Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series

Volume 16 Number 4 Article 1

9-1972

Contributions to the study of the genus : II. Notes concerning the type specimens and descriptions of the species

H. Keith Harrison Weber State College, Ogden, Utah

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Science Bulletin ''ffi 21973

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE GENUS ERIASTRUM

II. Notes concerning the type specimens and descriptions of the species

by

H. Keith Harrison

BIOLOGICAL SERIES — VOLUME 16, NUMBER 4

SEPTEMBER 1972 .

BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN BIOLOGICAL SERIES

Editor: Stanley L. Welsli, Department of Botany, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

Members of the Editorial Board:

Vernon J. Tipton, Zoology Ferron L. Anderson, Zoology Joseph R. Murdock, Botany Wilnier W. Tanner, Zoology

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Science Bulletin

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE GENUS ERIASTRUM

II. Notes concerning the type specimens and descriptions of the species

by

H. Keith Harrison

BIOLOGICAL SERIES — VOLUME 16, NUMBER 4

SEPTEMBER 1972 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

TAXONOMY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 25

LITERATURE CITED 26 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE GENUS ERIASTRUM

II. Notes concerning the type specimens and descriptions of the species

by

H. Keith Harrison^

ABSTRACT

The species of the genus Eriastnim are cussions with regard to the type specimens or described. Keys to the species and subspecies lectotypes and interspecific relationships are and the geographic ranges are provided. Dis- presented.

INTRODUCTION

The species of the genus Eriastnim are close- 1945), and as a later work (Harrison 1959) is ly related; and the range of variation found in not generally available, it seems desirable to one species in branching, the lobing of the include the information as to the type speci- leaves, vesture, etc., overlaps that found in other mens and synonomy for all the species, together species to a considerable degree. The species as with the additions and discussions by the author. thev are now generally known were described bv It is understood that the first elements to be

Mason ( 1945 ) . At that time, it was noted that found of a new species may represent either the the proportions and size of the corolla and norm or one extreme in the variation of the were important in identification of the species. At a later time, other may be plants. Further study (Harrison 1959, 1968) collected which cause the investigator to create introduced new methods, emphasized the im- a name for a subspecies, thereby segregating portance of the relative size and proportions of certain specimens as being closely related to the corolla and androecium, and elucidated the (but still distinct from) the type upon which nature of these characteristics. the species is based. The fonnation of a sub- During the investigation of the species of specific category for the new element then ne-

Eriastnim (Harrison 1959), it was found that cessitates, according to the International Code the type specimen for one of the species had of Botanical Nomenclature (Article 25) and not been published and that other problems logic, the establishment of another subspecies to concerning types and lectotypes require some include only those plants most representative of discussion. Inasmuch as nearly three decades the type—one could otherwise make no distinc- have pa.ssed since the first major paper on the tion between the type subspecies and speci- species of Eriastnim was published (Mason mens identified only to the species level.

TAXONOMY

Eriastnim Wooton and Standlev 22:71, nom. cons. Eriastrtim Wooton and Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16:160. Hugelia Bentham, Bot. Reg. 19: under pi. 1622, 1913, Gilia and Navarretia of authors, in part. 18.33, not Huegelia Reichenbach, Consp. 144. 1828. Wehvitschia Reichenbach, Handb. 194. Erect, or spreading and erect, annuals or 1837, not Welwitschia Hooker, Card. Chron. perennials, virgately, racemosely, corymbosely,

'WcbiT State College, Ogden, Utah -

2 Bricham Young UNivEHsiTi- Science Bulletin diffusely, or paniculately branched; herbage verform, regular or irregular; stamens ecjually subglabrate to densely floccose; leaves linear, en- inserted at the base of the throat, on the throat tire or pinnately lobed; bracteate floral heads, or just below the sinuses, equal, subequal, or few or numerous, few- to many-flowered, rarely distinctly unequal; anthers sagittate, versatile; solitary, lightly floccose to densely so with capsule ellipsoid, three-loculed, few-seeded; arachnoid wool; calyx lobes unequal, joined seeds mucilaginous. along the lower two-thirds of their length by a Type species: E. filifolium (Nutt.) Woot. hyaline margin; corollas blue, yellow or white, & Standi. sometimes cream, rarely pink, funnelform to sal- Range: Western North America.

Key to the Species

A. Plants perennial, woody, branching from the base; stamens inserted at the sinus

1. E. densifolium

AA. Plants annual, herbaceous, branching from the base or above; stamens inserted at the sinus or below. B. Corolla 15.0 to 23.0 mm long. C. Stamens inserted at the sinus; corolla salverform, or very narrowly funnelform — 2. E. phdriflonim

CC. Stamens inserted at the base of the throat; corolla funnelform.

D. Corolla bilabiate, or irregular to obscurely so; stamens distinctlv unequal, fila- ments often oriented toward lower lip, and anthers turned toward upper lip, lavender blue; desert areas 6. E. erernicuni

DD. Corolla regular, or very nearly so; stamens usually equal, filaments not oriented toward one side of corolla, bright blue; Monterey County 3. E. virgatiim

BB. Corolla 5.0 to 15.0 mm long. C. Stamens 5.0 to 10.0 mm long, nearly equalling or exceeding tips of the corolla lobes; anthers (restored)" 2.0 to 3.0 mm long. D. Corolla bright golden yellow, 8.0 mm long, regular to very slightly irregular; Monterey, San Luis Obispo counties 4. E. luteitm

DD. Corolla bright sapphire blue, ca. 1.0 to 1.5 cm long, distinctlv irregular to ob- scurely so; southern California to Baja, 1000 ft to 9000 ft 5. E. sapphirinum

CC. Stamens less than 5.0 mm long, not equalling or exceeding tips of corolla lobes; an- thers (restored) not more than 2.0 mm long. D. Stamens equal; corolla lobes 1.0 mm broad, or less; corolla narrowly funnelform; throat expanding slightly or not at all. E. Filaments 2.5 to 3.0 mm long; floral heads distinctly "brushy" with tips of and calyx lobes conspicuous; ovary cylindric, three-times longer than wide 7. E. filifolium

EE. Filaments 1.5 mm or less; tips of bracts and calyx lobes not conspicuously prominent; ovary 1 to 1.5 times longer than wide. F. Corolla 7.0 to 11.0 mm long; plants 15.0 to 35.0 cm high. G. Leaves mostly 1.0 to 1.5 cm long and entire, or to 3.0 cm and with one pair of lateral lobes; foliage often remaining somewhat soft; throat expanding slightly 8. E. sparsiflorum

GO. Leaves mostly 1.5 to 2.5 cm long with one pair of lateral lobes, less commonly entire; foliage becoming rigid and brittle; throat not ex- panding. H. Corolla lobes 3.0 to 3.5 mm long and 1.0 mm bro;id

. . 11. E. hrandegeae

'The addition of a drop of 10 percent liquid detergent restores dried .intliors tn the size .it the time of dehiscence. Biological Series, Vol. 16, No. 4 The Genus Eriastrum 3

HH. Corolla lobes 2.5 mm long and 1.5 mm broad 12 E. traijci

FF. Corolla 5.0 to 8.0 mm long; plants to 15.0 cm high. G. Leaves, when present, 2.0 to 4.5 cm long, with one to three pair of lateral lobes to 1.0 cm or longer; floral heads many-flowered, very densely floccose, often found under Adenostoma chaparral or on ob- sidian rubble 13. E. ahramsii

GG. Leaves filiform, 0.5 to 2.5 cm long, entire or with one pair of lateral lobes 2.0 to 5.0 mm long; floral heads few-flowered, somewhat floc- cose, occurring in dry stream beds and on alkaline flats

_ 14. E. booveri

DD. Stamens unequal, corolla lobes 1.25 to 2.25 mm broad, corolla funnelform. E. Plants robust to 30.0 cm high, racemose, corymbose, or branched from the base; herbage floccose, often densely so; leaves 1.5 to 3.0 cm long, usually with one or two pair of lateral lobes; floral heads several-flowered 9. E. tuilcoxii

EE. Plants to 15.0 cm high, diffusely branched from the base; stem and leaves slender; herbage lightly floccose; leaves 1.0 to 2.5 cm, usually with one pair

of lateral lobes; floral heads few-flowered . 10 E. diffiistim

1. Eriastrum densijoUum (Benth. ) H. L. Mason, long; corolla broadly funnelform; found Madrono 8:73. 1945. at elevations below 1000 ft, San Luis Obispo to Santa Barbara County Perennial, woody subshrub to 75.0 cm high, . la. E. densifolium subsp. densijoUum branching from the base, erect, or spreading, then erect; secondary branches erect, appearing BB. Leaves with three to four pair of lateral below the dead persistent heads; herbage light lobes, rarely entire; intemodes 1.0 to green and hghtly floccose or subglabrate to dull 1.5 cm; axils most commonly naked or grey green and grey-canescent; stems leafy with spur-shoot ca. 1.0 cm long; corolla nar- short inconspicuous intemodes or sparingly rowly funnelform; found from 1500 ft leaved with intemodes to 4.0 cm long; leaves to 8000 ft, Monterey to Baja California, sessile, 1.0 to 5.0 cm long, pinna tely parted with Inyo County to Baja Califomia lb. one to five pair of lateral lobes or entire; leaf E. densijoUum subsp. austromontanum rachis 1.0 to 3.5 mm wide; axils naked or with a AA. Herbage floccose, lanate, or canescent; spur shoot or a canescent bud; heads terminal or leaves grey green. in a compact group; bracts as long as or far ex- ceeding heads, with one to four pair of lateral B. Well-developed spur-shoot often pinnae, less commonly entire; calyces 0.5 to 1.0 present in the axils; corolla ca. .30.0 cm long, densely floccose to canescent; lobes un- mm long; San Bernardino and equal, joined by a hyaline membrane; corolla Orange County region funnelform, regular, 1.5 to 3.0 cm long; lobes le. E. densijoUum subsp. sanctorum blue to lavender blue, elliptic to elliptic- BB. Short canescent buds often present spatulate, 0.5 to 1.5 cm long and to 5.0 mm in axils; corolla ca. 16.0 to 18.0 mm broad; stamens adnate to sinus, equal, 4.0 to 8.0 long. mm long; filaments 2.5 to 6.0 mm long; anthers C. Plants to 50.0 cm high; leaves 1.5 sagittate, versatile, 2.5 to 4.0 mm long; stigma to 4.0 cm long; leaf rachis to 1.5 1.0 to 1.75 mm long; ovary three-loculed, few- mm broad; Monterey to Baja Cali- seeded. fornia, Inyo County to Baja Cali- fomia Key to the Subspecies Ic. E. densijoUum subsp. elongatum A. Herbage lightly floccose, subglabrous, or CC. Plants 20,0 to 30.0 cm high; leaves glabrous; leaves light green. 1.0 to 2.0 cm long; leaf rachis 1.5 to B. Leaves entire or with one to two pair 3.5 mm broad; Kem, San Bernardi- of lateral lobes; intemodes very short; no, Los Angeles County region .. Id. spur-shoot in axils often 1.0 to 2.0 cm E. densijoUum subsp. mohavensis Brigham Young UNrvERsiTv Science Bulletin

