ROBERT A REID, PUBLSJ-1ER. SLUISKIN FALLS, MT. RAINIER-TACOMA A fall of one hundred and fifty feet at the head of Paradise Valley, a short distance from Paradise Glacier.

Pressof 'trmuu printing an iniug (JIu. Seattle. U S. A. Photographs by Webster & Stevens,Seattle Curtis & Miller,Seattle. V.S.Waters,Seattle. Potter & Avery, Tacoma J. A. Juleen & Co. Everett H. E. Jewell, Granite Falls. C.L. Judd, Anacortes F. La Roche, Sedro-Woolley Sandison Studio, Bellingham. J.A. McCormick, Friday Harbor Pickett Photo Co., Index Turner & Wale, Bremerton B. C.Collier,Olympia. Loll Lewis, Aberdeen R. BBrown, Chehalis. C H. Liddell, Raymond. Julius E Anderson, Vancouver. Kiser Photo Co., Portland. Engravings by Seattle Engraving Company. Iticks-Chatten Engraving Company GOING TO THE MOUNTAINTHE GOVERNMENTROAD It winds ita sinuous length from the base ofthe great mountain to an attitude of seven tIusard feet, and creeps by gentle grade around the beetling headlands thatproject from the mountain side, crossing Paradise River and ends where Paradise Valley stretchesaway to the eternal snows. NARADA FALLS, MT. RAINIER-TACOMA Narada Fa1l, one of the most beautiful cataracts in the world, is the highest of the numerous falls in the descent ,,f the Paradi'e River, having a drop of two hundred feet. Photograph, copyright, 1910 by Asahel Curt is. MT. RAINER.TACOMA FRO INC ACROSS LAKE WASHNCTON ii asto pitywe seehimit itwetsand tcxlaya austain o the thing native him. nraWi a thing uf ony than primativethe headit is to of mindus the old,taught it wa him I ,mt!mr so 1 H gi us Mt. Baker, from San Juan Island

PUGET SOUND

AND WESTERNWASHINGTON

CITIES - TOWNS - SCENERY

Compiled and written by the Publisher

SEATTLE: ROBERT A. REID, PUBLISHER, 488Arcade

Copyright. 1912. by Robert A. Reid

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OUTUNE MAP OF PUGET SOUND ANDWESTERN WASHINGTON This simple map is inserted that readers may have, at hand, something to indicate relativeposilions of the counties of Western Washington, pictured and described. Above the Clouds. Cascade Mountains PREFACE.

THE purpose of this book is to present,by pen and picture, asimple and interesting story concerning the PugetSound Country and WesternWash- of the ington.While the vast territory included inthe nineteen counties west Cascade Mountains precludes a completenarrative of the wonders of nature,the great development of civilization,and any fair analysis ofprospective history, yet enough is narrated to justifythe prophecy that this regionis destined to attain a prominence and power incommercial influence in the world's commerce unsurpassed by any like area upon the globe.Upon the two thousand milesof Sound and Ocean shore, and from the seaportsthere is arising an ever increas- ing number given to maritime callings, aclass of hardy and courageous men of deeds.Increasing thousands are taming thewilderness of forest, mountain and vale, and tilling the bountiful soil.The cities, centers of commerce, man- ufactures and trade, which sit upon theshores like gems set in a circlet, are rapidly increasing in size and number.All these great measures ofdevelop- ment are following the planting ofseed by the first settlers, little morethan sixty years ago, and in the trend of events,forming a mighty commercial prov- ince.Witnessed daily by the people are scenesof natural objects of wonder- ful beauty.Mountains are upon all sides, and primevalforests, sea and shore, land-locked lakes, rivers running from snowymountain tops, combinations of vapor, cloud and sunset,more gorgeous andbeautiful than artist hand can paint;all of these may the people of WesternWashington daily behold. The past has been filled with romanceand achievement!The present is fair to look upon!The prospect is full of promiseand grandeur! 8 Puget Sound and Western Washington

CONTENTS.

MAP Page 6 PREFACE 7 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 9 CHAPTER ONEPuget SoundCountry and Western Washington Brief Notes of Early HistoryClimate 11 Industries and SoilThe Unparalleled Scenery of the PeopleLumber_TheFisheriesAgridulture_Commerce Transportation_Life in the Cities andTowns. CHAPTER TWOThurston County Olympia, Tumwater, Tenino, Sherlock. 25

CHAPTER THREEPierce County 87 Tacoma, Mt. Rainier-Tacoma, Puyallup,Sumner, Rainier National Park, Buckley, Orting, Steilacoom, Gig Harbor,Rosedale, Spanaway, Elbe, Kapowsin, Long- branch, Wilkeson, Carbonado.

CHAPTER FOURKing County 59 Seattle, Renton, Auburn, Kent, Vashon,Issaquah, Kirkland, Kennydale, Bothell, Ravensdale, Preston, North Bend, BlackDiamond, Newcastle. CHAPTER FIVESnohomish County 89 Everett, Snohomjsh, Monroe, Arlington,Edmonds, Stanwood, Marysville, Sultan, Granite Falls, Gold Bar, Darrington,etc.

CHAPTER SIXSkagit County 105 Mt. Vernon, Anacortes,Sedro-Woolley Burlington, Concrete, ton, Lyman, Bay View, Minkler. LaConner, Hamil- CHAPTER SEVEN-_-WhatcomCounty Bellingham, Blame, Sumas, 117 Clipper, Lawrence. Ferndale, Lynden, Marietta, Deming,Nooksack,

CHAPTER EIGHTSan Juanand Island Counties 127 San Juan Island, Orcas Island,Lopez Island, Friday Harbor, Whidby Island, Camano Island, Coupeville, OakHarbor. CHAPTER NINEJefferson, Clallam and Mason Counties 187 Port Townsend, Fort Worden,Irondale, Port Ludlow, Duckabush, Bogachiel, Discovery, Quilcene, Chimicum, Port Port Angeles, Dungeness, Sequirn, Shelton,Lake Cushman, Allyn, Arcadia, Detroit,Matlock. CHAPTER TENKitsap County Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton,Port Orchard, Charleston, Port Blakeley,1*1 Port Gamble, Poulsbo, Port Madison,etc. CHAPTER ELE VE NChehalis County 151 Aberdeen, Hoquiam, Montesano, Elma,Cosmopolis, Oakville, Markham, Satsop, etc. CHAPTER TWELVELewis and Cowlitz Coutics 161 Chehalis, Centralia, Casfie Rock, Littdl,Kosmos. Little Falls. Adna, l)rvad, Doty, Kopia, Winloek. Kelso, Kalania, Pe Eli, Arid, rA'xiltgton. McCormick. Ostrander, Carroilton. Catlin,

CHAPTER THIRTEEN_Pacificand Wahkaikum Counties 178 South Bend, Raymond, Ilwaco, Chinook,Bay Center, Knappton, Lebam, Cathiamet, Roshury, Deep River, Brookfield, Altoona,Shamokawa.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN_Clarkeand Skamanja Counties 185 Vancouver, Camas, Washougal, LaCenter,Etna, Yacolt, Amboy, Brush Prairie, Stevenson, Carson, Butler, Cape Horn,Mount Pleasant, Bear Prairie. Pu get Sound and Western Washington 9 LIST OFILLUSTRATIONS.

