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Soil Survey Report of Geita and Sengerema Districts Tanga

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Soil Survey Report of Geita and Sengerema Districts Tanga URT-S-28 (2 VOL) AG: URT/73/006 Technical Report 3 SOIL SURVEY REPORT OF GEITA AND SENGEREMA DISTRICTS Volume A Main Report United Nations Development Programme Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Tanga 1982 National Soil Service AG:URT/73/006 Tanzania TechnicalReport 3 SOIL SURVEY REPORT OF GEITA AND SENGEREMA DISTRICTS Report prepared for the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania by The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations acting as executing agency for the United Nations Development Programme based ort the work of E. De Pauw Soil Survey Officer UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS TANGA,1982 This technical report is one of a series of reports prepared during the course of the UNDP/FAO project identified on the title page. The conclusions and recommendations given in the report are those considered appropriate at the time of its preparation. They may be modified in the light of further know- ledge gained at subsequent stages of the project. The designations employed and the presentation of the materialinthis document and maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations or the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. TIBIE CONTE TS ABSTRACT Chapter 1, INTRODUCTION I.I. Background and implementation .2. Summary oi conclusions and recoations Chapter 2, ENVIR0.:, 6 2.1. Location, ,yopulation andcommunicatj.c.. 6 2.2. Clius.-Ge 6 2.2 6 2.2.2. 7 2.2.3.pi-T.strn 13 2.2.4. Ii1!.onin relation to rainfall 2.3. Geology T8 2.4. Oaoc,)!1. 20 20 TI Halisfr,oHolDe associations 21 7_,owsD,3 plains 29 2.4.5, 7cstrins: 2? 2.5. ' rs.-30us:'ee,) 22 2.6.Vegetation 23 2.7.Present use 27 Chapter 3, SOILS 30 3.1. The Soil Hap Degsud 30 3.2. General descri7G-T.r,r, of the soil, 72 3.2.1. 15;11;.Y,C,.soils on granitic roLors 33 3.2.2. -L_)!Il soils on Nyanzian 1::,virondian 35 3.2i To:I 37 .,;iou in relation to 39 3.3. Duscio,A o2 tT ing units 40 40 3.3.3, U012n," r L. 46 s'ougs') olains 49 3.3.5, Lf,-,11.,711ir, 2ief,.n2 51 Chapter 4,LAND 7UITABILITY EVALUATION 4.1. General coysj,derations 53 4.2. RelevFmt iier ,2,.1tecnai;ives 54 4.2.1, Suo.r.ly,Y,c rAvbir, techllolo.gy 54 4.22, rr.f60 paddy rice, inter- , 'Gccia,v:loy 56 4.2,3 Lc.ur rcT aachacized rainfed agriculture 57 4.3. Land 's;ses, land qualities and land charata2iFti 58 4.4. Land suiciolit,T. sification of Geita Sengerema Districts 61 4.4.1. Rating of the land qualities 61 Re/6i10.2.s oP la_ddsuitability 65 . 4.4.2. 4.5. Conclusions al:1.c',7. -T;,e;-;dlations 74 References 79 page Techni al A endix I. SOIL SURVEY T1ETHODS 82 AI.I. Field methods 82 Office methods 82 Laboratoly methods 84 Appendi:,: 2, METHODS FOR THE RATING OF THE LAND QUALITIES A2.1, Introduction 85 A2.2. Land quality :moisture availability 86 A2.3. Land quality :dependable moisture availability 62 A2.40 Land rinality : soil fertility 89 A2.5. Land quality : drainage conditions in the growing season rD,) A2.6 haad quality : workability A2.7, Land Tuality : possibilities for mechanization 94 A2.8, Land cuality :erosion hazard 98 A2.9. Land roisilty : capability for maintaining surface water 103 ShiicLopeadix 3, THE ASSESST7TNT OP DEPENDABLE MOISTURE L.V71ITaFfLITY FOIL COTTON AND MAIZE IN GRITA AND SENGEREMA DISTRICTS 106 A3.I, Introduction 106 A3.2. Pfiuciples of the methodology 107 A3.3, Methodology 127 A5,4, ProceduT'e -1,T'0 11.50Del)endable moisture availability for cotton and maize. Results. 114 A3.6. Rating of the land quality "dependable moisture availability". 119 A3.7. Example of calculations for cotton. 120 pendim 4, SOIL GENE SIS IN RELATION TO MAJOR SOIL -1"aiNdr-l'ACTORS 125 A4.I. Pal'ent material 125 A4.2, Oliipate 126 kA.3. Topography 127 Ti ole 129 Biologioal activity 131 TerhicalAppendi:: 5. DESCRIPTION AND ANALYTICAL DATA OP INDIVI- --i5fJa-6i1UNITS 133 A5.I, GI-soils 133 A5.2,G2-soils 139 A5.3.G3-soils 150 ZI-soils 157 A5.5,Z2-soils 167 A5.60 LI-soils 170 A5.7.12-soils 175 A5.8. 13-soils 183 A509. 