Fig. 1. Eria.strum (Icii.sifoliiirn siilisp. dcnsifoliiim. ii. Habit. K. Harrison 250 VC, M141468. X 1.1. b. Habit. K. Harrison 250 US Ml 41460. X .6. Biological Series, Vol. 16, No. 4 The Genus Eria.strum

la. Eriastrtim densifolium (Benth. ) H. L. Ma- white or yellow; corolla to 2.5 cm long, broadly .son subsp. dcn.sifoUttm. funnel fonn; lobes to 1.1 cm long, elliptic to elliptic-spatulate, to 5 mm broad; throat plus Hugelia densifoUa Benth. Bot. Ree;. 19: tube to 1.25 cm long; tube puberulent; stamens under PI. 1622. 1833. adnate to sinus, 8.0 mm long; filaments 6.0 mm; Qilia huegelUi Steud., Norn. ed. 2, 1:683. anthere versatile sagittate, white, 3.5 mm long; 1840. stigma 1.25 mm long; style 1.5 cm long; ovary G. densijolUi Benth. in D.C. Prod. 9:311. three-loculed; locules approximately six-seeded. 1845. Navarretki densifoJia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Type: David Douglas in 1833. KEW. Photo- PI. 2:433. 1891. graph of type POM "188266; probable isotype N. densifoUa Brand in Engler, Pflanzen- UC 163785. "California." Probably San Luis reich IV, 250:165. 1907. Obispo County. Welwitscltia densifoUa Tidestroin, Contr. Range: San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara U.S. Herb. 25:429. 1925. counties, California. Hugelia densifoUa Benth. in Jepson, Man.

FI. PI. Calif. 792. 1925 in part. subsp. densifolium is alia densifoUa var. ft/pica (Benth.) a very distinct subspecies and is limited in its Craig. Bull. Torrey Club 61:390. 1934. geographic range to the coastal region, center- H. densifoUa Benth. in Jepson, FI. Calif. ing about San Luis Obispo. The large, broadly- 3:161-162. 1943 in part. spreading, funnelform corolla, the large heads, and the nearly glabrous, green, closely-set leaves Perennial, woody subshrub to 50 cm high; mark it as distinct. The closest affinities are major branching from the base, erect or spread- with E. densifolium subsp. austromontanum. ing, then ascending; secondary branches erect, appearing at various distances below the dead, persistent heads from the previous year; herbage lb. Eriastrum densifolium subsp. austromon- subglabrous or glabrate; stems leafy, stems may tanum (Craig) H. L. Mason, Madrono 8:74. be nearly hidden by the close-set leaves; inter- 1945. nodes very short; leaver light green, 2.0 to 4.0 Gilia densifoUa var. austromontana Craig, long, ascending, commonly entire or with cm Bull. Torrey Club 61:391. 1934. one or two (rarelv more) pair of short, lateral Huegelia densifoUa subsp. austromontana pinnae 2.0 to 8.0 long, usually set toward mm Ewan, Bull. Torrey Club 64:520. 1937. the basal portion of the leaf; the terminal lobe Huegelia densifoUa var. austromontana thus long ( rarely, the outer pair of pinnae may Jepson, FI. Calif. 3:162. 1943. branch from the midpoint of the leaf), subulate, awn-tipped; spur-shoots in the axils often well Woody-based perennial to 30 cm high, erect, developed, 1.0 to 2.0 cm long or longer, green; or spreading, then erect; secondary branches the floral heads are terminal, or a compact erect, axillary branches may be present; herbage group of heads may be formed; the terminal slightly floccose to subglabrous; stems leafy; heads themselves are composed of a few smaller intemodes 1.0 to 1.5 cm long, rarely to 2.5 cm; heads in a very compressed ap- leaves light green, 1.5 cm long to 3.5 cm, ascend- pearing as one structure; heads large, 2.0 to 4.0 ing usually with three to four pair of lateral cm in diameter and 1.5 to 2.5 cm in length, ex- pinnae, rarely entire, subulate-tipped; outer two cluding flowers; in full flower, the tight cluster to three pair of pinnae, sometimes nearly equal- of heads may make a mass of flowers 6.0 cm ly spaced; the terminal lobe thus short; axils across; bracts distinct to 2.0 cm long, exceeding without canescent buds, short spur shoots some- the calyces, with one or two pair of lateral pin- times present in the axil, or axil naked; floral nae set on the lower portion; the tenninal lobe heads commonly tenninal, heads small to medi- long, subulate, awn-tipped, lightly lanate to sub- um, 1.0 to 1.5 cm long (excluding flowers and glabrous, light green contrasting with the white tips of bracts), to 3.0 cm long (including tips), wool surrounding the calyces; calyx 1.0 cm long, 1.0 to 3.0 mm acro.ss (excluding tips of bracts), covered with a mass of persistent, tangled, white to 4.0 cm across (including tips), moderately trichomes, calyx cleft in subecjual lobes; lobes woolly; bracts numerous, well developed, 1.5 to united two-thirds of their length by a hvaline 3.0 cm long, exceeding the calyces by 1.0 to 2.0 membrane, which margins the lobes nearly to cm in length, with one to four pair of lateral their tips; corolla bright blue; throat and tube pinnae; pinnae sometimes short or exceeding 1.0

'Abbreviations are in accordance with I.aniouw and Stafleu. Index Hcrbannruni (19o4). Brigham Young Univehsity Science Bulletin cm in length; calyx 6.0 to 8.0 mm long, cleft occasionally to 1.0 cm long when three to four into .subequal lolx^, hyaline margin joining the pair of pinnae are present, the outer two to lobes into a tube nearly the length of calyx, three pair may be nearly equally spaced, mak- calyx lobes narrow; corolla blue, narrowly fnn- ing the terminal lobe short and comparable to nelfonn, 16 to IS mm, rarely to 2.3 mm long; the spacing between the outer pinnae; often lobes 5.0 to 7.0 mm long, elliptic to elliptic- many axils show weak development of short spatulate, 2.5 to 3.25 mm broad; tube plus throat canescent buds; short axillaiy branches with 9 to 12 mm long, tube puberulent; stamens small heads are often present in the upper por- adnate to sinus (or to 0.5 mm below sinus), 5.0 tion; the numerous heads may Ix" terminal, or to 6.0 mm long; filaments 3.0 to 4.0 mm long; the terminal branching may be racemose or anthers versatile, sagittate, white, 3.0 to 3.5 corymbose; heads small, 0.75 to 1.5 cm long, 1.0 mm long; stigma 1.0 mm long; ovary few-seeded. to 2.0 cm across (excluding tips of bracts), white-canescent; ? 0.75 to 1.5 cm long, oc- Type: P. A. Munz 8,341 POM 48414. Palo- casionally to 2.0 cm long, merely equalling to mar Mountains near Nellie, San Diego County, exceeding the calyces; bracts not always distinct, California. as they may be half-hidden by dense, canescent Range: Monterey County south to Baja Cali- wool; calyces completely hidden by dense wool, fornia and north to Inyo County, California, oc- cleft into subequal lobes, 5.0 to 7.5 mm long; curring from 1.500 ft to over 8000 ft, and general- lobes margined by a hyaline membrane uniting ly over 4000 ft. the lower two-thirds of the calyx, subulate- tipped; corolla bright blue or lavender blue; Eriastrum densifolhim subsp. austromon- veins may be marked by dark lavender blue, tanuin is closely related to the type subspecies. throat and tube white or yellow, 14 to 18 mm Similarities be noted in the branching may long, narrowly funnelform to salverform; lobes habits, the light green, lightly floccose or sub- to 7.0 mm long, elliptic to clliptic-spatulate, 2.0 glabrate leaves, in the short intemodes, in the to 3.0 mm broad; throat plus tube 8.0 mm to absence of canescent buds in the axils, and in 1.25 cm long, tube puberulent; stamens adnate the size of the heads. It differs in having more to sinus, 5.0 to 7.0 mm long; filaments 3.0 to 4.0 elaborately lobed leaves and bracts and in the mm long; anthers versatile, sagittate, white, 3.0 slightly smaller and more narrowlv funnelform to 3.5 mm long; stigma 1.0 mm long, style 1.25 flowers. cm long; ovarv three-loculed, locules few-seeded.

Type: David Douglas in 18.33, "California." Ic. Eriastrum derviijolium subsp. eloiif^atiiin KEW. Probably Monterey, San Benito, or San (Benth.) II. L. Ma.son, Madrono 8:73. Luis Obispo County. 1945. Range: San Benito County south to Baja Hugelia elongata Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: California and north to Inyo County, California. under PI. 1622. 1833. subsp. elongatum dif- Gilia elonoaia Steud., Norn. ed. 2, 1:683. Eriastrum densifolium 1840. fers from the type subspecies in having weakly NavarretUi iknisijolki subsp. elongata deveIo[X'd white-canescent buds in the axils in- Brand in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV, 250: stead of well-developed spur-shoots, and in hav- 165. 1907. ing lanate-canescent, grey-green herbage, par- G. dciViijoUa var. elongata (Benth.) Gray ticularly in the younger parts. ex. Brand, loc. cit. H. denmfoUa Benth. in Jepson, Fl. Calif. Id. Eriastrum densifolium subsp. mohavensis 3:161-162. 1943 in part. (Craig) II. L. Ma.son, Madrono 8:74. 1945.

