DOCSLIB.ORG

Analogical Modeling: an Exemplar-Based Approach to Language"

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analogical Modeling: an Exemplar-Based Approach to Language <DOCINFO AUTHOR "" TITLE "Analogical Modeling: An exemplar-based approach to language" SUBJECT "HCP, Volume 10" KEYWORDS "" SIZE HEIGHT "220" WIDTH "150" VOFFSET "4"> Analogical Modeling human cognitive processing is a forum for interdisciplinary research on the nature and organization of the cognitive systems and processes involved in speaking and understanding natural language (including sign language), and their relationship to other domains of human cognition, including general conceptual or knowledge systems and processes (the language and thought issue), and other perceptual or behavioral systems such as vision and non- verbal behavior (e.g. gesture). ‘Cognition’ should be taken broadly, not only including the domain of rationality, but also dimensions such as emotion and the unconscious. The series is open to any type of approach to the above questions (methodologically and theoretically) and to research from any discipline, including (but not restricted to) different branches of psychology, artificial intelligence and computer science, cognitive anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and neuroscience. It takes a special interest in research crossing the boundaries of these disciplines. Editors Marcelo Dascal, Tel Aviv University Raymond W. Gibbs, University of California at Santa Cruz Jan Nuyts, University of Antwerp Editorial address Jan Nuyts, University of Antwerp, Dept. of Linguistics (GER), Universiteitsplein 1, B 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board Melissa Bowerman, Nijmegen; Wallace Chafe, Santa Barbara, CA; Philip R. Cohen, Portland, OR; Antonio Damasio, Iowa City, IA; Morton Ann Gernsbacher, Madison, WI; David McNeill, Chicago, IL; Eric Pederson, Eugene, OR; François Recanati, Paris; Sally Rice, Edmonton, Alberta; Benny Shanon, Jerusalem; Lokendra Shastri, Berkeley, CA; Dan Slobin, Berkeley, CA; Paul Thagard, Waterloo, Ontario Volume 10 Analogical Modeling: An exemplar-based approach to language Edited by Royal Skousen, Deryle Lonsdale and Dilworth B. Parkinson Analogical Modeling An exemplar-based approach to language Edited by Royal Skousen Deryle Lonsdale Dilworth B. Parkinson Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American 8 National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Analogical Modeling : An exemplar-based approach to language / edited by Royal Skousen, Deryle Lonsdale and Dilworth B.Parkinson. p.cm.(Human Cognitive Processing, issn 1387–6724 ; v.10) “Much of the Language, held at Brigham Young University on 22-24 March 2000” p.8. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. 1.Analogy (Linguistics) 2.Psycholinguistics.I.Skousen, Royal.II.Lonsdale, Deryle. III.Parkingson, Dilworth B.,1951- IV.Conference on Analogical Modeling of the Language (2000: Brigham Young University) V.Series. P299.A48 A53 2002 417´.7-dc21 2002028283 isbn 9027223629(Eur.)/1588113027 (US) (Hb; alk.paper) © 2002 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Co.· P.O.Box 36224 · 1020 me Amsterdam · The Netherlands John Benjamins North America · P.O. Box 27519 · Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 · usa Table of contents List of contributors ix Introduction 1 Royal Skousen I. The basics of Analogical Modeling Chapter 1 An overview of Analogical Modeling 11 Royal Skousen Chapter 2 Issues in Analogical Modeling 27 Royal Skousen II. Psycholinguistic evidence for Analogical Modeling Chapter 3 Skousen’s analogical approach as an exemplar-based model of categorization 51 Steve Chandler III. Applications to specific languages Chapter 4 Applying Analogical Modeling to the German plural 109 Douglas J. Wulf Chapter 5 Testing Analogical Modeling: The /k/∼Ø alternation in Turkish 123 C. Anton Rytting Table of contents IV. Comparing Analogical Modeling with TiMBL Chapter 6 A comparison of two analogical models: Tilburg Memory-Based Learner versus Analogical Modeling 141 David Eddington Chapter 7 A comparison of Analogical Modeling to Memory-Based Language Processing 157 Walter Daelemans Chapter 8 Analogical hierarchy: Exemplar-based modeling of linkers in Dutch noun-noun compounds 181 Andrea Krott, Robert Schreuder, and R. Harald Baayen V. Extending Analogical Modeling Chapter 9 Expanding k-NN analogy with instance families 209 AntalvandenBosch Chapter 10 Version spaces, neural networks, and Analogical Modeling 225 Mike Mudrow Chapter 11 Exemplar-driven analogy in Optimality Theory 265 James Myers Chapter 12 The hope for analogous categories 301 Christer Johansson Table of contents VI. Quantum computing and the exponential explosion Chapter 13 Analogical Modeling and quantum computing 319 Royal Skousen VII. Appendix Chapter 14 Data files for Analogical Modeling 349 Deryle Lonsdale Chapter 15 Running the Perl/C version of the Analogical Modeling program 365 Dilworth B. Parkinson Chapter 16 Implementing the Analogical Modeling algorithm 385 Theron Stanford Index 411 List of contributors R. Harald Baayen Deryle Lonsdale [email protected] [email protected] Associate Professor of Department of Linguistics General Linguistics and English Language University of Nijmegen Brigham Young University The Netherlands Provo, Utah, USA Steve Chandler Mike Mudrow [email protected] [email protected] Associate Professor of English Department of Languages University of Idaho and Philosophy Moscow, Idaho, USA Utah State University