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This Month in Science:September THIS MONTH IN SCIENCE:SEPTEMBER 1 September 1978, the production off part of the Shuttle 1865, fi rst antiseptic surgery performed by human-type insulin by a strain Approach and Landing Dr. Joseph Lister, a British surgeon. of E. coli bacteria announced, Tests, at NASA’s Dryden 1887, patent issued for invention of the it was genetically engineered Flight Research Facility, lateral-cut, fl at-disk gramophone to Emile after months of creative use off California. Berliner. gene-splicing techniques. 1997, discovery of a new sub-atomic 14 September particle “exotic meson” announced. 7 September 1959, Luna 2 the fi rst space probe to 1888, baby incubator strike the moon crashed east of the Sea of 2 September was fi rst used in the U.S. Serenity. 2007, geosynchronous satellite launch to care for an infant at vehicle (GSLV-FCO4) launched by India. State Emigrant Hospital 15 September INSAT-4CR successfully placed in orbit on Ward’s Island, New 1917, the term “bacteriophage” from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. York. (“eater of bacteria”) coined byy Dr. Félix d’Hérelle in the French 3 September 8 September Academy of Sciences. 1905, Carl David Anderson, American 1918, Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton, 1929, Murray Gell-Mann, American physicist who shared (with Victor an English chemist, who shared (with theoretical physicist who predicted Francis Hess of Austria) the Nobel Prize Norwegian Odd Hassel) the 1969 Nobel the existence of quarks, was born. He for Physics in 1936 “for his discovery of Prize for Chemistry “for the study of was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize for the positron, or positive electron, the the 3-D geometric structure of complex Physics “for his contributions to particle fi rst known particle of antimatter”, was molecules”, was born. physics”. born. 1998, rings around planet Jupiter declared 1976, the unmanned spacecraft “Viking 9 September to be made of dust from the impacts of II” landed on Mars and took the fi rst 1945, the fi rst “bug” in cosmic bodies that crashed into Jupiter’s pictures of the surface of Mars. a computer program moons. discovered by Grace 4 September Hopper. 16 September 1888, fi rst roll-fi lm 1662, the fi rst recorded camera Kodak patented 10 September astronomical observation off by George Eastman. the fi rst Astronomer Royal was 1984, DNA fi ngerprinting 1906, ppatent issued to Robert John Flamsteed’s observation discovered in Leicester, EEugene Turner of Norfolk, of a solar eclipse from his England, by Alec Jeffreys as VVirginia, for his invention of a home in Derby at the age off X-ray fi lms of his tests fi rst “Type Writing Machine sixteen. (typewriter)” (U.S. No. revealed the possibility. 830,115). 11 September 17 September 2006, vaccine for a type of meningitis 1683, Dutch scientist 1935, Gherman Titov, the fi rst man to offered for the fi rst time in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek spend a day in space, was born. He went Great Britain for all babies reported to Royal Society his in Vostok-2 spacecraft on 6 August 1961 at two, four and 13 months discovery of microscopic as part of the national and remained in space for 25 hours and living animalcules 18 minutes. childhood immunisation (living bacteria). programme. 1953, at the Ochsner Foundation Hospital 12 September 5 September in New Orleans, Louisiana, Carolyn Anne 1959, Luna 2, an unmanned Soviet lunar and Catherine Anne Mouton were 1977, NASA launched Voyager 1 from probe was the fi rst spacecraft to strike the the fi rst Siamese twins to be successfully Cape Canaveral, Florida. Moon. separated by surgery. 1992, the crew of the Shuttle 6 September Endeavour included the 1891, fi rst operation to suture the 18 September fi rst African-American pericardium (the fl uid sac surrounding 1907, Edwin Mattison McMillan, woman in space, Mae the heart muscle) took place at the City an American nuclear physicist C. Jemison, as a Science Hospital in St. Louis. Henry C. Dalton, who shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry Mission Specialist aboard professor of abdominal and clinical in 1951 (with Glenn T. Seaborg) “for his Endeavour. surgery at the Marion Sims College discovery of element 93 (Neptunium)”, of Medicine repaired a 2” tear of the was born. pericardium of James Cornish, a 22-yr-old 13 September black man, caused by a stab wound in a 1898, Reverend Hannibal Williston 19 September fi ght. Goodwin issued a patent for 1838, Ephraim Morris 1892, Sir Edward Victor Appleton, his invention of “nitro cellulose transparent patented the railroad English physicist who was awarded the fl exible photographic fi lm pellicles.” brake. 1947 Nobel Prize for Physics “for his (U.S. No. 610,861). 