Perennial to 50 cm high, branching from the Gilin densifolia var. mohavensis C>aig, spreading, secondary woody base, erect or iUilI. Torrey Club 61:392. 1934. branches erect; herbage canescent (particularly Hugelia densifolia var. moJmvensis Jep- in the upper younger region), usually remaining .son. Fl. Calif. 3: 162. 1943. canescent in age, occasionally subglabrous; inter- nodes 1.0 to 4.0 cm long; leaves grev green Perennial to 20 or 30 cm high, luncli ascending, 1.5 to 3.0 cm long, rarely to 4.0 cm branched, dead heads |X'rsisting from the previ- long, entire or pinnate, with one pair near the ous year, new branches arising below; stem in ba.se of the leaf to four pairs of short lateral older portions scaly and light CTeam-tan in color pinnae; pinnae commonly less than 5.0 mm long. as outer layers flake off; herbage, except the old Biological Series, Vol. 16, No. 4 The Genu.s Ehiasthum

•Stem, canescent-lanate; stem somewhat leafy, 2.5 cm long equalling or exceeding the heads; intemodes 1.0 cm long; leaves dull grey green, calyces 1.0 cm long, cleft into unequal lobes; 1.0 to 1.5 cm long, occasionally to 2.0 cm long, corolla lavender blue; throat and tube yellow; ascending or reflexed; leaf rachis 1.5 to 3.5 mm veins may be marked by deep lavender blue, broad, with one to four pair of very short lobes to .33.0 mm long, funnelform; lobes to 9.0 mm 2.0 to 3.0 mm long; lower ;ixils usually with long, elliptic to elliptic-spatulate, to 5.0 mm short canescent buds; heads few to numerous, to broad; throat plus tube to 25.0 mm in length, 200 in a 20.0 cm high, each branch produc- tube slightly puberulent; stamens adnate to ing several; heads small, ca. 1.0 cm long and 1.5 sinus or to 0.5 mm below, 6.5 to 8.0 mm long; cm broad, excluding flowers; Ijracts with one to filaments 4.5 to 5.5 mm long; anthers versatile, three pair of very short spinescent lobes or teeth sagittate, white, 4.0 mm long and to 2.0 mm or entire, canescent, often only the tip is visible; broad; stigma to 1.75 mm long, style 25 to calyces hidden by the dense mat of white wool; .30 mm long, ovary three-loculed, each approxi- calyx cleft into une(]ual lobes; lobes with a hya- mately five-seeded. line margin forming a tube and covered with a Type: H. M. Hall 683 and 17.3, UC 52454 dense mat of long trichomes; corolla light or and UC 2.3.521. Santa Ana River, Spanishtown lavender blue, 16 mm long, narrowly funnelfonn; Crossing above Riverside, California. lobes to 5.0 mm long, elliptic-spatulate and 2.0 mm broad, throat 2.0 mm long, tube 9.0 mm Range: Santa Ana River, San Bernardino long, tulx" puberulent; stamens 4.0 mm long, fila- and Orange counties, California. ments 2.5 mm long; anthers versatile, sagittate, Eriastrum densifolium subsp. sanctorum may 2.75 mm long; stigma 1.25 mm long, style 12 be recognized as a distinct subspecies by its mm long, locules few-seeded. long corolla. The large spur-shoots in the axils Type: T. Craig 1630. POM 1S212.3. Be- and the leafy stems suggest aspects of the type tween Rosamond and Mojave, Kem County, subspecies. The grey-green, densely woolly herb- California. age, the occasional heads with short bracts woolly axillary buds suggest a relation- Range: Mohave Desert; Kern, San Bernar- and the ship with E. densifolium subsp. elongdtum. dino, and Los Angeles counties, California.

Eriastrum densifoliuin subsp. mohavensis is (Heller) L. Mason, most closely related to E. densifoliuin subsp. 2. Eriastrum pluriflorum H. elonr^atum. The relationship may be noted by Madrono 8:75. 1945. dull, grey-green leaves, the small canescent the Annual, 2.0 to 30.0 cm high or more, simple- heads the short bracts. The fomier sub- and to densely-branched; herbage floccose to sub- species differs in its shorter stature, shorter inter- glabrous; leaves light green, to 5.0 cm long, nodes and in the broader, shorter leaves which entire or pinnately divided with one to five pair also be recurved. may of lateral lobes; heads bracteate, lanate; bracts 1.0 to 3.0 cm long, pinnately divided with one to subsp. sanctorum le. Emistntm den.sifoUum four pair of lobes; calyx 0.5 to 1.0 cm long; Madrono 8:75. (Milliken) H. L. Mason, corolla regular, 16.0 to 23.0 mm long, blue, 1945. or throat yellow, or tube and throat yellow; adnate to the sinus, equal or subequal; Giliii densifoUa var. sanctora (Milliken) stamens versatile; stigma 0.75 to 1.0 Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot, 2:.39. 1904. anthers sagittate, 16.0 long; ovary Hugelia densifolia var. sanctorum (Milli- mm long, style 11.0 to mm three-loculed, locules few-seeded. ken) Jep.son, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 792. 192.5. //. demifolia var. sanctorum (Milliken) Key to the Subspecies Jep.son, Fl. Calif. 3:162. 1943. A. Plants 2.0 to 30.0 cm high, lobes of the Woodv subshrub to 75 cm high; stems leafy; leaves to 2.0 cm long, corolla salverform or herbage canescent, usually remaining so; leaves very narrowly funnelfonn, lobffi elliptic 2.0 en- dull grey green, ascending, to 5.0 cm long, to 2.5 mm or occasionally to 3.0 mm broad; on tire or with one to three pair of lateral pinnae hills bordering the San Joaquin Valley the th(? lower portion of the leaf; spur-shoots in 2a. E. pluriflorum sub.sp. pluriflorum axils well developed and short branches com- high, lobes of the mon; heads terminal or upper branches AA. Plants 2.0 to 15.0 cm narrowly racemose-corymbose; heads woolly; bracts to leaves to 8.0 mm long, corolla BniGHAM Young University Science Bulletin

funnelform, tliroat expanding, corolla long; ovary three-loculed, approximately three- lobes broadly elliptic to 4.0 mm broad; seeded. Antelope Valley, Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties Lectotype: W. H. Brewer 1212. GH. Corral

. 2b. E. j)Iurif.lomm subsp. sherinan-lioijtac Hollow, Alameda ("ounty, California.

Range: West Central Califoniia, hills bor- 2a. Eriastrum pluriflorutn (Heller) H. L. Mason dering the San Joa(juin Valley from Contra subsp. pluriflorum. Costa County south to Santa Barbara County, Gilia virgata var. florihunda Gray, Proc. east to Fresno, Tulare and San Bernardino comi- Amer. Acad. 8:272. 1870. Not G. flori- ties, California. hunda Gray. The plants described by Gray as Gilia virgata G. phiriflora Heller. Muhlenbergia 2:113. var. florihunda were based upon California col- 1906. lections bv Fitch, Wallace, and Brewer (Gray Navarrctia virgata var. florihunda Brand 1870). Jepson (1943) felt that the collection by in Engler, Pflanzcnreich " IV, 250:168. Fitch, Ix^ing the first cited by Gray, could well 1907. be taken as the tvpe, and so indicated it. In the G. hrauntanii Jepson and Mason, Fl. Stinoptiral Flora' (1878, 1886), Gray listed the Econ. PI. Calif. 130. 1924. collection as Wallace, Brewer, and Palmer, omit- Hugelia hrauntonii Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. ting the Fitch collection. In the herbarium of the Calif. 793. 1925. University of California, there is a collection by H. phiriflora Ewan, Bull. Torrey Club W. H. Brewer 1212, June 3, 1862, taken while 64:520. 1937. he was engaged on the state survey, from Camp H. phiriflora (Heller) Ewan in Jepson, 72, Corral Hollow, Alameda County. California, Fl. Calif. 3:163. 1943 in part. that is inscribed by Jepson as the tvpe. In 1905, A. A. Heller found Gilia virgata var. florihunda Annual, 2.0 to 30.0 cm or more high, and to abundant on the dry hillsides near Sunset, Kern 50.0 cm in breadth; erect, unbranched, or vir- gate, racemose, or corymbose; branching above County, California, and listed two collections: 77.34 from Sunset and 7742 from Oil City. He or from the base; internodes 1.0 to 5.0 cm long; noted that the varietv sufficiently distinct herbage floccose to subglabrous; leaves light was from the species with which it as- green, to 5.0 cm long, subulate-tipped, pinnately had been sociated to warrant raising it to specific level. divided with three to five pair of lateral lobes, Since Gilia florihunda. Gray was already occu- rarely entire; lateral lobes to 2.0 cm long, spread- pied; he chose another name descriptive of the ing; floral heads variable from 1.0 to 4.0 cm numerous flowers, that of Giliu phiriflora. long, broad, lanate, conspicuously bracteate; The Heller collection 7734 subse(|uently taken to bracts 2.0 cm to 3.0 cm long (exceeding the was be the tvpe. and Sunset, Kern County, as the heads), with three to four pair of lateral lobes, type locality (Craig 1934). Heller based his lobes spreading slender, often to 1.0 cm long or species on Gilia virgata var. floril)iinda: and it is to 1.5 cm long, subulate-tipped; calyx 0.5 to 1.0 evident that he did not intend his collection to cm long, cleft into unequal lobes, joined bv the construed for explicit hyaline membrane; flowers numerous; corolla be as the type, he was whenever he referred to a tvpe (Heller 1906, regular 16.0 to 23.0 mm long, salverfonn or very narrowly fimnelfonn, far exceeding the heads; Ewan 1937). tube long and slender, ca. 1.0 to 1.25 mm in An isotype of Heller 7734 at UC is adecjuate, diameter; corolla bhie to lavender blue, or throat and the Heller 7742 (not mentioned in connec- vellow, or throat and tube yellow; veins of the tion with the type) is an excellent specimen. lobes often marked bv darker lines, tube pubeni- However, in accordance with custom, it is ap- lent; lobes 5.0 to 6.0 mm long and 2.0 to 2.5 mm propriate to refer to the Fitch, Wallace, or broad, occasionally to 3.0 mm broad; tube plus Brewer collection for the type. The Fitch col- throat 10.0 to 18.0 mm long; stiimens iidnate lection has no information ;is to where or when just below the sinus, 3.0 to 5.0 lum long, ec|ual it was collectic'd other than "C:alif. Fitch." The or subecjual, the longest ef)ualling the tip of the specimen is a fragment with very few flowers, corolla lobe or nearly so; the anther base of the which could be regarded as adec|uate were there shortest occasionally may be onlv 0.5 no other selections available. The Wallace col- mm above the sinus, filaments 1.5 to 4.0 mm lection is much better, with m;mv flowers; and long; anthers sagittate, versatile, white or vellow the locaticm is given as Tejon. The Brewer col- or purple, 2.5 mm long, 1.0 mm broad; stigma lection is satisfactory; adc