Many sub-titles, pictures in groups, and minorengravings are omitted from this list Page Page 611 1641 East Side Seconul Asuluil, I.ong 11rl,lgover lh' lowlilz ll) Aberdeen 152 149 Itru'aL Northern flouts heron $treet. Atiertirso CR 1ulir,ber Miii at Port Gamble lioge BuildIng 133MaIn Street. Slarystille Ituutian Celebrities .9 Nerti{u or the ('ily 191 64; Above tile Clouds, CsdC MeiltItains 7Mt. Adams 5 King Street Pass.'tigei' StatIon Mt. Ru,ker from Sun .lnao islands... 741 Among the Sari Juan islands 21 Ill Labor 'reiiupic Arlington 100Sit. Ituker froni Cypress island lake Union 714 83Mt. Margaret Trial,g,uluii.ion St,,tl,,ii. 190 Looking Across Lake Waslrtngtoul lit Auburn. NeW 111gb School Sit.I'iiebu.iu $0 Borden's Condensed Milk Plant 83 4 Looki rig to Olympus Northern l'aeille Repair Works. 84Mt. Rtuinkr-Taeoma, l'ri'iu Seattle 49 Olyu,pie Mountains from 11, 1(49 From Kaulut Fork 7.1 A,,arortes. 5*1 New Business Center Iiidlan Cane Race at, Aunturtes .108 From Rickeeckers Point New FrSnklin high Soi,uuil 41 .108 Coilig to the ll(itlfltaitl.'(IIWOI'UhlmClIt New MetropolItan Tlueatl'e 74 Russia Cetiwnt t'on,luany PIOUI Road 2 UI lInker River t'ouutr,y Ill. 28 New Passenger Station 1114, Mt. St. Helens trot,, Eagle Park, Church (11 tiench at Mochilis iT New Plymouth ii., Ilellinghiam 114$ Mirror Lake New Providence Hospital Above Ito' CloudS iii Mt. Raker 120 Narada Fails New 1..C. Smith llmmiluling 7:1 Nlsqiially Gland' Si 41: Climbing Roosevell Glacier 121 48 New Swedish Tsbernnei.' fleming Glacier. Mi. Briker ill) OIlItalian Uenry TraIl New Wasl,lm,gton Hotel 64 tinily Street 122Sluiskin Fails New White atuil Henry B,ili,hlnga TI) 11$Mt. St. Helens from Spirit Lnk ....171 Park mind Boulevard Scconu '17 Mt. Baker Mt. 1459k anul Snob ttivir 1(12 60 Molintii, Clim in-Asceitlllig Mt 104 Pioneer Place 121 Sit,Vernon Promiacat 1'iaees of Worship 4111 Baker Oat l,leld near Mt. Vernon 105 6_s Normal Seliooi 1183 Public Library 120 Scenes About Mt. Vern''u Post 0111cc (to Mt. Raker fron, Itazatna Park Threshing Scenes near Mt. V,rnou 1OT 67 U. S. (iai'ernniei,t Thiib Farm 124 106 Regraule Changes Big Trees of Wu's(.'ru Washington 18 PaCiltCoast Milk CondenserS St. Jaii.m's Cathedral 65 Ii')MonroeScenes at Monroe 91* Second Avenue. fran, Yesler Wuty 67 BIg Lake. &tkgit County IltukilIco 94 75 hilaine Views 126 142 Skyscrapers 181 Navy Yard, Puget Sound 80,1,1' Residences 77 Breakers near North henri light Within the Gatos. Navy Yard 14.1 Itu tlriuialVeil Falls 20 .144 'lii.' Minnesota Burlington as a Railroad Center 111 New Pry Dock 'File Totem Pole 412 Riruls.eye VIew or BurlIngton Ill New Navnl Hospital ,,nuiBar,'aeks.146 'l'ypleol Slnuutaciorlu's U, S. S. Oregon at Navy Yjuril 141 59 ilromerton foil Mnnette Views 145 I 'I? University of Washington Camp 1t'lre of the Sloutittilneers Ncnh B,uy Sr'droWoolluuy ,um,d(hi' Skngit River .112 Northhiemul Light [louise 181 112 Casea,le 1)lVid 103 129 Olul and New Ways Over River Centralla 167.Oak lIarbir 15 ifeeem,t Builulinga at Sei1roWooliey .11:1 New High Sbool at t'.'tntralia 164Olii English Block House Water Slain Over the Skagit 115 4)lymnple Mountains from hoods 182 Contralto Residences 16.1 140Shasta limited 185 Canal Simpson l)airy Herd 139 New Union Depot. Centralin Olympia from 11w WeSt Side ii 17 Charleston 147 27fitiusqunlmle Falls 108 Capitol Shelton Scenes 139 cia' of Cbehalis City Hall and FIre Departownt :10 116 Chehalle City Hall I'll 1)oafles li'uturt,sl'litt' '10Sol flue Hot Spring' t'Iwbalis Public Library 161 28South Bend 172 Co 1411 First Governor's Mansion PacifIc County Court Rouse 173 ChOinalls Branch I'. C. Milk i-hotelIliteliell '10 (1hehaliCounty Court i-louse 161 South Bend Commercial Club 175 Masonic Temple 30 175 ('hehalis Treatypainting 1511 2 Scenes About South Bend Columbia 1tl.r 192 Modern Homes in Olympia Stoekwll Show Herd New Temple of Justice 25 111 Concrete 1111 32SurpriseFalls Washington Cenieni ('11. al Cnnr'reie 114 New Steamer Nisqually flumas 1211 Plan of New Capitol Grounds 28 '10 Coupevillo 129 27Sumner Cosmiupoils Lumber flocks 156 Present Governor's Mansion Loading Berries at Sumner 5*1 Priest Point Psrk 29 40 Spruce Cottage. Csinopo1is 15(1 32Tacoma Stadiumni3 High School Ileceptlon Pass 5 Scenes Among the Oystermen Post Ofllce 38 I)lcovery of iirayaI Inri,orpalntlug 1544 The Mottman lJepartment Store 30 New Union StatIon 38 Tumwater Falls 12 45 Rigging Razor Clauns at i'it,alis ..IfuOParliament Buildings at Victoria 133 Public Library DirngonessSpit 133 Gateway to Tacoma 41 Elerelt. View of 88Port Angeles 1 '14 Tacoma's New Skyline '(7 Port Orchard 148 44 City flock 09 Scenes at Port Orchard 149 Fidelity Trust Building (treat Northern i)epot 90Purse Seiners upon Puget Srslmul 22 hotel Tacoma 42 111gb School 98 52 Looking Up Eleventh Street Ku 91 Puryallop Valley Fair Grounds looking South on PacifIc Avenue 111 looking Rant rgHewitt Street. Canning Works,t'nyuiim,p 54 Snohomir,h County Court htuse ff1 Ptuyuillip Viulley ttasplwrry Pickers 55 NatIunai Realty Huilling 441 Weyerhaeuser lumber StIll 112 New 'l'acoma BuildIng 14! Piryailtrp '1'silev Rnaph,'rrv Fiei.ls 515 44 Rilia hook and light Noose 115 '13 Perkins Building Eduiotiu1, Subjects li_Il Principal Knainess Street Pierte County Court House 45 Furl Flagler (Iulinoault. an inulian Village 1311 PoInt DefIance Park 43 Ranch Sucteousfully Run by a Wøinan 162 42 Fort l.awton SORaymond ShippIng Scenes 177 Source of Water Supply Fi,rt Worilen I'll) 176Taylor, a Denny-Benton Town $4 11'1 ltayn,on,i Hotel Tenino 34 Fort Wonton and Poh,,t Wilson Ilayinanul Trust Co 1711 Glacier Posit, fasesde Sluinlains Ii Rsyn,ond Itoul no.1 Gun Club 178 Hercules Sandstone Company's Gr,,nite Falls 811 SI Quarry No. 2. Tenlno 35 Crazing Young Stock on I.ogged.oil Kenton Toninui Stone Cnr,,pany'mu Quarry, 53 Renton Coal Mines 82 34 Iniul IT-I Denny-Renton Brick Works 82TonO lleadwnturs of the Skykomisiu. 1(11 The 'l'rohher's Iteward i'll Salmon Fishers at ICanaka Bay 24 94 111gb Bridge. Castle Ro,k 1711Salmon Fishers, San Juan Island- 127Tulalip Indian Reservation Flouting Party Parking lulto the Salmon Fishers, upon Pnget Sound. .123Typical Stnmp flesji 101 Olmpies 1411Scenic Gems Among San Juan Typical Stone on Loggus1O L,and 188 floqt,iarn Islands 14 & 128Twin FailsClarke Counts' 180 Wood l.umher Mill. Hoqulam 154Snohomish County Fair Grounds 08U. S. Custom House, Port Townsend. 1112 PoIson Logging Company. Hoqulani 154 Berry Farm Near Snohomish 9$Vsnciaiver Barracks 184 Ironulal,' SteplCl,,nh 138 01 tTolumbi,u River lirlulge at Vsncouver.1Sfl 182 DaIry Farm at Snohomish 187 Jefferson County Court house First Street l.00klng East 041 Main Street, Vancouver Kent SI 941 Promiou'nt Buildingsn Vancouver. 187 841 Rid, School 185 Carnation MIlk Ccunrlenw'ry. Kent 943 Shipping Along the I 0dm The Square. Kent 85 Post 0(11cc BuIlding St.oseph's hospital 188 Piil,lle LIbrary 1141 87 Keiso 160 118 Vsahnn llnnd. Scenes upon illsS,attleA Section of tile Waterfront 11iT Dairy Herrl near Kelao AlaskaBuilding 75Whaling lnul,tstry at Grays Rarbor Smelt Fishing at Kelno 1118 75Willapm. Harbor 1841 American and Empire Bildlnguu 14111 t.aConnu'r ill TOWinlack'a New Depot l.itkc. Crescent 1 '11 Cobb Building New Rosiness Section In Wtnlovk. .167 long Beach Scene on Long R,ath. . .179 Dexter liorton National Bank 74 toAftet view.Photo. a copyright. tupenduus 1907. rainfall. when withfIJNTAINS the shining FROM brill 1i,grt Soon GLACIER PEAK, 10.436 FEET HIGH Looking northeast at the peak, six miles away, air line, from the divide between Cheanand Snohomish Counties. CHAPTER ONE.

THE PUGET SOUND COUNTRY AND WESTERNWASHINGTON. Puget Sound was named by Vancouver, in 1792, in honor of LieutenantPeter Puget, a young officer commanding one of the exploring partieswhose work was so important and well done that Vancouver wrote Puget Sound upon his newly drawnchart. Robert Gray discovered and namedthe BRIEF NOTES OF EARLY HISTORY Columbia river, which was one of the main "Although there had been published mapsitems of substance in the Americanclaim and charts showing what kind of countrytotheoldOregon country.The other this ought to be, the first white man to crossportions of that claim were the explorations the forty-second parallel of north latitudeby the Lewis and Clarke expedition in1804- was Ferrels in 1543.The next one to gaze1806 and the settlement of Astoria in1811. on our shores was the famousEnglishman, Thus was this northwestern cornersaved the Sea King of Dover, who is known in his- totheAmericansthroughthreefunda- tory as Sir Francis Drake.There followed mentals of national title: discovery, explor- other venturesome mariners of Spain andation and occupation.In the year 1792, England, but none of them landed on the also, George Vancouver, the Englishcaptain, shores until 1775, when Heceta effected aexplored Puget Sound and gave us a geo- landing near the present Point Grenville graphical nomenclature that has endured TheyearbeforePerezhaddiscovered for more than a century.In those days the Nootka harbor, on the west coast of Van-harvest of furs was the incentive forgreat of couver island.This became the best known undertakings, second only to the harvest harbor and theheadquartersofallthe the gold mines.Soon after the appearance explorers and fur huntersforthe nextof the fur hunter, who battled the furyof twenty years.Here occurred theclash the sea, there came the equally bravefur between representatives of Spain and Eng-hunter who faced the dangers of thewilder- '.nd in 1789, which threatened to cause war ness.This ushers in the Hudson Bay Com- between those powers, and each of thempany era and of course there soonfollowed sought to embroil the United States.It wasthe fur trapper and independent hunters. finally adjusted by the Nootka convention of Then came the missionaries, whoseidea The year 1792 was a mem- ofteaching theIndiansagricultureand October, 1790. save orable one in our early history.In that yeardomestic arts while endeavoringto 12 Puget Sound and Western Washington

