DOCSLIB.ORG

Contribution À La Connaissance Taxonomique Et Chimique De Fruits Africains Du Genre Detarium (Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae) : D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Contribution À La Connaissance Taxonomique Et Chimique De Fruits Africains Du Genre Detarium (Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae) : D UNIVERSITÉ DE GENÈVE FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie Professeur K. Hostettmann Contribution à la connaissance taxonomique et chimique de fruits africains du genre Detarium (Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae) : D. microcarpum Guill. et Perr. et des formes comestibles et toxiques de D. senegalense J.F. Gmel. THÈSE présentée à la Faculté des sciences de l’Université de Genève pour obtenir le grade de Docteur ès sciences, mention sciences pharmaceutiques par Anne-Laure Cavin de Vulliens (VD) Thèse N° 3838 Genève Atelier de reproduction de la Section de physique 2007 Remerciements Je tiens d’abord à remercier mon directeur de thèse, Monsieur le Professeur Kurt Hostettmann, pour m’avoir accueillie au sein de son laboratoire et permis de réaliser mon travail de doctorat. C’est dans ce laboratoire de renommée mondiale et présentant un environnement stimulant que j’ai eu le plaisir de passer ces quelques années. J’ai également apprécié de profiter des conseils du Docteur Andrew Marston. Je remercie également le Professeur Kurt Hostettmann de m’avoir permis de présenter quelques uns de mes résultats lors de congrès nationaux et internationaux. Mes remerciements vont aussi aux membres de mon jury de thèse : Monsieur le Professeur Peter Rüedi (Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich), Monsieur le Docteur Olivier Potterat, (Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Basel), Monsieur le Docteur Gino Müller (Musée et jardins botaniques cantonaux, Lausanne) et Monsieur le Docteur Andrew Marston (Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie, Université de Genève). Outre le fait qu’ils aient accepté de participer en tant que membres du jury, je les remercie sincèrement pour les discussions très enrichissantes que nous avons eues lors mon examen. J’ai eu l’opportunité, durant ce travail, de réaliser plusieurs collaborations. Je suis notamment très reconnaissante envers le Professeur Duilio Arigoni (ETH, Zürich), pour avoir partagé avec moi ses connaissances au sujet de la stéréochimie des clérodanes. Je remercie également le Docteur Rosario Scopelliti (EPFL, Lausanne) et le Professeur Helen Stoeckli-Evans (Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel) pour les mesures et interprétations de diffractions aux rayons X, effectuées sur deux des composés isolés. C’est grâce au Professeur Pierre-Alain Carrupt et à son équipe (Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Université de Genève) que des tests en solution d’inhibition de l’enzyme acétylcholinestérase ont pu être réalisés. Je remercie encore le Professeur M.C. Recio (Departament de Farmacologia, Universitat de València, Espania) pour les tests de cytotoxicité effectués sur l’un des composés. Je remercie aussi Jonathan Kissling pour ses judicieux conseils sur la partie botanique de ce travail, et Assane El Diop pour être allé chercher au Sénégal une thèse portant sur les fruits toxiques de Detarium. Je remercie également tous mes collègues du Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie, pour m’avoir encouragée et pour les bons moments passés ensemble. Une mention particulière pour Anne- Emmanuelle Hay qui m’a énormément soutenue et guidée dans ce travail. Merci aussi à Karine, Martine, Fred, Caroline, Aline, Daphné, Aurélie, Sandra et tous les autres, sans oublier mes ex- collègues Anne-Laure, Milena, Julien, Jean-Robert. Sans leur serviabilité, leurs encouragements et la bonne ambiance qu’ils créaient, mes années de thèse auraient eu une toute autre saveur. Et finalement, mille mercis à ma famille et à mes amis qui m’ont particulièrement épaulée durant cette année 2006. i COMMUNICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES Ce travail de thèse a été réalisé d’avril 2002 à janvier 2007 à l’Institut de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie (IPP) de l’Université de Lausanne (avril 2002 à septembre 2004), et au Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie (LPP) de l’Université de Genève (septembre 2004 à janvier 2007), sous la direction de Monsieur le Professeur