Non-aboriginal cultural heritage 18

18.1 iNtroduction During the 1880s, the South Australian Government assisted the pastoral industry by drilling chains of artesian water wells Non-Aboriginal contact with the region of the EIS Study Area along stock routes. These included wells at Clayton (on the began in 1802, when sailed up , Birdsville Track) and Montecollina (on the Strzelecki Track). naming and other areas along the shore. Inland The government also established a camel breeding station at exploration began in the early 1800s, with the primary near Lake Eyre in 1900, which provided camels for objective of finding good sheep-grazing land for wool police and survey expeditions until 1929. production. The region’s non-Aboriginal history for the next 100 years was driven by the struggle between the economic Pernatty Station was established in 1868 and was stocked with urge to produce wool and the limitations imposed by the arid sheep in 1871. Other stations followed, including Andamooka environment. This resulted in boom/crash cycles associated in 1872 and and Chances Swamp (which later became with periods of good rains or drought. Roxby Downs) in 1877 (see Chapter 9, Land Use, Figures 9.3 18 and 9.4 for location of pastoral stations). A government water Early exploration of the Far North by Edward John Eyre and reserve for travelling stock was also established further south Charles Sturt in the 1840s coincided with a drought cycle, in 1882 at a series of waterholes called Phillips Ponds, near and led to discouraging reports of the region, typified by what would later be the site of Woomera. the naming of Mount Hopeless. The expansion of pastoral settlements north of the occurred in the 1850s The connection of the rail line to , and the over several good seasons, and was encouraged by government significant reductions in travel times brought about by surveys, high wool prices, and the establishment of Port the railway, resulted in increased shipping in the gulf. Augusta in 1854. was established in 1858 The projecting headland at Point Lowly became a significant and became the most northern in . hazard to ships, and a lighthouse was built in 1883. Over time, the pastoral leases of the 1850s became too small to be viable and either failed or were amalgamated into larger Historically, mining was not an important economic activity holdings. In 1890, Blanchewater and other nearby runs were in the region, with only minor deposits discovered in the late joined together to form . Further north, German 1800s and early 1900s. These included the Clara Saint Dora missionaries moved into the region and copper mine, near Finniss Springs, which operated intermittently established a number of Aboriginal missions in the late from 1888 to 1915. It was not until the discovery of Olympic Dam 1860s, including an outpost at Lake Boocaltaninna. in 1975 and thereafter that mineral exploration and mining became important in the region. The name ‘Olympic Dam’ Infrastructure projects assisted the spread of European was taken from a small stock dam, built during the Melbourne settlement in the north. This included the construction of the Olympics in 1956 near the ore discovery hole, within the Overland Telegraph from Port Augusta to Darwin and the Great current mining lease (see Plate 18.1). Northern Railway from Port August to Quorn and Marree in the late 1800s. Water tanks, coal bins and workers’ cottages were built at regular intervals along the railway, bringing a form of permanent non-Aboriginal settlement to the region.

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 565 −− Register of the National Estate (RNE) – formerly created under the Australian Heritage Commission Act 1975 but now also maintained under the EPBC Act and searched via the Protected Matters Search Tool −− National Heritage Places – created under the EPBC Act and searched via the Protected Matters Search Tool −− Register of Historic Shipwrecks – administered under the South Australian Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981 and searched via the National Shipwrecks database • a search of the following South Australian and Northern Territory databases: Plate 18.1 Olympic Dam – the small stock dam located in the existing mining lease −− South Australian Heritage Register (SAHR) – created under the Heritage Places Act 1993