their souls struck heavy blows at themon- and gave all plenty of work, in 1853 there opoly of the fur trade. From 1834 thewas a boom in the construction of saw mills. missionaries came in increasing numbers, On March 2, 1853, Millard Fillmore, just be- settling in the Willamette and Walla Wallafore his term of office as president of the valleys, at The Dalles and elsewhere. From United States was brought to a close, signed 1840 there began to come a few whowere the act of congress which created the terri- not so closely tied either to the fur trade toryof Washington.President Franklin or the missionary work.They were justPierce appointed the new territorial officers settlers, and their numbers increased fromand Isaac I. Stevens came out as the first year to year until we find the stream ofgovernor. He started the government by a immigrants greatly swollen in the early fif-proclamation on October 28, 1853, and soon ties. The first actual settlement of whitesin saw our political career fairly begun. He what is now the State of Wa.thingtonwas had sought and obtained the work of super- made by the Hudson Bay Company when Dr. vision of the survey of a route for the Pacific John McLaughlin moved his headquarters railroad from the Mississippi River to Puget from Astoria to Fort Vancouver in 1825. The Sound. He also became Indian agent for the same company made the ni-st settlement on new territory. He made treaties with the In- Puget Sound at Fort Nisqually in 1833. Thedians, quieting their title to 100,000 square first American settlement on Puget Sound miles of land. The ink was not dry on these was made by Michael Troutman Simmons documents of peace when war broke out and and party at Tumwater in 1845. Then fol-we find the early settlers protecting their lowed rapidly the settlements at Olympia, families in hastily constructed block houses. Steilacoorn, Whidby Island,Seattle, Port The governor's vigorous program put an end Townsend and Whatcom. Gold discoveries to the war and from that time on there has in California and forest fires at thesame been no serious trouble with those savages time directed attention to the forest of Pugetwho, half a century ago, claimed to own this Soundtogetmaterialsforthe needed whole region. wharves and buildings at San Francisco. The first territorial legislature was called This brought new settlers to Puget Sound together at Olympia on February 27, 1854. Pu gel Sound and Western Washington 13

A CAMP FIRE OF THE MOUNTAINEERS There are several assiciations in Western Washington largely composed of business and professional men and women who devote their holidays and vacations to the mountains, forests and waters of the Sound, studying the beauties and wonders of nature. The evening camp fires are exceedingly interesting incidents in the couise of these outings. Then the members went to Olympia in boatsberman, the farmer, fruit grower and dairy- or on foot or on horseback over the roughman have converted a large area of this for- trails and roads, where now they can go inested country into farms and garden spots. fine Sound steamers or in well equipped pas. Comparativelyspeaking,however, buta senger coaches." small area has so far been transformed into CLIMATE AND SOIL cultivated fields. The lofty peaks of the Cascade Mountains, The topography of the Puget Sound Basin which describe an irregular line through the issuch that theagriculturallandsare heart of Washington, form a physical barrer divided into three different types: Tide land between two sections possessing widely dif-marsh, river bottom and delta land, and ferent climatic and soil conditions. West ofuplands. The tide land marshes lie below the Cascades there are, practically speaking, the level of high tide.These have, in a but two seasonssummer and winter, themeasure, been reclaimed by the construction distinction being that of rainfall. The greaterof dikes as a protection from the over-flow part of the rainfall occurs during November, of the salt water.They are very rich and December, January and March. There is anyield large crops of oats and forage. absence of summer and winter extremes. The river bottom and delta lands are sub- Pure air and bracing ocean breezes, cool ject to over-flow freshets occasioned by melt- nights, low altitude and constant verdure,ing snow at the mountain source of the mark this territory as particularly adapted to rivers.This over-flow acts as a fertilizing the development of a great and healthfulagent, bringing with it rich silt and other empire already founded. alluvial material. The products of the river Itcomprises an area of approximatelybottom lands are very similar to and quite 16,000 square miles.Originally this entireas great as the crops grown upon the lower area, from the snow line of the mountains to marsh lands. About one-half of these river tide-water, was covered with a thick growthbottom lands in the Puget Sound country are of enorfous fir, cedar and hemlock. The lum- still in a wild state. SCENIC GEMS AMONG THE SAN JUANISLANDS From the camera of J, A, MCCORMICK I and 3 Mt. Baker, 60 miles distant.2 The Log Cabin Home at the edge of the forest.4 Observalion Point, Orcas Island.5 Moonlight on Echo Bay, Lucia Island.6 Lone Tree Point, Vendovia I1and7 Observation Pass, between Orcas and Blakeley Islands,8 Turtle Back Mountain, at entrance to EastunncI Pu get Sound and Western Washington 15

OLD ENGLISH BLOCK HOUSE, SAN JUAN ISLAND This block house, still standing, is a silent witness of the stirring events attending the disputed boundary between the United States and British ColumbiaThere are several other block houses in Western Washington built by the settlers, either in fancied or real necessity for protection against Indians, The upland benches lying between and THE UNPARALLELLED SCENERY along the water courses in the higher alti- Professor Meany, the historian, mountain tudes were originally covered with a thickclimber and noted writer upon Northwest- growth of fir, cedar and hemlock. Some of ern subjects, has said:"There is no sur- the timber has been taken off and the land prise for visitors who approach Puget Sound is called in a 'logged-off" state. This land is and are told that Washington is called the sufficiently rolling to furnish good drainage Evergreen State. Their eyes behold the rea- and is well watered. This upland area is but son as they gaze in every direction upon the sparsely settled, except in the vicinity of wonderful coniferous forest.The earliest the larger cities and towns. explorers commented upon these forests, the The vast territory south and southwest of old pioneers wrote about them, and now Puget Sound Southwest Washington - is geologists are finding fossil woods and cones much like the Sound Basin in its soil and showing that these hills have been clothed climate. The rivers emptying into the Pa-with the evergreen trees for ages beyond cific Ocean and others which are tributaries man's ability to name in years." of the Columbia River, take their rise in Captain George Vancouver, the first white the snow-capped mountains. In their descentman to explore Puget Sound, on May 19, they water numberless valleys and wide sec- 1792, wrote in his journal:"The serenitl tions of great fertility, which sustain many of theclimate, the innumerable pleasing cities, towns and smaller centers of popula- landscapes, and the abundant fertility that tion, although as yet but sparsely settled. unassisted nature puts forth requires only The whole of Western Washington sharesto be enriched by the industry of man, with in the mellowing influence of the warm cur- villages, mansions, cottages, and other buila- rents that flow through the waters of theings, to render it the most lovely country Pacific, tempering the "winds of winter,"that can be imagined." while the cool mountain air descending to From its northern boundary, intersected the valleys fans away the heated rays ofby numerous tributaries of the Frazer, to the summer sun. the Columbia upon the south"where flows 16 Pu get Sound and Western Washington

the Oregon" from these extreme limits Western Washington is fortressed upon the east by the Cascade Mountains.Hundreds of rivers and mountain streams flow, often tumultously, from these "everlasting hills.' Rising to sublime height, rugged and snow- capped, this range of itself proclaims the unsurpassed scenery of Washington.The separate mountains Baker, Shuksan, Sister Mountains, Lookout, Glacier Peak, Pilchuck, Rainier-Tacoma ("The Mountain that was God"), Langiel Peak, Red Mountain, the beautiful St.Helens, and the grand old Mt. Adams are scattered between the Cascades and the lines of the Sound. West of the mountains is Puget Sounda vast inland seawhose waters are decked with many islands, large and small, and whose shores are indented with numerous gulfs, sounds, bays, and inlets.Island pas- sages and sounds with rushing tidal cur- rents abound. The shores are everywhere bordered with evergreen forests, while upon all sides tower the gold and silvern moun- tains, all overlaid with vaporous clouds of wonderful beauty and never-ending variety. Nearly two thousand miles of inland shore line invite the voyager and touristtoa panorama of mountain, woodland and water scenery. Between Puget Sound and the Pacific Ocean, with the Straits of Juan de Fuca upon its north, is the Olympic Peninsula from its vaststoreof natural resources called the Olympic Empire. The buttressed Pacificshores,theforestedStraitsand Sound shores, the inland and foothill for- ests, the vaststretchesofsnow-covered mountains, the torrential rivers and inland lakes, these alluring features command the admiration of all.With the days, months, and years that pass those who visit the Peninsula, for fishing, hunting or camping become ever-more loyal lovers of the Olym- pic -Peninsula scenery. Throughout the great territory south of Puget Sound to the majestic Columbia, and from the Cascades to the shores of the Pa- cific, the lakes, rivers, mountains and forest- covered hills form an irresistible scenic at- traction for tourists, travelers and settlers. Giving life and interest in many sections to the scenery are various primitive indus- tries; those of the woodsman, the fisherman, and occupations of remaining Indians, with some newer methods of livelihood. Many of these are features of absorbing interest. Beneath the falls are It is also a favorite place ht. tle.