Logan, Utah, USA Walter Daelemans [email protected] James Myers Professor of [email protected] Computational Linguistics Graduate Institute of Linguistics University of Antwerp, Belgium National Chung Cheng University Taiwan, Republic of China David Eddington [email protected] Dilworth B. Parkinson Associate Professor of [email protected] Spanish Linguistics Professor of Arabic University of New Mexico Brigham Young University Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Provo, Utah, USA Christer Johansson C. Anton Rytting [email protected] [email protected] Associate Professor of Department of Linguistics Computational Linguistics Ohio State University University of Bergen, Norway Columbus, Ohio, USA Andrea Krott Robert Schreuder [email protected] [email protected] Department of Linguistics Professor of Psycholinguistics University of Alberta University of Nijmegen Edmonton, Alberta, Canada The Netherlands List of contributors Royal Skousen Antal van den Bosch [email protected] [email protected] Professor of Linguistics Faculty of Arts and English Language Tilburg University Brigham Young University The Netherlands Provo, Utah, USA Douglas J. Wulf Theron Stanford [email protected] [email protected] Department of Linguistics Department of Asian and University of Washington Near Eastern Languages Seattle, Washington, USA Brigham Young University Provo, Utah, USA Introduction Royal Skousen Competing models of language description Much of the debate in language description involves choosing between alterna- tive methods of describing language. A number of completely different systems for predicting language behavior have been developed in the past two decades. The original, traditional approach (actually centuries old) has been to devise specific rules. In such a declarative approach, rules are used to divide up the contex- tual space into distinct conditions and then to specify the corresponding behavior for each of those conditions. Such a traditional approach seems unavoidable for telling someone else how something behaves. Although rules may not actually be used by speakers in producing their own language, we still use rules to tell others how language works (even when describing the results of analogical modeling). In general, rule approaches form the basis for most descriptive systems, such as expert systems for doing medical diagnoses. The idea behind such medical systems is to specify for a given set of symptoms a corresponding disease or dysfunction. In contrast to declarative, rule-based approaches, there are two different kinds of procedural, non-rule systems that have been developed in the last part of the twentieth century: neural networks and exemplar-based systems. These procedu- ral approaches have no explicit statement of regularities. They use examples to set up a system of connections between possible predictive variables or they directly use the examples themselves to predict behavior. A procedural approach typically predicts behavior for only a given item. Generally speaking, directly accessible in- formation about what variables lead to the prediction is not available – thus, the non-declarative nature of these approaches. Neural networks had their beginnings in the middle of the twentieth century, but were then ignored for several decades until researchers realized that output nodes did not have to be directly predicted from input nodes. Hidden levels of nodes could be used to represent various levels of activation and thus learn vir- tually any kind of relationship between variables, providing certain possibilities Royal Skousen (such as back propagation) were allowed between levels of nodes. Although many of the kinds of connections between nodes seem impossible from a neurological point of view, the “neurological temptation” has been strong since the 1980s
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Automatic Writing and the Book of Mormon: an Update
    ARTICLES AND ESSAYS AUTOMATIC WRITING AND THE BOOK OF MORMON: AN UPDATE Brian C. Hales At a Church conference in 1831, Hyrum Smith invited his brother to explain how the Book of Mormon originated. Joseph declined, saying: “It was not intended to tell the world all the particulars of the coming forth of the Book of Mormon.”1 His pat answer—which he repeated on several occasions—was simply that it came “by the gift and power of God.”2 Attributing the Book of Mormon’s origin to supernatural forces has worked well for Joseph Smith’s believers, then as well as now, but not so well for critics who seem certain natural abilities were responsible. For over 180 years, several secular theories have been advanced as explanations.3 The more popular hypotheses include plagiarism (of the Solomon Spaulding manuscript),4 collaboration (with Oliver Cowdery, Sidney Rigdon, etc.),5 1. Donald Q. Cannon and Lyndon W. Cook, eds., Far West Record: Minutes of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1844 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1983), 23. 2. “Journal, 1835–1836,” in Journals, Volume. 1: 1832–1839, edited by Dean C. Jessee, Mark Ashurst-McGee, and Richard L. Jensen, vol. 1 of the Journals series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Dean C. Jessee, Ronald K. Esplin, and Richard Lyman Bushman (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2008), 89; “History of Joseph Smith,” Times and Seasons 5, Mar. 1, 1842, 707. 3. See Brian C. Hales, “Naturalistic Explanations of the Origin of the Book of Mormon: A Longitudinal Study,” BYU Studies 58, no.
