Deformation-Induced Cleaning of Organically Fouled Membranes: Fundamentals and Techno- Economic Assessment for Spiral-Wound Membranes

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Deformation-Induced Cleaning of Organically Fouled Membranes: Fundamentals and Techno- Economic Assessment for Spiral-Wound Membranes Deformation-induced cleaning of organically fouled membranes: Fundamentals and techno- economic assessment for spiral-wound membranes The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Goon, Grace S.S. et al. "Deformation-induced cleaning of organically fouled membranes: Fundamentals and techno-economic assessment for spiral-wound membranes." Journal of Membrane Science 626 (May 2021): 119169. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119169 Publisher Elsevier BV Version Author's final manuscript Citable link https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130373 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Deformation-induced cleaning of organically fouled membranes: Fundamentals and techno-economic assessment for spiral-wound membranes Grace S. S. Goona;y , Omar Labbanb;y , Zi Hao Foob;c , Xuanhe Zhao b;z , John H. Lienhard Vb;z∗ a Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139-4307, USA b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139-4307, USA cSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore yJoint first authors. zJoint senior authors. Abstract Membrane fouling is a ubiquitous challenge in water treatment and desalination systems. Current reverse osmosis (RO) membrane cleaning technology relies on chemical processes, incurring considerable costs and generating waste streams. Here, we present a novel chemical-free membrane cleaning method applicable to commercially existing RO spiral-wound membrane modules. The method employs controlled membrane deformation through pressure modulation, which induces shear stresses at the foulant-membrane interface that lead to detachment and removal of the foulants. To investigate the effectiveness of the method, experi- ments on organic fouling by alginate are conducted on a flat-sheet membrane coupon followed by tests ona commercial spiral-wound module with feeds of varying fouling propensities. Cleaning durations are six-fold lower, and the experimental results demonstrate flux recoveries and cleaning efficiencies comparable tothose of chemical cleaning. The experiments on the spiral-wound module indicate that this method will have applicability in industrially-relevant settings. To elucidate the underlying cleaning mechanisms, membrane deformation experiments with no flow are conducted, and in situ visualization techniques are employed for both the flat-sheet and spiral-wound modules. The results show that cleaning is caused by a reduction in shear strength at the foulant-membrane interface after cycles of repeated loading, a behavior typical of fatigue. By enabling more frequent cleanings, deformation-induced cleaning is shown to considerably lower operating costs in an economic case study while offering a more sustainable and environmentally sound solution to membrane cleaning and antifouling in desalination. Keywords: reverse osmosis, membrane fouling, chemical cleaning, chemical-free cleaning, deformation-induced cleaning. ∗Corresponding author: [email protected] Preprint submitted to Journal of Membrane Science February 19, 2021 G. Goon, O. Labban, Z.H. Foo, X. Zhao, and J.H. Lienhard V, “Deformation-induced cleaning of organically fouled membranes: Fundamentals and techno-economic assessment for spiral-wound membranes,” J. Membrane Sci., 626:119169, 15 May 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119169 1. Introduction With four billion people already facing water scarcity [1], water demand is only projected to intensify, fueled by a growing world population, climate change, and the rising standards of living in the developing world [2]. Tapping into nature’s most abundant resource, the ocean, desalination has become a key tool for tackling the problem [3, 4, 5] with membrane-based reverse osmosis (RO) supplying the majority of the world’s installed desalination capacity [2]. In spite of their success, however, membranes are plagued by fouling, often dubbed the “Achilles’ heel of membrane processes”, resulting in considerable downtime for cleaning and lost productivity [6]. Given the lack of effective physical cleaning methods, however, desalination plants currently rely upon chemical cleaning despite the numerous drawbacks, which include chemical costs, undesirable plant shut- downs, membrane degradation, and environmental concerns associated with chemical waste. For these reasons, alternative cleaning methods could make desalination cheaper, more widely accessible, and more environmentally sustainable. Interest