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TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY Guidance for Reporting the Lead and Lead Compounds Category

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TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY Guidance for Reporting the Lead and Lead Compounds Category United States Environmental Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics EPA 745-B-19-020 Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 Revised February 2019 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY Guidance for Reporting the Lead and Lead Compounds Category Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) requires certain facilities manufacturing, processing, or otherwise using listed toxic chemicals to report the annual quantity of such chemicals entering each environmental medium. Such facilities must also report pollution prevention and recycling data for such chemicals, pursuant to section 6607 of the Pollution Prevention Act, 42 U.S.C. 13106. EPCRA section 313 is also known as the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 Section 1.1 What Are the Reporting (Activity) Thresholds? ................................................................ 1 Section 1.2 What Other Changes to the EPCRA Section 313 Reporting Requirements Apply to Lead and the Lead Compounds Category? ................................................................................................ 3 GUIDANCE FOR DETERMINING WHETHER REPORTING THRESHOLDS ARE EXCEEDED AND REPORTING ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES OF LEAD AND LEAD COMPOUNDS ........................................................................................................................ 5 Section 2.1 General Guidance ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Determining Whether the 100 Pound Reporting Thresholds Have Been Exceeded ................ 5 2.1.2 De minimis Exemption ............................................................................................................ 9 Section 2.2 Guidance for Reporting Annual Environmental Releases and Other Waste Management Quantities of Lead............................................................................................................................. 9 QUALIFICATION FOR STAINLESS STEEL, BRASS, AND BRONZE ALLOYS THAT CONTAIN LEAD ................................................................................................................. 12 Section 3.1 The Qualified Alloys: Stainless Steel, Brass, and Bronze Alloys that Contain Lead ...... 12 3.1.1 Definition of Stainless Steel Alloy ........................................................................................ 13 3.1.2 Definitions of Brass and Bronze ............................................................................................ 15 Section 3.2 Determining When Reporting of Releases and Other Waste Management Quantities for the Qualified Alloys is Required .................................................................................................... 16 SOURCES OF LEAD AND LEAD COMPOUNDS ..................................................... 20 Section 4.1 Physical and Chemical Nature of Lead and Lead Compounds ........................................ 20 4.1.1 Organolead Compounds ........................................................................................................ 20 4.1.2 Lead Oxides ........................................................................................................................... 27 4.1.3 Lead Sulfides ......................................................................................................................... 27 4.1.4 Lead Salts .............................................................................................................................. 27 TRI Guidance for Reporting Lead and Lead Compounds Section 4.2 Overview of Production and Use ..................................................................................... 28 Section 4.3 Lead in Raw Materials ..................................................................................................... 32 Section 4.4 Recovery, Recycle, and Reuse of Lead and Lead Compounds ........................................ 33 Section 4.5 Combustion of Fuels Containing Lead ............................................................................ 34 RELEASE AND OTHER WASTE MANAGEMENT CALCULATIONS ................ 35 Section 5.1 Lead and Lead Compound Air Emissions ....................................................................... 35 Section 5.2 Lead in Wastewater.......................................................................................................... 39 Section 5.3 Lead Solid Waste Calculations ........................................................................................ 41 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 44 APPENDIX A. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT STAINLESS STEEL, BRASS, AND BRONZE ALLOYS ........................................................................................................................ A-1 A.1 Stainless Steel Alloys ................................................................................................................. A-1 A.1.1 Identification of Stainless Steel Alloys ............................................................................... A-1 A.1.2 Classes of Stainless Steel Alloys ........................................................................................ A-2 A.2 Brass and Bronze Alloys ............................................................................................................ A-5 A.2.1 Copper-Zinc (Cu-Zn) Brasses ............................................................................................. A-7 A.2.2 Tin Brasses .......................................................................................................................... A-7 A.2.3 Tin Bronzes ......................................................................................................................... A-7 A.2.4 Aluminum Bronzes ............................................................................................................. A-8 A.2.5 Silicon Bronzes ................................................................................................................... A-8 A.2.6 Modified Copper-Zinc Alloys............................................................................................. A-8 A.3 Specific Properties of Cast Brass and Bronze Alloys ................................................................ A-8 APPENDIX B. SELECTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ............................................................ B-1 APPENDIX C. EMISSIONS FACTORS COMPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES .................. C-1 TRI Guidance for Reporting Lead and Lead Compounds ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Industry and Process Sources of Lead and Lead Compounds ..................................................... 3 Table 3-1: UNS (CDA) Designations for Brass and Bronze Alloys ........................................................... 15 Table 3-2: UNS (CDA) Designation and Compositions of Some Brass and Bronze Wrought Alloys ...... 16 Table 3-3: Threshold Scenarios and Options Involving Lead and the Qualified Alloys ............................ 17 Table 4-1: Physical Properties of Lead ....................................................................................................... 21 Table 4-2: Physical Properties of the Principal Lead-Ore Compounds ...................................................... 21 Table 4-3: Uses of Lead Alloys .................................................................................................................. 22 Table 4-4: Lead Compounds ....................................................................................................................... 24 Table 4-5: Summary of TRI Reporting For Lead, 2017 ............................................................................. 30 Table 4-6: Summary of TRI Reporting For Lead Compounds, 2017 ......................................................... 31 Table 4-7: Typical Concentration of Lead in Raw Materials and Quantity Required to Meet the 100 Pound Reporting Threshold ........................................................................................................................... 32 Table 5-1: Sources of Lead Emissions ........................................................................................................ 36 Table 5-2: Industries with Effluent Limitations for Lead ........................................................................... 40 Table 5-3: Lead Concentration in Ash Combustion Residuals ................................................................... 42 Table A-1: Typical Composition of some Stainless Steels, wt% .............................................................. A-2 Table A-2: UNS (CDA) Designations for Brass and Bronze Alloys ........................................................ A-6 Table A-3: UNS (CDA) Designation and Compositions of some Brass and Bronze Wrought Alloys .... A-7 Table A-4: Nominal Composition by wt% of Some Casting Brass and Bronze Alloys ........................... A-9 Table C-1: Lead Emissions Factors Compiled from Version 6.25 of the Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) Data System .......................................................................................................................... C-3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1: Potential Data Sources for Release and Other Waste Management Calculations .................... 11 Figure 3-1. Reporting Thresholds
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