    [Show full text]
  • Rules Vs. Analogy in English Past Tenses: a Computational/Experimental Study Adam Albrighta,*, Bruce Hayesb,*
    Cognition 90 (2003) 119–161 www.elsevier.com/locate/COGNIT Rules vs. analogy in English past tenses: a computational/experimental study Adam Albrighta,*, Bruce Hayesb,* aDepartment of Linguistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USA bDepartment of Linguistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1543, USA Received 7 December 2001; revised 11 November 2002; accepted 30 June 2003 Abstract Are morphological patterns learned in the form of rules? Some models deny this, attributing all morphology to analogical mechanisms. The dual mechanism model (Pinker, S., & Prince, A. (1998). On language and connectionism: analysis of a parallel distributed processing model of language acquisition. Cognition, 28, 73–193) posits that speakers do internalize rules, but that these rules are few and cover only regular processes; the remaining patterns are attributed to analogy. This article advocates a third approach, which uses multiple stochastic rules and no analogy. We propose a model that employs inductive learning to discover multiple rules, and assigns them confidence scores based on their performance in the lexicon. Our model is supported over the two alternatives by new “wug test” data on English past tenses, which show that participant ratings of novel pasts depend on the phonological shape of the stem, both for irregulars and, surprisingly, also for regulars. The latter observation cannot be explained under the dual mechanism approach, which derives all regulars with a single rule. To evaluate the alternative hypothesis that all morphology is analogical, we implemented a purely analogical model, which evaluates novel pasts based solely on their similarity to existing verbs.
    [Show full text]
  • Analogy in Grammar: Form and Acquisition
    Analogy in Grammar: Form and Acquisition Department of Linguistics Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig, $$ –$% September $##& Workshop programme Friday, September 22 W I ": –": Jim Blevins (Cambridge) & Juliette Blevins ( <=;-:A6 ) A L C T V ": –: Andrew Garrett (Berkeley) Paradigmatic heterogeneity : –: : –: Andrew Wedel (Arizona) Multi-level selection and the tension between phonological and morphological regularity : –: Greg Stump & Rafael Finkel (Kentucky) Principal parts and degrees of paradigmatic transparency : –: Moderated discussion: Juliette Blevins ( <=;-:A6 ) : –: A S G : –: Keith Johnson (Berkeley) Analogy as exemplar resonance: Extension of a view of sensory memory to higher linguistic categories : –: John Goldsmith (Chicago) Learning morphological patterns in language : –: : –: Susanne Gahl (Chicago) The sound of syntax: Probabilities and structure in pronunciation variation : – : Farrell Ackerman ( @8?9 ), Sharon Rose ( @8?9 ) & Rob Malouf ( ?9?@ ) Patterns of relatedness in complex morphological systems : –!: Moderated discussion: Colin Bannard ( <=;-:A6 ) ": – B Saturday, September 23 A L A ": –": LouAnn Gerken (Arizona) Linguistic generalization by human infants ": –: Andrea Krott (Birmingham) Banana shoes and bear tables: Children’s processing and interpretation of noun-noun compounds : –: : –: Mike Tomasello ( - ) Analogy in the acquisition of constructions : –: Rens Bod (St. Andrews) Acquisition of syntax by analogy: Computation of new utterances out
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITAE Royal Skousen Royal Skousen
    1 CURRICULUM VITAE Royal Skousen Fundamental Scholarly Discoveries and Academic Accomplishments listed in an addendum first placed online in 2014 plus an additional statement regarding the Book of Mormon Critical Text Project from November 2014 through December 2018 13 May 2020 O in 2017-2020 in progress Royal Skousen Professor of Linguistics and English Language 4037 JFSB Brigham Young University Provo, Utah 84602 [email protected] 801-422-3482 (office, with phone mail) 801-422-0906 (fax) personal born 5 August 1945 in Cleveland, Ohio married to Sirkku Unelma Härkönen, 24 June 1968 7 children 2 education 1963 graduated from Sunset High School, Beaverton, Oregon 1969 BA (major in English, minor in mathematics), Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1971 MA (linguistics), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 1972 PhD (linguistics), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois teaching positions 1970-1972 instructor of the introductory and advanced graduate courses in mathematical linguistics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 1972-1979 assistant professor of linguistics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 1979-1981 assistant professor of English and linguistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1981-1986 associate professor of English and linguistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1986-2001 professor of English and linguistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah O 2001-2018 professor of linguistics and English language, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 2007-2010 associate chair,