in chemical-free membrane cleaning has lately been on the rise, due to its potential to negate the drawbacks of chemical methods. Unlike other membrane processes, however, the structure of RO mem- branes and the module designs implemented in practice prevent direct mechanical backwashing. While the RO market had been dominated until the mid-1990’s by the hollow fiber configuration, the spiral-wound configuration has lately overtaken it in prevalence due to its mechanical robustness for high pressure oper- ation and desirable compromise among competing operating factors, such as fouling control and pressure drop [6, 7, 8]. Nonetheless, commercially existing RO membranes are unable to withstand high pressures on the permeate side during backwashing without incurring damage, nor has the piping on the permeate side in RO spiral-wound modules been designed to tolerate pressures exceeding manufacturer specifications [9]. In an attempt to provide a commercial solution combining the benefits of the spiral-wound configura- tion with backwashing capability, MICRODYN-NADIR recently introduced the SpiraSep 960 ultrafiltration (UF) module. The product features UF membranes that are less tightly wounded than a typical spiral- wound element, allowing for mechanical backwashing [10]. A similar product for RO, nonetheless, remains elusive. Instead, the chemical-free methods employed in RO can largely be categorized into osmotically and mechanically-driven fouling mitigation techniques. In osmotically-induced cleaning (OIC), the net driving pressure (NDP) is controlled such that the osmotic pressure difference across the membrane becomes the dominant driving force. Water is thus transported by osmosis from the purer permeate side to the more concentrated feed side, causing the foulant layer to experience a variety of mechanisms that potentially encourage detachment [11]. Liberman and Liberman [12, 13], first coining the term Direct Osmosis cleaning by the High Salinity Solution (DO-HS), proposedsuch an approach as an environmentally friendly on-line cleaning technique. Further research by Qin et al. [14], Lee and Elimelech [15], and Sagiv and Semiat [16] investigated the viability of this approach for wastewater reclamation and membrane scaling mitigation. 2 Despite its potential, widespread adoption of OIC in practice has been challenged by operational chal- lenges. A study by Farooque et al. [17], for example, found OIC to be ineffective at mitigating fouling in commercial spiral-wound modules used for seawater desalination. Furthermore, recent experiments by Lab- ban et al. [11] using organic foulants demonstrate the mechanism underlying OIC and visually capture the foulant layer detachment and cleaning procedure as they occur in situ. These experiments, however, show the effectiveness of OIC decreases considerably in the presence of spacers. Faced with these limitations for OIC, mechanically-driven vibration of the membrane presents yet another means of chemical-free fouling mitigation. While the method of generating motion can vary widely depend- ing on the membrane configuration and geometry, the mechanism of fouling mitigation had mostly been surrounding methods that would increase the unsteady shear rate and turbulence on the membrane surface [18]. The Vibratory Shear-Enhanced Process (VSEP) is an example that employs a rotational mechanism, especially at the torsional modal frequency, to generate large oscillatory shear stresses at the membrane sur- face [19]. The ability of VSEP to induce large turbulent flows at the surface allows it to mitigate fouling on the membrane effectively, paving the way for treating streams featuring high fouling propensities [20].Due to its limited capacity and high capital and maintenance costs associated with moving parts, nonetheless, VSEP may not be suitable for large-scale deployment in desalination [20, 21]. Despite the ability of rota- tional mechanisms to mitigate fouling, frequent chemical cleaning of the membranes remains inevitable [19]. Furthermore, higher fouling rates at smaller radii may lead to potential blockages, and uneven membrane defects. Another mechanically-driven approach of fouling mitigation involves the introduction of hollow fiber modules, where membrane motion may be classified as longitudinal (parallel to the axis), transverse (per- pendicular to the axis), or rotational. Several studies have explored the introduction of hollow fiber membrane transverse oscillation as an antifouling mechanism [22, 23, 24, 25]. In these studies, membrane vibration was achieved either by the generation of oscillating flow [25, 26] in the liquid or the direct movement ofthe membranes [23, 27]. Li et al. [27] performed vibration experiments with a relatively wide parameter space, concluding that
