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Wild Bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: Richness, Abundance, and Spatio-Temporal Beta-Diversity
Wild bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: richness, abundance, and spatio-temporal beta-diversity Olivia Messinger Carril1, Terry Griswold2, James Haefner3 and Joseph S. Wilson4 1 Santa Fe, NM, United States of America 2 USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, UT, United States of America 3 Biology Department, Emeritus Professor, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America 4 Department of Biology, Utah State University - Tooele, Tooele, UT, United States of America ABSTRACT Interest in bees has grown dramatically in recent years in light of several studies that have reported widespread declines in bees and other pollinators. Investigating declines in wild bees can be difficult, however, due to the lack of faunal surveys that provide baseline data of bee richness and diversity. Protected lands such as national monuments and national parks can provide unique opportunities to learn about and monitor bee populations dynamics in a natural setting because the opportunity for large-scale changes to the landscape are reduced compared to unprotected lands. Here we report on a 4-year study of bees in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM), found in southern Utah, USA. Using opportunistic collecting and a series of standardized plots, we collected bees throughout the six-month flowering season for four consecutive years. In total, 660 bee species are now known from the area, across 55 genera, and including 49 new species. Two genera not previously known to occur in the state of Utah were discovered, as well as 16 new species records for the state. Bees include ground-nesters, cavity- and twig-nesters, cleptoparasites, narrow specialists, generalists, solitary, and social species. -
Bees in Urban Landscapes: an Investigation of Habitat Utilization By
Bees in urban landscapes: An investigation of habitat utilization By Victoria Agatha Wojcik A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, & Management in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Joe R. McBride, Chair Professor Gregory S. Biging Professor Louise A. Mozingo Fall 2009 Bees in urban landscapes: An investigation of habitat utilization © 2009 by Victoria Agatha Wojcik ABSTRACT Bees in urban landscapes: An investigation of habitat utilization by Victoria Agatha Wojcik Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, & Management University of California, Berkeley Professor Joe R. McBride, Chair Bees are one of the key groups of anthophilies that make use of the floral resources present within urban landscapes. The ecological patterns of bees in cities are under further investigation in this dissertation work in an effort to build knowledge capacity that can be applied to management and conservation. Seasonal occurrence patterns are common among bees and their floral resources in wildland habitats. To investigate the nature of these phenological interactions in cities, bee visitation to a constructed floral resource base in Berkeley, California was monitored in the first year of garden development. The constructed habitat was used by nearly one-third of the locally known bee species. Bees visiting this urban resource displayed distinct patterns of seasonality paralleling those of wildland bees, with some species exhibiting extended seasons. Differential bee visitation patterns are common between individual floral resources. The effective monitoring of bee populations requires an understanding of this variability. To investigate the patterns and trends in urban resource usage, the foraging of the community of bees visiting Tecoma stans resources in three tropical dry forest cities in Costa Rica was studied. -
Wild Bee Species Increase Tomato Production and Respond Differently to Surrounding Land Use in Northern California
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 133 (2006) 81– 87 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Wild bee species increase tomato production and respond differently to surrounding land use in Northern California Sarah S. Greenleaf*, Claire Kremen1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Pollination provided by bees enhances the production of many crops. However, the contri- Received 11 December 2005 bution of wild bees remains unmeasured for many crops, and the effects of anthropogenic Received in revised form change on many bee species are unstudied. We experimentally investigated how pollina- 5 May 2006 tion by wild bees affects tomato production in northern California. We found that wild bees Accepted 16 May 2006 substantially increase the production of field-grown tomato, a crop generally considered Available online 24 July 2006 self-pollinating. Surveys of the bee community on 14 organic fields that varied in proximity to natural habitat showed that the primary bee visitors, Anthophora urbana Cresson and Keywords: Bombus vosnesenskii Radoszkowski, were affected differently by land management prac- Agro-ecosystem tices. B. vosnesenskii was found primarily on farms proximate to natural habitats, but nei- Crop pollination ther proximity to natural habitat nor tomato floral abundance, temperature, or year Ecosystem services explained variation in the visitation rates of A. urbana. Natural habitat appears to increase Bombus vosnesenskii B. vosnesenskii populations and should be preserved near farms. Additional research is Anthophora urbana needed to determine how to maintain A. urbana. Species-specific differences in depen- Habitat conservation dency on natural habitats underscore the importance of considering the natural histories of individual bee species when projecting population trends of pollinators and designing management plans for pollination services. -