    [Show full text]
  • Significant Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon: the First Printed Edition Compared to the Manuscripts and to the Subsequent Major LDS English Printed Editions
    BYU Studies Quarterly Volume 53 | Issue 1 Article 17 1-1-2014 Significant Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon: The irsF t Printed Edition Compared to the Manuscripts and to the Subsequent Major LDS English Printed Editions John S. Dinger Royal Skousen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq Recommended Citation Dinger, John S. and Skousen, Royal (2014) "Significant Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon: The irF st Printed Edition Compared to the Manuscripts and to the Subsequent Major LDS English Printed Editions," BYU Studies Quarterly: Vol. 53 : Iss. 1 , Article 17. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq/vol53/iss1/17 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the All Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Studies Quarterly by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Dinger and Skousen: Significant Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon: The First Prin John S. Dinger, ed. Significant Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon: The First Printed Edition Compared to the Manuscripts and to the Subsequent Major LDS English Printed Editions. Salt Lake City: Smith-Pettit Foundation, 2013. Reviewed by Royal Skousen John Dinger’s Critical Text Publication On July 11, 2013, I was surprised to get an email from a Community of Christ colleague informing me that the Smith-Pettit Foundation was publishing John S. Dinger’s Significant Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon: The First Printed Edition Compared to the Manuscripts and to the Subsequent Major LDS English Printed Editions and that there was to be a book signing on July 18, 2013, at Benchmark Books in Salt Lake City.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mormon Challenge
    1 The Mormon Challenge A presentation of the other side of Mormonism using LDS-approved sources 2 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................4 Sources ................................................................................................................................4 PART ONE: THE SCRIPTURES ....................................................................................5 The Book of Mormon.........................................................................................................5 Joseph Smith Sr. and the Tree of Life ............................................................................................................. 5 Ancient Evangelists ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Joseph’s Ability ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Possible Flaws Ch. 1 – Conviction and Moroni’s Promise ........................................................................... 11 Ch. 2 – A Precise Text .................................................................................................................................. 19 Ch. 3 – Testing the Book of Mormon with the Bible .................................................................................... 22 Ch. 4 – The Reality of the Law of
    [Show full text]
  • Integrating Textual Criticism in the Study of Early Mormon Texts and History
    Intermountain West Journal of Religious Studies Volume 10 Number 1 Fall 2019 Article 6 2019 Returning to the Sources: Integrating Textual Criticism in the Study of Early Mormon Texts and History Colby Townsend Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/imwjournal Recommended Citation Townsend, Colby "Returning to the Sources: Integrating Textual Criticism in the Study of Early Mormon Texts and History." Intermountain West Journal of Religious Studies 10, no. 1 (2019): 58-85. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/imwjournal/vol10/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Intermountain West Journal of Religious Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TOWNSEND: RETURNING TO THE SOURCES 1 Colby Townsend {[email protected]} is currently applying to PhD programs in early American literature and religion. He completed an MA in History at Utah State University under the direction of Dr. Philip Barlow. He previously received two HBA degrees at the University of Utah in 2016, one in compartibe Literary and Culture Studies with an emphasis in religion and culture, and the other in Religious Studies—of the latter, his thesis was awarded the marriot Library Honors Thesis Award and is being revised for publication, Eden in the Book of Mormon: Appropriation and Retelling of Genesis 2-4 (Kofford, forthcoming). 