Defence facilities were established around Woomera following −− State Heritage Areas created under the Heritage Places World War Two, when the flat and mostly uninhabited lands Act 1993 were chosen as a suitable site for testing long-range missiles. −− Northern Territory Heritage Register – created under The township of Woomera was established in 1947 and the Heritage Conservation Act supported a population of 6,000 people at its peak in the 1960s. • a search of the following local heritage databases: −− Local Heritage Places – these places are listed in a Today, the evidence of past non-Aboriginal settlement, such as Schedule of Local Heritage Places within a local council’s old fences, stockyards, ruined huts and windmills, is scattered development plan throughout the South Australian Outback. Most of these features are commonplace, and few are of heritage significance. −− Historic Conservation Zones – these zones are incorporated into local councils’ development plans This chapter describes the known sites and places of • a review of heritage assessments undertaken as part of the non-Aboriginal cultural significance, measures to protect two previous Olympic Dam Environmental Impact Statements those sites and a process for managing new or potential sites (Kinhill-Stearns Roger 1982; Kinhill 1997) and the National identified during the project definition or construction phases. Radioactive Waste Repository Draft EIS (PPK 2002). Prior to the Draft EIS, the two previous EIS studies for Olympic Dam were the only reports on non-Aboriginal heritage that were 18.2 assessment methods held by BHP Billiton. Reports cited in this chapter have now 18.2.1 approach been added. A desktop assessment of non-Aboriginal heritage in the • a review of the heritage surveys conducted in areas southern infrastructure corridor was conducted in September overlapping or adjacent to the EIS Study Area, including Port 2006 by heritage consultant specialists Woodhead International Augusta, , Andamooka, the Oodnadatta, Birdsville Pty Ltd in association with Historical Research Pty Ltd. The gas and Strzelecki Tracks, Cultana and Woomera (Pearce 1980; pipeline corridor options were further assessed by Historical Brasse and Sanders 1984; Donovan and Associates 1984; Research Pty Ltd in 2008. Field observations were made by Austral Archaeology and Donovan and Associates 1995; other EIS project scientists to confirm the findings of the Austral Archaeology and Historical Research 2001; Historical desktop assessments during numerous field surveys conducted Research and Austral Archaeology 2002; and Bell 2006) as part of the Draft EIS. Community and stakeholder • a review of aerial photographs and topographic maps to consultations undertaken for the Draft EIS also provided an identify buildings or sites within the EIS Study Area that opportunity for people to identify issues about non-Aboriginal may have required a field visit heritage and sites of local significance to the community. • observations from field surveys, including helicopter The following steps were taken to conduct the assessment of reconnaissance, conducted by scientists from other EIS non-Aboriginal heritage: disciplines to provide anecdotal evidence of non-Aboriginal heritage sites within the EIS Study Area to Historical • discussions with pastoralists and government Research Pty Ltd for review and interpretation. representatives to establish known sites of non-Aboriginal heritage value within the EIS Study Area A summary of previous non-Aboriginal cultural heritage surveys • a search of the following national databases: and assessments, and literature reviewed as part of this −− Commonwealth Heritage Places – maintained under assessment, is provided in Appendix P2. the EPBC Act and searched via the Australian Heritage Database

566 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 18.2.2 impact and risk assessment • two sites in Andamooka – the Andamooka Heritage Area The assessment of impacts and risks for the proposed (listed on the RNE and SAHR) and Dick Clark’s residence expansion has been undertaken as two separate, but related, (listed on the RNE) processes (see Section 1.6.2 of Chapter 1, Introduction, and • thirteen sites in Port Augusta – the RNE lists the drinking Figure 1.11). fountain, Institute on Commercial Road, Port Augusta Courthouse, the rotunda on Marryatt Street, St Augustine’s Impacts and benefits are the consequence of a known event. Anglican Church and Hall, the Town Hall and Waterworks They are described in this chapter and categorised as high, Building and water tower as heritage places, all located moderate, low or negligible in accordance with the criteria in the urban area. The SAHR provides legal protection presented in Table 1.3 (Chapter 1, Introduction). for these sites, as well as for the first railway station in Commercial Road and second railway station in Stirling A risk assessment describes and categorises the likelihood Street, the former School of the Air in Flinders Terrace, and consequence of an unplanned event. These are presented the former Bank of South Australia in Tassie Street and the in Chapter 26, Hazard and Risk. railway wharf • three historic shipwreck sites off Point Lowly – the Register 18.3 existing environment of Historic Shipwrecks lists the protected sites of the Sarah (1876), Parara (1882) and Angler (1913) shipwrecks. The arid environment of central and northern South Australia attracted few early non-Aboriginal settlements and these were often short-lived. Evidence of these settlements, such as old The Quarantine Anti-Aircraft Battery Site, located at the Port of fences, stockyards, hut ruins and windmills, is scattered Darwin (East Arm), is listed on the Northern Territory Heritage throughout the South Australian Outback. Register. It was established in 1941 to defend the south west section of Darwin, and consists of reinforced gun placements The EIS Study Area contains no world heritage properties or (or revetted emplacements), a central bunker, and slabs where national heritage places, however, the EIS Study Area does the administration, mess and kitchen building stood. contain places on the RNE and other heritage registers. Those places within the EIS Study Area which are listed on various Consultations and field observations undertaken during the heritage registers are (see Figures 18.1 and 18.2 for locations Draft EIS identified the following sites in the EIS Study Area in the gas pipeline corridor options and southern infrastructure not listed on heritage registers but considered to be of local corridor respectively): significance (see Figures 18.1 and 18.2 for locations): • Blanchewater Homestead ruins – listed on the RNE and • Clara St Dora Mine ruins – earthworks including open pits, the SAHR. It includes the ruins of two major buildings, boilers and machinery from an early 20th century mining 18 smaller huts, stockyards and rubbish deposits. This was operation (see Plate 18.3) the first homestead in the region, established in 1858. • Alberrie Creek Siding – a railway dam and water tank Blanchewater was incorporated into Murnpeowie in 1890, (1884), railway house (1926) and modern sculpture including and Blanchewater became an outstation. The buildings Plane Henge (2000) (see Plates 18.4, 18.5 and 18.6) were abandoned in 1940 (see Plate 18.2) • Muloorina Homestead – a complex of modern buildings • the Point Lowly Lighthouse Complex – listed on the RNE and (see Plate 18.7) the SAHR. It includes the lighthouse, two keepers’ cottages, • trig marker – a stone cairn on open plain the power house, oil store, signal flag mast and reserve land (see Plate 18.8) (2.14 hectares). The lighthouse was constructed in 1883, • Lake Boocaltaninna Mission ruins – stone and timber ruins raised in height in 1909 and decommissioned in 1993. of two buildings (see Plate 18.9) Whyalla City Council now operates it as a tourist attraction

