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A New Species of Lysmata (Crustacea, Decapoda, Hippolytidae)

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A New Species of Lysmata (Crustacea, Decapoda, Hippolytidae) Zoological Studies 48(5): 682-692 (2009) A New Species of Lysmata (Crustacea, Decapoda, Hippolytidae) from the Pacific Coast of Panama, with Observations of Its Reproductive Biology Arthur Anker1, Juan Antonio Baeza1,2, and Sammy De Grave3,* 1Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Naos Unit 0948, USA. E-mail:[email protected] 2Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA. E-mail:[email protected] 3Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, United Kingdom (Accepted January 10, 2009) Arthur Anker, Juan Antonio Baeza, and Sammy De Grave (2009) A new species of Lysmata (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippolytidae) from the Pacific coast of Panama, with observations of its reproductive biology. Zoological Studies 48(5): 682-692. Lysmata holthuisi sp. nov., a new peppermint shrimp, is described from Taboga I., on the Pacific coast of Panama. In addition to the type locality, L. holthuisi sp. nov. occurs in the vicinity of Panama City and around some islands relatively close to the mainland (Las Perlas and Coiba). The new species can be distinguished from other species of Lysmata by the rostrum bearing 6 (occasionally 5 or 7) dorsal and 2 (rarely 3) ventral teeth; the presence of setae between the dorsal rostral teeth; an acute well- developed pterygostomial tooth; a stylocerite overreaching the 1st antennular segment; the accessory branch of the lateral antennular flagellum consisting of 6 or 7 free segments; the marked segmentation of the merus of the 2nd pereiopod; the absence of a posteroventral tooth on the 4th pleuron; and by its diagnostic color pattern, characterized by red longitudinal stripes on the carapace and abdomen, and conspicuous bright yellow and red markings on or near the accessory branch of the lateral antennular flagellum. Among the eastern Pacific species, L. holthuisi sp. nov. appears to be most closely related to L. argentopunctata Wicksten and L. chica Wicksten. Anatomical observations, field population studies, and laboratory experiments indicate that L. holthuisi sp. nov. is a protandric simultaneous hermaphrodite, with an early male phase followed by a functional simultaneous hermaphroditic phase. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/48.5/682.pdf Key words: Lysmata, Shrimp, New species, Eastern Pacific, Hermaphroditism. The genus Lysmata Risso, 1816 presently West Pacific (Chace 1997). Protandry (a sex contains 36 described species (Chace 1997, Rhyne change from male to female) is relatively common and Lin 2006, Rhyne and Anker 2007, Baeza and among hippolytids. However, in both Lysmata Anker 2008), although several other species are and Exhippolysmata, protrandric simultaneous currently under study or in the process of being hermaphroditism (PSH) has been reported and described, and more species can be expected to be documented (Bauer 2000, Braga et al. 2007). found, as revisionary studies progress (Rhyne and The eastern Pacific presently contains Lin 2006). The genus occurs worldwide in tropical, 8 species of Lysmata (Wicksten 2000a b): L. temperate, and cool-temperate seas, usually on argentopunctata Wicksten, 2000 (Mexico, Gulf rocky boulder slopes and reefal habitats, with the of California, and the Galapagos); L. californica majority of species being concentrated in the Indo- (Stimpson, 1866) (California to Mexico); L. chica * To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Current address (AA): Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA. E-mail:[email protected] 682 Anker et al. – A New Species of Lysmata 683 Wicksten, 2000 (the Galapagos); L. galapagensis intertidal areas at low tide. All specimens were Schmitt, 1924 (Baja California to Panama, and subsequently preserved in 70%-90% ethanol. To the Galapagos); L. gracilirostris Wicksten, 2000 document color patterns, some specimens were (Mexico and the Galapagos); L. nayaritensis photographed alive on different backgrounds Wicksten 2000 (Mexico to Panama); L. porteri prior to preservation. Drawings were made (Rathbun, 1907) (Chile); and L. trisetacea (Heller, under a dissecting microscope equipped with a 1861) (Mexico to Colombia). Taxonomic confusion camera lucida. Microphotographs were made surrounds L. trisetacea, and the true status of the under a light microscope with a mounted digital eastern Pacific populations currently recorded camera. Postorbital carapace length (pocl, in under this name must await a study on the validity mm) was measured from the postorbital margin to of L. chiltoni Kemp, 1914 and L. paucidens the posterior margin of the carapace. Materials (Rathbun, 1906), both currently considered to are deposited in the collections of the National be junior synonyms of L. trisetacea. Although L. Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA intermedia (Kingsley, 1878) was reported from (USNM); Oxford University Museum of Natural the eastern Pacific, both Wicksten (2000) and History, Oxford, UK (OUMNH); Colección de d’Udekem d’Acoz (2000) consider this to be a Referencia, Departamento de Biología Marina, tropical western Atlantic species. Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama In 2005 and 2006, the 1st author (A. Anker) (UP); and Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum made extensive collections of various caridean (Naturalis), Leiden, the Netherlands (RMNH). shrimps on the Pacific coast of Panama, among For studies of reproduction and behavior, which were several species of Lysmata. One of shrimp were collected from Dec. 2006 to Apr. 2007 them appeared to be particularly common in rocky at 4 sites along the Pacific coast of Panama: Playa intertidal areas, including at Punta Culebra, a Venao (8°53'30.51"N, 79°35'44.92"W), Taboga few hundred meters from the Naos Laboratories I. (8°46'56.11"N, 79°33'28.18"W), Playa Río Mar of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (8°27'08.54"N, 79°58'23.67"W), and Playa (STRI), and off Casco Viejo, the historical part Chumical (8°53'06.37"N, 79°38'42.27"W). Shrimp of Panama City. Surprisingly, this species could were collected in the afore-mentioned way during not be assigned to any previously described the daytime, and transported to Naos Laboratories species and is herein described as new. The (STRI), where they were maintained in 21 L diagnostic color pattern of the new species is aquaria at 26-31°C and 34-36 ppt salinity, and illustrated. As many Lysmata species are known were fed every other day with commercial fish food to be protandric simultaneous hermaphrodites (Clorofin Sinking Granules) before being measured (e.g., Bauer and Holt 1998, Lin and Zhang 2001, and sexed, and were selected for dissection or Zhang and Lin 2004, Bauer and Newman 2004, experiments to determine their sexual system. Rhyne and Lin 2006, Baeza et al. 2007, Baeza The reproductive anatomy was examined 2008, Baeza and Anker 2008), one of us (J.A. in a total of 6 specimens: 3 small individuals Baeza) conducted experiments to investigate the expected to be males (CL 3.9, 4.0, and 4.1 presence of hermaphroditism in the new species. mm) and 3 presumed hermaphrodites carrying The population abundance, sex ratios, and size embryos beneath their abdomen (CL 6.2, distribution of the different sexes at different 6.7, and 7.1 mm). Specimens were defined sampling localities are also reported. as males or hermaphrodites by the presence (males) or absence (hermaphrodites) of coupling hooks (cincinnuli) and appendices MATERIALS AND METHODS masculina on the endopods of the 1st and 2nd pleopods, respectively. When male gonopores For taxonomic studies, shrimp were collected were observed on individuals, the sperm mass between 2005 and 2007 along the Pacific contained in the ejaculatory ducts was retrieved coast of Panama at Punta Culebra (Amador by electro-ejaculation, following Baeza (2006), causeway near Panama City), Casco Viejo (off resulting in the ejaculation of spermatophores by Panama City), Saboga (Las Perlas Is.), Taboga individuals. Each individual was then dissected to (Taboga Is.), and Coibita (Coiba Marine National extract the gonads, and the presence of ovarian Park). Most specimens were collected from and/or testicular tissue was examined under a small pools under larger rocks with the aid of a microscope. Finally, the 1st and 2nd pleopods small aquarium hand-net while walking in rocky were dissected out, and the presence or absence 684 Zoological Studies 48(5): 682-692 (2009) of appendices interna and masculina was Type material: Pacific coast of Panama: recorded. Holotype: ovigerous (ov) hermaphrodite (pocl Experiments were conducted to determine: (1) 6.0), Taboga I., intertidal, low tide, under rocks whether brooding shrimp can function as males, and coral rubble, leg A. Anker et al., 21 Feb. 2007, (2) whether brooding hermaphrodites can fertilize USNM 1115553. Paratypes: 3 ov hermaphrodites themselves, and (3) whether males do mature as (5.0, 5.4, and 5.5), same data as for holotype, hermaphrodites later in life. To determine if shrimp UP; ovigerous hermaphrodite (5.9, specimen reproducing as females (brooding embryos) can photographed), Playa Venao, rocky intertidal, low function as males, 3 replicate pairs of brooding tide, in pools under rocks, leg. A. Baeza, 18 Apr. individuals were maintained in 21 L aquaria 2007, USNM 1115554; 2 ov hermaphrodites (5.9 (experiment 1). To determine if shrimp are capable and 6.2, latter specimen dissected), Playa Venao, of self-fertilization, 6 brooding individuals were rocky intertidal, low tide, in pools under rocks, leg. each maintained alone during a full molting cycle A. Anker, C. Hurt, and A. Baeza, 5 Dec. 2006, (experiment 2). To determine if males mature USNM 1115555; 1 non-ov hermaphrodite (4.7), into hermaphrodites, 3 pairs of males (small non- 1 ov hermaphrodite (4.3), Amador Causeway brooding individuals with no externally visible near Panama City, Naos, Punta Culebra, low female gonads but with cincinnuli and appendices tide, under rocks, leg. A. Anker and C. Hurt, 2 masculina) were maintained separately in 21 L Mar.
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