Ginger Santiago Title: Psychonautic Science and Plant Technologies: Cultural Hegemony, Cannabis, and Consciousness Abstract

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ginger Santiago Title: Psychonautic Science and Plant Technologies: Cultural Hegemony, Cannabis, and Consciousness Abstract Ginger Santiago Title: Psychonautic Science and Plant Technologies: Cultural Hegemony, Cannabis, and Consciousness Abstract: The Westerized cultural of materialism, and its narrrow programming through governmental controls, mass media, scientific materialsim, and other closed-system feeback loops through enculturation, is deterimental to humans and environment. Heresy within a culture becomes a moral imperative when faced with a crisis of this magnitude. The cultural hegemony is a progam and it can be transcended through the use psychonautic science using psychoactive plants as technologies. This paper explores paradigms, human consciousness potentials, cultural programming, and cognitive liberty rights in respects to psychonautic science. The cognitive effects of the cannabis “high” are explored. Humans have the capacity for multiple states of consciousness and plants are technologies to help facilitate access to these states. A Planetary Appraisal Western Culture and its Detrimental Effects We live inside a fragile ecosystem, which we have plundered and poisoned due to our misaligned consumptive and economic values. The current Western dominator culture has turned people into cogs in a machine based on economic growth, and stripped them of any sovereignty and internal self-guidance mechanisms. A shift is desperately needed from our current cultural paradigm of authoritarian, consumeristic, war mongering, plundering, and materialistic values to a discovery of what is “The Real” or what is vital, essential, and true. The internal and consensually enforced resistance to this much needed change comes from an investment in ideas we have not truly considered, for if we had, we surely would discover the flimsy façade of this cultural programming. We repeat what we have been taught, and embrace and defend these beliefs and values. It is further directed and enculturated through media marketing in a consumeristic- brainwashing exercise. We are immersed in what researcher, Richard Eckersley, refers to as a “cultural fraud,” manufactured by this massive and growing media marketing complex (Eckersley, 256). If we examine them, it becomes evident these dominator-culture beliefs and values truly do not hold water, nor do we believe in them with any sincerity. We are able to fool ourselves by adhering to long-held traditions of religions, work “ethics,” economic growth, institutionalized powers, and modern ideas of success and its symbols, which keep us under this spell. This hegemonic promotion of fraudulent materialistic national, social, and personal values, derived from economics, production, and consumption, keeps us distracted from contacting our own inner world, where our internal moral compass can be found. In his article, “Is Modern Western Culture a Health Hazard?" Eckersley says, “Modern Western culture undermines, even reverses, universal values and time-tested wisdom” (Eckersley 254). 2 We are members of a cult and have been brainwashed. The cult is called Westernized Culture. It is a sham. It is poison to the world and the soul of humanity. These ideas were often passed down to us by default from our parents and our grandparents to them. We are eating cold leftovers of the Industrial Age and the Baby Boomer Generation. The sale and the dress suit is a farce. The contents of the pretty packages are toxic, and empty in nutrition or value. Investment in this social program is making us sick and killing the planet (Hari, 181-82). Not only is our outside world polluted and poisoned, we are also feeling the psychological effects on our general collective disposition. Our very well being is threatened by these materialistic and consumptive values. Studies show that these values do not lead to a destination of happiness, but instead “dissatisfaction, depression, anxiety, anger, isolation, and alienation” (Kasser). In Johann Hari’s book, “Chasing the Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs,” Hari discusses what researcher Bruce Alexander calls “dislocation,” or being cutoff from meaning, which Alexander says is borne out of living in the modern age. Withering social bonds and a consumer mindset, he says, brings about dislocation. (Hari, 180). Understanding Context of the Scientific Paradigm Moreover, it appears the status quo, led by traditional science (physics), has subconsciously subscribed to a mechanistic-materialistic scientific worldview. Although this worldview has gone through many revolutions and evolutions within the scientific community, for the sake of simplicity and use, science works in reductionist models using classical (Newtonian) physics (Barseghyan). In general, scientific paradigms are reflected in individual understanding, and cultural practices and beliefs, as it is physics that tells us what is “real,” or defines our reality. Historically, it is science that leads the way in imprinting the current acceptable paradigm for our mainstream experience with reality. 