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Christian Koller Christian Koller Sport und Institutionen 19. Januar 2017 Handbuch der Sportgeschichte Osteuropas Beitrag: Koller, Sport und Institutionen Herausgeber: "nke Hilbrenner $ Ekaterina %&eliatse'a / Christian Koller $ Man)red *eller $ Ste)an *+ic#er, Wissenscha)tliches Net.+er# /!ntegration und 0esintegration: Zur So.ial- und Kulturgeschichte des Osteurop2ischen Sports i& internationalen Vergleich4, ge)5rdert 'on der D67 bei der Abteilung Osteurop2ische Geschichte Uni'ersit2t Bonn, Lenn:str. 1, 53113 Bonn http://www.igw.uni-bonn.de/-1/osteuropaeische-geschichte/forschung/netzwerk- sportgeschichte-osteuropas http://www.igw.uni-bonn.de/-1/osteuropaeische-geschichte i& =ah&en 'on Ost0o# www.ostdok.de; www.ostdok.eu 8=L: http:/$+++.ios1 regensburg.de$)ilead&in$doc$Sportgeschichte$Koller_Sport_und>!nstitutionen.pd) %&p)ohlene *itier+eise Christian Koller Sport und !nstitutionen in: Handbuch der Sportgeschichte Osteuropas. http:/$+++.ios1regensburg.de$)ilead&in$doc$Sportgeschichte$Koller>Sport>und>!nsti1 tutionen.pd) ?0atu& der %insichtnah&e@ A 2017 Wissenscha)tliches Net.+er# „!ntegration und Desintegration: *ur Sozial1 und Kulturgeschichte des Osteurop2ischen Sports i& internationalen Vergleich4 0ie Online13ersion steht unter )olgender Lizenz: -ut.ungsbedingungen: Die Beitr2ge des Handbu1 ches der Sportgeschichte Osteuropas stehen unter der Creati'e Co&&ons Lizenz CC BB1-C--0 4.0. Sport und Institutionen Christian Koller Zusammenfassung Der Artikel diskutiert sowohl die Entwicklung sportlicher Institutionen auf lokaler, nationaler und internationaler Ebene als auch die Beeinflussung des osteurop i! schen Sports durch außersportliche Institutionen #wie Beh$rden, Armeen, politische Organisationen, &nternehmen, Kirchen, 'ewerkschaften etc() Ein besonderes Au! genmerk wird auch auf wechselseitige institutionelle Beeinflussungen *wischen +%st, und +-est, gelegt) Die einschl gigen Entwicklungen werden in .ier chronolo! gischen Abschnitten #bis *um Ersten -eltkrieg, Erster bis Zweiter -eltkrieg, Kalter Krieg, nach /001( 2berblicksartig ski**iert und in *wei 3allstudien #tschechischer Sokol und Dinamo 4oskau( .ertieft) Es *eigt sich, dass die 5hematik im Schnitt! punkt einer 6iel*ahl .on sportlichen, politischen, wirtschaftlichen, so*ialen sowie kulturellen Strukturen und 7ro*essen steht und bislang nicht ausgesch$pfte 3or! schungspotentiale in .erschiedene 8ichtungen aufweist) Summar9 5his article discusses both the de.elopment of sport institutions on local, national, and international le.els and the impact of e:tra!sporti.e institutions #such as go.! ernmental authorities, armies, political organisations, corporations, churches, trade unions, etc)( on the de.elopment of East European sports. Special attention is paid to reciprocal institutional impact between ,East; and ,-est;) De.elopments are summaril9 discussed in four chronological sections #till -orld -ar I, from -orld -ar I to -orld -ar II, Cold -ar, post!