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Ash Residue in Morwell Roof Cavities Community Report – May 2017 Contents

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Ash Residue in Morwell Roof Cavities Community Report – May 2017 Contents Ash residue in Morwell roof cavities Community report – May 2017 Contents Background 3 Project overview 4 Background research 4 About Senversa 5 Sampling plan 6 Sample collection 6 Public consultation and community engagement 7 Overview of sampling and results 8 Detailed findings 9 Indoor dust 12 Mould 12 Health investigation levels 12 Frequently used terms 13 Conclusions 14 Recommendations 15 To receive this publication in an accessible About this report format phone 1300 761 874, using the National This is a summary version Relay Service 13 36 77 if required, or email of Senversa’s comprehensive [email protected] final project report. Copies of Senversa’s report and all other Authorised and published by the Victorian Government, documents relating to this 1 Treasury Place, Melbourne. project can be accessed © State of Victoria, May 2017 at www.health.vic.gov.au/ Except where otherwise indicated, the images in this publication show ash-project or requested by models and illustrative settings only, and do not necessarily depict actual emailing [email protected]. services, facilities or recipients of services. This publication may contain images of deceased Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. gov.au or phoning 1300 761 874. Available at www.health.vic.gov.au/ash-project Printed by Sunnyland Offset, Mildura on sustainable paper. (1704011) 2 Ash residue in Morwell roof cavities Background On 9 February 2014, embers from nearby bushfires In its third report (Hazelwood Mine Fire Inquiry started a fire in the Hazelwood open-cut brown Report 2015/2016 Volume III—Health Improvement), coal mine. The Hazelwood coal mine is on the the Board of Inquiry recommended that the State: southern edge of Morwell, a town of nearly “Ensure that ash contained in roof cavities 14,000 people in regional Victoria. The closest in Morwell is analysed and acted on. houses to the mine fire were within a couple of hundred metres, just across the Princes Freeway. The State should: The fire burned for 45 consecutive days, • Commission an analysis of the ash contained blanketing Morwell and nearby parts of the in roof cavities of houses in Morwell and publish the results of that analysis to the Latrobe Valley in a plume of smoke and ash. community and Latrobe Valley Health It was “one of the largest, longest running Assembly, together with clear advice and most complex fires in the State’s history”, about the potential known, or unknown according to the Chief Officer of Victoria’s health effects. Country Fire Authority. • If the analysis of the ash residue in roof cavities reveals any content that In 2014, the Victorian Government asked an is potentially hazardous to health or of independent Hazelwood Mine Fire Inquiry to unknown impact on health, conduct an audit look into deaths and health implications as a of the extent of the exposure to ash and result of the fire. The Inquiry was subsequently develop an action plan to remove the ash reopened in 2015 after a change in government. from all affected houses.” (p. 135) Several submissions to the Board of Inquiry In response, the Victorian Department of Health raised concerns about possible health risks and Human Services (DHHS) engaged an from exposure to ash that had become trapped independent expert (Senversa Pty Ltd, see page 5) in roof cavities during the fire. There were also to study ash residue in Morwell roof cavities and reports that wet ash was linked to the growth the possible impacts on the health of residents. of red mould. Senversa undertook this work between August and December 2016. “The residual ash in roof cavities was an issue and concern of the community, particularly for those living closest to [the fire]. This was repeatedly highlighted to Voices of the Valley during and after the fires, and featured prominently in the community health surveys. The process of addressing the issue, the openness and information sharing between the community and DHHS during the co-design process has been helpful, not only in getting the project done satisfactorily but in building up the shattered trust between the two. A fitting and collaborative way to begin work of our country’s first Health Innovation Zone.” Wendy Farmer and Ron Ispen, Voices of the Valley 3 Project overview The results of Senversa’s study show that brown In all cases, Senversa’s research suggests the coal ash did settle in some Morwell roof cavities contaminants were not caused by the Hazelwood during the Hazelwood coal mine fire in 2014. coal mine fire. This is because the levels were However, the ash is not likely to make people similar in the two towns. The independent experts sick over time. concluded that the levels of contaminants did not pose a long-term risk to human health. The Based on their study, Senversa found that the study also suggested that dust and ash from the