59 INTERMOUNTAIN WEST JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES Colby Townsend† Returning to the Sources: Integrating Textual Criticism in the Study of Early Mormon Texts and History As historians engage with literary texts, they should ask a few important questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Dieter Wanner's the Power of Analogy: an Essay on Historical Linguistics
    Portland State University PDXScholar World Languages and Literatures Faculty Publications and Presentations World Languages and Literatures 2007 Review of Dieter Wanner's The Power of Analogy: An Essay on Historical Linguistics Eva Nuń ez-Mẽ ndeź Portland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/wll_fac Part of the Comparative and Historical Linguistics Commons, and the First and Second Language Acquisition Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Núñez-Méndez, Eva. "Review of Dieter Wanner's The Power of Analogy: An Essay on Historical Linguistics," Linguistica e Filologia, 25 (2007), p. 266-267. This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in World Languages and Literatures Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Linguistica e Filologia 25 (2007) WANNER, Dieter, The Power of Analogy: An Essay on Historical Lin- guistics, Mouton de Gruyter, New York 2006, pp. xiv + 330, ISBN 978- 3-11-018873-8. Following the division predicated in the Saussurean dichotomy between synchrony and diachrony, this book starts by arguing that this antinomy between the formal and the historical should be relegated to the periphery. Combining diachronic with synchronic linguistic thought, Wanner proposes two adoptions: first, a restricted theoretical base in the form of Concrete Minimalism, and second analogical assimilations as formulated in Analogical Modeling. These two perspectives provide the basis for redirecting the theory in a cognitive direction and focus on the shape of linguistics material and the impact of the historical components of language.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Journal
    Advisory Board Noel B. Reynolds, chair Grant Anderson James P. Bell Donna Lee Bowen Involving Readers Douglas M. Chabries Neal Kramer in the Latter-day Saint John M. Murphy Academic Experience Editor in Chief John W. Welch Church History Board Richard Bennett, chair 19th-century history Brian Q. Cannon 20th-century history Kathryn Daynes 19th-century history Gerrit J. Dirkmaat Joseph Smith, 19th-century Mormonism Steven C. Harper documents Frederick G. Williams cultural history Liberal Arts and Sciences Board Barry R. Bickmore, chair geochemistry Justin Dyer family science, family and religion Daryl Hague Spanish and Portuguese Susan Howe English, poetry, drama Steven C. Walker Christian literature Reviews Board Gerrit van Dyk, chair Church history Trevor Alvord new media Herman du Toit art, museums Specialists Casualene Meyer poetry editor Thomas R. Wells photography editor Ashlee Whitaker cover art editor STUDIES QUARTERLY BYU Vol. 57 • No. 3 • 2018 ARTICLES 4 From the Editor 7 Reclaiming Reality: Doctoring and Discipleship in a Hyperconnected Age Tyler Johnson 39 Understanding the Abrahamic Covenant through the Book of Mormon Noel B. Reynolds 81 The Language of the Original Text of the Book of Mormon Royal Skousen 111 Joseph Smith’s Iowa Quest for Legal Assistance: His Letters to Edward Johnstone and Others on Sunday, June 23, 1844 John W. Welch 143 Martin Harris Comes to Utah, 1870 Susan Easton Black and Larry C. Porter ESSAY 75 Wandering On to Glory Patrick Moran POETRY 80 Anaranjado John Alba Cutler 165 “Why Are Your Kids Late to School Today?” Lisa Martin BOOK REVIEWS 166 Saints at Devil’s Gate: Landscapes along the Mormon Trail by Laura Allred Hurtado and Bryon C.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 10 Analogy Behrens Final
