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Additions to the Floral Wealth of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh from Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary

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Additions to the Floral Wealth of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh from Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2014 | 6(11): 6427–6452 Additions to the floral wealth of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh from Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary 1 2 3 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) S.P. Subramani , K.S. Kapoor & G.S. Goraya Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,2,3 Himalayan Forest Research Institute (HFRI), Conifer Campus, Panthaghati, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171009, India 1 Present Address: Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Forest Campus, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore, OPEN ACCESS Tamil Nadu 641002, India 3 Present Address: Deputy Director General, Indian Council of Foretry Research & Education (ICFRE), Dehra Dun, Uttarkhand 248006, India 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] Abstract: A total of 352 species of phenerogams comprising 251 use of natural resources. As a result, they store more dicotyledons, 97 monocotyledons and four species of gymnosperms than 15% of the terrestrial carbon (Holdgate 1999) and belonging to 85 families collected from Nohra Forest Block of Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary, District Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh are reported as also serve as a tool for containing future exceptional additions to the district. This includes 13 threatened species under loss of habitat. Accordingly, it has now been realized different Red List assessments, both global and regional and 35 species are endemic to western Himalaya. that inventorisation of plants occurring in such areas is absolutely necessary and so are the initiatives from Keywords: Additions, Churdhar, flora, Himachal Pradesh, protected the Ministry of Environment, Forests, & Climate Change, area, Sirmaur. Government of India, which is now showing great concern for compilation or documentation of floral elements in these areas of importance, ultimately leading towards Protected areas (PAs) like wildlife reserves and ensuring the welfare of faunal elements. Though 20177 national parks, cover more than 12% of the Earth’s taxa of flowering plants have been reported from India surface and are internationally recognized as a major (Karthikeyan 2009), several areas still remain under- tool in conservation programmes (Khan & Bhagwat explored and pockets of many forests botanically less 2010). They maintain key habitats, provide refugia, studied. allow species migration and movement and provide Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS) is one of the goods and services otherwise essential for sustainable few remaining citadels of biodiversity that covers wide Taxus wallichiana NOT DATA LEAST NEAR CRITICALLY EXTINCT VULNERABLE EXTINCT EVALUATED DEFICIENT CONCERN THREATENED ENDANGERED ENDANGERED IN THE WILD NE DD LC NT VU EN CR EW EX DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2845.6427-52 Editor: K. Ravikumar, FRLHT, Bengaluru, India. Date of publication: 26 October 2014 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # o2845 | Received 24 June 2011 | Final received 01 September 2014 | Finally accepted 23 September 2014 Citation: Subramani, S.P., K.S. Kapoor & G.S. Goraya (2014). Additions to the floral wealth of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh from Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary. Journal of Threatened Taxa 6(11): 6427–6452; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2845.6427-52 Copyright: © Subramani et al. 2014. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduc- tion and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Funding: Self funded. Competing Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to the Director, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla for allowing us to use the related facilities and for en- couragement during the study. Besides, we express our gratitude to Shri Vinay Tandon, IFS, PCCF Himachal Pradesh State Forest Department, Shimla for granting permission. We are also thankful to the Head, Botany Division FRI, Dehra Dun for providing all facilities at DD Herbarium, Dehra Dun during the matching of the voucher specimens. Help rendered by Dr. Vaneet Jishtu, Sh. Purushotham Ram and Dushyant Kumar at different stages of the study is thankfully acknowledged. 