Kurt Hostettmann. Certains aspects du present travail ont été partiellement publiés ou présentés lors de congrès internationaux sous forme de posters. Publications Cavin, A.L., Hay, A.E., Marston, A., Stoeckli-Evans, H., Scopelliti, R., Diallo, D. and Hostettmann, K. (2006). Bioactive diterpenes from the fruits of Detarium microcarpum. J. Nat. Prod. 69, 768-773. Cavin, A.L., Arigoni, D., Hay, A.E. and Hostettmann, K. Revision of relative configurations of some clerodane diterpenes (en préparation). Cavin, A.L., Hay, A.E. and Hostettmann, K. Cyanogenic glycoside derivative from the toxic fruit of D. senegalense J.F. Gmel. (en préparation). Posters Cavin, A.L., Marston, A. and Hostettmann, K. (2004). Diterpenes isolated from the fruits of Detarium microcarpum Guill. et Perr. Fall Meeting 2004 of the Swiss Chemical Society, Zürich, Switzerland, October 7, 2004. Cavin, A.L., Hay, A.E., Marston, A., Scopelliti, R., Diallo, D. and Hostettmann, K. (2005). Isolation of new bioactive diterpenes from Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. Phytotherapy : The role of an ancient tradition in modern times, Madeira, Portugal, November 1-5, 2005. iii TABLE DES MATIERES REMERCIEMENTS…………………….......……………………….......………...………………..……i COMMUNICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ………………………….......………...………………..…..iii TABLES DES FIGURES ET TABLEAUX ………………………….......………...…………………..ix ABREVIATIONS, SYMBOLES ET CONVENTIONS …...……………………….......……………….xiii 1. BUTS DU TRAVAIL …………...……………….......………………………………………..1 2. INTRODUCTION …...…………………………….......……………………………...………5 2.1 Considérations écologiques et climatiques en Afrique de l’Ouest …...………..………....9 2.2 La sous-famille Caesalpinioideae …...……..…………………..……………..……...….12 2.3 Traitement taxonomique du genre Detarium Juss …...…………..………………..…….15 2.3.1 Description botanique …..……..…………………..…………………..……......….15 2.3.2 Espèces du genre Detarium …...……..………………..…………….………..….…16 2.3.3 Confusions botaniques …...……..…………………..……………………..…....….18 2.3.3.1 Présentation de la problématique et causes ...………..…………….………….18 2.3.3.2 Clarification de la situation botanique …………….……………….……....….24 2.4 Présentation de Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. …………..………………….….38 2.4.1 Caractères morphologiques et répartition géographique ...……...…..…..……..…...38 2.4.2 Utilisations traditionnelles ...………..…………………..………….........…..…..….40 2.4.3 Etudes phytochimiques antérieures …..……..…………………..………….…...….43 2.4.3.1 Métabolites primaires ...………..…………………..…………………....…….43 2.4.3.2 Métabolites secondaires et leurs activités ...………..……………………....….44 2.4.3.3 Activités reportées pour D. microcarpum Guill. et Perr. …..….………...…….51 2.5 Présentation de Detarium senegalense J.F. Gmel. …………..………….………..……...54 2.5.1 Caractères morphologiques et répartition géographique ...………..……….........….54 2.5.2 Utilisations traditionnelles ...………..……………….…………………..……...…..56 2.5.2.1 Forme comestible de Detarium senegalense J.F. Gmel. ………..…...........…..57 2.5.2.2 Forme toxique de Detarium senegalense J.F. Gmel. …………………...……..60 2.5.3 Toxicité du genre : aspects cliniques ...………..…………………..………….…….61 2.5.4 Etudes phytochimiques antérieures ...………………………………….……….…..66 2.5.4.1 Forme comestible de Detarium senegalense J.F. Gmel. ………...…………....66 2.5.4.2 Forme toxique de Detarium senegalense J.F. Gmel. ………..…………...........67 v 3. RESULTATS ...………………………………..…………….......………………………...…71 3.1 Préparation des extraits ...……………………………………………………………......73 3.2 Analyses préliminaires ...………………………………………………………...………75 3.2.1 Elimination des sucres ………………...………………………………………........76 3.3 Criblage préliminaire des extraits bruts ……………...……………………..………...…78 3.4 Investigation phytochimique de Detarium microcarpum Guill. et Perr. ………..………83 3.4.1 Fractionnement de l’extrait dichlorométhanique et isolement des composés A – F 84 3.4.2 Détermination structurale des composés A – F ...……………………..…...……....89 3.4.2.1 Diterpènes de type labdane et clérodane : biosynthèse et chimie ……….........89 3.4.2.2 Composé A ………..………………………………………………………..…94 3.4.2.3 Composé B ………..……………….…………………………………….......107 3.4.2.4 Composé C ……..…………………………………………………………....114 3.4.2.5 Composé D ………………………………………………………………......117 3.4.2.6 Composé E …………………………………………………………….…….122 3.4.2.7 Composé F …………………………………………………...……………...127 3.4.2.8 Configuration absolue des composés A à F……………………………….....132 3.4.3 Activités biologiques et biochimiques des composés A – F …………..