/001(, which are followed by two case studies #C*ech Sokol and Dinamo 4oscow() It becomes ob.ious that the topic is inter! twined with a .ariet9 of sporti.e, political, economic, social and cultural structures and processes and could potentiall9 contribute to a range of research perspecti.es. Autor Christian Koller, 7rof) Dr) phil), Senior <ecturer in 4odern =istor9 an der Bangor &ni.ersit9 und 5itularprofessor f2r 'eschichte der >eu*eit an der &ni.ersit t Z2! rich) Bangor &ni.ersit9, School of =istor9, -elsh =istor9 and Archaeolog9, College 8oad, Bangor #'wynedd(, <<?@ AD', &K #c)kollerBbangor)ac)uk() =andbuch der Sportgeschichte OsteuropasC Sport und Institutionen D / Einleitung Der 5hemenbereich +Sport und Institutionen, ist ußerst vielgestaltig und komplex. Zum einen umfasst er die Entstehung, Entwicklung und gegenseitige Beeinflussung .on sportlichen Institutionen im engeren Sinne, also 6ereinen und 6erb nden sowie <iga-S9stemen und anderen institutionalisierten -ettkämpfen auf regionaler, natio! naler und internationaler Ebene) Zum anderen geht es auch um die Interaktionen mit sportexternen Institutionen) >ebst staatlichen Beh$rden * hlen dazu etwa politische, religiöse und gewerkschaftliche %rganisationen, -irtschaftsunternehmen und Streit! kr fte) Der 5hemenbereich steht damit im Schnittpunkt einer 6iel*ahl .on sportli! chen, politischen, wirtschaftlichen, so*ialen und kulturellen Strukturen und 7ro*es! sen) Im 3olgenden wird die institutionelle Entwicklung des osteurop ischen Sports .on der 4itte des /0) Eahrhunderts bis *ur 'egenwart entlang der folgenden <eitfra! gen anal9siertC – -oher kamen die wesentlichen Impulse der institutionellen Entwicklung: .on „un! ten,, .on +oben, oder .on +außen,F – -elche 8olle spielten sportexterne InstitutionenF – -as ist spe*ifisch an den osteurop ischen Entwicklungen und welche gegenseitigen Beeinflussungen *wischen +%st, und +-est, lassen sich feststellenF >ach einer Skiz*e des 3orschungsstandes und m$glicher 3orschungsperspekti.en werden die einschlägigen Entwicklungen *unächst summarisch in vier chronologi! schen Abschnitten nachge*eichnet) Anschließend .ertiefen 3allstudien *u *wei *entralen und ihrerseits die institutionelle Entwicklung in mehreren < ndern be! einflussenden Institutionen #tschechischer Sokol und Dinamo 4oskau) die 5hema! tik. 3orschungsstand und Forschungsperspekti.en Eine l nderübergreifende Übersichtsdarstellung *u Sport und Institutionen in %steu! ropa existiert aufgrund der Komplexit t der 5hematik nicht) Auch -issenschaftlich! keit beanspruchende 'esamtdarstellungen der 'eschichte ein*elner Sport.ereine und !.erb nde sowie des institutionellen 'eflechts ein*elner < nder sind eher sp rlich ge! s t) In Be*ug auf die Klubs ragt 8obert Edelmans 'eschichte .on Spartak 4oskau he! raus)/ Kür*ere Studien existieren auch für 6ereine anderer < nder,A wobei der Schwer! punkt h ufig auf 3ußball und der kommunistischen Hra liegt)I 8elati. schwach be! forscht sind die .on Emigranten aus %steuropa in der 3remde geschaffenen Sportin! / EDE<4A> Spartak 4oscow) 6gl) auch EDE<4A> A Small -a9 of Saying +>o,) =andbuch der Sportgeschichte OsteuropasC Sport und Institutionen D A Christian Koller, Sport und Institutionen stitutionen #namentlich national definierte Emigranten.ereine),J obwohl etwa die +&krainian Sports Association 7hiladelphia 5ridents, in den K1er Eahren eine bedeu! tende 8olle im US!amerikanischen Soccer spielte) Dasselbe gilt für die