Quaderni Del Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale Di Ferrara
ISSN 2283-6918 Quaderni del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara Anno 2018 • Volume 6 Q 6 Quaderni del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara Periodico annuale ISSN. 2283-6918 Editor: STEFA N O MAZZOTT I Associate Editors: CARLA CORAZZA , EM A N UELA CAR I A ni , EN R ic O TREV is A ni Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara, Italia Comitato scientifico / Advisory board CE S ARE AN DREA PA P AZZO ni FI L ipp O Picc OL I Università di Modena Università di Ferrara CO S TA N ZA BO N AD im A N MAURO PELL I ZZAR I Università di Ferrara Ferrara ALE ss A N DRO Min ELL I LU ci O BO N ATO Università di Padova Università di Padova MAURO FA S OLA Mic HELE Mis TR I Università di Pavia Università di Ferrara CARLO FERRAR I VALER I A LE nci O ni Università di Bologna Museo delle Scienze di Trento PI ETRO BRA N D M AYR CORRADO BATT is T I Università della Calabria Università Roma Tre MAR C O BOLOG N A Nic KLA S JA nss O N Università di Roma Tre Linköping University, Sweden IRE N EO FERRAR I Università di Parma In copertina: Fusto fiorale di tornasole comune (Chrozophora tintoria), foto di Nicola Merloni; sezione sottile di Micrite a foraminiferi planctonici del Cretacico superiore (Maastrichtiano), foto di Enrico Trevisani; fiore di digitale purpurea (Digitalis purpurea), foto di Paolo Cortesi; cardo dei lanaioli (Dipsacus fullonum), foto di Paolo Cortesi; ala di macaone (Papilio machaon), foto di Paolo Cortesi; geco comune o tarantola (Tarentola mauritanica), foto di Maurizio Bonora; occhio della sfinge del gallio (Macroglossum stellatarum), foto di Nicola Merloni; bruco della farfalla Calliteara pudibonda, foto di Maurizio Bonora; piumaggio di pernice dei bambù cinese (Bambusicola toracica), foto dell’archivio del Museo Civico di Lentate sul Seveso (Monza). -
Native Bees Are a Rich Natural Resource in Urban California Gardens
RESEARCh ARtiCLE t Native bees are a rich natural resource in urban California gardens by Gordon W. Frankie, Robbin W. Thorp, Jennifer Hernandez, Mark Rizzardi, Barbara Ertter, Jaime C. Pawelek, Sara L. Witt, Mary Schindler, Rollin Coville and Victoria A. Wojcik Evidence is mounting that pollina- tors of crop and wildland plants are declining worldwide. Our research group at UC Berkeley and UC Davis conducted a 3-year survey of bee pol- linators in seven cities from Northern California to Southern California. Results indicate that many types of urban residential gardens provide floral and nesting resources for the reproduction and survival of bees, especially a diversity of native bees. Habitat gardening for bees, using targeted ornamental plants, can pre- dictably increase bee diversity and abundance, and provide clear pollina- About 1,600 native bee species have been recorded in California. the bees provide critical ecological and pollination services in wildlands and croplands, as well as urban areas. Above, a tion benefits. female solitary bee (Svasta obliqua expurgata) on purple coneflower (Echinacea pupurea). utdoor urban areas worldwide known in the entire United States, portant benefits to people that include are known to support a rich di- about 1,600 have been recorded in aesthetic pleasure, awareness of urban versityO of insect life (Frankie and Ehler California. native fauna conservation, pollination 1978). Some insects are undesirable and Our recent work on urban California of garden plants that provide food for characterized as pests, such as aphids, bees in the San Francisco Bay Area people and animals, and environmental snails, earwigs and borers; urban resi- (Frankie et al. -
Bumble Bee Abundance in New York City Community Gardens: Implications for Urban Agriculture
Matteson and Langellotto: URBAN BUMBLE BEE ABUNDANCE Cities and the Environment 2009 Volume 2, Issue 1 Article 5 Bumble Bee Abundance in New York City Community Gardens: Implications for Urban Agriculture Kevin C. Matteson and Gail A. Langellotto Abstract A variety of crops are grown in New York City community gardens. Although the production of many crops benefits from pollination by bees, little is known about bee abundance in urban community gardens or which crops are specifically dependent on bee pollination. In 2005, we compiled a list of crop plants grown within 19 community gardens in New York City and classified these plants according to their dependence on bee pollination. In addition, using mark-recapture methods, we estimated the abundance of a potentially important pollinator within New York City urban gardens, the common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens). This species is currently recognized as a valuable commercial pollinator of greenhouse crops. However, wild populations of B. impatiens are abundant throughout its range, including in New York City community gardens, where it is the most abundant native bee species present and where it has been observed visiting a variety of crop flowers. We conservatively counted 25 species of crop plants in 19 surveyed gardens. The literature suggests that 92% of these crops are dependent, to some degree, on bee pollination in order to set fruit or seed. Bombus impatiens workers were observed visiting flowers of 78% of these pollination-dependent crops. Estimates of the number of B. impatiens workers visiting individual gardens during the study period ranged from 3 to 15 bees per 100 m2 of total garden area and 6 to 29 bees per 100 m2 of garden floral area. -
