of Kandy.
(a) Kandy is the main administrative center for the Central Provincial Council and other administrative establishments and they are located in the city. (b) The Dalada Maligawa which is the most important place for Buddhists in Sri Lanka, four Devala and annual Dalada Perahera has given a prominent place to Kandy. This city has been identified and declared as one of the world heritage cities because of its unique and historical value.
(c) Situation of nearly 20 National boys and girls schools and several other Provincial schools, consisting to about 60,000 students and 3,000 teachers University of Peradeniya , largest university in Sri Lanka, with all the faculties namely Art, Science, Engineering, Medical, Agriculture and Advanced Technical Colleges make the city a major Educational Centre.
(d) Situation of General Hospitals and several Private Hospitals makes large contribution to the city traffic.
(e) Peradeniya Botanical Garden, International Playground at Asgiriya, Bogambara Stadium, Golf course at Digana adds value to Kandy.
(f) Kandy is famous for its traditional Arts and Crafts and exquisite work of art in gold, silver, brass and ivory. The tourism has become highly attracted due to above reasons and excellent scenic beauty in and around the city. There are several numbers of 3 - 5 Star Hotels too located in and around the Kandy city.
10 t--...... • \ • Fig. 2.1 2.1 ROAD NETWORK
The main trunk roads, which connect the Kandy City, are as follows and is shown in Fig. 2.2
Al - Colombo - Kandy Road. A5 - Kandy - Nuwara Eliya Road.(Peradeniya - Chenkaladi Road) A9 - Kandy - Jaffna Road. A10 - Kandy - Kurunegala Road. (Katugastota - Puttalam Road) A26 - Kandy - Mahiyangana Road. New Road - Kandy - Badulla (Via Randenigala) Road.
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u' «"rJ4 ^Boralanda p ,,-*B»p ^.yandala .^Talagala ', • C 80 \ t Boo*!.*. Etl* Fails i" y" i 1 1 '-7 Bogawamalawa • "fli ' ^rtf^ t Oiya'lalawa drf>^ ' sDewaT—.^gasdw^ ^ \ Pusseiia N Carney i v» —— _ . "Kahatuduwa Kinoeipmya Bikers F.l/s fJ,T^^r^^^C^ " ~' • ' • . *v ' -Conapoia ^ - \ Kuruwita ^le;__>-v. ' Maddena 7 ' 1 ' Wrdiyaopla ^ - ' T^-. Y K'alupahanar ^^>^^JF » t Gilimale ."" 10 N •P. 20 • Koslanda ^ as •^'•"''jBandaraga'ma ^O'ana OUR»(«K»NDI .. ;;. v.. ^JJP^- 1 o , VTBelihu1 l Oya ' GalleHa— • • rinnawala / / — . 'toUrnpniya : •" — _ Morahtn— J , , ' BRT'^RATNAPURA • { \ BINTENN ' ^'IIONAOUWA Govinna ^y* ewe I wan a - V- Imbuipe ..-"•!»•«»» Julia v k TifuwjnaKettya / Kehetienawa p p Afiguruwatota —. Rassagaia ^^150 —- . \ ^. • naaianda Ayagama Palawela \ • ; Gaipata, > N Mh ana .^^'"v* Kjnndt.E'ii Fills p :. ,Batangoda ci«»*>t j V d UD Ala vi UggaiKaitota AhithwtU A-ljoming page 20 - O'l' " JELMADULLA Ariinininn run* Ofl Ave. carriage Average Na me of the way shoulder Type of Road Reservation road Class width( m) width surfacing condition available Colombo - Kandy Asphalt Al 10.2 concreting Good Very limited Kandy - N'Eliya A5 6.6 Do Good Very limited Kandy - Jaffna A9 7.8 Do Good Very limited Improvement Kandy - Metalled & is being Kurunegala A10 7.6 tarred done Very limited Kandy- Asphalt Mahiyangana A26 7.3 — concreting Good Very limited Kandy - Metalled & Badulla A 7.8 tarred Good Very limited Table 2.1: Details of the main roads in Kandy Metropolitan Region The following rail tracks are also linked with the city, o Colombo - Kandy o Kandy - Badulla o Kandy - Matale Having considered the above inter - connection with other provinces, main cities and other towns, Kandy plays a role of transition center for all directions bound traffic by buses and rails. Also towns around the Kandy such as Gampola, K.-idugannawa, Wattegama, Talatuoya and Hanguranketha influence the Kandy city traffic. The major road pattern in the downtown consists with straight lines and rectangular coordinates. It is known as gridiron type and has some considerable traffic moving advantages. Also it encourages an even spread of traffic over the grid and as a consequence the impact at a particular location is reduced. 14 Scale 1:12,500 MOm. Fig. 2.3 15 2.2 LAND U8E DATA Kandy Municipal Council covers an area of 30 sq km bordering Peradeniya on Colombo - Kandy Rd, Katugastota on Kandy - Jaffna Rd, Talwatta on Kandy - Mahiyangana Rd 2nd km post on Kandy - Ampitiya Rd . Lewella bridge on Kandy Lewella Rd shown in Fig. 2.4 Data of Land use pattern of the Kandy Municipal area is given below (Table 2.2 ). This data is extracted from development plan for Kandy City 1995-2005 by Urban Development Authority. Nos. Use Extent % of total % of (Hectares) area Developed area 1. Residential 1054 42.0 71.0 2. Commercial 73 2.9 5.0 3. Industrial 12 0.5 0.8 4. Public area 68 2.7 4.6 5. Schools 53 2.1 3.5 6. Religious and Cultural 38 1.5 - 7. Road & Other Circulation 120 4.8 8.1 8. Parks 8s play Grounds 91 3.6 6.1 9. Cemeteries 13 0.5 0.9 10. Vacant Lands 163 6.6 - 11. Paddy Lands 98 3.9 - 12. Forest Reservation 381 15.0 - 13. Water Bodies 346 14.0 Total 2510 100.0 100.0 Source: DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR KANDY CITY - 1995-2005 By Urban Development Authorities Table 2.2 : Land use in Kandy Municipal area for 1995 Generally speaking half of the area is used for residential purposes. The land used for industrial areas are at a niinimal level. Hence it indicates that majority of traffic is generated due to residential needs. 16 2.3 POPULATION Population is a key factor for traffic generation. The information available according to the census taken in 1981 and 2001 is given below; Population Population density Area Yr1981 Yr 2001 Yr1981 Yr 2001 Kandy Municipal Area 97,872 110,049 3800 / km2 4300 / km2 Kandy District 1,048,317 1,272,463 554 / km2 664 / km2 Table 2.3 Population in KMC area Since 1981, population of Kandy district has increased from 1,048,317 to 1,272,463 for 20 years. It is 21.4% or 224,146. Whereas population growth in the Kandy Municipal Area is about 12% during the same period. In case of population density it has increased by 19.9% in the Kandy district and 13.2% in Kandy Municipal Area. When population the growth during the past 20 years period is compared the population growth of the Kandy Municipal area is very much less than the population growth in the Kandy district. Kandy Municipal Council Area belongs to Gangawata Korale divisional secretaries division and it's population in 2001 is 161, 395. A part of 65% of the divisional secretary division population is in Kandy Municipal Area. 18