Recommended publications
  • Top Performance When the Going Gets Tough
    Top performance when the going gets tough The Alfa Laval DuroShell plate-and-shell heat exchanger Sub-headline coming soon DuroShell – plate-and-shell made tougher Alfa Laval DuroShell is a specially engineered plate-and-shell heat exchanger ideal for demanding duties and corrosive media. Able to withstand fatigue even at high temperatures and pressures, it outperforms not only traditional heat exchangers, but also other plate-and-shells. As flexible as it is strong DuroShell creates new possibilities through its com- pactness, efficiency and exceptional resistance to fatigue. Able to work with liquids, gases and two- phase mixtures, it stands out among heat exchangers in its duty range. DuroShell handles pressures up to 100 barg (1450 psig) in compliance with PED and ASME, and temperatures as high as 450 °C (842 °F). Built for your application DuroShell is fully welded and gasket-free, with internal features that make it still more robust. Plates are avail- able in 316L stainless steel, while the pressure vessel itself can be built in 316L stainless steel or carbon steel. Three different sizes are possible, with heat transfer surfaces ranging 2–235 m2 (21.5–2530 ft 2) in area. DuroShell RollerCoaster Robust and efficient performance. DuroShell PowerPack Optimized flow distribution and fatigue resistance. Learn more at www.alfalaval.com/duroshell Plate-and-shell benefits made better • More uptime and longer life due to • Installation savings through even greater fatigue resistance more compact, lightweight design • Higher operating pressures thanks • Greater reliability as a result of to robust, patented construction closed, fully welded construction • Operational gains created by 15–20 % higher thermal efficiency How it works Revolutionary technology Optimized flow DuroShell is a plate-and-shell heat exchanger, but one DuroShell operates with one media on the plate side with a unique internal design.
    [Show full text]
  • Fatigue Overview Introduction to Fatigue Analysis
    Fatigue overview Introduction to fatigue analysis • Fatigue is the failure of a component after several repetitive load cycles. • As a one-time occurrence, the load is not dangerous in itself. Over time the alternating load is able to break the structure anyway. • It is estimated that between 50 and 90 % of product failures is caused by fatigue, and based on this fact, fatigue evaluation should be a part of all product development. What is fatigue? In materials science, fatigue is the progressive and localized structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading (material is stressed repeatedly). Clients tous différents Routes de qualités variables Contraintes Fatigue Design in Automotive Industry Conception fiable PSA (Peugeot Citroën) Résistances 3s 3s Dispersion matériau Dispersion de production Fatigue • Fracture mechanics can be divided into three stages: 1. Crack nucleation 2. Crack-growth 3. Ultimate ductile failure Introduction to fatigue analysis • Fatigue is the failure of a component after several repetitive load cycles. • As a one-time occurrence, the load is not dangerous in itself. Over time the alternating load is able to break the structure anyway. • It is estimated that between 50 and 90 % of product failures is caused by fatigue, and based on this fact, fatigue evaluation should be a part of all product development. Historical background • In comparison to the classical stress analysis, fatigue theory is a relative new phenomenon. The need to understand fatigue arose after the industrial revolution introduced steel structures. Three areas were particularly involved in early failures: Railway trains, Mining equipment and Bridges. Historical background • 1837: Wilhelm Albert publishes the first article on fatigue.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrosion Fatigue of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Nuclear Power Engineering
    metals Article Corrosion Fatigue of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Nuclear Power Engineering Irena Vlˇcková 1,*, Petr Jonšta 2, ZdenˇekJonšta 2, Petra Vá ˇnová 2 and Tat’ána Kulová 2 1 RMTSC, Material & Metallurgical Research Ltd., Remote Site Ostrava, VÚHŽ a.s., Dobrá 739 51, Czech Republic 2 Department of Materials Engineering, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic; [email protected] (P.J.); [email protected] (Z.J.); [email protected] (P.V.); [email protected] (T.