so*iale, kultu! relle und politische Kontexte widerspiegelnde %nomastik .on Sportklubs)? Eine 'e! samtdarstellung der institutionellen Entwicklung eines gan*en <andes liegt nur für die SowLetunion in 'estalt der allerdings bereits über drei Eahr*ehnte alten Studie .on Eames 8iordan .or)K 3ür andere < nder und 8egionen existieren immerhin kür*ere Übersichtsdarstellungen, auch *ur institutionellen Entwicklung ein*elner Dis*ipli! nen)@ Die wichtigsten internationalen Sportorganisationen wie das Internationale %l9mpische Komitee und der -eltfußball.erband 3I3A sind *war 'egenstand .on umfassenden Darstellungen geworden, die 8olle %steuropas wird darin aber nicht schwerpunktm "ig behandelt)M =ingegen ist eine 'esamtdarstellung *ur 'eschichte der Sokol!Bewegung immer noch ein DesideratN die .orliegenden Studien befassen sich mit ein*elnen < ndern und Zeitabschnitten oder spe*iellen Aspekten)0 Hhnlich sieht es für die osteurop ischen Ableger der 4accabi-Bewegung aus)/1 Die institutionelle Entwicklung der Zeit bis *um Ersten -eltkrieg ist für die bei! den russischen 4etropolen 'egenstand einiger Studien geworden)// Darstellungen *u A Z) B) CIN'IE>E De.elopment of Sport Clubs in <ithuania) I 6gl) *) B) BA<5A Im Zeichen des =ufeisens; 7%4IA> +<oba, macht den 4eisterN 4IHAO<%6 CSKA SofiaN 'IR'I>%6 Strategic 8elations and Sport 7olic9 4akingN BA<5A +Am Anfang war Chine*ul 5imişoara))),N K%<&= 3) K) 6eleQ 4ostarN '=A>BA8IA>!BA<E6A +Die Blauen,) J 6gl) '<E55<E8 Sokol und Arbeiterturn.ereineN B<ECKIN' 'eschichte der nationalpolnischen 5urnorganisation +Sokól,N B<ECKIN' 6om +7olenklub, *u 52rki9em SporN K%<<E8 3ußball und Immigration. ? 6gl) <GBKE 6ereine und ihre >amen) K 8IO8DA> Sport in So.iet Societ9) @ 6gl) *) B) '=A>BA8IA>!BA<E6A Ein +englischer Sport, aus der Schwei*N BZO-SKI 6on der 3remdherrschaft *um europ ischen -ettbewerbN 3A8K=S=A5%6 Der gr2ne 8asen in der 3e! dergrassteppeN AuchC 4ehr als ein -emble9!5or) M 6gl) *) B) '&554A>> 5he Ol9mpicsN 'A3>E8 /M0JS/00JN 5%4<INS%> >ational Identit9 and 'lobal E.entsN EISE>BE8' 3I3A /01JSA11JN EISE>BE8' Der -eltfußball.erband 3I3A im A1) Eahrhundert) 0 6gl) B<ECKIN' Die slawische SokolbewegungN B<ECKIN' 'eschichte der nationalpolnischen 5urnorganisation +Sokól,N >%<TE Sokol in the C*ech lands; >%6%5>T Sokol . Qi.otU nVro! daN S>%7K% 7olskie 5owar*ystwo 'imnast9c*ne +SokóW,N &=<X8 Sokol proti totalitUN Y&TIĆ SokoliN '<E55<E8 Sokol und Arbeiterturn.ereineN B<[=A 5urnende 3rau) /1 6gl) B8E>>E8 Eman*ipation durch 4uskelkraftN K&'E<4ASS Eews, Sports and the 8ites of Citi*enshipN =I<B8E>>E8 5urnen, Sport und 3ußballN B<ECKIN' E2discher Sport in 7olen; OEOKE<IS %dessa 4accabiN =%34EIS5E8 Autoemanzipation durch 4uskelkraftN >IE-E85= Zwischen %l9mpia und nationalL2dischem Sportfest) // C=4E<\>ICKAEA Sporti.n9e ob]^est.aN E4E<IA>5SE6A Sport und urbane <ebenswelten im sp t*arischen St) 7etersburgN E4E<IA>5SE6A +Ein 3ußballmatch ist kein S9mphoniekon! *ert_,N DA=<4A>> 6om 7ausenf2ller *um 4assensportN 7E77A8D Beginnings of 8ussian =andbuch der Sportgeschichte OsteuropasC Sport und Institutionen D I Christian Koller, Sport und Institutionen anderen 8egionen sind dagegen bislang eher sp rlich)/A 3ür die internationale
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