….……...133 3.5 Comparaison de la composition chimique des fruits de D. microcarpum Guill. et Perr. et des fruits comestibles et toxiques de Detarium senegalense J.F. Gmel. ....................135 3.5.1 Comparaison des extraits apolaires et polaires des fruits de D. microcarpum et des deux formes de fruits de D. senegalense par UPLC®/ESI/TOF-MS et HPLC/DAD-UV ……………………………………………………………….....137 3.6 Fractionnement de l’extrait MeOH s.s. de D. senegalense forme toxique et isolement du composé G …………………………………………………….………....142 3.6.1 Détermination structurale du composé G ……………………………………........142 3.6.2 Voie de biosynthèse des glycosides cyanogénétiques …………………….……....152 3.7 Implications de la présence d’un dérivé de glycoside cyanogénétique dans le fruit toxique de D. senegalense J.F. Gmel. …………………………………...…….…….…153 3.7.1 Glycosides cyanogénétiques ……………………….……………………..…….....153 3.7.2 Reconsidération des données de la littérature concernant les intoxications dues aux fruits toxiques de D. senegalense ………………………..…..……..…..156 vi 4. CONCLUSION ET PERSPECTIVES…………………………….......……………………161 5. PARTIE EXPERIMENTALE………………………………………………………………167 5.1 Matériel végétal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • Add a Tuber to the Pod: on Edible Tuberous Legumes
    LEGUME PERSPECTIVES Add a tuber to the pod: on edible tuberous legumes The journal of the International Legume Society Issue 19 • November 2020 IMPRESSUM ISSN Publishing Director 2340-1559 (electronic issue) Diego Rubiales CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture Quarterly publication Córdoba, Spain January, April, July and October [email protected] (additional issues possible) Editor-in-Chief Published by M. Carlota Vaz Patto International Legume Society (ILS) Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Co-published by (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, Spain Oeiras, Portugal Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier [email protected] (Universidade Nova de Lisboa), Oeiras, Portugal Technical Editor Office and subscriptions José Ricardo Parreira Salvado CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier International Legume Society (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) Apdo. 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain Oeiras, Portugal Phone: +34957499215 • Fax: +34957499252 [email protected] [email protected] Legume Perspectives Design Front cover: Aleksandar Mikić Ahipa (Pachyrhizus ahipa) plant at harvest, [email protected] showing pods and tubers. Photo courtesy E.O. Leidi. Assistant Editors Svetlana Vujic Ramakrishnan Nair University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Taiwan Vuk Đorđević Ana María Planchuelo-Ravelo Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia National University of Córdoba, CREAN, Córdoba, Argentina Bernadette Julier Diego Rubiales Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Lusignan, France CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, Spain Kevin McPhee Petr Smýkal North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA Palacký University in Olomouc, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Fred Muehlbauer Olomouc, Czech Republic USDA, ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, USA Frederick L.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Risk, Fruit Tree, Edible Fruit, Slow-Growing, Bird-Dispersed, Zoochorous
    Family: Sapindaceae Taxon: Talisia esculenta Synonym: Sapindus esculenta A. St.-Hil. (basionym) Common Name: pitomba Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score -1 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 406 Host for recognized pests
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnopharmacology of Fruit Plants
    molecules Review Ethnopharmacology of Fruit Plants: A Literature Review on the Toxicological, Phytochemical, Cultural Aspects, and a Mechanistic Approach to the Pharmacological Effects of Four Widely Used Species Aline T. de Carvalho 1, Marina M. Paes 1 , Mila S. Cunha 1, Gustavo C. Brandão 2, Ana M. Mapeli 3 , Vanessa C. Rescia 1 , Silvia A. Oesterreich 4 and Gustavo R. Villas-Boas 1,* 1 Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras-BA CEP 47810-059, Brazil; [email protected] (A.T.d.C.); [email protected] (M.M.P.); [email protected] (M.S.C.); [email protected] (V.C.R.) 2 Physical Education Course, Center for Health Studies and Research (NEPSAU), Univel University Center, Cascavel-PR, Av. Tito