03/22/2021 Inventory
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Bwsr Featured Plant Minnesota's Milkweeds
BWSR FEATURED PLANT MINNESOTA’S MILKWEEDS Publication Date: 6‐1‐13 Milkweeds play a key role in wetlands, prairies, savannas and forests in Minnesota. The genus (Asclepias) is particularly important as a nectar and larval food source for a wide range of insect species. The best known example is the monarch butterfly whose larvae appear to feed only on milkweeds. Milkweeds have a unique pollination mechanism where pollen grains are enclosed in waxy sacs called “pollina” that attach to the legs of butterflies, moths, bees, ants and wasps and are then deposited in another milkweed flower if they step into a specialized anther opening. Most milkweeds are toxic to vertebrate herbivores due to cardiac glycosides that are in their plant cells. In addition to supporting insect populations, Butterfly Milkweed milkweeds also provide other landscape benefits due to their extensive root systems (sometimes deep roots, sometimes horizontal) that Photos by Dave Hanson decrease compaction, add organic material to the soil and improve unless otherwise stated water infiltration. Common milkweed is probably the best known milkweed species as it is found in all counties of the state and was included on some county prohibited noxious weed lists. The species was considered a common agricultural weed as its extensive root network made it difficult to remove from agricultural fields with cultivators. Now the species is effectively removed from genetically modified corn and soybean fields that are sprayed with herbicide. This practice has contributed to significant declines in milkweed species, with an estimated 58% decline in the Midwest between 1999 and 2010 and a corresponding 81% decline in monarch butterfly production (Pleasants & Oberhauser, 2013). -
Elements by Townrange for Racine County
Elements by Townrange for Racine County The Natural Heritage Inventory (NHI) database contains recent and historic element (rare species and natural community) observations. A generalized version of the NHI database is provided below as a general reference and should not be used as a substitute for a WI Dept of Natural Resources NHI review of a specific project area. The NHI database is dynamic, records are continually being added and/or updated. The following data are current as of 03/26/2014: Town Range State Federal State Global Group Scientific Name Common Name Status Status Rank Rank Name Agalinis auriculata Earleaf Foxglove SC S1 G3 Plant Asclepias lanuginosa Woolly Milkweed THR S1 G4? Plant Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed END S3 G5? Plant Asclepias sullivantii Prairie Milkweed THR S2S3 G5 Plant Carex garberi Elk Sedge THR S2 G5 Plant~ Carex swanii Swan Sedge SC S1 G5 Plant Cypripedium candidum Small White Lady's-slipper THR S3 G4 Plant~ Dryopteris clintoniana Clinton's Woodfern SC SH G5 Plant Lespedeza leptostachya Prairie Bush-clover END LT S2 G3 Plant Phegopteris hexagonoptera Broad Beech Fern SC S2 G5 Plant Plantago cordata Heart-leaved Plantain END S1 G4 Plant~ Prenanthes aspera Rough Rattlesnake-root END S1 G4? Plant Ranunculus cymbalaria Seaside Crowfoot THR S2 G5 Plant~ Thamnophis proximus Western Ribbonsnake END S1 G5 Snake~ Thamnophis sauritus Eastern Ribbonsnake END S1 G5 Snake~ 001N019E Moxostoma carinatum River Redhorse THR S2 G4 Fish~ 001N020E Moxostoma carinatum River Redhorse THR S2 G4 Fish~ 001N022E Aphredoderus -
Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description
Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description Prepared by: Michael A. Kost, Dennis A. Albert, Joshua G. Cohen, Bradford S. Slaughter, Rebecca K. Schillo, Christopher R. Weber, and Kim A. Chapman Michigan Natural Features Inventory P.O. Box 13036 Lansing, MI 48901-3036 For: Michigan Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division and Forest, Mineral and Fire Management Division September 30, 2007 Report Number 2007-21 Version 1.2 Last Updated: July 9, 2010 Suggested Citation: Kost, M.A., D.A. Albert, J.G. Cohen, B.S. Slaughter, R.K. Schillo, C.R. Weber, and K.A. Chapman. 2007. Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Report Number 2007-21, Lansing, MI. 314 pp. Copyright 2007 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status or family status. Cover photos: Top left, Dry Sand Prairie at Indian Lake, Newaygo County (M. Kost); top right, Limestone Bedrock Lakeshore, Summer Island, Delta County (J. Cohen); lower left, Muskeg, Luce County (J. Cohen); and lower right, Mesic Northern Forest as a matrix natural community, Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park, Ontonagon County (M. Kost). Acknowledgements We thank the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division and Forest, Mineral, and Fire Management Division for funding this effort to classify and describe the natural communities of Michigan. This work relied heavily on data collected by many present and former Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) field scientists and collaborators, including members of the Michigan Natural Areas Council. -
Q Seed Counts
Genesis Nursery Seed Count List data as of 15 March 2014 Beware ths Ides of March Species Lot/source Date entered Seeds/oz Acer rubrum jfnew 1/26/04 794 Acer saccharinum jfnew 1/26/04 111 Acer saccharinum aes10 5/4/12 400 Acer saccharum jfnew 1/26/04 563 Achillea filipendula applewood 3/10/04 174,375 Achillea filipendula everwilde 2011 12/13/10 175,000 Achillea lanulosa wns2001 4/2/02 165,516 Achillea lanulosa applewood 3/10/04 202,500 Achillea millefoilium achmilgo 2/9/06 166,912 Achillea millefoilium applewood 3/10/04 174,375 Achillea millefoilium achmil0san 9/21/02 179,022 Achillea millefoilium everwilde 2011 12/13/10 200,000 Achillea millefoilium occidentalis everwilde 2011 1/16/11 175,000 Achillea millefoilium rubra applewood 3/10/04 174,375 Achillea millefoilium rubra stocks 12/13/10 175,000 Achillea millefoilium rubra everwilde 2011 12/13/10 180,000 Acorus americanus acocalshi 6/10/05 5,553 Acorus americanus acocalsan 3/1/04 6,175 Acorus americanus prairiemoon 2/26/02 6,600 Acorus americanus everwilde 2011 1/16/11 6,800 Acorus americanus acoameroku 12/19/06 6,906 Acorus americanus jfnew 1/26/04 7,000 Acorus americanus aes 11/4/11 7,000 Acorus americanus acoamebat 11/18/11 9,260 Acorus americanus acocal02 1/10/02 11,853 Acorus calamus no lot no date zip, nada, zilch Actaea pachypoda everwilde 2011 12/13/10 5,000 Actaea pachypoda prairiemoon 10/3/13 5,200 Actaea rubra prairiemoon 10/3/13 4,450 Actaea rubra wns2001 4/2/02 34,000 Agalinus purpurea agapuuhiru 9/26/13 506,696 Agalinus tenuifolia agatenbat 12/7/11 144,036 Agalinus tenuifolia -
Hybridization Between Asclepias Purpurascens and Asclepias Syriaca (Apocynaceae): a Cause for Concern?1
Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 146(4): 278–290, 2019. Hybridization between Asclepias purpurascens and Asclepias syriaca (Apocynaceae): A cause for concern?1 Steven B. Broyles2,4 and Geordie Elkins3 2Biological Sciences Department, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045 and 3Highstead, 127 Lonetown Road, Redding, CT 06896 Abstract. Rare plant species can be at risk of hybridization, reduced genetic variation, and genetic assimilation when a numerically abundant congener co-occurs in or invades their habitat. We investigated hybridization between a species in decline, Asclepias purpurascens L., and its common and widespread congener, Asclepias syriaca L. A total of 40 morphological traits were measured on 60 flowering plants from a mixed population in Connecticut. Cluster and principal component analyses identified two distinct clusters of parental species taxa and a third cluster representing putative hybrids. Although leaf traits of putative hybrids were more similar to A. syriaca, floral traits and the morphological space on the principal component analysis were more similar to A. purpurascens. This suggests that the population contains a mix of F1 and advanced generation hybrids with the possibility of introgression into A. purpurascens. Although putative hybrids are intermediate for most traits, pollen counts reveal reduced fertility of presumed hybrid that might influence mating behaviors and increase the likelihood of backcrossing with A. purpurascens. We suggest a combination of morphological traits that better identify the two parental species as well as hybrids in the field. Conservationists should consider options of managing A. syriaca where A. purpurascens needs protection from competition to prevent genetic assimilation of the latter. Key words: Asclepias, conservation, hybridization Angiosperms abound with natural and anthro- 2015). -