Plate 18.2 Blanchewater Homestead ruins Plate 18.3 Clara St Dora Mine ruins

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568 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 OLYMPIC DAM

DickAndamooka Clarke’s Heresidenceritage Area Andamooka and Dick Clarke’s residence Roxby Downs Purple Downs Homestead ruins

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State listed non-Aboriginal heritage place Upper Locally significant non-Aboriginal heritage place Spencer Gulf Gas pipeline alignment options Water pipeline alignment Rail alignment Transmission line alignments Access corridor Existing Olympic Dam Special Mining Lease Existing Roxby Downs Municipality 0 1020304050 EIS Study Area km

Figure 18.2 Non-Aboriginal heritage places - southern corridor

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 569 — Clayton Homestead – a complex of modern buildings (see Plate 18.10) — Hayes Hill trig marker – a stone cairn on a hilltop (see Plate 18.11) — Junction Well – windmill, large stone watering trough and an accommodation hut (see Plates 18.12 and 18.13) — Mount Hopeless Homestead – a stone house and outbuildings (see Plate 18.14) — Montecollina Homestead ruins – remains of a stockyard. Plate 18.4 Dam at Alberrie Creek Other building relics may be buried in drifting sand (see Plate 18.15) — Carraweena Homestead ruins – remains of two stone buildings (see Plate 18.16) — Phillips Ponds ruins – a building ruin and grave site (see Figure 18.2 for picture) — Purple Downs Homestead ruins – a cluster of buildings, a groundwater well, stone tank, trough and cemetery (see Figure 18.2 for picture).

A draft report to the Department of Defence identifies additional sites in the Woomera–Nurrungar areas (Environmental Resources Management 2005). This draft report, which includes a heritage significance listing for the Woomera site as a whole, has not been accepted yet by either the Plate 18.5 Alberrie Creek tank and house Department of Defence or the Australian Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. If the report is accepted, its findings and their relevance to the proposed Olympic Dam expansion would be reconsidered. The South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH) has indicated that Woomera is considered to be of significant heritage value, even though a formal study has not been undertaken.

No sites of non-Aboriginal heritage value have been identified in the vicinity of the proposed landing facility, access corridor or pre-assembly yard near Port Augusta. Although the Register of Historic Shipwrecks lists four other protected historic shipwreck sites between Point Lowly and Port Augusta – the Letty (1866), James and Margaret (1878), Apollo (1889) and Plate 18.6 Plane henge Alpha (1921) shipwrecks – these are outside the EIS Study Area.