Muffato, 2317, Santa Cruz, Cascavel-PR CEP 85806-080, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Research Group on Biomolecules and Catalyze, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras-BA CEP 47810-059, Brazil; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. postal 364, Dourados-MS CEP 79804-970, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-(77)-3614-3152 Academic Editors: Raffaele Pezzani and Sara Vitalini Received: 22 July 2020; Accepted: 31 July 2020; Published: 26 August 2020 Abstract: Fruit plants have been widely used by the population as a source of food, income and in the treatment of various diseases due to their nutritional and pharmacological properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Studies of Afzelia Africana and Detarium Microcarpum Seeds
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ZENODO ISSN: 2410-9649 FridayChemistry et al / InternationalChemistry International 4(3) (2018 4(3)) 170 (2018)-176 1 70-176 iscientic.org. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial studies of afzelia africana and detarium microcarpum seeds Chisom Friday*, Ugochukwu Akwada and Okenwa U. Igwe Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria *Corresponding author’s E. mail: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article type: The aim of this study was to probe the phytochemical constituents and the Research article antimicrobial activities of Afzelia africana and Detarium microcarpum seed Article history: endosperms. The results obtained from the phytochemical screening indicated Received March 2017 that tannins, flavonoids, fatty acids, phenol, steroids, saponins and alkaloids were Accepted May 2017 present. The seed extracts were tested against eight pathogenic organisms July 2018 Issue comprising of two Gram positive and two Gram negative bacteria; two fungi and Keywords: two viruses using Agar and Disc diffusion methods. The plant extracts exhibited Afzelia Africana antimicrobial activities against all the tested organisms. This investigation Detarium microcarpum therefore, suggests the incorporation of Afzelia africana and Detarium Antimicrobial activities microcarpum seeds into human diets as they are rich in medicinal agents that Phytochemical screening could trigger great physiological effects. It also authenticates their use as soup Pathogenic organisms thickeners in eastern Nigeria and in the production of snacks. © 2018 International Scientific Organization: All rights reserved. Capsule Summary: The phytochemical constituents of Afzelia Africana and Detarium microcarpum seed endosperms were investigated and tannins, flavonoids, fatty acids, phenols, steroids, saponins and alkaloids were present.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Tempo of Species Diversification in Legumes
    South African Journal of Botany 89 (2013) 19–30 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Exploring the tempo of species diversification in legumes E.J.M. Koenen a,1, J.M. de Vos a,1,2, G.W. Atchison a, M.F. Simon b, B.D. Schrire c, E.R. de Souza d, L.P. de Queiroz d, C.E. Hughes a,⁎ a Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland b Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Caixa Postal 02372 Brasilia-DF, Brasil c Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK d Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Dept. de Ciências Biológicas, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil article info abstract Available online 12 August 2013 Whatever criteria are used to measure evolutionary success – species numbers, geographic range, ecological abundance, ecological and life history diversity, background diversification rates, or the presence of rapidly Edited by JS Boatwright evolving clades – the legume family is one of the most successful lineages of flowering plants. Despite this, we still know rather little about the dynamics of lineage and species diversification across the family through the Keywords: Cenozoic, or about the underlying drivers of diversification. There have been few attempts to estimate net Species diversification species diversification rates or underlying speciation and extinction rates for legume clades, to test whether Leguminosae among-lineage variation in diversification rates deviates from null expectations, or to locate species diversifica- Calliandra fi Indigofereae tion rate shifts on speci c branches of the legume phylogenetic tree.