Habit, K. Harrison Fig. 2, F.riatrum virgatum, a. Habit. X 1.6. h. Corolla and stamens. X 2.3 c. Calyx, X 2.3. d. 237 UC Ml 41 467, X .6. Biological Series, Vol. 16, No. 4 The Genu.s Ehia.strum 11 the bracts; central mass usually 0.75 cm to 2.0 very slightly irregular, funnelform, 8.0 mm long, cm broad, few-flowered; bracts 1.0 to 2.5 cm bright golden yellow; lobes 3.5 mm long, often long exceeding the heads, usually with one pair obovate, 2.0 to 2.5 mm broad; throat 1.5 mm of lateral lobes; calyx lobes unequal, to 9.0 mm long, tube 3.0 mm long; stamens equalling or long, joined by a hyaline membrane, subulate- exceeding tips of corolla lobes, 5.0 to 5.5 mm tipped; corolla fuimelform, regular or yery near- long; filaments 3.5 to 4.5 mm long, anthers 2.0 ly so, 15.0 to 22.0 mm long, bright blue with to 2.25 mm long and 0.75 mm broad; stigma 0.5 yellow throat and tube; lobes 6.5 to 9.5 mm long mm long, style ca. 7.5 mm long; locules one-to and to 3.0 mm broad; throat plus tube 8.0 to 13.0 two-seeded. mm long; stamens e(jual or sul>equal, inserted Type: David Douglas in 1833. KEW. "Cali- 1.0 to 2.0 mm below the sinuses, rarely less, and fornia." Probably Monterey. San Luis Obispo extending to or nearly to the tip of the corolla County. lobe, 6.0' to 11.0 mm' long, filaments 5.0 to 9.5 mm long, anthers linear-sagittate, versatile 2.5 to Range: Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey 3.0 mm long and 0.5 to 1.0 mm broad; stigma and San Luis Obispo counties, California. 0.75 to 1.0 mm long, style approximately 15.0 The bright, golden-flowered species, E. nmi, oyary three-loculed, few-seeded. luteum. which is found somewhat infrequently, Type: Dayid Douglas in 1833. Photograph seems to be most closely related to E. viraatum. of type POM 188883; probable isotype UC The corolla form and proportion ;ind stamen 163784. "California." Probably Monterey County. size are approximately the same; the obovate Range: Monterey County, California. loljes of the corolla, the branching, plant-size, leaves and pubescence of E. luteum are found The heads are relatively few-flowered; and in E. virgatum and the geographic range over- the individual flowers, with their bright blue laps. Cytological studies will probably yield lol>es and yellow throats, are particularly showy further insight into these relationships. in E. vir^atuin and in E. sajiphi.rinum. Eriastrum

virgatum is limited in its geographic range and

is far from being the most common of the annual 5. (Eastwood) H. L. species. Close relationships are with E. luteum Mason, Madroiio 8:79. 1945. and E. sapphirinum subsp. clasyontJmm. Annual, erect to 40.0 cm high and to 30.0 cm broad; branching open, paniculate, corym- 4. Eriastrum hiteum (Benth.) H. L. M;ison, bose, racemose, or simple, frecjuently branching Madrono 8:81. 1945. from nearly every axil; branches usually slender, rarely appearing below dead persistent heads Htigelia lutea Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under and flowering continuing into a second season; pi. 1622. 1833. Not Gilia lutea Steud. herbage with minute glandular hairs throughout Cilia lutescem Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 1:684. or in part, otherwise glabrous to floccose; stems 1840. sparsely leaved; intemodes 1.0 to 5.0 cm long; G. floccosa Kuntze, Rev. Cen. PI. 2:4.33. leaves 0.5 to 3.0 or to 5.5 cm long; filiform- 1891 in part. linear, entire or with one pair of slender lateral Navarretia hitescens Kuntze, loc. cit. lobes at leaf base, subulate, or awn-tipped; heads N. lutea Brand, Pflanzenreich IV. 250: few to numerous, pedicelled or ses.sile, one- to 168. 1907. many-flowered, to 1.5 cm broad, glabrous, Annual, to 25.0 cm high, erect, virgate or glandular, to densely floccose; bracts broad and racemose or branched from the base; herbage short, 3.0 to 10.0 mm long, more or less eciual to lightly to densely flcK-cose; stems and lower the head; lowermost, subtending the head, not leaves often red brown, upper leaves ;ind bracts apparent or to 2.0 cm long and exceeding head, light green; intemodes 1.0 to 2.0 cm long; leaves simple or with one to two pair of short and often to 4.0 cm long, ascending, entire or with one pair broad lateral lobes; hy;iline membrane between of lateral lobes at the base of the leaf, and that the lobes frequently apparent; calyx lobes un- which appears to be a pair of lateral lobes often equal to nearly ec(ual. 6.0 to 8.0 nmi long, joined

is ;i p;irt of the axillary bud; lateral lobes spread- by hyaline membrane; corolla broiidly funnel- ing, to 1.0 em long; floral heads to 1.5 cm bro;id. form to narrowly so, to 15.0 mm long, irregular; densely floccose-lan;ite; bracts 0.75 to 1.5 cm three lobes occasionally appearing longer than long, rarely more, with one or two pair of lateral the other two due to une(|ual sinuses, especially lobes; calyx lobes nearly e(|u;il 5.0 mm long, in the broad corolhis, less markedly so in nar- joined by a hyaline membrane; corolla reguhir or rowly funnelfonn type; lobes broadly to narrow- 12 BniGHAM Young Univehsity Science Bulletin

Eriaslrurn Fiji. 3. lutciiiii. a. Ilahit. I)a\icl Douglas VC 163780, X .6. 7>. Habit, H. F. Hoover 7125 UC 023830, c. X .6. Habit. Kathcriiif Braii.lcgef 136. 9VI-09. H0858. X .6. ,1. Calyx. G. T. Nordstrom 1353 UC 123876,' X 3.4. e. Corolla staineii.s, and G. T. Nordstrom 1353 UC 123876. X 3.4. /. Habit. G. T. Nordstrom 1353 UC 123876, X .6. /?. Habit, R. F. Hoover 7192 UC 023829. X .6. Biological Series, Vol. 16, No. 4 The Genu.s Ehiasthum 13

ly elliptic, half the length of corolla or more, to sessile, single- or few-flowered, 2.5 to 8.0 mm 9.5 mm long and 2.5 to 5.0 mm broad, bright broad, seldom more, glabrous, glandular, to floc- blue; throat 1.0 to 3.0 mm long, yellow; tube to cose; bracts 3.0 to 10.0 mm long, more or less 5.5 mm long or 1/5 to 1/3 length of corolla, equal to the head, the lowennost subtending the blue or yellow; stamens adnate to bottom of head often not apparent, occasionally exceeding throat, usually equal, to 10.0 mm long, extend- the head; corolla to 15.0 mm long, broadly fun- ing nearly to tip of corolla lobe, occasionally be- nelform; lobes often broadly elliptic. yond, anthers sagittate, versatile, 2.5 to -5.0 mm Type: Blanche Trask in 1903. CAS 510. San long, 1.0 mm broad; filaments to 8.0 mm long; Jacinto Mountain, Biverside County, California. ovary three-loculed; seeds 2.0 to 2.5 mm long. Range: Southern California from Los Ange- Key to the Subspecies les and San Bernardino counties to Baja Cali- fornia, occurring between 1500 and 8700 feet. A. Heads single- to few-flowered, 2.5 to 8.0 mm broad, seldom more; stems slender, Navarretia virgata subsp. gijmnocephalurn

bracts subequal to or slightly exceeding the was described by Brand ( 1907 ) and implied in heads; corolla often broadly funnelform, the name was the naked head. Its variety oli-

lobes broadly elliptic - gantha was characterized as having flowers

... 5a. E. sapphirinum subsp. sapphirinum single or in pairs. The type specimen of E. sapphirinum has perhaps 1.50 to 175 heads which A A. Heads several-flowered, 0.75 to 1.5 em are naked or glandular, pedicellate or sessile and broad or more; stems slender to somewhat one- to five-flowered. Eriastrum sapphirinum robust; bracts commonly exceeding the subsp. gymnocephalum is regarded here as a heads, often prominent; corolla mostly nar- synonym of the type subspecies. rowly funnelform, lobes narrowly elliptic The degree of pubescence in the heads of 5b. E. sapphirinum subsp. dasijanthum E. sapphirinum subsp. sapphirinum varies from being completely naked to lightly floccose. The

5a. Eriastrum. sapphirinum (Eastwood) H. L. type of E. sappliirinum subsp. ambiguum is not Mason subsp. sap])hirinum. particularly unlike the type subspecies, and the

only character by which it might differ is the Gilia sapphirina Eastwood, Bot. Gaz. 38: degree of pubescence. Jones described his speci- 71. 1904. men as being "floccose-woollv mostly through- Navarretia virgata sub.sp. gynmocepJuila out" and the type of E. sapphirinum subsp. am- Brand in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV, 250: biguum (Jones 10011 Victor [now Victorville], 168. 1907. California POM 75010) is almost completely gla- N. virgata subsp. gtjmnocephala var. oli- brous. Except for the minute glandular hairs gantha Brand, op. cit. and the floccose heads, the plant is not at all N. virgata subsp. gt/mnocepljalxi var. sap- floccose. In his descriptions, Jones cited both phirina Brand, op. cit. 10011 from Victorville and 9917 from Bear Val- G. floccosa var. ambigua Jones, Contr. ley as being typical. The latter specimen was West. Bot. No. 13:2. 1910. reported by Craig ( 19.34 ) as being "not at all G. virgata var. sapphirina MacBridc, typical," and Mason (1945) referred the speci- Contr. Gray Herb. No. 49:58. 1917. men to E. sapphirinum subsp. dasijanthum. It is Hugelia virgata var. sapphirina Jepson, this specimen that is floccose-woolly through- Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 793. 1925. out. Eriastrum sapphirinum subsp. ambiguum G. virgata var. ambigua Craig, Bull. Tor- is regarded here as insufficiently distinct to war- rey Club 61:412. 1934. rant recognition and is regarded as a synonym. //. virgata var. ambigua (Jones) Jepson With a large representation of E. sapphiri- in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3:165. 1943. num, a continuous series can be observed. The Eriastrum sapphirinum subsp. gijmno- size of the heads varies from 2.5 to 15.0 mm or cephaUim Mason. Madrofio 8:80. 1945. so with every intergradation. The slender plants E. sappliirinum subsp. ainbiguum Mason, with small heads have a tendency to have broad- op. cit. ly spreading and broadly-lobed corollas which Branches slender; leaves 0.5 to 2.0 cm long, are distinctly irregular; and those plants with occasionally to 3.5 cm long, filiform-linear, sub- larger heads have a tendency to have more nar- terate, entire or with one pair of lateral lobes at rowly funnelfonn, less irregular corollas. The the leaf base; lateral lol>es 2.0 to 5.0 mm long; series suggests two entities within the species heads small, few to a few hundred, pedicelled or with complete interbreeding. The subspecies 14 Brigham Young University Science Bulletin