E and in running ed by a branch dark evergreen SNOQ les east o It has a fall of two hundred and sixty-sig This beautiful waterfall, with its picturesque setting, is twenty-ei for automobile parties to go an outing. dynamos generating power for turning the wheels in many workshops and factories 18

BIG TREES IN WESTERN WASHINGTON I Shows an immense cedar, still standing at Snohomish.2 A stump, on road between Bush Bay and Bellingham. 3 Stump used as a dwelling, in Edgecombe, Sno Aomish County The cities, towns, villages, and hamlets new era upon the Pacific and quickened into rest upon the river banks, in the valleys, and greater activity the production of lumber upon the plains like diadems in the emerald about Puget Sound. From that date to this landscape, or ascend from the shores of thetime has been seen the development of one Sound like gems set in a crown of imperialof the greatest wealth-producing industries beauty. the world has ever witnessed. At hundreds Greatly as the grand scenery of Westernof mills upon the Sound shores and at river Washington is known and appreciated todaymouths steamers and sailing craft are daily the time will be when millions will sing theseen loading timber for all foreign coun- praises of the wonderful scenery where now tries.Thelongtranscontinentalfreight there are thousands. trains are composed largely of cars carry- INDUSTRIES OF THE PEOPLELUMBER ing various classes of manufactured timber The great possibilities of the lumber traf- to our domestic markets in the East.In all fic of this region was foreshadowed as longparts of Western Washington may be heard ago as 1788, by Capt. John Mears, early the buzzing of immense circular saws, turn- explorer,fur trader and adventurer,fre- ing out the product of the most important quenting the Northwest Pacific shores. After industry of the people. launching the new schooner which he had At present the state leads all others in caused to be built at Nootka, on Vancouver the quantity of lumber cut, makes more Island, The Northwest America, and stow-than half of the shingles manufactured in ing her hold with valuable furs he had herthe United States, and is second in the pro- deck loaded with spars.In his journal heduction of lath. The standing timber in the entered: "We took on board a considerablestate is estimated to be 200,000,000,000 feet. quantity of fine spars, fit for topmasts, for From 3,500,000,000 to 4,000,000,000feetof the Chinese market, where they are verylumber is cut annually.There are 923 saw much wanted and of course proportionatelymills, 452 shingle mills, and about 1,200 log- dear." Prof. Meany adds that this was "prob-ging and bolt camps. The industry employs ably the first lumber shipped from this re- directly 96,880 men, while the number en- gion."Two-thirds of a century later the gaged in transportation, producing and sup- discovery of gold in California marked aplying mills and camps withmachinery, Pugc Sound and Western Washington 19

MT. BAKER FROM CYPRESS ISLAND NEAR ANACORTES This jv is one looking across Bellingham Clianne 1, (inc-nec Island, PadilltBa .Ii e main land and foot hills to lie henri tiful Sn ow i-I au mou ii tamsentinel of the northerPuget SoundCOO iitF lifty or iles away. Pbotograph Copyrighted by C. L Judd. 20 Pu get Sound and Western Washington

BRIDAL VEIL FALLS Bridal Veil Falls consists of two distinct falls of siniilar features, that occupying the foreground being 200 feet high, the other, partially seen, 150 feet, with a distatice of 150 feet between them. They are about two miles from Index, and are links in Bridal Veil Creek, running between Serene Lake, lying at the foot of Mt. Index and the Skykomish River. These falls in the depth of the forest are a wonderfully fascinating sight. A new road having recently been cut through the forest to them, they will now become more generally known and visited. equipment and food, makes more than 100,- first witnesses the "drawing of the nets" is 000, causing a disbursement of more thanfilled with wonder and astonishment at the $100,000,000 annually.Fully nine tenths of vast quantities of great fish which, figura- the entire output of the state is from West-tively, are heaped into the laps of the fish- ern Washington. ermen by The Bountiful Giver.So abundant THE FISHERIES are the catches that they seem like "special A gilded codfish hangs suspended over the acts of Providence." Salmon fisning is, now- speaker's desk in the House of Representa-ever, in reality a scientific pursuit requiring tives in the Massachusetts state capitol, at careful study, long experience, and when ex- Boston. For generations it has been the re-tensively followed large capital. vered emblem of the thrift of the New Eng- There are 24 salmon canneries, 12 cold land fishermen and of the importance of his storage plants, 4 fertilizer factories, 5 cod- catch.With fully equal appropriatenessfish curing works, 2 clam canneries and 2 might the people of Western Washingtonsardine and herring canneries in Western lift aloft with reverence and gratitude theWashington. A fleet of 28 steamers,32 effigy of the salmonthe royal salmon, forlaunches, 255 scows and 605 fishing boats salmon are everywhere in the waters, andand dories, with 18 pile drivers, is utilized. they enable our fishermen to feed the hun- while the apparatus employed includes 298 gry of many nations.The tourist, the manpound nets, 374 seines, with 666 set nets and from mid-country, and the newcomer who403 gill nets, the total capital employed be- and inlet shoresparticularlyseen the beautiful attrac all-year home of tionbusiness ofSAN villas, JUANmen I ntand.UND homes, Throughout for people Puget of wealthSound andare leisure,innumerable as well picturesque as within reach spots of 22 Puget Sound and Western Washington

PURSE SEINERS UPON PUCET SOUND Purse Seineis may he seen on the waters ofPugetSound, the San Juan ant (Jeorgian Straits, and out on the Pacilic as well as uponIhe Columbia River, drawing their nets with catche,,f satin on ing$7,228,1 50. Seventeell hatcheries are cess heretofore unknownEnough is every- maintained at an annual expense of over where seen to indicate the great importance 100,000.During 1910 75,791,989 artificially of agriculture and there are today, two nul- hatched salmon were turned into the waters lion, live hundred thousand acres oflogged- of the state.The fisheries give employment off lands unsold and awaiting the settler to over 10,000 men and pro iide the material COMMERCE for canneries whose product is shipped to Severalfavorablycontributingcauses every section of the world. have helped to build up an important and commerceforWestern AGRICULTURE rapidlygrowing \Vashington. The easy water transportation Although the pursuit of agriculture from of the forest products, the geographical p0- the first claimed a degree of attention ofsition, the protected harbors and deep sva- settlers, the great imniediate returns from terways of the Sound country are notleast timber and the fisheries caused these occu- among them. The discovery of Alaskangold pations to monopolize their efforts to a large and the nearness as the Alaskans' supply extent.During more recent years there has depot, resulted in marked increase, and per- been a general movement to cultivate the halls chief of all causes is the development fertile soil.Great progress has been made of Oriental and Pacific Ocean trade.The in various counties with grain, grasses, andopening of the Panama Canal must prove vegetables; with dairying, fruit and berrybeneficial in the near future.Transconti- growing, poultry raising, stock, horse andnental railroads connect with the shipping hog raising. at many ports already.More railroads are The temperature is particularly well suited a natural sequence. to the development of specialties in agricul- ture and horticulture,and many experi- TRANSPORTATION mental ranches may be found cultivating The waterways of Western Washington new branchesinberries,apples,dwarf have been for past ages principal meansof pears, and other choice varieties. Some communication and transportation, and are special lines have already attained a suP-destined to be forever and ayeThe steel Pugct Sound and Wc5Lern Washington 23

MT. ST. HELENS FROM EAGLE PEAK IN MT. RAINIER NATIONAL PARK Mt. St. l-Ielerm cone of rare s\mlnetrv and bean tn enis always dazzling snow-white, except for a few nveeky at tine I, nn ifty miles i in an under. ''1' he distance front Mt. Ha in er, where the photograph was taken, to St. Helens is Pu get Sound and Western Washington

SALMON FISHERS AT KANAKA BAY, SAN JUAN ISLANDS Loading scows with salmon preparatory to towing the catch tothe canneries. railis a substantial second long-distancethe smallest villages, the scattered towns factor, if not occupying first place.What and large cities there is seen the spiritof the automobile and the new highways mayendeavor and enterprise, and thiswithout do for this territory in common with theirregard to the nativity of the people. Nearly world development, can only be imagined,every settlement of a thousandpeople has but it is evident that their part will be im-itsCommercialClub, composedof men portant. eager to secure for theirrespective com- munities all benefits of civilization, as well LIFE IN THE CITIES AND TOWNS The ambi- Perhaps the great natural process of as-as to further material interests. tion of small towns for publiclibraries is similation 01 reign-born people with oureverywhere apparentand the shifts these own native population could find no betterpromoters must make and the odd places example than that which has characterized the libraries are housed in show a spirit ex- the growth of Western Washington.Large cities and towns have sprung up within theceedingly creditable to the people. Through. out the limits of Western Washington one lives of living men and have become cen- small ters of culture.Universities, churches, hos-finds people settled in both large and pitals, and thousands of homes of refine-townspeople of a fair amount of means and people of wealthliving a quietand ment are everywhere evident. The wealth climate and produced by enormous natural resources has contented lifeenjoying the made thousands of poor and unlearned menbeautiful scenery and who choose to live in the territory in preference to any othercli- rich,and educational advantages quickly follow. Everywherein the ranch home, inmate or section.

Schooners in Snug Harbor near Seattle. at Eagle Harbor. Bainbridge laland THE NEW TEMPLE OF JUSTICE AT OLYMPIA The Temple of Justice is the first unit in the Puget Sound at Olympia. group of new capitol buildings to be erected upon Capitol Place, facing It is of classic architecture and a key to the character of otherbuildings to follow. CHAPTER TWO.