    [Show full text]
  • Spontaneous Poisoning by Talisia Esculenta in Cattle1 Jaianne K.A
    Pesq. Vet. Bras. 39(12):949-953, December 2019 DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6362 Original Article Livestock Diseases ISSN 0100-736X (Print) ISSN 1678-5150 (Online) PVB-6362 LD Spontaneous poisoning by Talisia esculenta in cattle1 Jaianne K.A. Melo2, Gliére S.L. Soares2, Taciana R.R. Ramos3, Valdir M. Almeida4, Ana L.O. Nascimento5, Givaldo B. Silva Filho5, Hisadora A.S. Chaves5 and Fábio S. Mendonça5* ABSTRACT.- Melo J.K.A., Soares G.S.L., Ramos T.R.R., Almeida V.M., Nascimento A.L.O., Silva Filho G.B., Chaves H.A.S. & Mendonça F.S. 2019. Spontaneous poisoning by Talisia esculenta in cattle. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39(12):949-953. Laboratório de Diagnóstico Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Talisia esculenta, commonly known as pitombeira, is a tree which fruits are widely consumed by human beings in northeastern Brazil. The aim of this work is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of two outbreaks of spontaneous poisoning by T. esculenta in cattle in the dry region of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. The cases occurred in the municipalities of São Bento do Una and Belo Jardim. From a total of 25 adult cattle, eight become sick after ingest T. esculenta leaves and fruits. Four cattle died until 72 hours after the spasms in the limbs, rigidity of the pelvic limbs with wide base stance position, ruminal atony firstand, clinicalwhen stressed, signs; which presented consisted falls in ataxia,and remained reluctance in toabnormal walk, tottering, positions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitotic Chromosome Studies of Some Accessions of African Yam Bean Sphenostylis Stenocarpa (Hochst
    African Journal of Plant Science Vol. 5(14), pp. 835-841, 27 November, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajps DOI: 10.5897/AJPS10.100 ISSN 1996-0824 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Mitotic chromosome studies of some accessions of African yam bean Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. Ex. A. Rich.) Harm. Adesoye, A. I. and Nnadi, N. C. Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Accepted 21 October, 2011 In this study the chromosome number, chromosome length and mitotic indices of 21 accessions of African Yam Bean (AYB) were determined. To accomplish this, the best time to harvest growing root tips was identified by measuring mitotic index of chromosomes prepared from root tips of accession TSs148 collected at two hours interval within a 24 h study period from 8 am to 6 am of following day. Cell division occurred throughout the day and at night with the rate of division increasing to a peak at midday. The highest percentage of metaphase cells (34.01%) was obtained from roots harvested at about 12:00 noon. In terms of the root tip to shoot tip that gave a higher mitotic index a ratio of 13:8 was observed among 21 accessions studied. A diploid chromosome count ranging between 2n = 20 to 24 was observed with the chromosome number 2n = 22 being the most frequent. The chromosomes of the accessions studied were generally small in size ranging between 0.58 to 1.84 µm. On the basis of chromosome size, the different accessions of AYB could be divided into three different groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventaire Et Analyse Chimique Des Exsudats Des Plantes D'utilisation Courante Au Congo-Brazzaville
    Inventaire et analyse chimique des exsudats des plantes d’utilisation courante au Congo-Brazzaville Arnold Murphy Elouma Ndinga To cite this version: Arnold Murphy Elouma Ndinga. Inventaire et analyse chimique des exsudats des plantes d’utilisation courante au Congo-Brazzaville. Chimie analytique. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI; Université Marien- Ngouabi (Brazzaville), 2015. Français. NNT : 2015PA112023. tel-01269459 HAL Id: tel-01269459 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01269459 Submitted on 5 Feb 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE MARIEN NGOUABI UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SUD ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 470: CHIMIE DE PARIS SUD Laboratoire d’Etude des Techniques et d’Instruments d’Analyse Moléculaire (LETIAM) THÈSE DE DOCTORAT CHIMIE par Arnold Murphy ELOUMA NDINGA INVENTAIRE ET ANALYSE CHIMIQUE DES EXSUDATS DES PLANTES D’UTILISATION COURANTE AU CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE Date de soutenance : 27/02/2015 Directeur de thèse : M. Pierre CHAMINADE, Professeur des Universités (France) Co-directeur de thèse : M. Jean-Maurille OUAMBA, Professeur Titulaire CAMES (Congo) Composition du jury : Président : M. Alain TCHAPLA, Professeur Emérite, Université Paris-Sud Rapporteurs : M. Zéphirin MOULOUNGUI, Directeur de Recherche INRA, INP-Toulouse M. Ange Antoine ABENA, Professeur Titulaire CAMES, Université Marien Ngouabi Examinateurs : M.