14-soils 187 A5.10 1,5-soils 193 Awn NTERPRETATION OF SOIL ANALYTICAL DATA 195 PC : 1:12-..,.bleI. Mean prutn tem,p4J:r ;,reres T...;,,bie 2. Mean poath3y end,ers, rod Prj,AiKt/al tempsva Tablo 3Mean mo tbly '33ianra!:,16(111 0 01V;i:;v12:c1 ì To.ble 4 1 S1 On Ka for Ceei1;a-Sengnroma distrfnts IC, T:7,b1.7; 5. Monthly saiLe;o1) distric ts II fiar.0; ,,,AD a thunders tozo frrou 'anoydzor,s, Ta i 7 Potential c.:'aoo '6-eons o ff.? tion aono neli,ag to Peomon, )tl3.Lo C.oad°f.) 14 C,"4:71,01) Tabie 8. 7+,4 i+,71 4.).°4.,1P 47:71+ +.°7* re ruireme al's for oo .17;0')-ald. " Table 9. A.s ers - - Lo:1,suru - 0++++.4 ' ' .11,'`-e'.0.0+3.0year (1969) r..,?c'11,,1 H:\70.1+4+T0'b0:',1 7+, °++ (1949 ) 17 Table 12 ...k:ree.2. tv/ii;,--3and prop° ntions of EA", I"; map p 31 o ?:7 'ities i; engerema ° 63-64 t7+,°7 Table 14Kam ,;:r ';',7°,1'0,; "J 0. ' -r'land unit9 66-68 Table I5La-,2(1. d ; ' 70-72 1691\:+:``7'.4i7+I. ;, 4 :I -,,+),(1 SLID L',1":":0_ 1;:+! 0'11.1 73 A 4 +7,P, +:7:0 + P,(+4 7 00,-4 :7_ 4`.;:, ;1'401%) J:rBe 4110 (74 i7+0:°: available Table 180Ratiag o.-T<I,53,01).3 fk. T abie PA ;;If. CA",' V per 'oil unit 20.Ra 11: 01' ; Tabl? 21,, airns 06s ;ort p er ;$0 Table 22. Rating of ,R,:o loago oeud tsi one; 0 '1 uz 9C Table 23, Ro, o coi?Aj. p ,t q Tab:1e 24,13.a 92 Table 25.13.atio[1s, LLUjj : 1icio3 Table 26.Ra t ro: or, ss.1.7:;.3. stiss fox' medlar) :1.7,eo,foo 94 Table 27 ,Rat lrg re[ s l're me cilar3K, tiou per land unit 96 Table 28Ra Ong 0;7. oo oJ 98 Tab) e 29 ,Rstiu oessoo 1,1) 5 ty to eoil erosipm 50,ps term' ooi os' ne ?Aodib)Msi.;:y fas tor K psr sojI unit IO Table 3T...Ptiag cr.;. so,r7, oouserf'. land ari t 102 Table 32 o ompe rfe t,for msts,luia,s murfor? wateK 103 Table3:1,,01tebngm of oro».r.'n,pt-Q for malataining suemface tsr pes. 1or6. oolt 104 Table 54 .D ep ordablo oPdm availability and most suitable plar f o:p sottou 115 Table 35.Dep end ssistus e o ,..aj lability and mostsuitable planting tines:rn 116 Table 36. Compzriss a of sal tmbj e plenting times for different at.ons; bgogr,:n of li lm 117 Table 37.Ra i,irg of ore:, s'fie osisto'fo avaiD al7o-flit:y 119 Table 38Ratirg o r-osraable NO i9 GU 4, p uni t c S ...mlge-o-c.4,s,s io 119 Table 39. i o Id a fov e (1KJ5T,o'^(¡ ) 120 Table 40 Ave rag,, mor ED:- co t ton for dif.T'o:rert iALIOn 121 T5b19 r1.7 oaLcu1atrol'o2mat T2 Tanle co tton 122 43 0rz,-1,7,.t (gr..0 t, -pos it ions ) -,»-cp vas:1;er for the first. T2 3 o e a.' c, 7j. e.1,.) Table 44Deporulabl,,. mo-;.17:n aJ c.bility Most suitable 124 Table 45 Sumplar;,, c, ;7: analytical data .; averages , and stanc:. ocey io,1; cm; 197 ABSTRACT This report describes a reconnaissance soilallrvey and land suita- bility studyofGeita and :;eagerena Districts, 000.,..a Region, which cover an areaof 9,800 sq.km. Tlao andland suitabj.lity study were c=ied out to assist the Ootto' Authority in planning the expansiou o4 cotton, as well as :ralae tba .ole food of the region. Soils and land suitability maps for cott 'laize were prepared at a scale of 1250,000 A close correlation belo M.Thds of soits, parent materials and lpndforms was obser-?ed in the s. Major soils on granLtic upland plains a.1,1 nills inclaade ooL1 dri .alJwto Capep .dsloamy sank:1'f, and samij- olay rh,aoo,,,T; Nyadoiaa oJiand.s are mainly co;:e.ce6 by 6.raincd soilaTao jocoactone layers at the surface,oil reoi.o, of all upland noiia from slightly to moderately acid, inoa_f_ctly to poorly dsììci clayey soils, often caloaraous or sodic, predominate on lowland plains; soil reaction variea from neutral to strongly alkaline. The soils aud -noia'onment,1 1a,7;'GOa'5of: the area, mainly phycio- and clima a-,aoed iicnus of land 8uitability for relevant 'Gypes , :mow»,oriafed arable farmillg, in particular cotton, maize oal rice,a. -rscoale oachaniood rainfed farming. Most of the no3 hill-footslopeassociitions and rolling occupy . 701:: of the suray.-.H. aoea, are moderately s'itable for cotton groon ult6e:7 a smallholder a,,7scm, modorely to highly suitable for drouLhtarasta.c: crops such as millet and sorghum.Only the western paorG (40') of the io moderately suitable for smallholder maize; owing to imbalanced - -tplyduring the growing season, the risk of c-cy Icilure in tM is severe.The lc- ta:3Z1 lacustrine plains, coer about :.rea, are as a whole ........','t:,s:.'.o,Aly suitable or unsuiabla for bo':1- and mechanized fair.g, mainly because of DOW: drins moeos ouitable for dry-seoo zrazing and partly moderately suitable i-or (:(1.y rice, depending on availability.
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