THURSTON COUNTY: OLYMPIA, TUMWATER,TENINO, &c. Thurston County was named in honor of Samuel R. Thurston, firstdelegate to Congress from Oregon Territory. Thurston County includes the extremeof the oldest settled portions of the state, southern reaches of Puget Sound, and isa and has a great variety of natural resources, county of wooded hills and valleys with among which are timber, agricultural fields, open prairies well watered by mountaincoal mines, fisheries, including clam and streams.It has an area of about 700 squareoyster beds, sandstone quarries, and a variety miles, 100 miles of salt-water shore, apopu- of useful clays.Cereals and grasses yield lation of 18,000, and a delightful climate,abundant crops; loot crops are extensive; magnificent scenery and a great expanse offruit of great variety is also very prominent. inland salt water, and green-clad islandsand Dairying is flourishing, the county having fields in every direction. The county isone more dairies than any other in the state. OLYMPIA 'The Pearl ofPuget Sound." Olympia is one of the cities of Western quick communication with the business dis- Washington which, during the last threetrict and giving the sense of a city instead years,hasmaderemarkableprogress. of that of a town. Great changes are immediately visibleupon Being the capital city, there is an atmos- entering the city.Fine paved streets havephere of intelligence and refinement which succeeded muddystreets,new businessmakes a residence in the city agreeable to blocks have taken the places of older struc-those who desire a home amid pleasant sur- tures, a new city park has been dedicatedroundings and among congenial neighbors to the people, and every visible object showsOlympia isessentially acityof homes. the progressive spirit of the times.One of Roses and other flowers are general and the important improvements is the 100acresabundant. As a central city, surrounded by of tide land recently filledat private ex-farms of the most fertile soil, her pro.sperity pense, now being devoted to cheap factoryand advance is permanent and certain to sites.During the past year or two a dozenhave continued growth.The stores of the new and important enterprises have locatedmerchants bespeak generous patronage.In manufactories in the city, among them lum-addition to the wealth brought to her doors ber and shingle mills, fruit canneries, andby the development of her surrounding ter- creameries.The Olympia Street Railway ritory, Olympia is the county seat of Thurs- system has been greatly extended, bringington County.This fact added to being the a large section of residential territory intocapital of Washington brings a distinct cur- GROUND PLAN OF THE SERIES OF NEW CAPITOL BUIDINGSAT OLYMPIA 1, 2. 3 and 5 are locations for office buildings for variousState commissions.4 Location of the central structureThe Grand Capitol of the State of Washington.6 The Temple of Justice, first unit of the group, now being erected.7 Location for new Governors' Mansion. The main facade of the Capitol will face north on a grand Plaza,and the entire group will face in the same direction, with a magnificent view across Budd s Inlet-and Puget Sound to theCascade Range. and flanked by glorious views of the Olympic Mountains. The broad Capitol Place, with easy slopingground to the bluffs overlooking the waters of the inlet, is pleasingly characteristic of Western Washington scenery. Adequateprovisioli is made for roadways with gradients from the upper roads to the lower levels connecting with the CapitolPlace Boulevard along Budd's Inlet. From the Great Lakes to the Gulf, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. no other state canboast so fine a combination as this grouping of buildings, commanding site and grand surrounding scenery. Pu get Sound and Western Washington

THE CAPITOL AT OLYMPIA Tl'is handsome pile of masonry occupies city block.It is however, to be succeeded bya block a magnificent in the center of Olympia, fronted by a small parkoccupying a commonwealth of \Vachingion, at Capitol Place, facing group of capitol buildings, well wcrthy the progressive Sound and Lrle serrated C scades. l3udd's Inlet, with the outlook covering portjonof Puget

THE PRESENT GOVERNOR'S MANSION,NEW CAPITOL GROUNDS. OLYMPIA The governor's mansion occupies a beautifulsite upon Capitol Place, where the group of to be erected, fcing Budd's Inlet. new capital buildings is '28 Puget Sound and Western Washington

THE FIRST GOVERNOR'S MANSION. STILL STANDINGAT OLYMPIA of Washington, is still standing, not farfrom the This historic building, the residence of the early governors not visible. center of the city. An "L which extends backfrom the main part, adds considerable living space Grant, Sheridan and many other military heroes wereentertained within its walls. Pu get Sound and Western Washington 29

PRIEST POINT PARK. OLYMPiA'S PLAY GROUND Priest Point Park, containing 257 acres, has been open to the public a little over two years, but has sprung into public favor with a bound.It is beautifully located upon the harbor shores, about two miles from the center of the city.Pass- enger launches are favorite means of transportation, while the drive to the park is next in popularity. 30 Puge! Sound and Western Washington

NOTABLE PLACES AT OLYMPIA 1 The New Masonic Temple, home of Olympia Lodge, No. 1, the oldest west of theMississippi River.2 The Mott- man Mercantile Co.'s new block, the leading department store of Southwest Washington. 3(center) P erce's Hotel Mitchell, headquarters for tourists, legislators and commercial travelers, opposite the Capitol grounds.4 New Fire De- partment Headquarters, City Hall and Chamber of Commerce building.5 Doane's Cafe, historic place at which the famous pan-roasts of Olympia Oysters are served, and 'where many political conferences 11ave occurred. Pugei Sound and Western Washington 31

rent of revenue to be expended in the sup- ply of daily wants, and helps materially in monetary linesThe Chamber of Commerce is a thoroughly live organization, fostering all objects for the welfare oI the city and county, ard there is a new Ad Club of 400 members just formed to extend the city's fame. The first settlers came toOlympia in 1846, soon after the first pioneers had taken up claims at Tumwater. The town was first surveyed in 1850, in 1853 was made the ter- ritorial capital, and as such remained until the territory merged into statehood in 1889, when a popular vote taken the following year made it the permanent state capital. The scenery that may be viewed includes the Olympics, the Cascades, Mt. Baker, Mt. Rainier, many islands,and Puget Sound. The new group of capitol buildings, with the avenues and terraced grounds when com- pleted, will be an addition to the scenic at- tractions of Olympia; unequalled in beauty of site, structures and scenic surroundings by any other state capitol between the At- lantic and Pacific shores

TUMWATER Tumwater, the picturesque town of 1100 population, adjoining Olympia, was the first settlement of whites north of the Columbia River.In the year 1846 the power from the falls was harnessed to do man's bidding in turning the wheels oa grist mill, and in 1847 a saw mill was started with the same power.This was the first notable mechani- cal move towards the great lumber industry now the most important among the many followed in Western Washington. Here the first white male child was born in the ter- ritory now the State of Washington.The statement of these facts of early history in dicates something of the historical wealth woven about these first settlements.The name Tumwater is that by which the falls were known to the Indians.

TENINO Tenino, a town of 1,500 population, near the southern boundary of the county,is noted for its sandstone quarries, the exten- sive working of which has brought prosper- ity to the town.Many of the firest build- ings in the Northwest re'ently built have been constructed from the stone from Ten- mo quarries, and recognition of the superior THE NEW STEAMER NISQUALLY The beautiful new steamer Nisqually makes two trips daily over the picturesque route between Olympia and Tacoma. making landing at the latter city at the Municipal Dock, meeting steamers from Seattle and other Sound ports, The citizens of Olympia. the Nisqnally's home port, are very proud of the new staunch steamer.

SCENES AMONG THE OYSTERMEN AT OLYMPIA 1 Scow load of oysters.2 Gathering oysters when tide is out.3 Tonging oysters when tide is in.4 Indians digging clams on the borders of the Brenner Oyster Beds. These scenes are upon the oyster properties of the.J. J. Brenner Oyster Company of Olympia, pioneers in the industry on Puget Sound.Beside growing the famous Olympic oysters, many car loads of eastern oysters are brought to the beds of this company, every year, and "planted" in the 'waters of the Sound to fatten.After a period of one to two years. with quality and flavor greatly improved, they are ready for market. This company's beds are at Mod Bay, Oyster Bay and Olympia Bay, at either of which, study of the industry is interesting. Tacoma andOlympia.GateCityis pass throughTeninodaily. Many passengerandfreighttrains portant asacoalminingcenter. business ofthecountyandisim- Tenino alsosharesinthelumber eral witharchitectsandinvestors. permanent nature,isbecominggen- dences, andotherbuildingsofa buildings, businessblocks,fineresi- quality ofthesandstoneforpublic ing community. county with1,000people,isagrow- Bucoda, inthesouthernpartof Reservation isanimportantcenter. 700 inhabitants,neartheNisqually ishing center. ern Pacific,atownof850isflour- county. the southwesternsection a railwayjunctionpointlocatedin Northern Pacificrailway,between reached byrailroads. more areothertownsinthecounty Mina, Meadow,WhittakerandGil- Lacey, Bordeaux,Delphi,Belmore, prosperous Gate, inhabitants, betweenOlympiaand ous district. cific, isalsoacenterforprosper- people, locatedontheNorthernPa- extending halis rivers. kumchuck, Scatter,BlackandChe the DesChutes,Nisqually.Skoo- land. valleys andstretches sected bystreams, ing hillsandlevelprairies,inter- presents anexpanseofgentlyroll- Rainier. tends to of mountains.Theeasternpartex- Hills, aspuroftheOlympicrange tion beingtraversedbytheBlack county isvaried,thewesternpor- region thesportsmen'sparadise. bear, mountain hold avarietyofbiggame,such as Olympic Rangewiththeirfoothills Sherlock isalumberpointonthe The The CascadeMountainsandthe is alsoacenterformany The mainwatercoursesare cougar, topography Rochester, ontheNorth- The interveningsection the goat, into ranchers. Little Rockwith1,500 Yelm, atownwith foothills ofMount etc., Thurston Cointy, Rainier with700 elk, of lakes, making deer, of McIntosh, Thurston Pu getSoundandWesternWashington of bottom fertile black the the

Q.iny Cuttmg Shed C C) C C) C "-'C C))) C). C, C) r ICC) CO CO 0 THE TENINOni an STONEu. COMPANYS QUARRY.L TENI tn..d'tu he iest pu p ujidings in the Noi-r hw I,T ,hu.tresTenin., of Ten,io andatone TENINO Tenino is the center of the sandstone quarry industry of ThurstonCounty, and is a railroad junctjon of growing importance.