3 Dr. David Hookes, in his paper, “The ‘Quantum Theory’ of Marxian Political Economy, and Sustainable Development,” suggests, “quantum theory is a much better model for understanding society and culture than Cartesian-Newtonianism.” (Hookes, Intro). It is more important than ever that the metaphysical truths discovered by physics, from the time of Einstein onward, should be brought to the general public, and in a way that can be understood. Quantum theory, chaos theory, string theory, the unified field theory, and the “theory of everything,” have a great potential for expanding the material/objectified consciousness imprinting, and therefore help return us to a more integrated worldview (holism), for these new paradigms examine systems and a much deeper interconnectivity. These new paradigms speak of “fields” and that things “arise” from these fields. The new paradigms also speak of instantaneous “spooky action at a distance, ” “wave-particle duality,” and an “observer effect.” In what is called “normal science” a researcher works within the accepted paradigm. The motives for holding old paradigms together have much to do a tendency to “play by the rules,” for publication in research journals, peer recognition, tenured positions, and research monies. In science, when anomalies appear, science is thrust into crisis, which forces the scientists to do what they do not seem to like to do: consider a new philosophy and present concepts that challenge the “normal science.” This leads to scientific revolution. (Kuhn). These kinds of moves within research are met with raucous arguments. There is great resistance to change, as illustrated earlier in our mainstream consensus models. Going along and not rocking the boat must be considered as fail-safes to keep all these structures going and afloat (Schuster, 5-6). Historically, scientists who have dared to challenge the normal science of the time have been met with expulsion, imprisonment, the Inquisition, and even death (Entire Section: Redefining Reality Series). Seemingly “happy illusions” can be fantastic exercises in the game of life. However, in terms of our vital systems of our biological and environment (LIFE) we are at a 4 crossroads. While quantum theory perhaps challenges our perception of the nature of reality, it in no way challenges the reality of nature. In this new paradigm we are forced into many paradoxes. It is a mind expansion that blurs the objectified/materialistic reality, but in a way that also increases our relationship to it. We can begin to experience a sense of “inter-being” with life through the quantum lens. In Johann Hari’s book, “Chasing the Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs,” physician Gabor Mate sums it up: “It’s really like […] we’re still operating out of Newtonian physics in an age of quantum physics. Newtonian physics is very valuable, of course. It deals with a lot of things—but it doesn’t deal with the heart of things” (Hari, 184). As an illustration, Hookes’ paper is examining reconstruction of economics based on the Cartesian-Newtonian model of reality shifting to the quantum theory of economics. In his diagram he shows the transition from a print culture to an internet culture, and the resulting change in social structure and relationship. In this paradigm shift, top-down systems of hierarchal, bureaucratic, undemocratic, alienating, and localized organizational understandings are converted to non- hierarchal, cooperative, delocalized-localized, non-alienating, and democratic. Due to this restructuring, quantum theory, accepted as the standard, poses a threat to the very structures that support our current dominator paradigm (Hookes, 10). It is this very movement from one paradigm to another in which an atmosphere of social equality, cooperativeness, and interconnectivity with each other and the planet that answers can be found for our current crisis. The internet has been a great technological “physical-virtual” extension of these principals. Computer technology has begun in some ways to empower individuals for open source collaborations. 5 Searching for the Red Pill Assessing this situation and intellectually understanding it, only goes so far. The only cure for our planetary crisis is a reconnection, resulting in self-knowledge, and a change in human consciousness. We must find the way to create this opening inside ourselves and then to teach others to do the same. Without this exercise, we will end up committing collective suicide and murder of indigenous peoples. Ecocide, “destruction of the natural environment, especially when willfully
Recommended publications
  • Soma and Haoma: Ayahuasca Analogues from the Late Bronze Age
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Journal of Psychedelic Studies 3(2), pp. 104–116 (2019) DOI: 10.1556/2054.2019.013 First published online July 25, 2019 Soma and Haoma: Ayahuasca analogues from the Late Bronze Age MATTHEW CLARK* School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), Department of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics, University of London, London, UK (Received: October 19, 2018; accepted: March 14, 2019) In this article, the origins of the cult of the ritual drink known as soma/haoma are explored. Various shortcomings of the main botanical candidates that have so far been proposed for this so-called “nectar of immortality” are assessed. Attention is brought to a variety of plants identified as soma/haoma in ancient Asian literature. Some of these plants are included in complex formulas and are sources of dimethyl tryptamine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and other psychedelic substances. It is suggested that through trial and error the same kinds of formulas that are used to make ayahuasca in South America were developed in antiquity in Central Asia and that the knowledge of the psychoactive properties of certain plants spreads through migrants from Central Asia to Persia and India. This article summarizes the main arguments for the botanical identity of soma/haoma, which is presented in my book, The Tawny One: Soma, Haoma and Ayahuasca (Muswell Hill Press, London/New York). However, in this article, all the topics dealt with in that publication, such as the possible ingredients of the potion used in Greek mystery rites, an extensive discussion of cannabis, or criteria that we might use to demarcate non-ordinary states of consciousness, have not been elaborated.