Fig. 4. Eriastrurn sapphirinum subsp. sapplurintitii. a. Habit, Blaiuhe Trask in 1903. CAS 510 (type). X .6. b. Two flowers, Katlierine Brandegue 16-VI-()6, VC 1,3 5928. X 2.3, c. Floral head. C. Epling. M. Darsie. r. Knox, William Robison 20-VI-32, UC 519836. X 2.3. Biological Series, Vol. 16, No. 4 The Genus Eriastrum 15 overlap almost completely in geographic distri- erect or spreading, branched from the base or bution. The corollas of the tvpe subspecies racemose, or virgate; stems floccose to subgla- have three lobes, which appear longer than the brate, sometimes glandular; leaves light green or others due to the unequal sinuses. The lobes grey green, 0.6 to 5.5 cm long, with one to three are broadlv elliptic and extend from 1/2 to 2/3 pair of lateral lobes, subulate, awn-tipped; heads the length of the corolla; the throat is spreading one to many, floccose, 0.5 to 1.5 cm broad, ex- and prominent; and the tube is approximate- cluding tips of braotis; bracts 1.0 to 2.0 cm long ly 3.0 mm in length, or 1/5 of the length of the with one to three pair of lateral lobes; calyx 0.5 corolla. Corollas vary from this to the less ir- to 1.0 cm long; lobes unequal, joined by a hya- regular fonn of E. sa})pliirinuin subsp. dasijan- line membrane; corolla bilabiate or irregular to thum, in which the slightly expanding throat nearly regular, funnelfonn, 11.0 to 18.0 mm and narrowly elliptic lobes are usual. Cytologi- long; lobes elliptic, 4.0 to 8.0 mm long and 1.75 cal studies are needed to elucidate the nature to 3.5 mm broad, lavender blue to dark blue; of the subspecies. throat 1.0 to 4.0 mm long, sinus to stamen inser- tion 1.0 to 4.0 mm, tube 4.0 to 8.5 mm long; tube and throat light lavender, yellow, or blue; sta- 5b. Erui^lnim sappliirintim subsp. dasijanthtim to base of throat, unequal, 2.0 to (Brand) H. L. Mason, Madroiio 8:S0. 1945. mens adnate 9.0 mm long; filaments 1.5 to 8.5 mm long; an- Nava.rretia virgata var. dasijantha Brand thers sagittate, versatile, 1.0 to 2.2.5 mm long and in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV, 250:168. ^ 1.0 mm broad; stigma ca. 1.0 mm long, style ca. 1907. 12.0 mm long, ovary three-loculed. Htigelia virgata var. dasyantha Jepson. 793. 1925. Man. Fl. PI. Calif. Key to the Subspecies Gilia virgata var. dasyantha Craig, Bull. Torrey Club 61:395. 1934. A. Corolla bilabiate to obscurely irregular; lobes narrowly elliptic 1.75 to 2.75 mm robust; leaves 1.0 Plants slender to somewhat broad, lavender blue; desert regions south- long, entire to 3.0 cm long, occasionally to 5.5 cm ern California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona lateral lobes; lateral lobes or with one pair of 6a. E. eremicum subsp. eremicum 2.0 to 15.0 mm long; heads 7.5 to 15.0 mm broad, several-flowered, denselv floccose; bracts usually AA. Corolla irregular to nearly regular; lobes exceeding the heads; bracts subtending the broadly elliptic, 3.0 to 3.5 mm broad, blue heads to 2.0 cm long, often prominent; corolla to dark blue; Arizona to 15.0 mm long, more commonly narrowly fun- 6b. E. eremicum subsp. yageri nelfomi; the lobes narrowly elliptic. Type: H. M. Hall 298 6-VIII-96. Swartout 6a. (Jepson) H. L. Mason Canvon, San Antonio Mountain, elevation 7000 subsp. eremicum. Gabriel Mountains, Los feet; within the San Nava.rre'tia densifolia var. jacumbarui Angeles County, California. Present repository Brand, Ann. Conserv. and Jard. Bot. Also cited in the of the specimen is unknown. Geneve 15 and 16:340. 1913. original description as representative of the type Hugelia eremica Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. 249 (represented are: Parry and Lemmon Calif. 793. 1925. Parish 1478 (represent- POM), S. B. and W. F. Gilia eremica Craig, Bull. Torrey Club B. Parish 3803 (represented UC). ed UC), S. 61:416. 19.34. The specimen, H. M. Hall 237, San Antonio G. eremica var. typica Craig, op. cit. 417. Mountain (elevation 7000 feet), Los Angeles G. eremica var. zionis Craig, op. cit. 418. County. California (UC), is cited in the H. M. Hall fieldbook (UC) as being "identical" with Annual, erect or spreading, much-branched, his 298 collection. to .30.0 cm high and to 40.0 cm across; stems lightly floccose to nearly glabrate, often wiry or Range: Southwestern California from Ven- thick, becoming dark red or becoming very light tura County, south to Baja California and north- with age as epidennal layers flake off; leaves east to Inyo Countv, California, occurring from grey green, 6.0 to .30.0 mm long, pinnatifid with 1000 to 7000 feet. one to three pair of lateral pinnae, commonly with two pair; when three pair occur, the lower- 6. Eriastrum eremicum (Jepson) H. L. Mason, most pinnae are shorter than the adjacent pin- Madrono 8:78. 1945. nae, lightly floccose to glabrate, subulate-Hpped; Annual, to 30.0 cm high and to 40.0 cm broad, pinnae 2.0 to 10.0 mm long; heads small, lanate, 16 Bricham Young Univkhsiiy Science Bulletin numerous (2-2.50), few-flowered (2-15); bracts G. eremica var. iirizonica Craig, Bull. 10.0 mm long, with one to two pair lateral lobes, Torrey Club 61:419. 19.34. lanate, recurved, subulate-tipped; calyx 6.0 to G. eremica var. ii(i<^eri (Jones) Craig, op. 7.0 mm long, sul)efjual; caJyx lobes connected cit. 420, as to name, not as to lectotype. along two-thirds of the lower margin by a mem- Annual, 5.0 to 25.0 cm high, branched from branous tissue; corolla irregular or obscurely so, the base, or racemose, or virgate; herbage floc- from bilabiate to nearly regular, 11.0 to 18.0 mm cose to subglabrate, often glandular; inteniodes long, the upper lip may consist of either three or 1.0 to 6.0 cm long; leaves light green, 1.0 to 5.5 four lobes; lobes 4.0 to 8.0 mm long, differing cm long, 0.5 to 2.0 mm broad, with one or two in length in a particular flower by 0.50 mm to pair of lateral lobes, or entire, subulate, or awn- 1.75 mm due to unequal sinuses, sometimes heads 1 50, floccose to densely so, asymmetrical with one margin much more con- tipped; to 0.5 to 1.5 cm broad, excluding tips of bracts; vex than the other, 1.75 to 2.75 mm broad; throat bracts 1.0 to 2.0 cm exceeding the heads, 1.0 to 1.0 to 3.5 mm long; sinus to stamen insertion 2.5 mm broad at base, with one to three pair distance differing in one flower by 0.50 to 2.0 of lateral lobes, lightly floccose; hyaline mem- mm, and usually by 1.0 mm or more; tube 4.0 brane between lobes sometimes present; calyx mm to 8.5 mm long, usually less than half the 0.5 to 1.0 cm long; lobes une((ual, joined by length of the corolla; inner surface of the tube hyaline membrane; tips not obscured by tri- puberulent; corolla light lavender to violet, chomes; corolla funnelfomi, to 18.0 mm, irregu- prominent reddish lines follow veins of lobes; lar to nearly regular; lobes broadly elliptic, 5.5 stamens 2.0 to 9.0 mm long, distinctly unequal in to 7.0 long and 3.0 to 3.5 broad, com- length, inserted at base of the throat, 1.0 mm to mm mm monly dark blue; throat ca. 2.0 to 4.9 mm long, .3.5 mm below the sinuses; in conjunction with broadly spreading, vellow; sinus to stamen in- the corolla shape, the stamen filaments are very sertion 2.0 to 4.0 mm; tulx^ 5.0 to 8.0 mm long, often inclined toward the lowermost lobe with vellow or blue; stamens adnate to base of throat, the anthers turned toward the upper lip; anthers unequal, 5.0 to 9.5 mm long, varying in same sagittate, 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm long, filaments 1.5 flower by 1.0 to 3.0 mm; filaments 5.0 to 8.5 mm to 8.0 mm long; ovary three-loculed, few- long; anthers sagittate, versatile, 1.0 to 1.5 seeded. mm mm long and 1.0 mm broad; stigma ca. 1.0 mm Type: W. L. Jepson .5414. JEPS. Calico long, style ca. 12.0 mm long, ovary three-loculed. Wash, northeast of Barstow, San Bernardino, Type: M. E. Jones 102.53 and 10279. POM California. 74.569 and POM 74570. Wickenburg, Maricopa Range: Desert regions. Southern California County, and Hillside, Yavapai County, Arizona. to Baja California, southern Nevada and Utah Range: Arizona. and northern Arizona. A few plants of E. eremicum approach the Mason (1945) reviewed and corrected the growth fonns of E. pluriflonnn. The corolla of use of the name "Yageri." It stvms necessary, the latter is usually regular, and the equal to sub- however, to include here a history of its usage equal stamens are adnate throughout the length in order to treat the lectotype (lectotype only, of the tube to the sinus. Rarely, a stamen will not the name) of Gilia eremica var. ijageri (not become free as much as 0.75 mm below the E. eremicum subsp. tja^ieri), which is also the sinus. In the irregular to bilabiate flower of type specimen of Eriaslrum diffusum subsp. E. eremicum, all the clefts are unecjual and the jom'sii, which is here considered aS a synonym

lobes may l:>e irregularly disposed. The stamens of E. diffusum. are adnate to 1.0 to 3.5 mm below the sinuses. In describing G. virgata var. i/ageri, Jones filaments In many flowers of E. eremicum, the ( 1910) cited Jones 1025.3 and Jones 10279 as the diverge toward the lowennost lobe and the type, and included a list of several specimens as anthers turn toward the upper lobes. Within being representative, which, however, included Eria.strum this characteristic seems to be unicpie a few different entities. Presumably, the name to this species. was derived from that of Yager, Arizona, where one of the specimens had been collected. K.

Rrandegee regarded Jones 10279 ;is too fragmen- 6b. Erimtrum eremicum subsp. ijageri (Jones) tary for identification, and Craig also regarded H. L. Mason, Madrono 8.78. 1945. it as inadecjuate. Through use of the lactophcnol Gilia virgata var. ijageri Jones, Contr. method (Harrison 1968), it w;is possible to ex- West. Rot. 13:2. 1910. amine a flower of Jones 10279; and it appears Biological Series, Vol. 16. No. 4 The C^enus Ehiastrum 17