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-558601257 Academic Editor: Hugo F. Lopez Received: 21 September 2016; Accepted: 8 December 2016; Published: 16 December 2016 Abstract: Significant structural steels for nuclear power engineering are chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels. The presented paper evaluates the kinetics of the fatigue crack growth of AISI 304L and AISI 316L stainless steels in air and in corrosive environments of 3.5% aqueous NaCl solution after the application of solution annealing, stabilizing annealing, and sensitization annealing. Comparisons were made between the fatigue crack growth rate after each heat treatment regime, and a comparison between the fatigue crack growth rate in both types of steels was made. For individual heat treatment regimes, the possibility of the development of intergranular corrosion was also considered. Evaluations resulted in very favourable corrosion fatigue characteristics of the 316L steel. After application of solution and stabilizing annealing at a comparable DK level, the fatigue crack growth rate was about one half compared to 304L steel. After sensitization annealing of 316L steel, compared to stabilizing annealing, the increase of crack growth rate during corrosion fatigue was slightly higher.
    [Show full text]
  • Design for Cyclic Loading, Soderberg, Goodman and Modified Goodman's Equation
    Design for Cyclic Loading 1. Completely reversing cyclic stress and endurance strength A purely reversing or cyclic stress means when the stress alternates between equal positive and Pure cyclic stress negative peak stresses sinusoidally during each 300 cycle of operation, as shown. In this diagram the stress varies with time between +250 MPa 200 to -250MPa. This kind of cyclic stress is 100 developed in many rotating machine parts that 0 are carrying a constant bending load. -100 When a part is subjected cyclic stress, Stress (MPa) also known as range or reversing stress (Sr), it -200 has been observed that the failure of the part -300 occurs after a number of stress reversals (N) time even it the magnitude of Sr is below the material’s yield strength. Generally, higher the value of Sr, lesser N is needed for failure. No. of Cyclic stress stress (Sr) reversals for failure (N) psi 1000 81000 2000 75465 4000 70307 8000 65501 16000 61024 32000 56853 64000 52967 96000 50818 144000 48757 216000 46779 324000 44881 486000 43060 729000 41313 1000000 40000 For a typical material, the table and the graph above (S-N curve) show the relationship between the magnitudes Sr and the number of stress reversals (N) before failure of the part. For example, if the part were subjected to Sr= 81,000 psi, then it would fail after N=1000 stress reversals. If the same part is subjected to Sr = 61,024 psi, then it can survive up to N=16,000 reversals, and so on. Sengupta MET 301: Design for Cyclic Loading 1 of 7 It has been observed that for most of engineering materials, the rate of reduction of Sr becomes negligible near the vicinity of N = 106 and the slope of the S-N curve becomes more or less horizontal.
    [Show full text]
  • Very High Cycle Fatigue of Engineering Materials
    Faculty of Technology and Science Materials Engineering Vitaliy Kazymyrovych Very high cycle fatigue of engineering materials (A literature review) Karlstad University Studies 2009:22 Vitaliy Kazymyrovych Very high cycle fatigue of engineering materials (A literature review) Karlstad University Studies 2009:22 Vitaliy Kazymyrovych. Very high cycle fatigue of engineering materials - A literature review Research Report Karlstad University Studies 2009:22 ISSN 1403-8099 ISBN 978-91-7063-246-4 © The Author Distribution: Faculty of Technology and Science Materials Engineering SE-651 88 Karlstad +46 54 700 10 00 www.kau.se Printed at: Universitetstryckeriet, Karlstad 2009 Very high cycle fatigue of engineering materials (A literature review) V.Kazymyrovych* Department of Materials Engineering, Karlstad University SE-651 88, Sweden * Email address: [email protected] Abstract This paper examines the development and present status of the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) phenomenon in engineering materials. The concept of ultrasonic fatigue testing is described in light of its historical appearance covering the main principles and equipment variations. The VHCF behaviour of the most important materials used for very long life applications is presented, with particular attention paid to steels. In section 3 the VHCF properties of titanium-, nickel-, aluminium- and magnesium alloys are described. Furthermore, the typical fatigue behaviour and mechanisms of pure metals are presented. Section 4 examines the VHCF properties of various types of steels e.g. low carbon steel, spring steel, stainless steel, bearing steel as well as tool steel. In addition to this, the main material defects that initiate VHCF failure are examined in this study. Furthermore, the different stages characteristic for fatigue crack development in VHCF are described in section 5 in terms of relative importance and sequence.