1848, Hyperion, the moon of Saturn discovery of the Appleton layer of the 1977, the Shuttle Enterprise successfully discovered by Bond of the US and Lassell ionosphere”, was born. made its second of fi ve free fl ights as of England. SCIENCE REPORTER, SEPTEMBER 2015 54 THIS MONTH IN SCIENCE 1957, underground nuclear explosion 1909, Thomas M. Flaherty fi led was born. detonated by USA in Las Vegas, for a U.S. patent, with 2003, SMART-I, the fi rst European Navada. an idea for a “Signal mission in the moon was launched, for Crossings”. aboard an Ariane-5 rocket from the 20 September 1960, fi rst nuclear-powered aircraft European Space Agency’s launched in 1892, wire glass patented by Frank carrier, USS Enterprise, was launched in Kourou, French Guiana. SMART stands Schulman. Wire glass, as the name Newport, Virginia. for Small Missions for Advanced Research suggests, is simply a wire mesh inserted 2006, NASA recorded the largest in Technology. during the plate glass manufacturing ozone hole in the atmosphere to process to create a single monolithic glass date, as measured by the Ozone 28 September with properties useful where fi re safety Monitoring Instrument on 1858, Donati’s comet requirements apply. NASA’s Aura satellite. (discovered by Giovanni 1904, fi rst circular fl ight in an airplane Donati) became the fi rst to made by Orville Wright at Huffman 25 September be photographed. Prairie, near Dayton, Ohio. 1820, Francois Arago announced that a 1860, Paul-Urich Villard, a 2004, EDUSAT by ISRO, copper wire between the poles of a voltaic French physicist and chemist India’s fi rst exclusive satellite cell, could laterally attract iron fi lings to who in 1900 identifi ed a third for educational facilities, itself. kind of natural radiation, later launched from Satish Dhawan 1866, Thomas Hunt Morgan, American called gamma rays, was born. Space Centre, Sriharikota, into geneticist and zoologist famous for his a Geosynchrounous Transfer experimental research with the fruit fl y 29 September Orbit. by which he established the chromosome 1891, Thomas A. Edison was issued U.S. theory of heredity, was born. patent No. 460122 for a “Process of and 21 September 1956, the world’s fi rst Apparatus for Generating Electricity” 1875, Thaddeus S.C. Lowe, inventor and transatlantic telephone and No. 460123 for a “Phonogram-Blank scientist, patented a process for water gas cable system began Carrier.” production of “illuminating or heating operating (Clarenville, 1920, Peter Dennis Mitchell, British gas.” Newfoundland to Oban, chemist who won the 1978 Nobel Prize 2003, the U.S. NASA Galileo space probe Scotland). for Chemistry, “for helping to clarify ended its eight-year mission to Jupiter as 1974, scientists fi rst reported that Freon how ADP (adenosine diphosphate) planned. gases released from aerosol spray cans is converted into the energy-carrying were destroying the ozone layer. compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate) 22 September in the mitochondria of living cells”, was 1922, Chen Ning Yang, Chinese-American 26 September born. theoretical physicist who shared the 1957 1849, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Russian 1962, Alouette-I, the fi rst Canadian Nobel Prize for Physics (with Tsung-Dao physiologist awarded the Nobel Prize in satellite was launched to study the Lee) “for a ground-breaking theory”, was Medicine or Physiology in 1904 for “in ionosphere. born. recognition of his work on the physiology 1988, space shuttle Discovery 1959, Saul Perlmutter, an American of digestion, through which knowledge blasted off from Cape astrophysicist who shared (with Brian on vital aspects of the subject has been Canaveral, Fla., marking P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess) the 2011 transformed and enlarged”, was born. America’s return to manned Nobel Prize in Physics “for the discovery 1886, Archibald Vivian Hill, British space fl ight following the of the accelerating expansion of the physiologist and biophysicist who Challenger disaster. Universe through observations of distant received (with Otto Meyerhof) the 1997, PSLV-CI, India’s fi rst operational supernovae”, was born. 1922 Nobel Prize for Physiology polar satellite launch vehicle launched or Medicine “for discoveries concerning from Sriharikota Range. 23 September the production of heat in muscles”, was born. 1930, Johann Ostermeyer of Athegnenber, 30 September Germany, patented his “Improvements 1881, the Godalming town council in in fl ash lights used for photographic 27 September Surrey, England, voted to have the world’s purposes.” (UK No. 324,578). 1825, George fi rst public electricity supply. 1953, the Water Displacement 40th test Stephenson’s Stockton 1902, the “making of cellulose esters” (WD-40) was invented and recorded to Darlington railway, (Rayon) was patented by William H. for the fi rst time in the Rocket Chemical the fi rst railway in the Walker, Arthur D. Little and Harry S. Mork Company’s logbook by Norm Larsen, for world designed for of Massachusetts (U.S. No. 709922). a lubricating penetrating oil intended to steam locomotion was 1929, an early manned rocket-powered displace water for rust prevention. opened.
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