Irrigation Method Does Not Affect Wild Bee Pollinators of Hybrid Sunflower by Hillary Sardiñas, Collette Yee and Claire Kremen
Research Article Irrigation method does not affect wild bee pollinators of hybrid sunflower by Hillary Sardiñas, Collette Yee and Claire Kremen Irrigation method has the potential to directly or indirectly influence populations of factors that determine crop success, such wild bee crop pollinators nesting and foraging in irrigated crop fields. The majority of as pollination. Wild bees are the most effective and wild bee species nest in the ground, and their nests may be susceptible to flooding. In abundant crop pollinators (Garibaldi addition, their pollination of crops can be influenced by nectar quality and quantity, et al. 2013). The majority of wild bees which are related to water availability. To determine whether different irrigation excavate nests beneath the soil (known methods affect crop pollinators, we compared the number of ground-nesting bees as ground nesters). Irrigation has the po- tential to saturate nests, possibly drown- nesting and foraging in drip- and furrow-irrigated hybrid sunflower fields in the ing bee larvae and adults. It could also Sacramento Valley. We found that irrigation method did not impact wild bee nesting indirectly impact crop pollinators by rates or foraging bee abundance or bee species richness. These findings suggest that affecting their foraging choices. Bee for- changing from furrow irrigation to drip irrigation to conserve water likely will not alter aging decisions are often related to floral reward, namely nectar quantity and hybrid sunflower crop pollination. quality (Roubik and Buchmann 1984; Stone 1994). Nectar production is related to water availability; increased water rrigation practices and water use ef- 1969, delivers water directly to the plant leads to higher nectar volume expressed ficiency are increasingly scrutinized root zone, thus improving water effi- (e.g., Petanidou et al. -
Creating a Pollinator Garden for Native Specialist Bees of New York and the Northeast
Creating a pollinator garden for native specialist bees of New York and the Northeast Maria van Dyke Kristine Boys Rosemarie Parker Robert Wesley Bryan Danforth From Cover Photo: Additional species not readily visible in photo - Baptisia australis, Cornus sp., Heuchera americana, Monarda didyma, Phlox carolina, Solidago nemoralis, Solidago sempervirens, Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pringlii. These shade-loving species are in a nearby bed. Acknowledgements This project was supported by the NYS Natural Heritage Program under the NYS Pollinator Protection Plan and Environmental Protection Fund. In addition, we offer our appreciation to Jarrod Fowler for his research into compiling lists of specialist bees and their host plants in the eastern United States. Creating a Pollinator Garden for Specialist Bees in New York Table of Contents Introduction _________________________________________________________________________ 1 Native bees and plants _________________________________________________________________ 3 Nesting Resources ____________________________________________________________________ 3 Planning your garden __________________________________________________________________ 4 Site assessment and planning: ____________________________________________________ 5 Site preparation: _______________________________________________________________ 5 Design: _______________________________________________________________________ 6 Soil: _________________________________________________________________________ 6 Sun Exposure: _________________________________________________________________ -
Gut Content Metabarcoding Unveils the Diet of a Flower‐Associated Coastal
ECOSPHERE NATURALIST No guts, no glory: Gut content metabarcoding unveils the diet of a flower-associated coastal sage scrub predator PAUL MASONICK , MADISON HERNANDEZ, AND CHRISTIANE WEIRAUCH Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521 USA Citation: Masonick, P., M. Hernandez, and C. Weirauch. 2019. No guts, no glory: Gut content metabarcoding unveils the diet of a flower-associated coastal sage scrub predator. Ecosphere 10(5):e02712. 10.1002/ecs2.2712 Abstract. Invertebrate generalist predators are ubiquitous and play a major role in food-web dynamics. Molecular gut content analysis (MGCA) has become a popular means to assess prey ranges and specificity of cryptic arthropods in the absence of direct observation. While this approach has been widely used to study predation on economically important taxa (i.e., pests) in agroecosystems, it is less frequently used to study the broader trophic interactions involving generalist predators in natural communities such as the diverse and threatened coastal sage scrub communities of Southern California. Here, we employ DNA metabarcoding-based MGCA and survey the taxonomically and ecologically diverse prey range of Phymata pacifica Evans, a generalist flower-associated ambush bug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). We detected predation on a wide array of taxa including beneficial pollinators, potential pests, and other predatory arthropods. The success of this study demonstrates the utility of MGCA in natural ecosystems and can serve as a model for future diet investigations into other cryptic and underrepresented communities. Key words: biodiversity; blocking primers; DNA detectability half-life; Eriogonum fasciculatum; food webs; intraguild predation; natural enemies. Received 24 January 2019; accepted 11 February 2019. -
