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U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica: Mcmurdo Station Operations, 1989-1990

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U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica: Mcmurdo Station Operations, 1989-1990 The team also established new control stations using MX- maps are in the final edit stage and are scheduled for printing 1502 doppler satellite receivers. The new stations were on the in early 1991. Seven additional maps have the aerial photog- north and south ends of Coulman Island, the north end of raphy and aerotriangulation completed and are in the map Franklin Island, the north and south ends of Beaufort Island, compilation stage. Additional maps in this series, including and at Cape McCormick, Helm Point, Cape Hallett, Cape Adare, Ross Island, are in the planning stage contingent on acquisition Ross Island, Minna Bluff, and White Island. The team also of additional aerial photography. established two doppler satellite stations on the proposed Pe- For the eighteenth consecutive year, a USGS winter-over gasus runway near McMurdo Station, which will be reoccupied team continued the USGS work in support of satellite tracking in following field seasons to monitor the direction and move- and seismology at the South Pole Station. This year's team ment of this lobe of the Ross Ice Shelf. consisted of Michelle R. Rogan and Ray W. Sliter. In addition Global positioning system data were also collected at McMurdo to satellite tracking, the team operated a USGS seismometer. Station to evaluate the system's capabilities for establishing Because of its remote location, the South Pole Station provides geodetic mapping control in Antarctica and to investigate its essential azimuth control for many epicenter solutions that potential for use in determining ice movement on the continent occur in the southern latitudes and is a vital link in the World- and crustal movement between Antarctica and Australia, New wide Standardized Seismological Network. Zealand, Africa, and other global stations. Station CAMP AREA The USGS also maintains the U.S. Scientific Committee on at McMurdo Station was used as a primary site to collect data Antarctic Research Library for Geodetic and Geographic In - continuously from 13 January to 23 January 1990. During this formation. The library's collection contains U.S. holdings of same period, global positioning system stations were occupied cartographic materials including aerial photographs, satellite in New Zealand and at two locations in Australia. The coop- images, geodetic control, and antarctic maps prepared by the erative effort was coordinated by the Australian Surveying and U.S. Geological Survey and other countries. The aerial pho- Information Group (AUSLIG). A similar test is planned for the tography film negatives are stored at the U.S. Geological Sur- 1990-1991 season in preparation for a major campaign during vey's EROS Data Center at Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The the 1991-1992 season involving many nations. library's collection is available for use by scientists, cartogra- The USGS continued work on a series of 1:50,000-scale top- phers, antarctic researchers, and others in the scientific com- ographic maps in the McMurdo Dry Valleys area. The maps munity and is open during normal working hours. Library are being compiled in cooperation with the New Zealand De- information and assistance are available by calling (703) 648- partment of Surveys and Land Information (NZDOSLI). Joint 6010 or visiting the U.S. Geological Survey at 12201 Sunrise U.S./New Zealand geodetic field teams obtain the geodetic Valley Drive, Reston, Virginia 22092. control, and the USGS acquires the aerial photography and These programs were funded by National Science Founda- completes the aerotriangulation. The NZDOSLI then compiles tion grant DPP 85-12516. the maps and the USGS prints and distributes the maps. Five b4`4 Xnvny `upp}rt P}rpr2 Kqzv{vstrntv}{4!Daily functions of the administration de- partment can range from the publishing of official instructions K{tnrptvpnD WpWurq} `tntv}{ (see figure 1) and directives to the movement of large amounts }prrntv}{s2 7CBC37CC6 of equipment and personnel. An attorney was added to the NSFA Legal Office during the 1989-1990 season to provide guidance in areas of foreign crim- MARGARET REED, LCDR, USN, inal jurisdiction and environmental law. MICHAEL MORGAN ACC, SCOTT BERRY RM2, M}zzu{vpntv}{s4!Consisting of three divisions (radio, elec- n{q!KEITH FORMAN, LIEUTENANT tronic communications, and data processing), the communi- cations department serves McMurdo Station's technical needs b4`4!Xnvny!