FHE COAL MINING TOWN OF TONO Tono, with Kopiah and Mankato are a group of three coal miningtowns, tributary to Centralia, and adding tonnage to that city's traffic. From this quarry there is being shipped daily du Government at the entrance to Gra its payroll an dys ,.iitpIy Harbot.rIii purvhass The contract ThEasptregating HERCULESamoOnts the to S75O.Ott.ofl, largestSANDSTONE anms andof COMPANYS money1912. the L250 su4taining tons QUARRY of rock,the orNo. thirty 2. AT to thirty-fiveTENINO cars, of SO,000 lbs. Hercules Sandstone Company gives ernployme apacity. to the great jetties being business of Tenino. builtnt byto 160the men.United States *r_,_,I a_i._/ '!!A a-'u.l IiS I1F l I IA ,I IL ! 1i i t Weyerhaetiser Timber Company. ir 1 a banquet hall, dining rooms, reception, I I and th I i1iir I lumber manufacturing interests of the North- I I were designed for and are used excitisively by The concerns have offices in the new building, the erection of rooms, offices and committee rooms, kitchen, etc., all of the THE NEW TACOMA BUILDING This new office building was erected jointly by the Commercial Club - Vr-Th It is a Class A concrete and steel structure, The two top floors Commercial Club and Chamber of Conunerce. The Clubs suites contain smoking, library aed reading rooms, billiard and 1)001 finest character. The head offices of the Weyerhaeuser thiTher and west are here, and many prominent Tacoma business which was completed in 1912. TACOMA'S NEW SKY LINE, LOOKING FROM THEWATERWAY CHAPTER THREE.

PIERCE COUNTY: TACOMA, MT. RAINIER-TACOMA,PUYALLUP, &c. Pierce County was named in honor of president FranklinPierce Pierce County, with a population of 121,- able water power.Cereals are successfully 000, is one of the most important inthe raised; dairying is one of the most import- in state.Its area of 1,800 square miles occu-ant industries; fruit-growing, particularly pies much of the upper reaches of Puget small fruits, such as strawberries, raspber- Sound, taking in the Rainier National Parkries, blackberries, cherries, etc., is very prof- and Mount Rainier-Tacoma, 14,526 feet above itable and is engaging a great deal of at- sea level, covered with eternal snow, an end-tention.Fish are caught in quantities and less scene of majestic grandeur, giving the shippedto eastern markets,butPierce county a greater variety of elevations andCounty's greatest natural wealth is in its inure beautiful and startling scenery than vast forests.In addition to these natural re- any other county in the United States.It sources, Pierce County's commercialindus- has about 125 miles of salt-water shoretries are so great as to place it in the front lands, with innumerable bays and inlets andrank of counties in the Northwest. The several important islands.Its central part county is a network of transcontinentalrail- is one great coal field, covered with forests roads centering in Tacoma, which with the producing annually about 1,000,000 tons of steamboat traffic on the Sound, gives the coal.Its rivers possess almost immeasur- county splendid traffic facilities. TACOMA "The City of Destiny The city of Tacoma was given the name by which the Indians knew the GreatMountain Fortunate is the stranger, if perchance hisance, and nearer the tall chimneyof "The first entrance to the beautiful City of Ta-Smelter." From the Smelter to the left are coma be by her waterway upon Puget Sound.manufacturing plants, of a diversified na- As the steamer swiftly glides towards portture, covering several miles of waterfront, a wide spreading crescent of shore line iswith great railroad piers, forming a centre seen with many columns of smoke from busy of the bow.Beyond these immense ship- mills and manufactories dividing the hori-ping piers is the Puyallup River, and more zon, giving the pleasing impression of greatharbor shore and lumber mills.Between human activity as well as enhancing the at-these shores is Commencement Bay,Ta- tractiveness of the scenery.At the extremecoma's land-locked deep-water harbor, con- distance upon the right is bold Point Defi- taining nine square miles and supplemented

Pu get Sound and Western Washington

LOOKING SOU TI-I ON PACIFIC AVENUE, TACOMA Pacific Avenue is the main business artery of the cityIt continues its length far beyond the city limits

LOOKING UP ELEVENTH STREET. TACOMA Eleventh is a principal c ass-town street, upon which the cable cars operate, leading pastthe Pietce County Court Eouse, to a wide residential section. rAcOMAs CFI FIIRAFED STADIUM AND HIGH SCHOOL I spectaoihartracks.feetoriginally above a thes It WasThe stnduu to fliittlrI H eople.f TheTneonta. HighJune. School 1910 is byone a-menade, ofgreat the popularfinest all built in celebration. the of Unireinforcednearly V acresconcrete. has u field of 3 6-10 tote- It was built by potitllarsuhscripri! F--sLo-c al H- - as beet, the svjulti.uring$2S,0O there is There ii reeneandab tlurtyoneofa_se Severalnterliauits ball tiers diamond. ofn ttibkraisingse.c f.,.-c cv-- $2 - tioflentsrunningfift -two and was With the snow-capped mountain resplendent in the distance. T It is as Ii tpr.priatt fan ii THEtr GATEWAY pi to 1&y t u r asha sheen whenTOused TACOMA forfirst many photographed. years 42

HOTEL TACOMA The Tacoma, from all Points of viewisa of Old English Architecture Picturesque and cotnmanding landmark.It is a beautiful reproduction it has a sea frontage three hundredfeetIts situation in is unique, for while onlya stone's throw from the heart of the busy ('by, Mt. Tacoma beyond, length, overlooking Commencement Bay, with amviewof the snow-capped Itis a celebrated hostelry entertainingtourists from all parts of the world.

GREEN RIVER AT THE DAM AND INTAKE,SOURCE OF TACOMA'S NEW WATER SUPPLY The. view shows the d3m, intake aad settling oil tOn Northern Pacific Railroa5 basin of the Green River gravity system, forty-sixmiles from Tacoma, The first unit, with 60-in, pipe,snpplies 50,000.000gallons in twenty-four hours. Pu get Sound and Western Washington 43

VIEWS AT POINT DEFIANCE PARK. TACOMA Defiance Park is snrrounded I Pier and refreshment pavilion.2 Entrance to Park .3 Bear pits in the Zoo. Point upon three sides by Puget Sound, with six miles of waterfront.It contains 638 acres, much of which is preserved in its naura1 state with prinieval forests of magnificent trees.The park svlth its wonderfully beautiful features is justly a source of great pride to all Tacomans. The city has sevenother attractive public parks, atid many minor breathing spots. The Fide ity Building is a fire proof office structure at the located,The facing Fidelity the Trust Post Buildrng Office, is one of the corner of Eleventn and C Streets, and is the home of the Fidelity PROMINENT TACOMA OFFICE BUILDINGS recent fine office buildings, and also houses various daily Trust Company BankThe Perkins Building newspapers. The Perkins Building centrally II byAND 'ndrTeniniH PIERCE COUNTY COURT arriegie, the ((rt1I ex- that Here exports The city $30,010,652, 1911 One acknowl- especially That Tacoma is in but Trolleys serve the ter- That Location, and lumber, fish, Location, and lumber, The newness everywhere about Alighting from the boat and leaving Alighting from the Nearing the landing one sees the homes landing one sees Nearing the The city is located upon a peninsula, Point The business man will be pleased to learn The pleasure seeker and tourist will like by five square miles of anchorage on Quar- miles of anchorage by five square waters. Harbor's adjoining termaster upon the ter- tier above tier of the people and the the city high school raced streets, by the new these quickly followed Stadium, towards the businesa sky line of tall blocks center. quickly gets into the the dock behind, one found about Pacific Ave- bustle always to be some looming well into are fine buildings, impressive because the clouds, with others nue, the principal business street. nue, the principal of their solid appearance. that, indeed, this is edges without dissent What has forced the "The City of Destiny." what is causing her to city's advancement, forge ahead? all wheatsail and rail transportationand And that follows in the wake of these lines. not then the business men of Tacoma are slow in improving opportunities. end Defiance being the bluff at the extreme tiful Point Defiance Park, and broadening water back to the body of mainland, with of upon two sides with the natural beauties nature this implies. ritory well. cities and towns through Tacoma amounted to of the promontory, and containing the beau- of the promontory, and containing the the residence streets is refreshing. for that Tacoma is a market and metropolis lesser a wide extent of territory, and many pro- and imports $24,403,065. That the wood the ducts were valued at over $10,000,000, house cereal products at $10,000,000, packing products over $5,000,000. re- the central point for construction and pair of railway equipment, with $15,000,000 invested in plants. That the city's 420 mann- quarters of a million, paid to 10,000 em- ployes, had a total output of $53,000,000, and that these manufactories are rapidly panding and growing in number. banks are strong and adequate to handle to know that Tacoma is particularly conve- factories, with a monthly payroll of three- the finances for these great industries. nient as a starting point for excursions into surrounding country, from here he may take the train to the won- derful old mountainThe Mountain that was God" of the Indian. Pu get Sound and Western Washington Western Sound and Pu get \ I i: i.PT1T

% ¶1 Pacific Avenue, Tacoma \ I Missouri River-231 feet hign. LI k.' \ L I I P I I I I J ff! 1 1 L JI iLI I ,: ii / NATIONAL REALTY BUILDING 46 W 1W 11,/ill! %\ i\. III II The National Realty is the tallest building west of the

48 Pu gel Sound and Weslern Washinglon

ENTRANCE TO NATIONAL PARK NATIONAL PARK INN RAINIER NATIONAL PARK Mount Rainier National Park is 18 milesthe center of the park, but the reservation square, with an area of 207,360 acres, and includessubstantiallythe wholeofthe lies wholly within the Rainier National For.mountain proper, with its wonderful glacial est. The National Forest is situated mainly insystem, which is said to be the largest radi- Pierce, Lewis, Skamania and Yakima coun-ating from any single peak in the world. ties and covers an area of two and a quarter The park is under the exclusive control million acres.Itstands in the greatestof the Secretary of the Interior. stretch of primeval forest in the United Mount Rainier is situated apart from and States.The summit of Mount Rainier isto the west of the main range of the Cas- about one and one-half miles southwest ofcades.The entire area of 324 square miles