The proposed facilities at Outer Harbor would be constructed on currently disturbed or reclaimed land that has no significant sites of non-Aboriginal heritage.

Plate 18.7 Muloorina Homestead Plate 18.8 Dulkaninna trig marker

570 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Plate 18.9 Lake Boocaltaninna Mission ruins Plate 18.13 Junction Well hut

Plate 18.10 Clayton Homestead Plate 18.14 Mount Hopeless Homestead 18

Plate 18.11 Hayes Hill trig marker Plate 18.15 Montecollina Homestead ruins

Plate 18.12 Junction Well trough Plate 18.16 Carraweena Homestead ruins

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 571 Port Augusta

Pump station Proposed desalination plant

Point Whyalla Lowly

Santos facilities

See inset

Point Lowly Lighthouse Complex

Inset

Point Lowly Lighthouse Complex Preferred intake pipe alignment Preferred outfall pipe alignment Water pipeline alignment to Olympic Dam Adjacent Olympic Dam - SA Government pipeline to existing network Transmission line alignment to existing network

0100 200 metres 00.2 0.40.6 0.81 km

Figure 18.3 Proximity of proposed works to the Point Lowly Lighthouse Complex

18.4 design modifications to protect Protecting non-Aboriginal cultural heritage sites and places environmental values is a project planning, design and management objective. 18.4.1 eNvironmental values 18.4.2 major elements of the project design Section 18.3 notes there are no national non-Aboriginal Planning has focused on aligning linear infrastructure to avoid heritage places or world heritage properties within the sites and places of non-Aboriginal cultural heritage significance. EIS Study Area. There are 20 sites within the EIS Study Area Disturbance footprints would also be minimised during design, that are listed on various heritage registers, and consultation construction and operations of infrastructure. and field observations for the Draft EIS identified 13 additional sites that are not listed on registers but are considered to have Section 18.5 describes the additional mitigation measures that local heritage value. One site at the Port of Darwin, near the would be implemented during construction and operations to proposed BHP Billiton facility at East Arm, is listed on the manage and protect non-Aboriginal heritage sites and places. Northern Territory Heritage Register.