    [Show full text]
  • Near the Himalayas, from Kashmir to Sikkim, at Altitudes the Catholic Inquisition, and the Traditional Use of These of up to 2700 Meters
    Year of edition: 2018 Authors of the text: Marc Aixalà & José Carlos Bouso Edition: Alex Verdaguer | Genís Oña | Kiko Castellanos Illustrations: Alba Teixidor EU Project: New Approaches in Harm Reduction Policies and Practices (NAHRPP) Special thanks to collaborators Alejandro Ponce (in Peyote report) and Eduardo Carchedi (in Kambó report). TECHNICAL REPORT ON PSYCHOACTIVE ETHNOBOTANICALS Volumes I - II - III ICEERS International Center for Ethnobotanical Education Research and Service INDEX SALVIA DIVINORUM 7 AMANITA MUSCARIA 13 DATURA STRAMONIUM 19 KRATOM 23 PEYOTE 29 BUFO ALVARIUS 37 PSILOCYBIN MUSHROOMS 43 IPOMOEA VIOLACEA 51 AYAHUASCA 57 IBOGA 67 KAMBÓ 73 SAN PEDRO 79 6 SALVIA DIVINORUM SALVIA DIVINORUM The effects of the Hierba Pastora have been used by Mazatec Indians since ancient times to treat diseases and for divinatory purposes. The psychoactive compound Salvia divinorum contains, Salvinorin A, is the most potent naturally occurring psychoactive substance known. BASIC INFO Ska Pastora has been used in divination and healing Salvia divinorum is a perennial plant native to the Maza- rituals, similar to psilocybin mushrooms. Maria Sabina tec areas of the Sierra Madre Oriental Mountains of Mexi- told Wasson and Hofmann (the discoverers of its Mazatec co. Its habitat is tropical forests, where it grows between usage) that Salvia divinorum was used in times when the- 300 and 800 meters above sea level. It belongs to the re was a shortage of mushrooms. Some sources that have Lamiaceae family, and is mainly reproduced by cuttings done later feldwork point out that the use of S. divinorum since it rarely produces seeds. may be more widespread than originally believed, even in times when mushrooms were abundant.
    [Show full text]
  • Vít Pokorný Psychonauticon
    Vít Pokorný Psychonauticon LIBRI NIGRI 71 Edited by Hans Rainer Sepp Editorial Board Suzi Adams ∙ Adelaide │ Babette Babich ∙ New York │ Kimberly Baltzer-Jaray ∙ Waterloo, Ontario │ Damir Barbarić ∙ Zagreb │ Marcus Brainard ∙ London │ Martin Cajthaml ∙ Olomouc │ Mauro Carbone ∙ Lyon │ Chan Fai Cheung ∙ Hong Kong │ Cristian Ciocan ∙ Bucure şti │ Ion Copoeru ∙ Cluj-Napoca │ Renato Cristin ∙ Trieste │ Riccardo Dottori ∙ Roma │ Eddo Evink ∙ Groningen │ Matthias Flatscher ∙ Wien │ Dimitri Ginev ∙ Sofia │ Jean-Christophe Goddard ∙ Toulouse │ Andrzej Gniazdowski ∙ Warszawa │ Ludger Hagedorn ∙ Wien │ Terri J. Hennings ∙ Freiburg │ Seongha Hong ∙ Jeollabukdo │ Edmundo Johnson ∙ Santiago de Chile │ René Kaufmann ∙ Dresden │ Vakhtang Kebuladze ∙ Kyjiw │ Dean Komel ∙ Ljubljana │ Pavlos Kontos ∙ Patras │ Kwok-ying Lau ∙ Hong Kong │ Mette Lebech ∙ Maynooth │ Nam-In Lee ∙ Seoul │ Monika Małek ∙ Wrocław │ Balázs Mezei ∙ Budapest │ Viktor Molchanov ∙ Moskwa │ Liangkang Ni ∙ Guanghzou │ Cathrin Nielsen ∙ Frankfurt am Main │ Ashraf Noor ∙ Jerusalem │ Ka rel Novotný ∙ Praha │ Luis Román Rabanaque ∙ Buenos Aires │ Gian Maria Raimondi ∙ Pisa │ Rosemary Rizo-Patrón de Lerner ∙ Lima │ Kiyoshi Sakai ∙ Tokyo │ Javier San Martín ∙ Madrid │ Alexander Schnell ∙ Paris │ Marcia Schuback ∙ Stockholm │ Agustín Serrano de Haro ∙ Madrid │ Tatiana Shchyttsova ∙ Vilnius │ Olga Shparaga ∙ Minsk │ Michael Staudigl ∙ Wien │ Georg Stenger ∙ Wien │ Silvia Stoller ∙ Wien │ Ananta Sukla ∙ Cuttack │ Toru Tani ∙ Kyoto │ Detlef Thiel ∙ Wiesbaden │ Ľubica Učník ∙ Perth │ Pol Vandevelde
    [Show full text]
  • Canterbury Christ Church University's Repository of Research Outputs
    Canterbury Christ Church University’s repository of research outputs http://create.canterbury.ac.uk Please cite this publication as follows: Blackman, S. J. and Bradley, R. (2017) From niche to stigma - headshop to prison: exploring the rise and fall of synthetic cannaboid use amongst young adults. International Journal of Drug Policy, 40. pp. 70-77. ISSN 0955-3959. Link to official URL (if available): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.10.015 This version is made available in accordance with publishers’ policies. All material made available by CReaTE is protected by intellectual property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Contact: [email protected] From Niche to Stigma – Headshops to Prison: exploring the rise and fall of synthetic cannabinoid use amongst young adults Shane Blackman and Rick Bradley Abstract The aim of this paper will be to consider the rise and subsequent fall in NPS use at national and local level with a focus on synthetic cannabinoid products in Kent. We will examine the local practice and policy responses by Kent’s Young Persons' Drug and Alcohol Service towards a possible change in patterns of NPS drug consumption. The county has seen an expansion in the number of Headshops and we present local media coverage on NPS, and the Trading Standards and Kent Police intervention Operation Lantern to regulate Headshops. Through quantitative and qualitative data sets on socially vulnerable young people and prison populations we explore young adults’ perception of pleasure and harm in the use of NPS.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychedelic Gospels