ON INDIAN HENRY TRAIL. MT. RAINIER NATIONAL PARK Indian Henry Hueting Ground, near Paradise Valley, was a favorite resort of the Klickitat Indians, and got its name from the factThe saddle ponies are selected for their climbing abilities and are hardy mountaineers. Pu get Sound and Western Washington 49

MT. RAINIER-TACOMA FROM KAUTZ FORK In brief openings of the woodlands, where brawling stream leaps over asteep and rocky bed, are rare and beautiful glimpses of the great mountain." included within the boundary of the parkerous open slopes and valleyswhich are is very rough and mountainous.The sum-covered with luxuriant growths of grasses, mit of Mount Rainier is 14,526 feet in alti-sedge, and towering plants.These parks tude. The lower valleys of the Carbon andare diversified by growthsof alpine fir and Nisqually Rivers are not more than2,000 hemlock and by many small lakes and run- feet above sea level, but the general eleva-ning streams. They present a pleasing con- tion of the park exceeds 4,000 feet. Al- trast to the snow fields and rugged peaksby though there islittle rain or snow fromwhich they are surrounded, and aregreatly July 1 to the middle of September, the pre-admired by visitors.Paradise Valley is the cipitation during the remainder of the yearmost frequented of the many parks.The is very great.The season of tourist travelGovernment road running through this park is confined largely to June, July, August, and for some distance beyond the Campof September, and the first part of October,the Clouds makes it easily accessiblefor although parties of tourists enter the parktourists.Near Paradise Valley and at the for snowshoeing and winter sports.During headwaters of Tahoma Fork is Indian Hen- the winter months the Government roadis ry's Hunting Ground, so named fromthe kept open for sleighs as far asLongmire circumstance that it was formerly thefa- Springs. vorite resort of a small band of Klickitat The summit of Mount Rainier is accessi-Indians. Grand Park, between the mainand ble from Camp of the Clouds in Paradisewest forks of White River, is oneof the Valley, and from St. Elmo Pass, betweenlargest and most beautiful of these open the White and Emmons Glaciers.The dif- tracts.At the altitude of 6,000 feet it is an ficulty of the ascent depends largely uponalmost level grassy plateau, the greater part of which is entirely without timber.Moraine the condition of the snow fields, which vary and the from year to year.It is dangerous andPark, between the Sluiskin Range should not be attempted unless the partyCarbon Glacier, is a small and veryattract- is accompanied by an official guide. ive mountain valley. A natural stonebridge Between and below the glaciers are num- has recently been discovered nearthe west MT. RAINIER. TACOMA FROM RICKSECKERPOINT AND PARADISE VALLEY Ricksecker Point was so named in honor ofthe engineer, under whose direction the Government structed. Paradise Valley derives itsname from the great variety of beautiful wild flowers, road was con- in profusion some thrusting their blossomsthrough perpetual snow. everywhere growing branch of the White River. The span ofdistrict are the Paradise Valley Trail,6½ the bridge measures 150 feet and is200 feet miles in length, and the Indian Henry Trail, from the floor of the ravine which it crosses. 6½ miles in length. There are alsorough In Indian Henry's Hunting Grounda water.trails up the Tahoma and Kautz Forks, fall with a sheer drop ofover 200 feet waswhich enter Indian Henry's Hunting Ground discovered during the monthof August,6 miles from the Government road. 1911, and named Pearl Falls. A trail 3 miles in length was constructed duringthe The forest in the lower valley isof theseason of 1910 to the open parks near the type characteristic of western Washington summit of Eagle Peak.In the Carbon and and Oregon. The predominant treesare theWhite River districts there are three trunk Douglas fir, hemlock, white fir, andcedar. trails with their several branches. From 4,000 feet to snow line theforest is During the season of 1911, 10,006 visitors distinctly alpine, and consists ofmountainentered the park by way of the Government hemlock, alpine fir, and Alaskacedar. road.Of this number 4,600 were transient The Government road in the parkwas visitors and 5,406 remained three daysor opened for travel to the Camp of theClouds more. Three hundred visitors entered the in Paradise Valley, a distance of 20'/2 miles park by way of Fairfax, 200 beingcampers from the park entrance, late inthe summerwho remained three days or of 1910.During the season of 1911 more.The con- total number of visitors known to haveen- struction above Narada Falls was continued.tered the park during the season is 10,350 The western entrance to the parkis ap- Of the number 4,169 traveled bystage, 5,110 propriately marked by an archwaycon- by automobile, 410 by wagon, 115 by structed of heavy cedar logs 22 feet motor- wide, cycle, 455 on foot, 20 by bicycle, and 27on 24 feet high, and from thecenter a hewnhorseback. The summit of Mount Rainier log three feet in diameter issuspended bywas reached by 208 persons in 1911. The heavy chains on which is roughly cut andregister, which is kept in a steel boxon the burned, "Mt. Rainier National Park." summit, at the end of the season of 1911 The principal trails in the Nisqually Rivershowed the names of 1,012persons who Pu get Sound and Western Washington 51

GROUP OF TOURISTS AT NISQUALLY GLACIER. MT. RAINIER NATIONALPARK Nisqually Glacier is a wall of ice nearly 150 feet high and 2O feet wide, its source beingnearly five miles distant at the base of Gibraltar Rock. its extreme breadth being nearly one mile.Its movement on warm days is about eighteen inches each tweaty-four hours. have been successful in making the ascent. building located at Longmire Springs, is 125 Wild animals are becoming more numer- feet long by 32 feet wide, contains 36 rooms, ous in the park each year.In the water-and by using 86 tents in connectionwill shedsofPuyallup, Mowich, and Carbonaccommodate 225guests.The Longmire Rivers deer, bear, grouse,and ptarmiganHotel, at Longmire Springs, is a small frame are found in abundance, and on the higherbuilding with 12 rooms. Tents are used in ridges a great many mountain goat have connection.At Paradise Valley, a distance been seen. of 6% miles by trail and 14 miles by road The Longmire mineral springs are wellfrom Longmire Springs, a tent camp of60 known and are noted for their curative pow- tents is maintained which is run at itsfull and ers.Bathhouses have been built and at-capacity during the months of July tendants are employed during the touristAugust. At Indian Henry's Hunting Ground, a season. distance of 6½ miles by trail from Longmire The National Park Inn is a three-storySprings, there is a camp with fifteen tents. PUYALLUP Puyallup is an Indian word signifying' under the shadow," Puyallup is beautifully situated, lying azeus by precept and example arebidding few miles up valley from the sea, under the farmers of all other sections to get in line shadow of the great mountain.The greatfor the great opportunities which are open fertility of the soil of the Puyallup valleyto them in all Western Washington.Ex- was soon well known to the first settlers of periments in agriculture, county fairs, meet- the Northwest, and this city early became aings of the Grange, courses of lecturesand prosperous centre of population. The enter- terms for study of agricultureareestab- prising spirit of the first citizens of the Puy-lished and encouraged. allup valley has continued to thepresent The city is a model town in which to live, time unabated.Leading in many kinds ofwith ten churches, fine schools, many fra- agricultural pursuits, especially in the dairy,ternal organizations, with four railwaysand truck and berry raising branches, her citi- twoelectriclinesfurnishingtrausporta cJN)

ctqcI THE PUYALLUP VALLEY FAIR GROUNDSLookrng towards the Graed Stand

The Valley Fair Association is composed of farmers Western Washington, each year take adva THE PUYALLUP VALLEY FA who annually h ntageIR GROUNDSL typkn f the p'pu1u ountry rking exhibitions from Grandfairs. for Stand educational towards Euhibit and social Buildings. advancement. So very successful are they that large gatherings of people from over Pu gel Sound and Wcslcrn Wasliinglon 53

THE PRINCIPAL BUSINESS STREET, PUPALLUP, PIERCE COUNTY 'I' he iiiai a sheet inI u y aim p has a prosperous appearance and pi oclai ins the fact lii at the city is tl e center of a tin icing coniinii Ititi Two banks and many liii go net cantile concc,i us ate upon tile Street, and in the southern paiL of the cits , on lOin street lire the fair C Oi tids. lion.While there are not many very richcentre of large saw milling, farming and People there are no very poor people iii the mining industries. city.A welcome always awaits the honest Buckley is a town of about 2,100 inhabi- and industrious newcomer tants located in the central part of the north- SUMNER ern section of the county on the Northern Sumner litis a population of I 650.It isPacific railway.The chief industries are picturesquely situated in thevalley threelumber and shingle mills, boot and shoe fac- miles front Puyallup, with the business in-lory, creantery and berry and hop growing. terests01' whose people tileinterestso There is good coal near the town and excel- Sumner's citizens are closely allied.It islent clay for brick and tile manufacture. the first in importance in the Puyallup v.tl-There are several churches, good schools, a icy as a dairying centre, the most notedPublic library, electric lighting and water herds of the valley being o\vned here. Largesystems and nunlerous stoles. fields are devoted to the cultureof'rasp- Orting is a town of about 800 people, on berries and blackberries.Of orchard fruits: the line of the Northern Pacific railway, sit- apples, pears and cherries, Sumner is alsa auated in a fertile valley and is a market for producer and shipperSumner is the oldestdairy, garden and orchard products The town in the valley, its settlement antedat statesoldiers' honteislocated near the ing that of Puyallup by seven years, the first town The town has electric lights and a settlers arriving in the fall of 1852.The water system. city has an excellent school system, several Steilacoom, a small incorporated town 01' churches and is particularly attractive as aabout 500 people, twelve miles southwest place of residence.It is advantageously sit.front Tacoma on the shores of' Puget Sound, uated between the cities of Seattle and Ta- isdelightfully located with a magnificent coma and was recently selected by a largeview of the islands of the Sound and the corporation as the town most suitable in Olympic mountains.The Western \Vashing- which to erect a branch manufactory. ton Insane Asylum is near the town.There Buckley. with a population of 1,500, is the are two churches, good public schools and 54