to belong with Jones 10253 a.s designated by G. virgata var. fiUfolia Milliken, Univ. Jones. Calif. Pub. Bot. 2:39. 1904. Craig evidently thought that because of the N. fUifoha subsp. eufilifoHa Brand, Pflan- geographic distribution, the name "Arizonica" zenreich IV, 250:167. 1907. would be more appropriate than ijci'^eri and con- G. floccosa var. filifolia Nels & Macbride, sidered Jones 102.53 (type of G. virgata var. Bot. Gaz. 61:35. 1916. i/(igcri) as the type for his Gilia ereinica var. Welwitschia fiUfolia Rydberg, Fl. Rocky arizonica. Thus, the name "ijageri" was separa- Mtns. 688. 1917. ted from its type. The name "yageri" was per- Hugelia filifolia Jepson , Man. Fl. PI. {x>tnated, however, as Craig selected Jones 99.35 Calif. 792. 1925. from Yager, Arizona, from Jones's list of "repre- G. filifolia var. ti/pica Craig, Bull. Torrev sentative material" (1910) as a lectotype of C. Club 61:422. 19.34. eremica var. yageri (Craig, 1934). Annual, 4.0 to 40.0 cm high, virgate, race- As discussed by Mason (1945), the adequacy mose, or diffusely branched; herbage subgla- of Jones 10253 necessitates recognition of Jones's brous to lightly floccose; inteniodes 1.0 to 3.0 concept of C virgata var. yageri and the restora- cm long, occasionally to 4.0 cm long; leaves fili- tion of the name to its type. Gilia eremica var. fonn, 1.0 to 3.0 cm long, light green becoming arizonica was therefore referred to svnonomy red brown, sometimes appressed, ascending under Eriastnim eremicum subsp. yageri (Jones) subulate-, or awn-tipped; first-formed leaves en- H. L. Mason. tire; younger leaves with one pair of filiform Jones 99.35 was then selected by Mason as lateral lobes to 1.25 cm long, sometimes occur- the type of E. (liffustim subsp. jonesii Mason. ring 5.0 mm above the leaf base, or entire, or This plant was described as having larger corol- with t\vo pair of lobes from the base of the leaf; las, slightlv larger anthers and longer filaments heads few to several, long-tapered, often narrow than the tvpical fonii of the species. The speci- and elongate, distinctly brushy; tips of bracts men is here considered as being insufficiently and calyces not obscured by wool, few-flowered; distinct to warrant recognition and is considered bracts 1.25 to 2.0 cm long, exceeding the heads, by the present author as a synonym of E. dif- with one or two pair of lateral lobes; calyx fustnn. slender-cylindric, lobes une(jual to subequal, 6.0 Craig ( 19.34 ) had placed this plant with to 8.0 mm long, joined bv a hyaline membrane; G. eremica and had stated that he was uncertain corolla regular, salverfonn, narrowly funnelform, whether it should be referred to that species or 7.0 to 9.0 mm long; lobes 3.0 mm long and 1.0 to G. filifoJiiim var. diffusa, which should be mm broad, blue; sinus to stamen insertion 1.0 interpreted as referring to E. diffusum. and not mm, throat ca. 1.0 mm long; tube 4.0 mm long, E. fiJifolium. throat and tube yellow; stamens 3.5 mm long, Eriastnim eremicum subsp. yageri (Jones) ecjual; anthers sagittate, versatile, 1.0 mm long; H. L. Mason is described ( Kearnev & Peebles filaments 2.5 to 3.0 mm long; stigma 0.75 to 1.0 1951) as having less irregular corollas and sim- mm long, style 3.0 to 4.0 mm long; ovary long, pler leaves. The leaves of the type are similar cvlindric, three-loculed; capsule 5.0 mm long and to those of E. eremicum subsp. eremicum, and 1.5 mm broad, each locule approximately four to some depauperate plants have simple, entire five-seeded. leaves. Lack of sufficient specimens has pre- vented a broad examination of this character, Type: T. Nuttall. KEW. Santa Barbara, Cali- but the leaves appear to have fewer lobes than fornia. those of E. eremicum subsp. eremicum. With Range: Southern California from Santa Bar- respect to the different depths of the sinuses, bara and Los Angeles counties south to Baja Cali- the corollas are often arsiflorum (Eastwood) H. L. Mason. Madrono 8:86. 1945.

7. Eriastrum filifolium (Nutt) Wooton & Stand- .\nnual. to 30.0 cm high, racemose, corym- ley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16:160. 1913. bose, or often branched from the base, more

Gi7t« filifolia Nutt, |our. Acad. Phila. II. erect than spreading; herbage not disposed to 1:1.56. 1848. becoming brittle, light green, grey green or yel- Navarretia fiUfolia Kimt/e. Uev. Cen. PI. low green; lightlv floccose or subglabrate to 2:4:3.3. 1891. conspicuously floccose; internodes 1.0 to 4.0 cm 18 Bhicham VoUiNG Untversitv Science Bueletin

Kig. 5. Eriastrtwt filifoHum. a. Habit, I.. Abiams 3724 POM 156092, X .6. b. Calyx. T. Craig & M. Zornes 1856 POM 186740. X 4.6 c. Corolla and stamens. T. Craig & M. Zornes 1856 POM 186740, X 4.6. d. Habit. T. Craig & M. Zornes 1856 POM 186740, X .6. e. Habit. Katberiiie Brandegee. V-06. UC 133849. X .6. /. Habit. T. Craig & M. Zornes 1856 POM 186798. X .6. g. Habit. Nuttall GH (probable isotype), X .6. Biological Series, Vol. 16, No. 4 The Genus Ehiastrum 19 long; leaves 0.5 to 3.5 cm long, most commonly 7.0 mm long; heads few to numerous, small, 0.5 1.0 to 1.5 cm long, mostly entire, or with one to 1.0 cm broad, floccose, few-flowered; bracts pair of lateral lobes; lobes to 7.0 mm long; heads 0.7 to 2.7 cm long, entire or with one pair of few to numerous, 0.5 to 1.0 cm broad excluding lobes, exceeding the heads by 0.3 to 1.5 cm; tips of bracts, floccose to densely so, few- calyx lobes unequal or nearly equal, 5.0 to 8.0 flowered; bracts 0.7 to 2.5 cm long exceeding mm long, rarely more, joined by a hyaline mem- the heads, entire or with one or two pair of brane; corolla regular, salverform or very nar- lateral lobes; calyx lobes unequal, 5.0 to 8.0 mm rowly funnelform, 6.5 to 8.5, sometimes to 10.5 long, joined by a hyaline membrane; corolla mm long; lobes light blue and throat yellow, or regular, salverfonn to narrowly funnclfonn, 6.0 corolla light pink or cream; lobes narrowly el- to 10.5 mm long; lobes elliptic, 2.0 to 3.0 mm liptic 2.0 to 3.0 mm long, less commonly to 4.0 long, rarely more, blue, light pink, dull yellow mm; lobes 1.0 mm broad; tube 4.0 to 5.5 mm or cream; throat 0.75 to 1.0 mm long, yellow; long, rarely more; stamens adnate to 0.5 nmi be- sinus to stamen insertion 0.25 to 0.50 mm, tube low sinus, equal, 1.50 to 2.25 mm long; filaments 4.0 to 5.5 nmi long; stamens equal, 1.0 to 2.25 1.0 mm long; anthers sagittate, versatile, 1.0 mm mm long, filaments 0.50 to 1.0 mm long; anthers long; stigma 0.5 mm long, style ca. 4.5 mm long; sagittate, versatile, 0.75 to 1.0 mm long; stigma ovary three-loculed, few-seeded. 0.5 mm long, style 3.5 to 4.5 mm long; ovary Type: Alice Eastwood. CAS 516. July 1-13, three-loculed, few-seeded. Bubbs Creek, South Fork of Kings River, Fresno County, California. Key to the Subspecies Range: Central Oregon, western Nevada, A. Leaves light green or light grey green; Sierra Nevada Mountains from Lassen County, corolla 6.5 to 8.5 or to 10.5 mm long, light California, south to Inyo County, to San Ber- blue to light pink or cream; central Oregon, nardino County, west to Ventura County and Nevada, California along the Sierra Nevada, south to Baja California. and south to Baja California 8a. E. sparsiflorum subsp. sparsiflonim 8b. (Eastwood) H. L. AA. Leaves yellow green; corolla ca. 6.0 to 7.0 Mason subsp. harwooclii (Craig) H. K. Har- mm long, straw yellow; eastern Mohave rison, Phytomorphology 18:401. 1968. desert Gilia filifolia var. Harwoodii Craig, Bull. 8b. E. sparsiflorum subsp. hartcoodii Torrey Club 61:424. 1934. Hugelia diffusa var. Hardwoodii Jepson, 8a. Eriastrum sparsiflorum (Eastwood) H. L. Fl. Calif. 3:167. 1943. Mason subsp. sparsiflorum. subsp. Hardwoodii (Craig) H. L. Mason, Madroiio 8:77. Gilia sparsiflora Eastwood, Proc. Calif. 1945. Acad. Ill, 2:291. 1902. high, Navarretia filifolia subsp. sparsiflora Annual, to 20.0 cm racemose or corym- Brand in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV, 250: bose; herbage floccose to conspicuously so, yel- 167. 1907. low green to grey green; internodes 1.0 to 2.0 cm long; leaves 1.0 to 3.5 cm long, entire or G. filifolia var. sparsiflora Macbride, with one pair of lateral lobes, subulate, awn- Contr. Gray Herb. 49:57. 1917. tipped; lobes to 7.0 mm long; heads few to Hugelia filifolia var. sparsiflora Jepson, numerous, densely floccose, few-flowered, small, Man. Fl. Pi. Calif. 792. 192.5. 0.5 to 1.0 cm broad excluding tips of bracts; Annual, erect, 10.0 to 30.0 cm high, occa- bracts 1.0 to 1.5 cm long, exceeding the heads, sionally to 35.0 cm high, racemose, or often with one or two pair of lateral lobes; calyx lobes much-branched from the base, paniculate, or une(]ual, .5.0 to 8.0 mm long, joined by a hyaline corymbose, more erect than spreading; herbage membrane; corolla regular, narrowly funnelform, not disposed to becoming rigid and brittle, light 6.0 to 7.5 mm long, dull straw yellow or cream green or light grey green, lightly floccose to vellow; lobes elliptic, 2.25 mm long and 1.0 to subglabrate, in part becoming more glabrate 1.5 mm broad; throat 0.75 mm long, sinus to with age; stems sometimes red brown; inter- stamen insertion 0.25 mm, tube 4.0 mm long; nodes 1.0 to 4.0 cm long; leaves few, 0.5 to 3.0 stamens equal, 1.0 mm long; filaments 0.50 to cm long, most commonly 1.0 to 1.5 cm long, 0.75 mm long; anthers versatile, sagittate- linear or with one pair of lateral lobes, 4.0 to cordate, 0.75 mm long; stigma 0.50 to 1.0 mm 20 Buir.iiAM V()UN(; Univehsitv Scienck Bulletin

Kij;. (1 Eridslriini sparsijlorni}) suljsp. spiirsitlDruin. ii. Habit. Ali<(r Eastwood 1-H-VIl'W CAS jH) (typo), X .6.