    The Psychedelic Gospels The Psychedelic Gospels The Secret History of Hallucinogens in Christianity Jerry B. Brown, Ph.D., and Julie M. Brown, M.A. Park Street Press Rochester, Vermont • Toronto, Canada Park Street Press One Park Street Rochester, Vermont 05767 www.ParkStPress.com Park Street Press is a division of Inner Traditions International Copyright © 2016 by Jerry B. Brown and Julie M. Brown All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Note to the Reader: The information provided in this book is for educational, historical, and cultural interest only and should not be construed in any way as advocacy for the use of hallucinogens. Neither the authors nor the publishers assume any responsibility for physical, psychological, legal, or any other consequences arising from these substances. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data [cip to come] Printed and bound in XXXXX 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Text design and layout by Priscilla Baker This book was typeset in Garamond Premier Pro with Albertus and Myriad Pro used as display typefaces All Bible quotations are from the King James Bible Online. A portion of proceeds from the sale of this book will support the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS). Founded in 1986, MAPS is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit research and educational organization that develops medical, legal, and cultural contexts for people to benefit from the careful uses of psychedelics and marijuana.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Evidence for the Use of Multiple Psychotropic Plants in a 1,000-Year-Old Ritual Bundle from South America
    Chemical evidence for the use of multiple psychotropic plants in a 1,000-year-old ritual bundle from South America Melanie J. Millera,b,1, Juan Albarracin-Jordanc, Christine Moored, and José M. Caprilese,1 aDepartment of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; bArchaeological Research Facility, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; cInstituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas y Arqueológicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia; dImmunalysis Corporation, Pomona, CA 91767; and eDepartment of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 Edited by Linda R. Manzanilla, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Mexico, D.F., Mexico, and approved April 9, 2019 (received for review February 6, 2019) Over several millennia, various native plant species in South these resources together. Using liquid chromatography tandem America have been used for their healing and psychoactive prop- mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we tested for the presence of erties. Chemical analysis of archaeological artifacts provides an psychoactive compounds in the materials that composed a 1,000- opportunity to study the use of psychoactive plants in the past year-old ritual bundle excavated in a dry rock shelter from and to better understand ancient botanical knowledge systems. southwestern Bolivia. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze organic residues from a ritual bundle, radio- The Ritual Bundle from the Cueva del Chileno carbon dated to approximately 1,000 C.E., recovered from archae- The Sora River valley, located in the Lípez highlands of south- ological excavations in a rock shelter located in the Lípez Altiplano western Bolivia, is a narrow basin outlined by two parallel ig- of southwestern Bolivia.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Intersection Between Politics