572 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 18.5 impact assessment and management 18.5.2 other sites on heritage registers 18.5.1 point Lowly Lighthouse complex The search of heritage registers identified one site of non- Aboriginal heritage value in the gas pipeline corridor options, The Point Lowly Lighthouse Complex is located about 2.5 km and 15 sites in the southern infrastructure corridor – two sites from the proposed desalination plant (see Figure 18.3). The in Andamooka and 13 sites in Port Augusta (see Section 18.3 return water outfall pipe may be located within the Point Lowly for the Port Augusta sites). One site was also identified at the Lighthouse Complex but would avoid the heritage structures Port of Darwin (East Arm). (see Figure 18.3). The pipe would be buried completely, limiting potential impacts on the visual appeal of the lighthouse to the Blanchewater Homestead ruins are in an isolated location construction phase only. beside the road from Lyndhurst to Innamincka. This site is listed in the SAHR. It is an offence to excavate in the vicinity A combination of land-based and underwater blasting may be without a permit from the South Australian Heritage Council. required to excavate the trenches to bury the intake and outfall The homestead ruins and nearby archaeological remnants lie pipes for the proposed desalination plant. Should blasting be on the edge of the southern gas pipeline corridor options required, a maximum charge size of 10 kg would be used, and (alignment options 2 and 3 on Figure 18.1) and would be would involve sequential detonations to minimise potential avoided if the gas supply pipeline was constructed. Locating airblast, overpressure and vibration impacts. An assessment mobile work camps away from the site and implementing codes of the likely impact of blasting on the Point Lowly Lighthouse, of practice/behaviour would further reduce potential impacts. marine life and nearby residences has been undertaken (see Appendix O12.2, Blasting). The assessment found that predicted The Andamooka sites are the Andamooka Heritage Area airblast and vibration levels from blasting would comply with and Dick Clark’s residence. All sites are located in urban recommended building damage criteria for sensitive sites, areas that would not be disturbed by the proposed expansion. based on Australian and international standards. In the event As a consequence, the expansion has been assessed as having that the ultimate pipeline alignment requires blasting to be no residual impact on these sites. within 100 m of the Point Lowly Lighthouse, the charge size of blasts in the area would be adjusted to ensure compliance Three historic shipwreck sites were identified in the sea off with these criteria. A review of the Conservation Plan for the Point Lowly (see Section 18.3). The wreck of the Parara was Point Lowly Lighthouse found that the buildings are in good sold and salvaged in 1882, and no remnants remain in situ. condition, with no apparent structural defects. The conclusions No physical evidence of the two other shipwrecks has been of the assessment were that neither airblast or ground vibration located. The proposed construction works associated with levels from land-based nor underwater blasting would be the desalination plant intake and outfall pipelines have been expected to cause structural building damage. categorised as having a negligible residual impact on these sites. 18 Should the pipe be located in the heritage complex, the The Quarantine Anti-Aircraft Battery Site, at the Port of Darwin, predicted residual impact is categorised as low, because would not be disturbed or impacted by the construction or blasting would comply with recommended building damage operation of the proposed BHP Billiton facility at East Arm. criteria, such that there would be no direct impact on the The proposed construction and operation of the facility has heritage structures. been categorised as having a negligible residual impact on this site. Management measures to further reduce and monitor potential impacts on this site include: 18.5.3 other sites not on heritage registers • minimising the construction period and disturbance Thirteen places within the EIS Study Area that are not listed footprint of the outfall pipe within the heritage complex on national, state or local heritage registers were identified • providing prior notice of construction works to the South as being of local heritage significance. Four places have been Australian DEH and prospective tourists to the lighthouse identified as being of local significance in a heritage survey, • consultation with the South Australian DEH to establish but no action has yet been taken to include them in a schedule acceptable design and construction criteria for the pipeline under the Development Act 1993. The remainder have been and other requirements during the construction phase assessed as having local heritage value on the basis of the • undertaking pre– and post–blasting building conditions historical research and observations gained from field surveys surveys at the Point Lowly Lighthouse conducted for the Draft EIS. • monitoring blast patterns to ensure compliance with the appropriate airblast and vibration criteria Most of these sites are in the gas pipeline corridor options (see Figure 18.1). The proposed gas supply pipeline and • keeping accurate records describing the location of each associated ancillary infrastructure (e.g. construction camps blast and all blastholes, the design of the blast in terms of and main valve lines) would avoid the sites listed below. explosives and initiating system usage, and ground vibration Codes of practice/behaviour would also be developed for and airblast measurement data. construction workforce to help avoid indirect impacts.

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 573 The Clara St Dora Mine ruins and earthworks include open Junction Well was built as a watering place for stock in pits, boilers and machinery from an early 20th century mining about 1890. It includes a large stone watering trough and an operation. Although the site has been identified as being of accommodation hut. Although a heritage survey has confirmed local heritage value, it has not been included yet in a schedule that the site is of local heritage value (Historical Research et al. of the Development Act. The South Australian Government 2002), it has not been included yet in a schedule under the would be responsible for doing this under provisions of Development Act. the Development Act because the ruins fall within the unincorporated (out-of-council) area of South Australia. Mount Hopeless Homestead was built as an outstation of Murnpeowie in about 1890. The house is still occupied and has The Alberrie Creek Siding includes a railway dam and water been modernised. The site has not been identified in a heritage tank (1884), railway house (1926) and modern sculpture. survey as being of local heritage value. The two Beechcraft Baron aircraft standing upright beside the track are known as Plane Henge (see Plate 18.6), and were Montecollina Homestead ruins form part of the pastoral station erected by sculptor Robin Cooke in 2000 ‘to mark the passing established in 1873. A government artesian well was sunk at of the Earth Dream Journey’. The site has not been identified Montecollina Homestead in 1903 to provide water for travelling as being of local heritage value because it was located outside stock. The homestead became a horse change station on the mail the boundaries of previous outback heritage surveys. route to Innamincka. It was abandoned during a drought in 1935. The site has not been identified in a heritage survey as being of The Muloorina Homestead had a complex history as an local heritage value. early homestead from the 1880s. It became a government camel depot from 1900 to 1929, and was abandoned in Carraweena Homestead ruins form part of the pastoral station 1938. The site now comprises a complex of occupied modern established in the 1870s, which later became a horse change buildings. The site has not been identified as being of local station on the mail route to Innamincka. It was abandoned during heritage value, as it was located outside the boundaries of a drought in 1935. The site has not been identified in a heritage previous outback heritage surveys. survey as being of local heritage value.