    [Show full text]
  • Antidiabetic Activity of the Root Extract of Detarium Microcarpum (Fabacaee) Guill and Perr
    Phytopharmacology 2012, 3(1) 12-18 Antidiabetic activity of the root extract of Detarium microcarpum (Fabacaee) Guill and Perr. 1 2,* 3 Christian Ejike Okolo , Peter Achunike Akah , Samuel Uchnna Uzodinma 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicine. University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria. 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria. 3 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Nnamdi Azikwe University of Awka,. Nigeria. *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Received: 10 March 2012, Revised: 26 March 2012, Accepted: 26 March 2012 Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder that impairs glucose homeostasis resulting in severe diabetic complications including retinopathy, angiopathy, nephr- opathy, and neuropathy thus causing neurological disorder. In this study, antidiabe- tic activity of root extract of Detarium microcapum was investigated in rat model of diabetes. A methanol root extract was prepared by soxhlet extraction and was separated into fraction using chloroform, n-hexane and methanol to yield chlorof- orm fraction (CF), n-hexane fraction (HF) and methanol fraction (MF). The extract and its fractions were screened for phytochemicals using standard methods. The acute toxicity (LD ) of the extract was determined in mice. Diabetes was induced 50 by a single ip injection of 120 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate and glucose level was analyzed as indices of diabetes. The acute toxicity test showed that the root bark extract was safe at doses of up to 5 g/kg. The phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates and terpenoids in large amount while saponins, resins, glycosides and flavonoids were present in moderate amount. The results indicated that intraperitoneal injection of ME, MF, CF and HF reversed the effect of alloxan in rats by different degrees.
    [Show full text]
  • Floral Maturation Indices of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis Stenocarpa Hochst Ex
    Available online: www.notulaebiologicae.ro Print ISSN 2067-3205; Electronic 2067-3264 Not Sci Biol, 2018, 10(1):102-106. DOI: 10.15835/nsb10110235 Original Article Floral Maturation Indices of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst Ex. A. Rich) Harms (Fabaceae) Daniel B. ADEWALE1*, Esther U. AMAZUE2 1Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Ikole-Ekiti Campus, Ekiti State, Nigeria; [email protected] (*corresponding author) 2University of Nigeria, Department of Crop Science, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; [email protected] Abstract The present investigation aimed at understanding the floral morphology and maturation indices of African yam bean (AYB), knowledge of which is very relevant for the crop’s improvement programs. Ten accessions of AYB were grown in rows of ten plants, in three replications. Thirty anthesized flowers were collected from each accession for the study of the floral parts. The progressive development of flowers from buds was additionally investigated. AYB flower is large and complete. The calyx was fused and the corolla has five petals (one standard, two wings and two keels). AYB accessions exhibited racemes and indeterminate form of inflorescence. The mean standard petal length and width were 2.94 cm and 3.59 cm respectively. The androecium which surrounded the carpel consists of ten filaments (nine fused, one free). The gynoecium comprised flattened stigma with hairy edge. The mean length of style and ovary was 1.60 cm and 1.00 cm respectively. A distinct purple line (along the enclosing end of the standard petals) became visible at flower bud stage, when bud length reached 2.2 cm - 2.7 cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 18 • 2015 IMPRINT Volume: 18 • 2015
    Flora et Vegetatio Sudano-Sambesica ISSN 1868-3606 edited by éditées par herausgegeben von Rüdiger Wittig1 Sita Guinko2 Brice Sinsin3 Adjima Thiombiano2 1Frankfurt 2Ouagadougou 3Cotonou Volume 18 • 2015 IMPRINT Volume: 18 • 2015 Publisher: Institute of Ecology, Evolution & Diversity Flora et Vegetatio Sudano-Sambesica (former Chair of Ecology and Geobotany "Etudes sur la flore et la végétation du Burkina Max-von-Laue-Str. 13 Faso et des pays avoisinants") is a refereed, inter- D - 60438 Frankfurt am Main national journal aimed at presenting high quali- ty papers dealing with all fields of geobotany and Copyright: Institute of Ecology, Evolution & Diversity ethnobotany of the Sudano-Sambesian zone and Chair of Ecology and Geobotany adjacent regions. The journal welcomes fundamen- Max-von-Laue-Str. 13 tal and applied research articles as well as review D - 60438 Frankfurt am Main papers and short communications. English is the preferred language but papers writ- Online-Version: http://publikationen.ub.uni- ten in French will also be accepted. The papers frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/ should be written in a style that is understandable index/docId/39055 for specialists of other disciplines as well as in- urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-390559 terested politicians and higher level practitioners. ISSN: 1868-3606 Acceptance for publication is subjected to a refe- ree-process. In contrast to its predecessor (the "Etudes …") that was a series occurring occasionally, Flora et Vege- tatio Sudano-Sambesica is a journal, being publis- hed regularly with one volume per year. Editor-in-Chief: Editorial-Board Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Wittig Prof. Dr. Reinhard Böcker Institute of Ecology, Evolution & Diversity Institut 320, Universität Hohenheim Department of Ecology and Geobotany 70593 Stuttgart / Germany Max-von-Laue-Str.
    [Show full text]