`upp}rt!P}rpr2!K{tnrptvpn by handling incoming and outgoing messages, as well as sat- Z}rt!Rur{rzr2!Mnyvs}r{vn!C96:9 ellite and radio systems communications, and as available, personal communications, a feature which contributes much to morale at the station. Operating the United States Antarctic Program each season The satellite communications system provides McMurdo is a complex task, demanding a constant supply of material Station with voice communications between McMurdo Station and human resources. The parent U.S. military contingent, and the rest of the world via a Land Earth Satellite. MARS is U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica (NSFA), is organized into a system of radio communications which relies on volunteer nine departments (administration, communications, opera- military and civilian ham radio operators and is designed as a tions, supply, public works, medical, terminal operations, mo- back-up military communications system. As a way of keeping rale/welfare/recreation, and safety/training) to ensure that the operator skills sharp in peacetime, this network provides "tele- objectives of the program are met. This article outlines the phone" service for military and civilian participants of the U.S. responsibilities of each NSFA department and highlights some Antarctic Program. Phone calls originating in Antarctica are of the events from the 1989-1990 field season. "patched" into the shortwave radio transmitter, broadcast to 292 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL L ' r IL I BE;8 d {ow Pvturr 74 WpWurq} `tntv}{-s tryrvvsv}{ stuqv} srrvrs ns n{ }ssvpvny zvyvtnry v{s}rzntv}{ }utyrt n{q n z}rnyr3r{un{pv{t vruvpyr s}r tur rrsvqr{ts }s tur stntv}{4 .Yssvpvny b4`4 Xnvy pu}t}trnpu oy ZR9 Mrnvt Zrtrrs}{4/ 7?7 a receiving MARS operator in the United States and then patched cargo, 92,001 pounds of mail, 36,344 gallons of jet petroleum back into the phone system as a collect call. The number of fuel, and 208,559 gallons of diesel fuel arctic. A total of 5,444,364 completed phone patches during the 1989-1990 austral sum- pounds was moved. mer season was 797. Supply. The supply department provides logistics support Another MARS service is the "MARS Gram"—short letters for the following areas: repair part/consumable item receipt transmitted by ham radio from the MARS operator at one end and issue, food service, ship's store retail outlet, bulk aviation to the other. The recipient operator then mails the letter through and ground fuel issue and storage, and military barracks man- the regular postal service. This system cuts days off the regular agement. During this season, the supply department issued antarctic mail service and provides personnel with another way 4,802 line items of stock, served 150,234 meals, sold $414,369.71 to communicate back home. During the 1989-1990 austral sum- of ship's store retail stock, issued approximately 4.5 million mer, 467 MARS Grams were sent, and 523 were received. gallons of fuel, and provided berthing to 669 NSFA and VXE- More than 79,000 messages were broadcast over three radio 6 military personnel. circuits (US-14, US-18, and USed19) that are used to pass Public works. NSFA's public works department resupplied teletype, facsimile, weather, and administrative messages to the Marble Point camp with food, equipment, and fuel at the and from McMurdo Station, Christchurch, ships, and outlying beginning of the season via motorized traverses across the Ross stations. Ice Shelf. Located approximately 60 miles from McMurdo Sta- Operations. One of the most essential links in the NSFA in- tion, Marble Point is manned by three Navy personnel: an terdepartmental system is the operations department and its aerographer, a construction mechanic, and a utilitiesman. They air traffic control division. The air traffic control division main- live and work at this isolated site and in addition to their tains McMurdo Center and provides personnel for Williams regular tasks of weather-observation, maintenance, and Field, the sea-ice runway, and the South Pole. McMurdo Cen- plumbing, they share responsibilities for cooking, cleaning, ter, assisted by other antarctic stations, is responsible for pro- and laundry. viding en route flight-following for air-traffic control, separation Public works was responsible for building the 10,000-foot of aircraft, and search-and-rescue. These services are provided runway near McMurdo during September 1989. This runway by high-frequency voice radio for aircraft operating south of was used in October to land a C-513 Galaxy airplane. 60°S. For flights between antarctic stations and New Zealand, Medical. NSFA provided medical care for personnel at De- McMurdo Center coordinates with Auckland Radio. The point tachment Christchurch, McMurdo Station, Williams Field, and for transfer of control and responsibility between McMurdo field camps. (See figure 2.) The clinic at McMurdo Station Center and Auckland Radio is 60°S. provides everything from daily medical. and dental sick call to During Operation DEEP FREEZE 1990, McMurdo Center emergency care. It also houses a four-bed medical ward and handled 3,187 LC-130 flight hours and 1,558 UH-1N helicopter X-ray services. flight hours. The LC-130s carried a total of 2,985 passengers From a total of 3,248 sick calls processed by the clinic from to and around Antarctica and delivered 2,951,676 pounds of McMurdo and field camps during the 1989-1990 season, there 1990 REVIEW 293 The average allowable cargo load for each C-5 flight was 167,891 pounds.
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