6427 Additional flora of Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh Subramani et al. altitudinal ranges where documentation is certainly namely, Nohra and Pulbahal. Approximately, 65% of inadequate. However, some parts of this sanctuary the study area falls in Nohra Block that has three forest face heavy threats from a comparatively high density of beats, i.e., Nohra, Churas and Chhog Thali falling in livestock population belonging to the Gujjar community, Sirmaur District (Fig. 1) whereas the remaining 35% of residing in the area alongwith their herds for grazing the sanctuary area is in Pulbahal Block which has two purposes since long. Besides, visits of thousands and forest beats namely Sarpat and Bharog and forms a part thousands of pilgrims annually to Chooreshwar Mahadev of district Shimla (Anonymous 1994–1995; Anonymous Temple at Chur peak—a religiously important place— 2005–2006). Based on the altitude, aspect and climatic is adding towards the voes since populations of a few conditions, the sanctuary harbours a wide array of species like Angelica glauca, Betula utilis, Cypripedium vegetation types ranging from anthropogenic grasslands cordigerum, C. himalaicum, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, in lower hill ranges to alpine meadows in the mountain Rhododendron anthopogon, R. campanulatum, Taxus peaks whereas the oak forests, moist deodar forests wallichaiana and Valeriana jatamansi etc. are in rapid and western mixed conifer forests occupy the major decline during the recent decades. portion of the middle hill ranges. Because of its rich Botanical explorations of Royle in 1823, Drummond floral elements in distinct altitudinal zonations including during 1883–1885 and Clarke in 1884, as carried out in good faunal wealth, the area is spectacular and is quite the past are some of the pioneering works from Chur important for detailed investigations. Mountains. During the 19th century Collett (1902), and Nair (1977) also made pilot surveys in this area. Material and Methods However, these two studies covered only the Pulbahal For complete botanical explorations and phyto- Forest Block of the sanctuary falling in Shimla District, sociological studies for quantification of the floristic Himachal Pradesh. Studies undertaken here in the elements in different altitudinal zonations of the recent past include the works of Gupta (1998) and sanctuary, periodic field trips were undertaken starting Kumar (2004) but they recorded only the medicinal flora of the sanctuary. The first published account on the flora of Sirmaur District is of Kaur & Sharma (2004), wherein they reported 911 species belonging to 544 genera under 139 families again only touching the boundaries of the sanctuary and its core area. The present study had been carried out systematically for assessing the floristic wealth of Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary including its rich potential of herbal medicinal plants. However, in this paper only Nohra Block of the sanctuary and the additions to the flora of district Sirmaur have been highlighted. Study Area V Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary—one of the important protected areas of the Himalayan region—is located in the Trans-Giri hill ranges of Sirmaur and Shimla districts in the state of Himachal Pradesh. The sanctuary which falls around Chur Peak (3,647m), one of the Shivalik’s highest summits in sub-tropical Himalaya, was established in the year 1985 with a view to preserve the biological wealth and floral diversity in the Panchmuda Range of Churdhar. The sanctuary comprises an approximate area of 66.70km2 with wide altitudinal ranges varying from approximately 1900–3647m and lies in between 30048’37”–30054’39”N & 77023’32”– 0 77 29’49’’E. From a management point of view, the Figure 1. Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary showing location of Nohra sanctuary area has been divided into two forest blocks Block, Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh 6428 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2014 | 6(11): 6427–6452 Additional flora of Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh Subramani et al. from March 2002 till September 2008 in different forest In this enumeration as carried out in the sanctuary, types including macro- and micro-habitats. The voucher the dominant 10 families are Poaceae followed by specimens thus collected, were identified using local Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Cyperaceae, Ranunculaceae, Floras (Chowdhery & Wadhwa 1984; Polunin & Stainton Scrophulariaceae, Apiaceae, Papilionoideae, Rosaceae 1984; Collett 1902; Kaur & Sharma 2004) and species and Caprifoliaceae which contribute 45% of the total indentity was further confirmed by comparing the collections (Fig. 2). Though the habit of plants are authentic specimens housed in DD Herbarium of Forest exhibited in all life forms, herbaceous habit was found Research Institute and Herbarium of Botanical Survey of to be the most dominant among others, followed by India, Dehra Dun. Families of the specimens are arranged shrubs, trees, climbers and others as shown in Fig. 3. following Bentham and Hooker’s classification and Out of the total 352 species, 35 taxa, viz., Acer under each family, species were arranged alphabetically acuminatum, A. caesium, Aconitum laeve, Aconogonum with their recent botanical name, habit, flowering rumicifolium, Arenaria festucoides, Bupleurum season, forest area and altitudinal zonations.
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