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12 Modoc Nation Motion to Dismiss Case 2:20-cv-00688-WBS-DMC Document 12 Filed 08/03/20 Page 1 of 23 1 Michael A. Robinson (SBN 214666) Patrick Bergin (SBN 269672) 2 Peebles Kidder Bergin & Robinson LLP 3 2020 L Street, Suite 250 Sacramento, CA 95811 4 Telephone: (916) 441-2700 Facsimile: (916) 441-2067 5 Email: [email protected] 6 Attorneys for Tribal Defendants 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFRONIA 9 10 11 TULE LAKE COMMITTEE, No. 2:20-cv-00688-WBS-DMC 12 Plaintiff, MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND 13 v. AUTHORITIES IN SUPPORT OF MODOC NATION, BILL G. 14 FOLLIS, JUDY COBB, PHIL FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, FOLLIS, JACK SHADWICK, and 15 CITY OF TULELAKE, CALIFORNIA, CITY ROMONA ROSIERE’S MOTION COUNCIL OF CITY OF TULELAKE, BILL G. TO DISMISS 16 FOLLIS, JUDY COBB, PHIL FOLLIS, JACK SHADWICK, ROMONA ROSIERE, and DATE: SEPTEMBER 21, 2020 17 MODOC NATION fka MODOC TRIBE OF TIME: 1:30 PM OKLAHOMA, COURTROOM: 5, 14TH FLOOR 18 JUDGE: THE HONORABLE WILLIAM B. SHUBB 19 Defendants. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES IN SUPPORT OF TRIBAL DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS Case 2:20-cv-00688-WBS-DMC Document 12 Filed 08/03/20 Page 2 of 23 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 3 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 5 4 FACTUAL BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 5 5 I. Modoc Territory................................................................................................................. 6 6 II. The Committee’s Relationship to the Property ........................................................... 8 III. Post-World War II History and Airport Development .............................................. 9 7 IV. The Modoc Nation’s Interest in the Airport and Transfer to The Modoc Nation . 10 8 ARGUMENT ............................................................................................................................... 11 9 I. Modoc Nation and the Named Tribal Council Officials Should be Dismissed for Lack 10 of Subject-matter Jurisdiction Under Rule 12(b)(1)............................................................ 12 11 II. Plaintiffs Have not Asserted a Cognizable Claim Against the Nation and its Tribal Council Members. ................................................................................................................... 14 12 III. Plaintiff’s Complaint Should be Dismissed in Total, and With Prejudice, Under 13 Rule 19(b), Because Modoc Nation is an Indispensable Party, and Modoc Nation Cannot be Joined .................................................................................................................................. 16 14 a. The Nation is a Necessary and Required Party Under Rule 19. .......................... 17 15 b. Rule 19 Requires Dismissal. ..................................................................................... 20 16 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................... 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2 MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES IN SUPPORT OF TRIBAL DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS Case 2:20-cv-00688-WBS-DMC Document 12 Filed 08/03/20 Page 3 of 23 1 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 2 3 Federal Cases 4 Allen v. Gold Country Casino, 464 F.3d 1044, 1048 (9th Cir. 2006) ........................................... 14 5 Alvarado v. Table Mtn. Rancheria, 509 F.3d 1008, 1015-16 (9th Cir. 2007) .............................. 12 America Greyhound Racing, Inc. v. Hull, 305 F.3d 1015, 1025 (9th Cir. 2002).......................... 22 6 Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 US 662, 678 (2009) ............................................................................. 14, 15 7 Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 US 544, 570 (2007) ................................................ 14, 15, 16 Breakthrough Mgt. Group v. Chukchansi Gold Casino & Resort, 629 F.3d 1173, 1182-83 (10th 8 Cir. 2010) .................................................................................................................................. 12 9 Burley v. Onewest Bank, FSB 2014 WL 12571400 (E.D. Cal. 2014) .......................................... 14 California v. Quechan Tribe of Indians, 595 F.2d 1153, 1155(9th Cir. 1979) ............................. 12 10 Clinton v. Babbitt, 180 F.3d 1081 (9th Cir. 1999) .................................................................. 20, 22 11 Cook v. Avi Casino, 548 F.3d 718, 727 (9th Cir. 2008)................................................................ 12 Dawavendewa v. Salt River Project Agr. Imp. And Power Dist., 276 F.3d 1150, 1157 (2002) .. 19, 12 20, 22 EEOC v. Peabody Western Coal Co., 400 F.3d 774, 779 (9th Cir. 2004) .................................... 