Dulkaninna trig marker is a stone cairn built as a survey marker In the southern infrastructure corridor, the Phillips Ponds ruins by government surveyor Samuel Parry in 1858. Although a are a prominent local landmark with an interesting history, heritage survey has identified the site been as being of local forming a link with the earliest decades of pastoral settlement. heritage value (Historical Research et al. 2002), it has not been As such, they are of local heritage value. They are located next included yet in a schedule under the Development Act. to the main road north of Woomera. No disturbance works for the rail line, transmission line or water supply pipeline would Lake Boocaltaninna Mission was established as a Lutheran affect this site. mission in 1867 and remained occupied as an outstation until about 1916. There are fragmentary stone and timber ruins of A cluster of buildings, a groundwater well, stone tank, trough two buildings that probably date from 1867. Although a heritage and cemetery on the Purple Downs homestead are also considered survey has identified the site as being of local heritage value to be of minor local significance. The proposed electricity (Historical Research et al. 2002), it has not been included yet transmission line, water supply pipeline and rail line alignments, in a schedule under the Development Act. which are located approximately one kilometre away, would have no direct impact on these sites. A government artesian well was sunk on Clayton Homestead in 1908 to provide water for travelling stock. The homestead Active management is not considered necessary to conserve became a horse change station on the mail route to Birdsville. Phillip Ponds or the Purple Downs sites. The linear infrastructure The Clayton pastoral lease was taken up in 1956, and the in the vicinity of these sites has been aligned in such a way as homestead comprises a complex of occupied modern buildings. to avoid direct impact on them. Additional disturbance activities The site has not been identified in a heritage survey as being associated with ancillary works (e.g. siting of laydown areas and of local heritage value. borrow pits) would also avoid these sites.

Hayes Hill trig marker is a stone cairn built as a survey marker If changes made to linear infrastructure alignments resulted in by government surveyor Samuel Parry in 1858. The site has direct impacts on these sites, the requirements of the Heritage not been identified as being of local heritage value, because Places Act 1993 would be followed. This would include taking it was located outside the boundaries of previous outback a photographic record of the site and its context, which would heritage surveys. be provided to the South Australian DEH.

574 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 18.5.4 management process for new sites If new or potential non-Aboriginal heritage sites were identified in South Australia during the project definition or construction phases, the sites would be managed according to the Heritage Places Act 1993. A photographic record of the site and its context would be taken and provided to the South Australian DEH. If the remnants or relics of historic shipwrecks were located, the South Australian DEH would be contacted and remnants managed according to the Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981.

In the event that a site or relic was found during construction or operation of the proposed facility at East Arm in the Northern Territory, the relic would be managed in accordance with the Heritage Conservation Act, such that the finding would be reported to the Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport, and a permit obtained for any work on, or removal of, the heritage site or item.

18.6 findings and conclusions Early non-Aboriginal settlements were scarce and often short-lived in the arid environment of the EIS Study Area. Twenty places listed under relevant heritage databases and 13 places of local significance have been identified in the EIS Study Area.

Two places listed on heritage registers (Blanchewater Homestead ruins and the Point Lowly Lighthouse Complex), four places identified in previous heritage surveys (Clara St Dora Mine ruins, Dulkaninna trig marker, Lake Boocaltaninna Mission ruins and Junction Well) and nine other places of local heritage 18 value identified by EIS project scientists, fall within the infrastructure corridors.

Blasting may be required to construct the intake and outfall pipes for the proposed desalination plant at Point Lowly, near the heritage listed Point Lowly Lighthouse Complex. Blasting would comply with recommended building damage criteria for sensitive sites, such that no direct impact on the heritage structures would be expected. The residual impact has therefore been categorised as low. Management measures have also been provided to further reduce and monitor potential impacts on this site.

None of the other heritage sites in the EIS Study Area would be directly affected as a result of the proposed expansion because linear infrastructure alignments and ancillary infrastructure (e.g. construction camps) would avoid these sites. Management measures have also been provided to minimise the indirect impacts on these sites.

The proposed facility at Outer Harbor would be constructed on currently disturbed or reclaimed land that has no significant sites of non-Aboriginal heritage. One heritage site has been identified at the Port of Darwin, but this would not be disturbed or impacted by the construction or operation of the proposed BHP Billiton facility at East Arm.

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 575 576 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009