    To appear in: Marianne Hundt, Sandra Mollin and Simone Pfenninger (eds.) (2016). The Changing English Language: Psycholinguistic Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10 The role of analogy in language acquisition Heike Behrens1 10.1 Introduction AnalogiCal reasoning is a powerful processing meChanism that allows us to disCover similarities, form Categories and extend them to new Categories. SinCe similarities Can be detected at the concrete and the relational levels, analogy is in principle unbounded. The possibility of multiple mapping makes analogy a very powerful meChanism, but leads to the problem that it is hard to prediCt whiCh analogies will aCtually be drawn. This indeterminaCy results in the faCt that analogy is often invoked as an explanandum in many studies in linguistiCs, language acquisition, and the study of language change, but that the underlying proCesses are hardly ever explained. When cheCking the index of current textbooks on cognitive linguistics and language acquisition, the keyword “analogy” is almost Completely absent, and the concept is typiCally evoked ad hoc to explain a Certain phenomenon. In Contrast, in work on language Change, different types of analogical change have been identified and have beCome teChniCal terms to refer to speCifiC phenomena, such as analogical levelling when irregular forms beCome regularized or analogical extension when new items beCome part of a Category (see Bybee 2010: 66-69, for a historiCal review of the use of the term in language Change and grammatiCalization see Traugott & Trousdale 2014: 37-38). In this paper, I will discuss the possible effects of analogical reasoning for linguistic Category formation from an emergentist and usage-based perspeCtive, and then characterize the interaction of different processes of analogical reasoning in language development, with a speCial foCus on regular/irregular morphology and argument structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Paradigm Uniformity and Analogy: the Capitalistic Versus Militaristic Debate1
    International Journal of IJES English Studies UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA www.um.es/ijes Paradigm Uniformity and Analogy: 1 The Capitalistic versus Militaristic Debate * DAVID EDDINGTON Brigham Young University ABSTRACT In American English, /t/ in capitalistic is generally flapped while in militaristic it is not due to the influence of capi[ɾ]al and mili[tʰ]ary. This is called Paradigm Uniformity or PU (Steriade, 2000). Riehl (2003) presents evidence to refute PU which when reanalyzed supports PU. PU is thought to work in tandem with a rule of allophonic distribution, the nature of which is debated. An approach is suggested that eliminates the need for the rule versus PU dichotomy; allophonic distribution is carried out by analogy to stored items in the mental lexicon. Therefore, the influence of the pronunciation of capital on capitalistic is determined in the same way as the pronunciation of /t/ in monomorphemic words such as Mediterranean is. A number of analogical computer simulations provide evidence to support this notion. KEYWORDS: analogy, flapping, tapping, American English, phoneme /t/, Analogical Modeling of Language, allophonic distribution, Paradigm Uniformity. * Address for correspondence: David Eddington. Brigham Young University. Department of Linguistics and English Language. 4064 JFSB. Provo, UT 84602. Phone: (801) 422-7452. Fax: (801) 422-0906. e-mail: [email protected] © Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia. All rights reserved. IJES, vol. 6 (2), 2006, pp. 1-18 2 David Eddington I. INTRODUCTION In traditional approaches to phonology, all surface forms are generated from abstract underlying forms. However, the pre-generative idea that surface forms can influence other surface forms, (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Case Grammar
    The evolution of case grammar Remi van Trijp language Computational Models of Language science press Evolution 4 Computational Models of Language Evolution Editors: Luc Steels, Remi van Trijp In this series: 1. Steels, Luc. The Talking Heads Experiment: Origins of words and meanings. 2. Vogt, Paul. How mobile robots can self-organize a vocabulary. 3. Bleys, Joris. Language strategies for the domain of colour. 4. van Trijp, Remi. The evolution of case grammar. 5. Spranger, Michael. The evolution of grounded spatial language. ISSN: 2364-7809 The evolution of case grammar Remi van Trijp language science press Remi van Trijp. 2017. The evolution of case grammar (Computational Models of Language Evolution 4). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/52 © 2017, Remi van Trijp Published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence (CC BY 4.0): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ISBN: 978-3-944675-45-9 (Digital) 978-3-944675-84-8 (Hardcover) 978-3-944675-85-5 (Softcover) ISSN: 2364-7809 DOI:10.17169/langsci.b52.182 Cover and concept of design: Ulrike Harbort Typesetting: Sebastian Nordhoff, Felix Kopecky, Remi van Trijp Proofreading: Benjamin Brosig, Marijana Janjic, Felix Kopecky Fonts: Linux Libertine, Arimo, DejaVu Sans Mono Typesetting software:Ǝ X LATEX Language Science Press Habelschwerdter Allee 45 14195 Berlin, Germany langsci-press.org Storage and cataloguing done by FU Berlin Language Science Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
    [Show full text]