    [Show full text]
  • Creep-Fatigue Failure Diagnosis
    Review Creep-Fatigue Failure Diagnosis Stuart Holdsworth Received: 22 October 2015 ; Accepted: 6 November 2015 ; Published: 16 November 2015 Academic Editor: Robert Lancaster EMPA: Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland; [email protected]; Tel.: +41-58-765-47-32 Abstract: Failure diagnosis invariably involves consideration of both associated material condition and the results of a mechanical analysis of prior operating history. This Review focuses on these aspects with particular reference to creep-fatigue failure diagnosis. Creep-fatigue cracking can be due to a spectrum of loading conditions ranging from pure cyclic to mainly steady loading with infrequent off-load transients. These require a range of mechanical analysis approaches, a number of which are reviewed. The microstructural information revealing material condition can vary with alloy class. In practice, the detail of the consequent cracking mechanism(s) can be camouflaged by oxidation at high temperatures, although the presence of oxide on fracture surfaces can be used to date events leading to failure. Routine laboratory specimen post-test examination is strongly recommended to characterise the detail of deformation and damage accumulation under known and well-controlled loading conditions to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of failure diagnosis. Keywords: failure diagnosis; creep-fatigue; material condition; mechanical analysis 1. Introduction The diagnosis of failures invariably involves consideration of both the associated material condition and the results of a mechanical analysis of prior operating history. Material condition refers not only to a knowledge of the chemical composition and mechanical properties relative to those originally specified for the failed component, but also the appearance and extent of microstructural and physical damage responsible for failure.
    [Show full text]
  • Creep, Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Interactions in Modified 9% Cr - 1% Mo (P91) Steels" (2013)
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2013 Creep, Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Interactions in Modified 9% rC - 1% Mo (P91) Steels Valliappa Kalyanasundaram University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Mechanics of Materials Commons, Structural Engineering Commons, and the Structural Materials Commons Recommended Citation Kalyanasundaram, Valliappa, "Creep, Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Interactions in Modified 9% Cr - 1% Mo (P91) Steels" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 692. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/692 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. CREEP, FATIGUE AND CREEP-FATIGUE INTERACTIONS IN MODIFIED 9% Cr – 1% Mo (P91) STEELS CREEP, FATIGUE AND CREEP-FATIGUE INTERACTIONS IN MODIFIED 9% Cr – 1% Mo (P91) STEELS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering By Valliappa Kalyanasundaram Madurai Kamaraj University Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering, 2004 University of Arkansas Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering, 2008 May 2013 University of Arkansas ABSTRACT Grade P91 steel, from the class of advanced high-chrome ferritic steels, is one of the preferred materials for many elevated temperature structural components. Creep-fatigue (C-F) interactions, along with oxidation, can accelerate the kinetics of damage accumulation and consequently reduce such components’ life. Hence, reliable C-F test data is required for meticulous consideration of C-F interactions and oxidation, which in turn is vital for sound design practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Fatigue and Wear Behaviour in Ultrafine Grained Connecting Rods