Open Myers THESIS.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School School of Science, Engineering, and Technology IMPACT OF OZONE ON MILKWEED (ASCLEPIAS) SPECIES A Thesis in Environmental Pollution Control by Abigail C. Myers 2016 Abigail C. Myers Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science December 2016 The thesis of Abigail C. Myers was reviewed and approved* by the following: Dennis R. Decoteau Professor of Horticulture and Plant Ecosystem Health Thesis Advisor Donald D. Davis Professor of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology Richard Marini Professor of Horticulture Shirley Clark Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Graduate Program Coordinator, Environmental Engineering and Environmental Pollution Control *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii Abstract Tropospheric (or ground level) ozone in ambient concentrations can damage vegetation and interfere with the human respiratory system. Plants as bioindicators of ozone are commonly used to detect phytotoxic levels of tropospheric ozone where physical/chemical/electrical monitoring equipment cannot be utilized due to expense, electrical needs, or availability of instruments. Asclepias syriaca (Common Milkweed) has been effectively used as a bioindicator for ozone. Visual ozone injury on Common Milkweed is characterized as purple stippling of the upper surface of older leaves as the season progresses, the purple coloration of the upper leaf surface may encompass most of the leaf surface. While sensitivity to ozone has been documented on Common Milkweed, less is known about the ozone sensitivity of other Asclepias species and little is known regarding the concentration dose response of Common Milkweed to ozone and timing of visual symptoms. Of the Asclepias species evaluated Tropical Milkweed (A. -
Species List For: Valley View Glades NA 418 Species
Species List for: Valley View Glades NA 418 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location NA List NA Nomination and subsequent visits Jefferson County Glade Complex NA List from Gass, Wallace, Priddy, Chmielniak, T. Smith, Ladd & Glore, Bogler, MPF Hikes 9/24/80, 10/2/80, 7/10/85, 8/8/86, 6/2/87, 1986, and 5/92 WGNSS Lists Webster Groves Nature Study Society Fieldtrip Jefferson County Glade Complex Participants WGNSS Vascular Plant List maintained by Steve Turner Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer rubrum var. undetermined red maple Sapindaceae 5 0 Acer saccharinum silver maple Sapindaceae 2 -3 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Aesculus glabra var. undetermined Ohio buckeye Sapindaceae 5 -1 Agalinis skinneriana (Gerardia) midwestern gerardia Orobanchaceae 7 5 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Allium canadense var. mobilense wild garlic Liliaceae 7 5 Allium canadense var. undetermined wild garlic Liliaceae 2 3 Allium cernuum wild onion Liliaceae 8 5 Allium stellatum wild onion Liliaceae 6 5 * Allium vineale field garlic Liliaceae 0 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 3 Ambrosia bidentata lanceleaf ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 4 Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 -1 Amelanchier arborea var. arborea downy serviceberry Rosaceae 6 3 Amorpha canescens lead plant Fabaceae/Faboideae 8 5 Amphicarpaea bracteata hog peanut Fabaceae/Faboideae 4 0 Andropogon gerardii var. -
Local Ecotype Seed Species Available