removal of ash or dust from roof cavities is roof cavity was not a major contributor to dust in unnecessary for health purposes. the living areas of the house. This is because the The study looked at the chemical make-up and chemical make-up of roof cavity dust and ash was amount of roof cavity dust and ash in 50 houses in different to samples taken from inside the house. Morwell. Roof cavity dust in 10 houses in Rosedale There was also no evidence that brown coal ash was also tested and compared with the Morwell residue was causing red mould to grow in houses. results. The decision to select Rosedale was discussed with the Morwell community during Background research public consultation in September 2016. Rosedale was thought to be a similar town to Morwell, but it The independent experts decided on the was less affected by the Hazelwood coal mine fire. contaminants to be tested based on what the Victorian Environment Protection Authority (EPA) Senversa selected a range of house types so they had found in samples taken during the fire and could test how age, distance from the fire, roof the findings of a literature review. type, and building materials affected the chemical make-up and amount of ash and dust in roof Senversa undertook the literature review to help: cavities. By selecting a range of house types and • determine which contaminants were likely to locations, the results can be applied to similar be found in the brown coal ash houses that were not selected for testing. • understand whether brown coal ash residue remaining in roof cavities could cause any Nineteen contaminants were tested. Only three – possible health risks to the community. lead, antimony and zinc – were found at elevated levels in any of the 60 houses. One house in The review was completed and presented to DHHS Rosedale had an elevated level of polycyclic on 3 November 2016. It can be found online at: aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (see frequently www.health.vic.gov.au/ash-project used terms, page 13). “I thought the ‘Ash in Roof Cavities’ initiative was a very positive step for the community. The ladies carrying out the project were terrific in their handling of this. They explained the process thoroughly every step of the way. It was a good experience.” Project participant 4 Ash residue in Morwell roof cavities The review found there was very little information on the physical nature and chemical make-up of brown coal ash and its associated health effects. But, based on what was available and what had been found in the EPA testing during the fire, 19 contaminants were selected for testing. These were: • antimony • arsenic • boron • barium • beryllium • cadmium • chromium • cobalt • copper About Senversa • lead • manganese Senversa Pty Ltd is an independent, private, • mercury Australian environmental consulting firm. • nickel They investigate industrial contamination • polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and advise on remediation, advise on landfill • selenium and waste management, and undertake • strontium environmental audits. • titanium The staff includes trained geologists, • vanadium hydrogeologists, environmental engineers, • zinc. chemists, environmental managers, project Based on the available research, other managers, remediation technicians and hydrocarbons, pesticides and radioactive administrators. The team also includes materials did not warrant further investigation. 11 environmental auditors appointed by the The literature review found no information on any environment protection authorities of Victoria, link between ash and red mould. New South Wales, Western Australia and South Australia. 5 Residents’ concerns about other materials Sample collection were noted and explored. However, they were Senversa selected 50 of the 149 houses in Morwell not considered for further investigation for the that were volunteered for testing. To ensure all following reasons: house types were represented in the study, the • rubber: because contaminants found in rubber 50 houses were selected based on building age, were already being tested distance from the fire, and building and roofing • silica and the firefighting foams used against materials. All roof cavities had to be safe for bushfires: because the forms in which they were the independent experts to enter and collect found have not been shown to affect health the samples. The residents of each house also • asbestos: because only insignificant amounts completed a questionnaire about the house would have been burnt in the Hazelwood coal and whether they had seen mould growing in mine fire. the house. Very few studies about roof cavity dust and ash Before they collected the samples, Senversa from coal mine fires have been undertaken in made visual observations of the appearance Australia. This project therefore provides useful and amount of dust and ash in the roof cavity. methods, techniques and baseline information They also looked to see if mould was growing on for future studies. the ceiling or cornices.
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