    metals Article Analysis of Fatigue and Wear Behaviour in Ultrafine Grained Connecting Rods Rodrigo Luri, Carmelo J. Luis, Javier León, Juan P. Fuertes, Daniel Salcedo and Ignacio Puertas * Mechanical, Energetics and Materials Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía s/n, Pamplona 31006, Spain; [email protected] (R.L.); [email protected] (C.J.L.); [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (J.P.F.); [email protected] (D.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-948-169-305 Received: 3 July 2017; Accepted: 20 July 2017; Published: 29 July 2017 Abstract: Over the last few years there has been an increasing interest in the study and development of processes that make it possible to obtain ultra-fine grained materials. Although there exists a large number of published works related to the improvement of the mechanical properties in these materials, there are only a few studies that analyse their in-service behaviour (fatigue and wear). In order to bridge the gap, in this present work, the fatigue and wear results obtained for connecting rods manufactured by using two different aluminium alloys (AA5754 and AA5083) previously deformed by severe plastic deformation (SPD), using Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), in order to obtain the ultrafine grain size in the processed materials are shown. For both aluminium alloys, two initial states were studied: annealed and ECAPed. The connecting rods were manufactured from the previously processed materials by using isothermal forging. Fatigue and wear experiments were carried out in order to characterize the in-service behaviour of the components.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Fatigue Damage and Crack Propagation in Ceramic Matrix Composites by Infrared Thermography
    ceramics Article Assessment of Fatigue Damage and Crack Propagation in Ceramic Matrix Composites by Infrared Thermography Konstantinos G. Dassios * and Theodore E. Matikas Department of Materials Science &Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 20 March 2019; Accepted: 27 May 2019; Published: 10 June 2019 Abstract: The initiation and propagation of damage in SiC fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites under static and fatigue loads were assessed by infrared thermography (IRT). The proposed thermographic technique, operating in lock-in mode, enabled early prediction of the residual life of composites, and proved vital in the rapid determination of the materials’ fatigue limit requiring testing of a single specimen only. IRT was also utilized for quantification of crack growth in the materials under cyclic loads. The paper highlights the accuracy and versatility of IRT as a state-of-the art damage assessment tool for ceramic composites. Keywords: ceramics; composites; thermography; fatigue; crack growth 1. Introduction The highly desirable properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMC), including damage tolerance, fracture toughness, wear- and corrosion resistance, and crack growth resistance, allow them to withstand severe thermomechanical loading conditions [1]. As such, the materials are used today in aerospace applications, such as braking systems, structural components, nozzles, and thermal barriers. Glass–ceramic matrix composites reinforced with continuous SiC fibers have received particular scientific attention as they offer additional attractive properties, such as high strength and stiffness, low density, and chemical inertness at conventional and oxidative environments and over a wide range of temperatures [2]. The necessity of monitoring the structural integrity of aerospace composites and their structures is key to the prevention of failure as well as to the safe and economical operation of the structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Corrosion Fatigue Phenomena in Transient Zone of Mechanical Drive Steam Turbines and Its Preventive Measures
    Proceedings of the Second Middle East Turbomachinery Symposium 17 – 20 March 2013, Doha, Qatar Investigation of Corrosion Fatigue Phenomena in Transient Zone of Mechanical Drive Steam Turbines and its Preventive Measures by Satoshi Hata Engineering and Design Division Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Compressor Corporation Naoyuki Nagai Hiroshima Research & Development Center Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Norihito Fujimura MCO Saudi Arabia, LCC. (MCOSA) Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Compressor Corporation Satoshi Hata ABSTRACT Satoshi Hata is a Group Manager For mechanical drive steam turbines, the investigation within the Turbo Machinery results of corrosion fatigue phenomena in the transient zone Engineering Department, Mitsubishi are introduced, including basic phenomena on expansion