16 13 Enterprise Mgt. Consultants, Inc. v. United States, 883 F.2d 890, 894 (10th Cir. 1989) ............. 23 14 Jamul Action Committee v. Chaudhuri, 200 F.Supp.3d 1042, 1048 (E.D. Cal. 2016) ................. 17 Kelly v. LL Cool J., 145 FRD 32, 36 (1992) ................................................................................. 14 15 Kescoli v. Babbitt, 101 F.3d 1304 (9th Cir. 1996) .................................................................. 20, 22 16 Kiowa Tribe v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc., 523 US 751, 754 (1998) .............................. 12 Linneen v. Gila River Indian Community, 276 F.3d 489, 492 (9th Cir. 2002) ............................. 12 17 Lomayaktewa v. Hathaway, 520 F.2d 1324, 1325 (9th Cir. 1975) ......................................... 19, 23 18 Manybeads v. United States, 209 F.3d 1164 (9th Cir. 2000) ........................................................ 20 McClendon v. United States, 885 F.2d 627, 633, (9th Cir. 1989)..................................... 19, 20, 22 19 Michigan v. Bay Mills Indian Community, 572 US 782, 803 (2014) ........................................... 12 20 Northrop Corp. v. McDonnell Douglas Corp., 705 F.2d 1030, 1044 (9th Cir. 1983) .................. 19 Oklahoma Tax Comm’n v. Citizen Band Potawatomi Indian Tribe, 498 US 505, 509 (1991) ... 13, 21 14 22 Pan American Co. v. Sycuan Band of Mission Indians, 884 F.2d 416, 419 (9th Cir. 1989) ........ 12 Pit River Home & Agric. Coop. Assoc. v. United States, 30 F.3d 1088, 1103 (9th Cir. 1994) .... 22 23 Quileute Indian Tribe v. Babbitt, 18 F.3d 1456, 1461 (9th Cir. 1994) ......................................... 22 24 Salt River Project Agr. Imp. & Power Dist. v. Lee, 672 F.3d 1176, 1178 (9th Cir. 2012) ......... 17 Shermoen v. United States, 982 F.2d 1312, 1320-21 (9th Cir. 1992) .......................................... 22 25 Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation v. Wold Engineering, 476 US 877, 890 (1985) ........................................................................................................................................ 12 26 United States v.Bowen, 172 F.3d 682, 688 (9th Cir. 1999) .......................................................... 16 27 White v. University of California, 765 F.3d 1010, 1028 (9th Cir. 2014) ................................ 20, 22 Wichita and Affiliated Tribes of Oklahoma v. Hodel, 788 F.2d 765, 778 (D.C.Cir. 1986) .......... 23 28 3 MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES IN SUPPORT OF TRIBAL DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS Case 2:20-cv-00688-WBS-DMC Document 12 Filed 08/03/20 Page 4 of 23 1 Cases 2 85 Fed.Reg. 5464. January 30, 2020 ............................................................................................. 12 Charles F. Wilkinson & Eric R. Biggs, The Evolution of the Termination Policy, 5 AM. INDIAN 3 L. REV 139 (1977) .................................................................................................................. 15 4 Erwin N. Thompson, The Rock: A History of Alcatraz Island 1847-1972, p. 275 (1979) ............ 7 Gregory F. Michno, Circle the Wagons!: Attacks on Wagon Trains in History and Hollywood 5 Films (2009) ............................................................................................................................... 6 6 Handbook of North American Indians, p. 460 ................................................................................ 6 James R. Arnold, The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607-1890, p. 507 (2011)6, 7 7 8 Patrice Kunesh, Tribal Self-Determination in the Age of Scarcity, 54 SD L. Rev. 398, 398 (2009) ................................................................................................................................................... 12 9 Robert H. Ruby, John A. Brown, Indians of the Pacific Northwest: A History, p. 211 (1981) ..... 7 10 The Klamath Project at 100: Conserving our Resources, Dan Keppen (2004) ............................ 10 United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Modoc NF History, 1945, Chapter II, 11 Early History ............................................................................................................................... 6 12 William C. Sturtevant, Handbook of North American Indians: Plateau (1998) ......................... 6, 7 State Rules 13 Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(7)................................................................................................................. 16 14 Fed.R.Civ.P. 19 ...................................................................................................................... passim 15 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(7) ....................................................................................
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