Conservation Blueprint 2020 Local Ecotype Seed Availability 1 Seed Origin Nebraska County of Species Scientific Name Ecoregion Request Generation 2 Origin Western Yarrow Achillea millefolium G0 332 Howard Acmispon americanus or Lotus Deer Vetch unifoliolatus G0 332 Howard Rough Purple Gerardia Agalinis aspera G0 332 Howard Slender Gerardia Agalinis tenuifolia G0 332 Howard Anise Hyssop Agastache foeniculum G2 332 Howard White Snakeroot Ageratina altissima G0 332 Howard Wild Onion/Wild Garlic Allium canadense G0 332 Howard Ragweed, Common Ambrosia artemisiifolia G0 332 Howard Ragweed, Western Ambrosia psilostachya G0 332 Howard Ragweed, Giant Ambrosia trifida G0 332 Howard Leadplant Amorpha canescens G0 332 Howard Caroline Anemone Anemone caroliniana G0 332 Howard Candle Anemone Anemone cylindrica G0 332 Howard & Colfax Field Pussytoes Antennaria neglecta G0 332 Howard Prickly Poppy Argemone polyanthemos G0 332 Howard White Sage Artemisia ludoviciana G0 332 Howard Sand Milkweed Asclepias arenaria G0 332 Howard, Greeley & Loup Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata G1 332 Howard Purple Milkweed Asclepias purpurascens G1 251 Kansas Showy Milkweed Asclepias speciosa G1 332 Howard Narrow-leaved Milkweed Asclepias stenophylla G0 332 Howard Sullivant's Milkweed Asclepias sullivantii G1 332 Howard, Knox & Merrick Howard, Colfax & Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca G0 332 Greeley Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca G0 222 Michigan Butterfly Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa G1 332 Howard Whorled Milkweed Asclepias verticillata G0 332 Howard Green Milkweed -
Barcoding the Asteraceae of Tennessee, Tribe Senecioneae
Schilling, E.E. and A. Floden. 2014. Barcoding the Asteraceae of Tennessee, tribe Senecioneae. Phytoneuron 2014-34: 1–5. Published 14 March 2014. ISSN 2153 733X BARCODING THE ASTERACEAE OF TENNESSEE, TRIBE SENECIONEAE EDWARD E. SCHILLING AND AARON FLODEN Herbarium TENN Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT Results from barcoding studies of tribe Senecioneae for the Tennessee flora using data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS marker region are presented and include first complete reports of this marker for 3 of the 15 species of these tribes that occur in the state. Sequence data from the ITS region separated all Tennessee species of Arnoglossum , Erechtites , Hasteola , and Rugelia (all of which are native) from one another and from other, non-Tennessee congeners. In contrast, many of the species of Packera , both from the state and from other parts of the southeastern USA, had basically identical ITS sequences. The contrast in the distinctiveness of Arnoglossum species compared to those of Packera suggests the two genera have had different histories of introduction and diversification in southeastern North America. Tribe Senecioneae is one of the largest in Asteraceae and with a worldwide distribution has had the opportunity to diversify in many different regions. The boundaries and circumscription of the tribe have, however, changed over the past few decades, and its generic level circumscription is still being settled (Nordenstam et al. 2009; Pelser et al. 2007, 2010). Notable is the problem of the circumscription of the huge Senecio (ca. 1000 species), but changes have also affected other genera from the southeastern USA, most notably the recognition of Arnoglossum and Hasteola as distinct from Cacalia (Anderson 1974). -
Floristic Quality Assessment Report
FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN INDIANA: THE CONCEPT, USE, AND DEVELOPMENT OF COEFFICIENTS OF CONSERVATISM Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) the State tree of Indiana June 2004 Final Report for ARN A305-4-53 EPA Wetland Program Development Grant CD975586-01 Prepared by: Paul E. Rothrock, Ph.D. Taylor University Upland, IN 46989-1001 Introduction Since the early nineteenth century the Indiana landscape has undergone a massive transformation (Jackson 1997). In the pre-settlement period, Indiana was an almost unbroken blanket of forests, prairies, and wetlands. Much of the land was cleared, plowed, or drained for lumber, the raising of crops, and a range of urban and industrial activities. Indiana’s native biota is now restricted to relatively small and often isolated tracts across the State. This fragmentation and reduction of the State’s biological diversity has challenged Hoosiers to look carefully at how to monitor further changes within our remnant natural communities and how to effectively conserve and even restore many of these valuable places within our State. To meet this monitoring, conservation, and restoration challenge, one needs to develop a variety of appropriate analytical tools. Ideally these techniques should be simple to learn and apply, give consistent results between different observers, and be repeatable. Floristic Assessment, which includes metrics such as the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) and Mean C values, has gained wide acceptance among environmental scientists and decision-makers, land stewards, and restoration ecologists in Indiana’s neighboring states and regions: Illinois (Taft et al. 1997), Michigan (Herman et al. 1996), Missouri (Ladd 1996), and Wisconsin (Bernthal 2003) as well as northern Ohio (Andreas 1993) and southern Ontario (Oldham et al. -
