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A Momentous Meeting. Acts 15:1-35 Momentous Meetings in February

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A Momentous Meeting. Acts 15:1-35 Momentous Meetings in February 1 A Momentous Meeting. Acts 15:1-35 Momentous meetings In February 1945 there was a momentous meeting of allied leaders at the city of Yalta on the Black sea coast of Crimea. Here Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin met to discuss what would happen after the war against Germany ended. The agreement reached at that meeting influenced the history of Europe and the world for the decades that followed, with decisions affecting the partition of Germany, the integrity of Poland and Soviet influence in Eastern Europe, the establishment of the United Nations, and Russia’s engagement with the war against Japan. It was a history shaping meeting of the powerful. Yet the meeting of the leaders of a marginal and despised religious movement recorded in Acts 15 has had a far greater influence on world history for it clarified the content of the Christian message and the character of the community of believers that message was giving birth to. You and I are affected by the decisions taken on that day, decisions about the basis, the grounds, on which we can be included in God’s people, the grounds on which we are saved for eternity. So why did that Acts 15 meeting ever take place? What was the issue? What were the conclusions? And how did these believers arrive at those conclusions? Why did this meeting take place? The success of Paul and Barnabas’ mission Acts 13-14 The reader of Acts has just witnessed the success of Paul and Barnabas’ Spirit directed mission. They had been appointed to the task of taking the gospel into what is now Turkey by the Spirit [Acts 13:2], and the Spirit has accompanied their ministry with powerful works, like the blinding of Elymas who opposed the gospel on Cyprus [Acts 13:11] or the healing of the cripple at Lystra. Throughout the cities of Antioch in Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra and Derbe many Gentiles, that is non Jewish people, had believed in the Lord Jesus Acts 13: 48 And when the Gentiles heard this, they began rejoicing and glorifying the word of the Lord, and as many as were appointed to eternal life believed. Acts 14: 21 When they had preached the gospel to that city and had made many disciples, they returned to Lystra and to Iconium and to Antioch, 2 God, in the words of their report on returning to Antioch in Syria, had “opened a door of faith to the Gentiles.” 14:27 A serious claim 15:1 While that news was a cause of joy for some, it was disturbing to others. Jews and Gentiles had been divided from each other for centuries, divided by the Jewish commitment to the law given by Moses. That division had created a history of hostility between the two groups. For many Jews Gentiles were idolaters, sexually immoral, ritually unclean. It seemed strange that they could become followers of the Jewish Messiah and included amongst the people of the Messiah without first becoming Jews, and to become a Jew you had to commit yourself to the law. So we read that Acts 15: But some men came down from Judea and were teaching the brothers, “Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved.” This was the position of a sizable number of Jewish believers in Palestine, people we read of in v. 5 Acts 15: 5 But some believers who belonged to the party of the Pharisees rose up and said, “It is necessary to circumcise them and to order them to keep the law of Moses.” Their position is clear. Repentance and faith in Jesus are not enough to be included in the Messiah’s people, to be included in those who will be raised to life. You need more. Circumcision and obedience to the law of Moses. Those claiming this are serious, devout people, genuine in their commitment – people who in the past have been willing to suffer for their commitment to God and His law. And on face value they seem to have a good biblical argument. Abraham believed [Gen 12, 15], and then got circumcised [Gen. 17]. He is the model – you start with faith, and go on to circumcision Abraham’s true child Isaac, he was the one who was circumcised from birth. 3 And if you look at Jewish history the promise to Abraham found fulfilment in the giving of the law, which was God’s law. So what has been true for Abraham and the Jewish people should be true for people coming to worship Abraham’s God through faith in the Jewish messiah Jesus. They should commit to circumcision and the law. And if they were committed to the law it would make it possible for them to associate with Jewish people. Unity would be guaranteed. There would be no more worries about eating unclean food or contamination. It would have a pastoral benefit. A necessary referral 15:2 It sounds reasonable, but it provoked controversy, “no small dissension and debate’ between these teachers and Paul and Barnabas, the gospel preachers. Acts 15: 2 And after Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and debate with them, Paul and Barnabas and some of the others were appointed to go up to Jerusalem to the apostles and the elders about this question. And there was good reason for that dissension. Their teaching threw doubt on the gospel the apostles were preaching – was it the whole message, given by God, or a deficient message, lacking vital information about salvation? It challenged the basis of a believer’s security and hope – does it depend on what Jesus has done, or on what we do, our law keeping? If that’s the case, no believer can be secure. What is the basis for the unity and identity of the people of the Messiah? Is it trusting Jesus, or is it in those who trust Jesus becoming Jews. That is saying that the only way to overcome the great ethnic divide is through the triumph of one group over the other. The gospel would then become just a vehicle for Jewish nationalism, just as Islam with its insistence that all must learn Arabic to read the Quran is a vehicle for arab nationalism. And there are a whole series of theological questions, that Paul explores and answers in Galatians. There he writes that an insistence on circumcision and law keeping means Christ died for nothing, abandons grace, destroys the 4 power and certainty of the promise, and means we rely on the flesh and not the Spirit. But the dispute was not settled by Paul handing out his letter to the Galatians and saying ‘Here, read this.’ It was settled by referring the matter to the apostles and elders in Jerusalem, the centre of the Jesus movement and still the home of those who were its founding preachers. And that is important, for the point of Acts 15 is that the decision they take is not just Paul carrying the day, persuading them to his point of view. It is the common mind of all authority in the church, a common mind arrived at by considering what God had done, was doing and had said He would do. It was the decision that God gave. What was said at this meeting in Jerusalem? After ‘much debate’ v. 7 the assembled elders and apostles gave their attention to three main contributions – those of Peter, Paul and Barnabas, and James. Firstly, Peter reminded them about what God had already done in saving Gentiles. He returns to the Cornelius episode that Luke has recorded in Acts 10. Acts 15: 7 And after there had been much debate, Peter stood up and said to them, “Brothers, you know that in the early days God made a choice among you, that by my mouth the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel and believe. 8 And God, who knows the heart, bore witness to them, by giving them the Holy Spirit just as he did to us, 9 and he made no distinction between us and them, having cleansed their hearts by faith. This is what God has done – Peter, vv. 7-10 Learning from Cornelius Cornelius, a Roman centurion, was clearly a Gentile [Acts 10:28]. But Peter reminds them that it was God’s deliberate decision that Cornelius should hear the gospel, and that Peter should preach it to him v. 7. In fact we know how 5 God brought that meeting about – giving a dream to Cornelius to send for Peter with instructions about where to find him at the house of Simon the tanner, and giving a vision to Peter to embolden him to go to the home of a Gentile. Peter’s preaching of the gospel to Cornelius was all God’s work. The giving of the Spirit without distinction Ezk. 36:25-27 And it was God who made clear Cornelius and his household’s inclusion in the people of God by faith. Before Peter had finished speaking, before Cornelius was baptised with water, God poured His Spirit upon them and they showed the same behaviour, ‘speaking in tongues and extolling God’ [10:46], that the apostles has shown when they received the Spirit. There was no baptism, no laying on of hands, no circumcision. It was the direct work of God, testimony from God that 9 and he made no distinction between us and them, having cleansed their hearts by faith. 10 Cornelius, the Gentile, had experienced the fulfilment of the promise of the Spirit in Joel 2 and Ezekiel 36, just by faith in Jesus.
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