Unique Bee Communities Within Vacant Lots and Urban Farms Result from Variation in Surrounding Urbanization Intensity
sustainability Article Unique Bee Communities within Vacant Lots and Urban Farms Result from Variation in Surrounding Urbanization Intensity Frances S. Sivakoff ID , Scott P. Prajzner and Mary M. Gardiner * ID Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; [email protected] (F.S.S.); [email protected] (S.P.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-330-601-6628 Received: 1 May 2018; Accepted: 5 June 2018; Published: 8 June 2018 Abstract: We investigated the relative importance of vacant lot and urban farm habitat features and their surrounding landscape context on bee community richness, abundance, composition, and resource use patterns. Three years of pan trap collections from 16 sites yielded a rich assemblage of bees from vacant lots and urban farms, with 98 species documented. We collected a greater bee abundance from vacant lots, and the two forms of greenspace supported significantly different bee communities. Plant–pollinator networks constructed from floral visitation observations revealed that, while the average number of bees utilizing available resources, niche breadth, and niche overlap were similar, the composition of floral resources and common foragers varied by habitat type. Finally, we found that the proportion of impervious surface and number of greenspace patches in the surrounding landscape strongly influenced bee assemblages. At a local scale (100 m radius), patch isolation appeared to limit colonization of vacant lots and urban farms. However, at a larger landscape scale (1000 m radius), increasing urbanization resulted in a greater concentration of bees utilizing vacant lots and urban farms, illustrating that maintaining greenspaces provides important habitat, even within highly developed landscapes. -
Insect Pollination of Prickly-Pears (Opuntia: Cactaceae) Author(S): Bruce D
Southwestern Association of Naturalists Insect Pollination of Prickly-Pears (Opuntia: Cactaceae) Author(s): Bruce D. Parfitt and Charles H. Pickett Source: The Southwestern Naturalist, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Jan. 30, 1980), pp. 104-107 Published by: Southwestern Association of Naturalists Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3671218 Accessed: 13-11-2015 20:21 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Southwestern Association of Naturalists is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Southwestern Naturalist. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 156.40.216.1 on Fri, 13 Nov 2015 20:21:54 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions I t:Y ~oIL I tsF `.'4 ...,'',' "-,,,'., ',", Fig. 1. Nests of Osprey (upper) and Great Blue Heron in cardon cactus, Tiburon Island, Sonora, May 1978. almost immediately. The heron returned within a few minutes and attempted to alight on its nest. It made three attemptsby approaching from above and passing over or alongside the Osprey nest. In each case it was driven off by the Osprey. On its fourthattempt it approached the nest fromthe frontand below, apparently not disturbingthe Osprey, and was permittedto settle on its nest. -
Insects and Related Arthropods Associated with of Agriculture
USDA United States Department Insects and Related Arthropods Associated with of Agriculture Forest Service Greenleaf Manzanita in Montane Chaparral Pacific Southwest Communities of Northeastern California Research Station General Technical Report Michael A. Valenti George T. Ferrell Alan A. Berryman PSW-GTR- 167 Publisher: Pacific Southwest Research Station Albany, California Forest Service Mailing address: U.S. Department of Agriculture PO Box 245, Berkeley CA 9470 1 -0245 Abstract Valenti, Michael A.; Ferrell, George T.; Berryman, Alan A. 1997. Insects and related arthropods associated with greenleaf manzanita in montane chaparral communities of northeastern California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-167. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. Agriculture; 26 p. September 1997 Specimens representing 19 orders and 169 arthropod families (mostly insects) were collected from greenleaf manzanita brushfields in northeastern California and identified to species whenever possible. More than500 taxa below the family level wereinventoried, and each listing includes relative frequency of encounter, life stages collected, and dominant role in the greenleaf manzanita community. Specific host relationships are included for some predators and parasitoids. Herbivores, predators, and parasitoids comprised the majority (80 percent) of identified insects and related taxa. Retrieval Terms: Arctostaphylos patula, arthropods, California, insects, manzanita The Authors Michael A. Valenti is Forest Health Specialist, Delaware Department of Agriculture, 2320 S. DuPont Hwy, Dover, DE 19901-5515. George T. Ferrell is a retired Research Entomologist, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2400 Washington Ave., Redding, CA 96001. Alan A. Berryman is Professor of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382. All photographs were taken by Michael A. Valenti, except for Figure 2, which was taken by Amy H.