/;. Ilahit, E. C. Twisselmami 2316 CAS .599515, X .6. c. Ihihit. R. Hacigalupi aiul C;. T. Rohhins 5417 CAS 407774. X .6. d. Calvx, H. M. Pollard 18-VI-49 CAS 352063. X 4.6. e. Corolla and stamens, H. M. I'oUard 18-VI-49 CAS 352063, X 4.6. Biological Sehies, Vol. 16, No. 4 The Genus Ebiastrum 21

long, style ca. 3.5 mm long, ovary three-loculed, 9.0 to 14.0 mm long; lobes blue, tube and throat locules approximately tvvo-seeded. yellow; lobes 3.5 to 6.0 mm long, elliptic to broadly so, 1.50 to 2.25 mm broad; throat 0.5 to Type: P. A. Munz & R. D. Harwood 3589. 2.0 mm long, sinus to stamen insertion 0.5 to POM 7622. Blythe Junction, Riverside County, 2.0 mm, tube 5.0 to 7.5 mm long; stamens un- California. equal, 1.5 to 4.5 mm long, varying in one flower Range: Eastern Mohave Desert in eastern by 0.5 mm or 2.5 mm, exserted beyond the sinus Riverside and San Bernardino counties, Cali- (occasionally on the same plant some stamens fornia. may be nearly equal and shorter; the anthers barely surpassing the sinus, thus simulating a

characteristic of E. sparsiflorttm) ; filaments 1.5 9. Eriastrum wilcoxii (Nelson) H. L. Mason, to 3.5 mm long; anthers sagittate, versatile, 1.0 Madroiio 8:85. 1945. to 2.0 mm long and to 1.0 mm broad; stigma Gilia floccosa Gray, emend. Syn. Fl. N.A. 0.50 to 0.75 mm long, style ca. 6.0 mm long; 2:143. 1878. Not type of G. floccosa ovary three-loculed, approximately three-seeded. Gray, Proc. Anier. Acad. Sci. 8:272. Type: E. D. Merrill & E. N. Wilcox 752. 1870. RM 30221. Seven miles W St. Anthony, Idaho. G. wilcoxii Nelson, Dot. Gaz. 34:27. 1902. Welwitschia icilcoxii Rydberg, Fl. Rocky Range: Central Washington, central and Mtns. 688. 1917. eastern Oregon, south along the Sierra Nevada Hugelia filifolia var. floccosa Jepson, Fl. to Inyo County, California, southwest to San Calif. 3:166. 1943, as to lectotype, not Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties, south- as to type. em Idaho, Nevada, and western Utah. Eriastrum sparsiflorum and E. wilcoxii are The following in part as to text, not as to closely related. There is a wide range of varia- type (See discussion in Mason, 1945): tion and much overlapping in the expression of the characters. Eriastrum wilcoxii plants tend Gilia floccosa Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. to be more floccose, more robust and thicker- Sci. 8:272. 1870. stemmed; the leaves tend to have one or two Navarretia floccosa (Gray) Kuntze, Rev. pair of lateral lobes and to be somewhat rigid. Gen. 2:4.33. 1891. The heads are usually larger and have more H. floccosa (Gray) Howell, Fl. N.W. flowers per head. The flowers are slightly larger Amer. 458. 1903. and the filaments are longer and unequal. The G. virgata var. floccosa (Gray) Milliken, lobes of the corolla are sometimes broader, and Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 2:40. 1904. the vascularization of the corolla is less reduced. N. virgata subsp. floccosa (Gray) Brand The previously reported level of stamen inser- in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV, 250:168. tion as 2.0 mm below the sinus (Mason 1945) 1907. does not hold, as it varies from 0.5 to 2.0 mm. W. floccosa (Gray) Rydberg, Fl. Rocky The plant body of E. sparsiflorum is a little Mtns. 688. 1917. less brittle, less rigid, and less floccose than E. H. virgata var. floccosa (Gray) Jepson, wilcoxii. The plants may be tall and racemose, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 793. 1925. or they may have many branches which indi- Annual, to .30.0 cm high, racemose, coryin- vidually have few leaves. Perhaps the best char- bose, or branched from the base; herbage floc- acters for identification of E. sparsiflorum are cose, often densely so, gray green, becoming the short, equal stamens, which quite consis- rigid and brittle, coarse in appearance; inter- tently become free 0.5 mm below the sinus; the nodes 1.0 to 4.0 cm long; leaves 1.5 to 3.0 cm iinthers, which lie just above the sinus level; the long, commonly 2.0 to 2.5 cm long, subulate- slightly smaller corolla, apparently always with tipped, usually with one pair of lateral lobes or narrow elliptic lobes; the smaller heads; and the with two pair or entire; heads several to numer- greater frequency of short, entire leaves. It ous, 0.70 to 1.75 cm broad, densely floccose, seems that E. wilcoxii is the most nearly inter- several-flowered; bracts prominent, 0.7 to 3.0 mediate between the large-flowered forms, e.g., cm long, equalling or exceeding the heads, with E. eremicum and the small-flowered forms, e.g., one or two pair of lateral lobes; calyx lobes un- E. sparsiflorttm and E. diffusum. equal, 5.5 to 10.0 mm long, joined by a hyaline membrane; tips of lobes sometimes conspicuous; 10. Eriastrum diffusum (Gray) H. L. Mason, corolla regular or slightly irregular, funnelform, Madrono 8:76. 1945. 22 Hhigham Young Univehsity Science Bulletin

Fig. 7. ErUistntm wilcoxii. a. Hahit, I'. A. Miiiiz 11, 077 POM 153278. X .6. b. Habit, Ynez W. WinblaH 26- VI I -38 CAS 297740, X .6. c. Habit, E. D. Merrill & E. N. Wilcox 9.52 RM 30221 (type). X .6. d. Corolla and stamens, P. A. Munz 11, 077 POM 153278, X 3.4. c. Calv.v, P. A. Mnnz 11, 077 POM 153278, X 3.4. Biological Series, Vol. 16, No. 4 The Genus Eriastrum 23

Gilia filifolia var. diffusa Gray, Proc. denced by his annotation on an S. Watson 915 Amer. Acad. Sci. 8:272. 1870. collection at the Gray Herbarium to the effect Navarretia filifolia var. diffusa Brand in that forms approached G. floccosa too closely. En^ler, Pflanzenreich IV, 2.50:167. However, when the other collections which were 1907. studied by Gray (Thurber 326, Cooper Fort Wehcitschia diffusa Rydberg, Fl. Rocky Mohave [in part] and probably Thurber 172) Mtns. 688. 1917. are examined together with his description, the W. filifolia diffusa Tide.strom, Proc. Biol. variety to which he applied the name can be Soc. Wasli. 48:42. 19.35. recognized. The sheet bearing the aforemen- G. eremica var. tjaf^eri Craig, Bull. Torrey tioned Watson collection has four collections

Club 61:420. 1934, as to lectotypc only, upon it, and they do not represent the elements not G. virgata var. tjageri Jones. which prompted Gray to name a new variety, Hugelia diffusa Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3:167. but rather represent the discordant elements 1943. which made him (jualify his original description Eriastrum diffusum subsp. jonesii H. L. as being too similar to Gilia floccosa. As the type Mason, Madrono 8:77. 1945. (See dis- of Eriastrum diffusum has not been indicated, cussion under E. ereinicum subsp. the selection of a lectotype is in order. In the description. cited col- yageri. ) original Gray (1870) no lector but gave the geographic range as "Fort Annual, 3.0 to 15.0 cm high, commonly S.O Mohave and Nevada to New Mexico and the cm high, diffusely branched from the base or borders of Texas." Reference to the collections racemose, often spreading to twice the height; confirms the Fort Mohave, New Mexico and herbage lightly floccose or subglabrous; stems Texas border locations. slender, 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm in diameter, often On the sheet containing the Watson 915 col- becoming red brown; leaves slender, ascending, lections, as well as the other collections, the light green, small, 1.0 to 2.5 cm long, usually word "type" unsigned has been printed in pencil with one pair of short lateral lobes (2.0 to 7.0), at the bottom. This cannot be accepted as the less commonlv with two pair or entire, subulate, type nor as a lectotype, because there is no indi- awn-tipped; inteniodes 1.0 to 2.0 cm long; floral cation as to which collection was under consider- heads few to several, small, 0.5 to 1.0 cm in ation; since Gray considered the plants of the length and breadth excluding tips of bracts, collection as discordant elements and as few-flowered, moderately or lightly floccose; Watson being too close to Gilia floccosa {Eriastrtnn bracts 0.75 to 1.50 cm long and exceeding the wilcoxii) to which I refer them, they do not heads, with one or two pair of lateral lobes; coincide with Gray's intention. The annotation calyx lobes unequal to nearly equal, 5.0 to 6.0 "type," is therefore ambiguous as to its applica- mm long, joined by a hyaline membrane; corolla tion; it has not been published; and there is no funnelform, 7.0 to 10.0 mm long, regular to indication as to whose opinion it represents. slightlv irregular; lobes light blue to cream, 2.5 Therefore, I consider the annotation as having to 4.0 mm long and 1.25 to 2.0 mm broad; sinus no standing. From the other specimens ex- to stamen insertion ca. 0.25 to 0.75 mm, throat amined by Gray, it seems proper to select the ca. 1.0 mm long, tube ca. 3.0 to 4.5 mm long; Thurber collection 326 ( GH ) as a lecto- stamens adnate nearly to sinus, 2.0 to 3.0 mm George This collection was made from May to long; anthers sagittate, cordate, versatile, 0.50 to type. 1851 at Pachetiju, south of the "Copper 0.7.5 mm long, occasionally to 1.0 mm long; fila- June Mines" (presumably Grand to Luna counties). ments 1.5 to 2.5 mm long, stigma ca. 0.5 mm Mexico. In May 1851, Thurber made a long, style ca. 5.0 mm long, ovary three-loculed. New journey from the Copper Mines (now Santa Lectotype: George Thurber 326. GH. Pa- Rita) and the Mimbres River south, by way of chetiju, south of Copper Mines, Grant to Luna the Playas Lake area, Animas, Guadalupe Pass, counties, New Mexico, to Arispe, Sonora, Mexico Black Creek to the border at Agua Prieta, and (cf. Gray 1854. pp. 297-302). south into Mexico to Fronteras, Bacoachi, and Range: Southern California, Nevada, Utah, to Arispe (Gray 1854). southeast through Arizona, southwestern New The closest affinities of E. diffusum are not Mexico to Texas. with E. filifolium. and their separation (Jepson plants When Gray described Cilia filifolia var. dif- 1943) was proper. Eriastrum diffusum fusa (1870), he wrote, "Forms of this approach are of small stature with slender, fine stems, a the preceding too nearly," by which he meant fraction of a millimeter to 1.0 mm in diameter. Gilia floccosa and not Gilia filifolia. This is evi- The diffuse branching from the base is not the 24 Brigham Young University Science Bulletin