Don Robinson State Park Species Count: 544
Trip Report for: Don Robinson State Park Species Count: 544 Date: Multiple Visits Jefferson County Agency: MODNR Location: LaBarque Creek Watershed - Vascular Plants Participants: Nels Holmberg, WGNSS, MONPS, Justin Thomas, George Yatskievych This list was compiled by Nels Holmbeg over a period of > 10 years Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha gracilens slender three-seeded mercury Euphorbiaceae 3 5 Acalypha monococca (A. gracilescens var. monococca) one-seeded mercury Euphorbiaceae 3 5 Acalypha rhomboidea rhombic copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 1 3 Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer rubrum var. undetermined red maple Sapindaceae 5 0 Acer saccharinum silver maple Sapindaceae 2 -3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Ranunculaceae 8 5 Adiantum pedatum var. pedatum northern maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Fern/Ally 6 1 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia parviflora swamp agrimony Rosaceae 5 -1 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Agrostis perennans upland bent Poaceae/Aveneae 3 1 * Ailanthus altissima tree-of-heaven Simaroubaceae 0 5 * Ajuga reptans carpet bugle Lamiaceae 0 5 Allium canadense var. undetermined wild garlic Liliaceae 2 3 Allium stellatum wild onion Liliaceae 6 5 * Allium vineale field garlic Liliaceae 0 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 3 Ambrosia bidentata lanceleaf ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 4 Amelanchier arborea var. arborea downy serviceberry Rosaceae 6 3 Amorpha canescens lead plant Fabaceae/Faboideae 8 5 Amphicarpaea bracteata hog peanut Fabaceae/Faboideae 4 0 Andropogon gerardii var. -
Milkweed and Monarchs
OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF WILDLIFE MILKWEEDS AND MONARCHS Acknowledgments Table of Contents We thank Dr. David Horn, past president of the Ohio Lepidopterists, 03 MONARCH LIFE CYCLE for his thoughtful review of this publication. Our appreciation goes 04 MONARCH MIGRATION to the Ohio Lepidopterists, and Monarch Watch. These organizations work tirelessly to promote the conservation of butterflies and moths. 05 PROBLEMS & DECLINE COVER PHOTO BY KELLY NELSON 06 MILKWEEDS 07 OTHER MILKWEED SPECIALISTS 08 MONARCH NURSERY GARDEN Introduction 09 FIVE EXCELLENT MILKWEEDS Text and photos by Jim McCormac, Ohio Division of Wildlife, unless otherwise stated. 10 SUPERB MONARCH NECTAR SOURCES The Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) is one of North Amer- ica’s most iconic insects. The gorgeous golden-brown and black but- terfly is probably the most celebrated insect on the continent, and the migration of the eastern population is conspicuous and spectacular. Southbound Monarchs can appear anywhere, even in highly urban- ized locales, and the butterflies often use backyard gardens as way sta- tions. Occasionally a resting swarm of hundreds or even thousands of butterflies is encountered. The spectacle of trees dripping with living leaves of butterflies is unlikely to be forgotten. PHOTO BY CHRIS FROST A Pictorial Journey From Caterpillar to Chrysalis to Butterfly PHOTOS BY STEVEN RUSSEL SMITH Monarch Butterfly Life Cycle Like all species in the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), soon hatch. The caterpillars begin eating the milkweed foliage, and Monarchs engage in complete metamorphosis. This term indicates grow rapidly. The growth process involves five molts where the cater- that there are four parts to the life cycle: egg, caterpillar, pupa, and pillar sheds its skin and emerges as a larger animal.