    1 THE INTERSECTION BETWEEN POLITICS, CULTURE, AND SPIRITUALITY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE ART ACTIVISM AND CONTEMPORARY SOCIETAL PROBLEMS A Thesis Presented to The Honors Tutorial College Ohio University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation from the Honors Tutorial College with the degree of Bachelor of Fine Arts in Dance by Justin M. Middlebrooks June 2012 2 This thesis has been approved by The Honors Tutorial College and the School of Dance Marina Walchli Professor, Dance Thesis advisor Marina Walchli Professor, Dance Honors Tutorial College Director of Studies, Dance Jeremy Webster Dean, Honors Tutorial College 3 Contents Foreword Initial Interactions with Culture, Politics, and Spirituality 4 One An Introduction to the Project 9 Two Perspectives on Contemporary Movements and Sociopolitical Problems 13 Three Performance Art and Activism 31 Four An Emerging Cultural Paradigm Shift 43 Five Summary and Conclusion 66 Glossary 69 Appendix I 71 Appendix II 124 Appendix III DVD Works Cited 143 4 Foreword Initial Interactions with Culture, Politics, and Spirituality Since my early childhood, and throughout my young adult life, I diligently pursued various cultural experiences and forms of artistic expression. My primary interest, for both personal and academic inquiries, is the investigation of various cultural and sub-cultural groups and their experiences. The rituals and performance customs of particular modern and indigenous communities offers an intriguing glimpse into worlds I have yet to travel. I will briefly discuss my previous adventures with international travel, religious and spiritual quests, and my examination of a multitude of artistic and cultural genres like theatre and dance. Both my previous cultural experiences and the performance elements of cross- cultural studies directly influenced my choreography while in the School of Dance at Ohio University.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Opinion and Cannabis Policies: What Can We Learn from Canadian Market?
    Public Opinion and Cannabis Policies: What Can We Learn from Canadian Market? by Huong Mai A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Marketing and Consumer Studies Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Huong Mai, December, 2019 ABSTRACT PUBLIC OPINION AND CANNABIS POLICIES: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM CANADIAN MARKET? Huong Mai Advisor University of Guelph, 2019 Professor May Aung This thesis explores the phenomenon of public opinion on cannabis legalization in Canada. Specifically, this study investigated consumers’ opinions towards the cannabis policy and its market place. A netnographic study on four online communities: Canadian Weed Forum, Roll It Up Forum, sub-reddits r/marijuana and r/canadients, was conducted. Findings suggested that consumers’ opinions on the cannabis legalization policy vary from strongly supportive to strongly negative statements. Overall, consumers could be divided into different groups: groups of enthusiasts and haters of legalization. This study found that negative attitudes toward cannabis policy exist in the Canadian market. Additionally, product and price are found as important marketing mix elements in the market place. Results suggested that four symbolic boundaries: quality boundary, purpose boundary, source boundary and geographical boundary influencing the meaning of product to consumers. Different price points also impact on consumers’ attitudes towards cannabis product in the market place. Conceptual and managerial contributions are also offered. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my Advisor May Aung. Your time, dedication and patience have guided me to the development and completion of this thesis. I am so grateful for your support and encouragement, especially during the hard time of my thesis progress.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Loving Blackness in the UK By
    The Politics of Loving Blackness in the UK By Lisa Amanda Palmer A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of American and Canadian Studies The University of Birmingham March 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract Can ‘loving blackness’ become a new discourse for anti-racism in the UK and the broader black diaspora? This thesis will critically assess the concept of ‘loving blackness as political resistance’ as outlined by the African American feminist bell hooks (1992). The thesis will show the ways in which blackness has been both negated and denigrated in western cultures and thus constructed in opposition to notions of love and humanness. Conversely, love and blackness are also rehabilitated in different ways by Black diasporic populations in Britain through the transnational space. The transnational space can provide opportunities for constructing, networks of care, love and anti racist strategies that affirm the value of blackness and Black life. However, the transnational space can also be fraught with risks, dangers and exclusions providing Black and migrant populations with uneven forms of citizenship and belonging to western neo-liberal states.