best criterion for recognition, as the branching 12. Eriastrum traciji H. L. Mason, Madrofio may be racemose, and since diffuse branching 8:87. 1945. occurs in other species. The vegetative portion Annual, to 22.0 cm high, branching racemose has some aspects of E. eremicum, chiefly in the or virgate; herbage lightly floccose; intemodes usual slender and much-branched habit. The 1.0 to 3.0 cm long; leaves grey green, 1.5 to 2.5 flower of E. difjtisum is regular and like that of cm long, subulate, awn-tipped, with one pair of E. wilcoxii, being just a little smaller (although lateral lobes or entire; lobes to 7.0 mm; heads sometimes somewhat broader), with similar un- one to few, floccose to densely so, 0.5 to 1.0 cm equal stamens with smaller anthers. broad, excluding tip of bracts; bracts to 1.5 cm long, exceeding the heads, with one or two pair 11. Eriastnim hrandegeae H. L. Mason, Ma- of lateral lobes, hyaline membrane between the droiio8:88. 1945. lobes sometimes present; calyx lobes unequal 7.0 to 9.0 mm long, joined by a hyaline mem- Annual, to 25.0 cm high, racemose or virgate; brane; corolla regular, subsalverform, 9.0 to herbage lightly floccose; intemodes 1.0 to 4.0 10.0 mm long, light blue to white; lobes broadly cm long; leaves grey green, 1.0 to 2.5 cm long, elliptic, 2.5 mm long and 1.25 to 1.50 mm broad; subulate, or awn-tipped, with one pair of lateral throat 1.0 mm long, sinus to stamen insertion lobes, less commonly entire; lobes to 1.0 cm 0.50 to 0.75 mm, tube 5.5 mm long; stamens long; heads one to few, floccose, 0.5 to 1.0 cm equal, 1.0 to 1.5 mm long; filaments 0.50 to 1.0 broad excluding tips of bracts; bracts 1.0 to 1.5 mm long; anthers versatile, sagittate, 0.75 to 1.0 cm long, with one to two pair of lateral lobes; mm long; stigma 0.50 to 0.75 mm long; style ca. calyx lobes unequal, 5.0 to 8.0 mm long, joined 4.0 mm long, ovary three-loculed, each locule by a hyaline membrane; tips not obscured by having a single seed. trichomes; corolla regular to slightly irregular. 8.0 to 11.0 long, subsalverform; lobes nar- Type: P. Tracy 6463. 690662. Hayfork mm J. UC rowly elliptic, 3.25 to 5.0 mm long and 1.0 mm Valley 2600 ft. Trinity County, California. broad, lavender blue to white; throat plus tube Range: Trinity County, California. 5.0 to 6.0 mm long, sinus to stamen insertion It is with considerable hesitancy that the 0.5 to 1.5 mm; stamens 1.5 to 2.0 mm long, fila- traciji a distinct entity, and ments 1.0 to 1.25 mm long; anthers versatile, author retains E. as reason for so doing is to avoid unneces- sagittate, 0.75 to 1.0 mm long; stigma ca. 0.5 the only until later collections may sub- mm long, style ca. 3.5 mm long, ovary three- sary synonomy characters loculed, each locule one- to two-seeded. stantiate the distinction. The only bv which the entity may be distinguished from Type: H. L. Mason 12604. UC 693854. E. hrandegeae are the corolla proportions and Obsidian Ridge southeast of Borax Lake, Lake the exceedingly slight difference in filament County, California. length. The lobes of E. tracyi are minutely E. hrandegeae. Range: Lake County, California. shorter and broader than those of When described, E. tractji was said (Mason Vegetatively, E. hrandegeae closely re- 1945) to be distinguished from E. hrandegeae sembles E. traaji. E. tiilcoxii and to a lesser and E. filifolium by its branching and by its extent E. sparsiflorum and E. filifolhnn. The very small anthers and the corolla proportions. relationship flower, however, suggests a close Branching is of almost no value in the recogni- with E. traci/i and differs from that of E. s])arsi- tion of species of Eriastrum. When the anthers flormn, E. filifolium, and E. wilcoxii, in that the of E. hrandegeae and E. tracyi are restored sides of the opened corolla are more nearly par- exactly the ( Harrison 1968 ) , they prove to have allel. The corolla tube of E. hrandegeae is pro- same range in size from 0.75 to 1.0 mm. Each portionally broader than that of E. sparsiflorum specimen of E. hrandegeae examined has shown or £. filifolium. Eriastrum hrandegeae is further narrowlv elliptic lobes from 3.0 to 3.5 mm long its larger distinguished from E. sparsiflorum by and 1.0 to 1.25 mm broiid, those of E. traciji leaves, the larger leaf lobes, by a general ab- have measured 2.50 mm long and 1.50 mm sence of entire leaves in a mature plant, and in broad. having the stamens inserted at a lower level. It E. filifolium by its shorter is distinguished from 13. Eriastrum ahramsii (Elmer) H. L. Mason, anthers, by its more stamens, slightly smaller Madrono 8:90. 1945. pubescent heads, and by geographic isolation Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 41: from the latter. There are few distinctions be- Navarretia ahramsii tween E. hrandegeae and E. traciji. 314. 1906. BioL{)CiCAL Series, Vol. 16, No. 4 The Genus Eriasthum 25

Hugelia ahramsii Jepson and Bailey in almost leafless; and a large part of the photo- Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3:167. 1943. synthesis may be carried on by the bracts. The corollas are white and protrude above the mass Annual, to 15.0 cni high, stems solitary or of wool so slightly that they are quite incon- branched racemosely, corymbosely, or diffusely spicuous. The species was first described as from the base; herbage floccose, often densely Navarretia ahrainsii (Elmer 1906) and, as dis- so below the floral heads; intemodes 0.5 to 2.5 cussed by Sharsmith (1944) and Mason (1945), cm long; leaves when present filiform, light is more closely related with Eriastrum. It oc- green, 1.0 to 4.5 cm long or with one to three curs as an associate of Adenostonm fasciculatum pair of lateral lobes, not rigid, subulate, awn- chaparrel ( Sharsmith 1944 ) and is found "chiefly tipped; heads one to many, densely floccose, 1.0 confined to dry gravelly soil immediately bor- cm broad, excluding tips of bracts, several- dering thickets of the California Chamiso flowered; bracts to 2.5 cm long with one to three {AdenoStome fasciculatum)." (Elmer 1906). pair of lateral lobes, exceeding the heads by 1.0 to 1.5 cm, light green; the bases often com- pletely obscured by dense, white wool; calyx 5.0 14. Eriastrum hooveri (Jeps. ) H. L. Mason, to 6.0 mm long; lobes unequal, joined by a hya- Madrono 8:89, 1945. line membrane, embedded in white wool; corol- la regular, salverform or very narrowly funnel- Hugelia hooveri Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3:167. form, 5.0 to 8.0 mm long; lobes elliptic, 2.5 mm 1943. long, blue or white; throat 1.2.5 long, tube mm Annual to 15.0 cm high, racemose, corym- 3.5 long, sinus to stamen insertion 1.5 mm; mm bose, virgate, or branched from the base; her- stamens adnata to base of throat, equal or sub- bage lightly floccose to subglabrate, intemodes equal, 1.5 long; filaments 1.0 to 1.25 mm mm 0.5 to 3.0 cm long; leaves filiform, 0.5 to 2.5 cm long; anthers versatile, subsagittate, 0.50 to 0.75 long, entire or with one pair of lateral lobes; long; stigma ca. 0.50 mm long, style 2.0 mm mm lobes to 5.0 mm long; heads one to few, com- long, ovary three-loculed, capsule spreading at monly 0.50 to 0.75 mm broad excluding tips of dehiscence, locules one-seeded. bracts, two- to eight-flowered, floccose to lightly Type: A. D. E. Elmer 4586. DS. Black- so; bracts 0.8 to 1.5 cm long, exceeding the

Mountain, Santa Clara County, California ( Black heads, with one pair of lateral lobes; calyx lobes Mountain of the Santa Cruz Mountains, not imequal, 4.0 to 6.0 mm long, joined by a hyaline Black Mountain of the Mount Hamilton Range, membrane; corolla regular, subsalverform, 5.0 to cf. Sharsmith 1944). 6.0 mm long, white; lobes 2.0 to 2.5 mm long and sinus Range: Santa Cruz Mountains and Mount 0.75 to 1.0 mm broad; throat 1.0 mm long, to stamen insertion 1.0 mm; tube 2.0 to 2. .5 Hamilton Range in Santa Clara County south to mm long; stamens 1.0 to 1.2.5 long, equal; fila- San Benito County and north in Lake County. mm ments 0.75 to 1.0 mm long; anthers sagittate- Eriastnim ahrainsii is known from Lake cordate, versatile, 0.50 mm long; stigmas 0.25 to County and from the Santa Cruz Mountains and 0..50 mm long; style ca. 2.0 mm long, ovary the Hamilton Range, where it is more Mount three-loculed, each locule one- to four-seeded. common. It is remarkable for the contrast be- tween the light green of the leaves and bracts Type: R. F. Hoover 1846. JEPS. Shafter, and the very dense white mass of wool, which Kern County, California. obscures the bases of the calyces and the bracts Range: Southern San Joaquin Valley, Fi>esno and continues to ;i short way down the stem. and Kem counties, California. The plants are of short stature, usually 15.0 cm or less high; and the stems may be solitary, Eriastrum hooveri occurs on alkaline areas branched racemosely, corymbosely, or diffusely and dry stream beds in the San Joaquin Valley. from the base. Flowering may occur when the The slender plants of short stature and heads plant is a few centimeters high or when the of two to five flowers suggest a relationship floral head is just above the ground level. As with E. diffusum. The flowers of E. hooveri, the first leaves mav wither, the plant mav be in their small size, resemble those of E. ahrainsii.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank Mrs. Emily Reid of the Uni- of Eriastrum. versity of California, Berkeley, for the drawings 26 Bricham Young U.niveksity Science Bulletin LITERATURE CITED

Brand, A. 1907. , in Engler, Das the genus Eriastrum. I. The corolla and androecium. Pflanzenreich. IV. 250:1-203. Leipzig. Phytomorphology 18:393-402. A. A. 1906. Botanical exploration in Cali- Craig, T. 1934. A revi.sion of the subgenus Hu^clki Heller, fornia. Muhlenbergia 2:113. of the genus Gilia (Polemoniaceae). Bull. Torrev Club 61:385-396. Jepson, 1943. Flora of California. 3:160-168. ASUC. Berkeley. Elmer, A. D. E. 1906. New and noteworthy western Jones, M. E. 1910. New species and notes. Contr. plants 3. Bot. Gaz. 41:309-326. West Bot. 13:2. 1937. Annotations upon the California flora. Ewan, J. Kearney', T. H., and R. H. Peeble.s. 1951. Arizona I. Bull. Torrey Club 64:520-521. Flora. University of California Press, Berkeley and Gray, A. 1854. Plantae novae thurberiauae. Mem. Los Angeles. Arts and Sci. N. Ser. 5:298-302. al. International code of botani- Amer. Acad. Lanjouw, J. et 1906. Cray, A. 1870. Revision of North American Pole- cal nomenclature. International Bureau for Plant moniaceae. Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 8:247-282. Taxonomy and Nomenclature. Utrecht. Lanjouw, and F. A. Stafleu. 1964. Index Her- Cray, A. 1878. Synoptical flora of North America. J. bariorum. 4th ed. Utrecht. 2:128-151. New York. Mason, H. L. 1945. The genus Eriastrum and the Cray, A. 1886. Synoptical flora of North America. influence of Bentham & Gray upon the problem of 2nd ed. 2:128-151, 406-412. New York. generic confusion in Polemoniaceae. Madrono Harrison, H. K. 1959. Morphological and taxonomic 8:65-91. studies in the genus Eriastrum. Ph.D. Thesis. Uni- Sharsmith, H. K. 1944. Notes on Nai'arreti