Heavy Industries, Ltd., in Hiroshima, line and actual design and damage experience. These results Japan. He has 30 year experience in were analyzed from the standpoint of stress intensity during R&D for nuclear uranium centrifuges, turbomolecular pumps, heavy-duty the start of cracking. In order to resolve such problems, gas turbines, steam turbines and preventive coating and blade design methods against fouling compressors. Mr. Hata has B.S., M.S. and corrosive environments are developed. Detailed and Ph.D. degrees (in Mechanical evaluation test results are given for coating performance Engineering) from Kyusyu Institute of using a unique test procedure simulating fouling phenomena Technology. and washing conditions. Finally, the results of the Naoyuki
    [Show full text]
  • Creep-Fatigue Deformation Behaviour of OFHC-Copper and Cucrzr Alloy with Different Heat Treatments and with and Without Neutron Irradiation
    Risø-R-1528(EN) Creep-Fatigue Deformation Behaviour of OFHC-Copper and CuCrZr Alloy with Different Heat Treatments and with and without Neutron Irradiation B.N. Singh, M. Li, J.F. Stubbins and B.S. Johansen Risø National Laboratory Roskilde Denmark August 2005 Author: B.N. Singh1), M. Li2), J.F. Stubbins3) and B.S. Johansen1) Risø-R-1528(EN) August 2005 Title: Creep-Fatigue Deformation Behaviour of OFHC-Copper and CuCrZr Alloy with Different Heat Treatments and with and without Neutron Irradiation Department: Materials Research Department 1)Materials Research Department, Risø National Laboratory DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark 2)Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA 3)Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA ISSN 0106-2840 Abstract ISBN 87-550-3465-9 The creep-fatigue interaction behaviour of a precipitation hardened CuCrZr alloy was investigated at 295 and 573 K. To determine the effect of irradiation a number of fatigue specimens were irradiated at 333 and 573 K to a dose level in the range of 0.2 - 0.3 dpa and were tested at room temperature and 573 K, respectively. The creep-fatigue deformation behaviour of OFHC-copper was also investigated but only in the Contract no.: unirradiated condition and at room temperature. The creep-fatigue TW1-TVV-COP, TW2-TVM-CUCFA and interaction was simulated by applying a certain holdtime on both tension TW3-TVM-CUCFA2 and compression sides of the cyclic loading with a frequency of 0.5 Hz. Holdtimes of up to 1000 seconds were used.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Wear and Fatigue Performance of Two Types of High-Speed Railway Wheel Materials at Different Ambient Temperatures
    materials Article Study on Wear and Fatigue Performance of Two Types of High-Speed Railway Wheel Materials at Different Ambient Temperatures Lei MA 1,* , Wenjian WANG 2, Jun GUO 2 and Qiyue LIU 2 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China 2 Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu 610031, China; [email protected] (W.W.); [email protected] (J.G.); [email protected] (Q.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 14 January 2020; Accepted: 2 March 2020; Published: 5 March 2020 Abstract: The wear and fatigue behaviors of two newly developed types of high-speed railway wheel materials (named D1 and D2) were studied using the WR-1 wheel/rail rolling–sliding wear simulation device at high temperature (50 C), room temperature (20 C), and low temperature ( 30 C). The ◦ ◦ − ◦ results showed that wear loss, surface hardening, and fatigue damage of the wheel and rail materials at high temperature (50 C) and low temperature ( 30 C) were greater than at room temperature, ◦ − ◦ showing the highest values at low temperature. With high Si and V content refining the pearlite lamellar spacing, D2 presented better resistance to wear and fatigue than D1. Generally, D2 wheel material appears more suitable for high-speed railway wheels. Keywords: alpine region; high-speed wheel and rail materials; temperature; wear; fatigue damage 1. Introduction Railways play a vital role in the development of rail transportation. The environmental climate has a certain impact on wheel/rail systems exposed to the open air. Especially in China, wheel and rail materials may serve under extreme temperature conditions due to torridity and severe cold.
    [Show full text]