    [Show full text]
  • Recreational Use, Analysis and Toxicity of Tryptamines
    Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] 26 Current Neuropharmacology, 2015, 13, 26-46 Recreational Use, Analysis and Toxicity of Tryptamines Roberta Tittarelli1, Giulio Mannocchi1, Flaminia Pantano1 and Francesco Saverio Romolo1,2,* 1Legal Medicine Section, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 336, 00161 Rome, Italy; 2Institut de Police Scientifique, Université de Lausanne, Batochime, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Abstract: The definition New psychoactive substances (NPS) refers to emerging drugs whose chemical structures are similar to other psychoactive compounds but not identical, representing a “legal” alternative to internationally controlled drugs. There are many categories of NPS, such as synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, phenylethylamines, piperazines, ketamine derivatives and tryptamines. Tryptamines are naturally occurring compounds, which can derive from the amino acid tryptophan by several biosynthetic pathways: their structure is a combination of a benzene ring Roberta Tittarelli and a pyrrole ring, with the addition of a 2-carbon side chain. Tryptamines include serotonin and melatonin as well as other compounds known for their hallucinogenic properties, such as psilocybin in ‘Magic mushrooms’ and dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in Ayahuasca brews. Aim: To review the scientific literature regarding tryptamines and their derivatives, providing a summary of all the available information about the structure of these compounds, their effects in relationship with the routes of administration, their pharmacology and toxicity, including articles reporting cases of death related to intake of these substances. Methods: A comprehensive review of the published scientific literature was performed, using also non peer-reviewed information sources, such as books, government publications and drug user web fora.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 329 4th International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2019) Altered States of Consciousness and New Horizons of the Sacred* Philipp Tagirov Department of Social Philosophy Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN) Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected] Through psychedelics we are learning that God is not an idea, God is a lost continent in the human mind. Terence McKenna, Food of the gods we’re so poor we can’t even pay attention Kmfdm, Dogma Abstract—The article studies the complex and rather goes through the greatest existential intensities of modernity equivocal discourse set around the altered states of — and we follow him. Violence in the name of the sacred, consciousness and so-called “emerging scientific paradigm” being one of such intensities, is based on the making the which claims to return to human existence a certain supreme Radical other (the Monstrous other) of another human being transcendental meaning that could help rebuilding a universal [1], thus demonizing the opponent [2]. The current study symbolic space, and thus return a man himself to the sacred addresses different kind of intensities when a person striving reality. The psychedelic trend unites concepts and approaches for the Radical other (the Divine other) radically transforms that differ significantly from each other both in their degree of himself. And radically transforms our usual ideas about proximity to academic science and in their conclusions human being. regarding the dominant mental paradigm. However, representatives of this trend, despite all the differences, stand The American 1960s are known as the “golden 60s”, like together for that the so-called altered states of consciousness The Golden Age.
    [Show full text]
  • The Power of Culture: an Exploration of Collective Transformation GEORGIA KELLY CHESTER ARNOLD CONSCIOUSNESS, PASSION, & PURPOSE PASSION, CONSCIOUSNESS
    The Power of Culture: An Exploration of Collective Transformation GEORGIA KELLY CHESTER ARNOLD CONSCIOUSNESS, PASSION, & PURPOSE PASSION, CONSCIOUSNESS, 32 SEPTEMBER–NOVEMBER 2006 • # 12 • SHIFT: AT THE FRONTIERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS “Hope remains only in the most difficult task of all: to reconsider everything from the ground up, so as to shape a living society inside a dying society.” —Albert Camus oes culture evolve? Or does society, established civilization, by its very structure, denies through unconscious social agreements, simply such a transformation.” D recycle the same patterns century after century To pursue personal transformation without being in updated packaging? Examining the social trends engaged in social transformation or to engage in social throughout recorded history,it would be easy to draw the transformation without a commitment to personal conclusion that we are creatures of a deterministic world. transformation is to continue a well-established cultural Cultures steeped in Social Darwinian cycles of war, pattern: dualism.The separation of body from soul, the conquest, and power struggles might be our fate as long personal from the political, the spiritual from the as humans inhabit the Earth.What is it in our cultural story material, all suggest that one area is more important than that recycles war, exploitation, and empire? What are the the other or should take precedence. Believing that unconscious social agreements that make these cycles all of creation is one is not the same as living as if we all but inevitable? are one.The former is a personal belief; the latter is the Every culture has stories about its origins and integration of theory and practice, or praxis.
    [Show full text]