a -- '4 P0 gelSoundandWesternWashing/on .LJ - Ilipim - ______I m-.-__ P - lp OWERS ASSOCIATIONS ENLAR ILnd are controlledb'themining conlpanv. and alltheimportantinterests ofthetown a populationofabout1,400. of timberintheimmediatevicinity. There arestonequarriesand avastamount the employofcoalminingcompany. has apopulationofabout1,000,mostlyin the lineofNorthernPacificrailway. gives thefarmersaccesstoTacomamarkets. the is county onaninletofPugetSound. cated intheextremewesternportionof lumber andshinglesarethechiefindustries. heavily timberedandthemanufactureof from Electron.Thesurroundingcountryis line oftheTacomaEasternrailwaynotfar ticularly adaptedtostockraising. the vicinity. shingle millandseveralloggingcampsin timbered districtandtherearethreemills, the county. railway nearthesouthernboundarylineof cated onthelineofTacomaEastern offered inTacomaforalltheproduceraised. principal industries,andareadymarketis general farmingandpoultryraisingarethe tion withthelatterbytrolleycar. south ofTacomaandhavingcommunica- soil andclimaticconditionsareexcellent. agricultural andfruitgrowingcountrysur- ping distanceofTacoma. line ofPugetSoundandwithineasyship- the Sound. the mostpleasantsummeroutingplaceson harbor facilitiesareofferedanditisoneof and ofthesurroundingdistrict. ing arethechiefindustriesofvillage ing, fishing,poultryraisingandfruitgrow- tation facilities. daily toTacomafurnishexcellenttranspor- try aroundit. with ahighlydevelopedandproductivecoun- ing theexpenditureoflargesumsannually of thelargeststateinstitutionsrequir- $46 eherrk crat, tl)1IeS. niI cann rounding theplace,forwhichindustries for itsmaintenance. sea bathinginsitution. medical springs,withalargesanitariumand

Carbonado isacoalmining point having Wilkeson isacoalminingpointlocatedon Longbranch isavillageof300peoplelo- Kapowsin isasmalltownlocatedonthe ning estnblhthment has been great Elbe isavillageofabout300peoplelo- t Spanaway isavillagelocatedfewmiles Rosedale isavillageloactedontheshore Gig Harborisatownofabout650people a fineagriculturaldistrictsurrounding village and regularsteamerservice It issurroundedbyaheavily The loggedofflandsarepar- Steamers makingroundtrips ;;* Boat building,brickmak- The asylumisone There isafine The townsite Dairying, Splendid There It Pu get Sound and Western Washington 55

PUYALLUP VALLEY RASPBERRY FIELDS A small berry tract, a cotiple of acres, brings a comfortable incomea lerge tract, eight to ten acres, brings affluencewith but a few weeks of really busy labor

YOUNG BERRY PICKERS AT SUMNER Showing that the young people of the Puyallup Valley are able to earn a helpful dollar at a healthful and useful occupation. SUMNER, PIERCE COUNTY Is next to Puyallup in importance as a town in the Puvallup Valley, a ceuter of the berry culture and a rich agricultural region, beautifully situated and an ideal home town.

LOADING BERRIES INTO AN EXPRESS CAR AT SUMNER The fruit growers of the Puyallup Valley have solved the problems of marketing and transporting their berries. through the co-operative association, enabling the growers to secure profitable returns, and also preventing waste through extensive canning facilities. PARK AND BOULEVARD SCENES, SEATTLE There are thirty seven improved and uninmi,roved parks in Greater Seattle to-day, coniprising 1267 acres. There are Ii fteen miles of boulevards.Ti mere arc t a-dye falls eqs ipped play grounds, and twi neighborhood recre ati )n 1 mimildin mc, fit the use (if the children. The cost to tie people 1 as been 64464,8 O hemm1es which mu anvert vmml uabie tracts have been donated by patriotic citizenS'kim favorable topography, beautiful scenery in all rlmrectionsnd time los,ml support of the citizens have enabled the Park Board to construct a Park and Bouievamd system ot surpass- ing scope and giandeur. it ii 45A SECFION OF ThE SEATTLE WA - TERuu'l',,itie. FRONI 'l'lie new Lake Wash ii gtuutt cititol svill ill rcl neaiIt tu' ititles ii streetsmttIac,ilitii it 'Fur present trieritt1 trltttte.puI early I 1 tI e 'el' ,lu cc 1 nhlles - tt lest puntst 'bettiter 1stui slit t c,f tie tilt Ise\te turrtiii its g tIe 1 1 it un l,s. tit ii situ re ietllI\iii] the11 ii] miles i lie ipon'proaclormiles, tiwc1ev- wrh'tbut 3 1-2 mi- 1ietiten1 for dockshore; the-Wftb [' sky-scm ' watcr I- ii] rulettsiltgproject wilalit] add betweenfacilities. eigh attra(tive t titti] nine ii ile', i thet cit lustily stri, lures Ibtung tite 'f tIck 51 late itttikttiit a SIWASiI NDAN WAPE WELLERA cl-errSEAT 1I_E

SEATTLE INDIAN CELEBRITIES 1 Seattle, Indian Chief after whom the city was named.2 Group of Indians selling their wares upon the streets of Seattle3 Princess Angeline, daughter of Chief Seattle CHAPTER FOUR.

KING COUNTY: SEATTLE, RENTON, KENT, AUBURN, &c. King County was named in honor of Vice President W R King. King County is an empire in itself, stretch- clay and other soils adapted to fruit culture. ing from the shores of Puget Sound to theIts mining industries include gold, silver, peaks of the Cascade Mountains, and con-lead, copper, antimony, arsenic, and also taining more than 2,000 square miles of ter-iron, asbestos, fireclays,kaolin,granite, ritory.It also includes the island of Vash-sandstones, lime ledges, and others. Its on. Its lumber industry is immense.Its fishing industries give employment toa agricultural lands include alluvial deposits in large number of men.Its power capacity, its river bottoms, and great areas of shot in addition to wood and coal, includes great

THE LEADING EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE STATE-UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON The Universiiyof Washingtonwas'founded in 1861.It is supported mainly by legislative appropriation. The whools are liberal arts, engineering, mining, law, pharmacy, forestry, highway construction, household science and journalism. About 40 to 45 per cent of the students are women. The University is richly endowed with business property inSeattle and timber and agricultural lands in various parts of the State. -II,.

1_I_I.--'4 4' .._tiitu'1ir ijit1i

PIONEER PLACE. SEATTLE Pioneer Place is an old historic landmark. Here the first settlers had their shops and saw mills, their homes being all nearby. From Pioneer Place radiate many of the oldest streets of the City: Cherry and James Streets, Yesler Way and First and Occidental AvenuesThe totem pole is located Upon the triangular grass plot

EAST SIDE OF SECOND AVENUE, SEATTLE This view shows a section of SecondAvenue, the 'prominent retail shoppingdistrict between Spring Street and the Alaska Building at Cherry Street. Puget Sound and Western Washington 61

SEATTLE'S NEW PASSENGER STATION Used by the Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigatioti Co. and Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sotind Railwat falls and rapids and many large streamsplains, forests, and grassy fields combine which are already harnessed, in part andand interlace in a thousand directions.In driving vast quantities of machinery, Kingaddition to its salt waterways, with 75 miles County possesses one-fifth of the populationof shore lands, and its navigable fresh wat- of the state, 284,638, has more than one-er lakes, there are centering in the county quarter in value of taxable property, andseveral transcontinental lines of railroads, pays one-fourth of all taxes collected withinbesides electric lines, making a network of the state borders.In scenery, it is unsur- inter-communication between allparts of passed.Vast ranges of mountains, sheetsKing County and reaching out into adjoin- of fresh and salt water, rivers,hillsand ing counties. SEATTLE The Queen City." Seattle was named after Chief Seattle, who held sway over the natives at the time of the first settlement of the territory, and who was long a friend of the whites, There is but one Seattle!The city isand the populace must trave' for all time to unique in many things.Her development come.While the same spirit of enterprise from a pioneer town on the wooded shore ofpervadesWestern Washington, andthe an inland sea to the great modern city, theNorthwest, nowhere else is there the same metropolis of the Pacific Northwest, is with- measure of accomplishment!The last five out parallel.Her location upon Elliott Ba years has, perhaps, been the period of the with three fresh water lakes within her lim most apparent changes.In that time the its, gives her a picturesque water setting,business centre, previously confined to a with scenic hon-te and boulevard possibilities, few blocks in the vicinity of Pioneer Square, already creditablyutilized, nowhereelse has expanded a mile north and a mile south equalled.In no other city of the Northwestof that historic spot.Hills have been lev- are the streets and thoroughfares so gener-eled, tide fiats filled, new streets laid there- ously planned for a great increase in popu-on, and throughout the city new thorough- lation; nowhere have the hills been so gen-fares have been paved and brilliantly light- erally removed from the grades that trade ed. Massive businessblocks have been reared in all directionsHome sections of the city have kept pace with the business portion.The hills and valleys have been terraced and inclined paths and walks con- structed,givingartisticsurroundingsto thousands of dwellings of the people.In common with other favored cities on the sound, Seattle is situated so that her peo- ple may enjoy the surrounding scenic won- ders.The Olympics, the Cascades, and Mt Rainier-Tacoma areallvisiblefrom the doors and hillsides.Added to these are the beautiful views of Lake Washington, Lake Union and Green Lake, all adding charm to the nearby scenery. As a modern city Seattleisaleader There are many cities in our country, with five times the population of Seattle, which have not half the attributes ofgreatness characterizing this Pacific Metropolis. The occupations and callingsof thebusiness men reach over the state, the Northwest, to Alaska and the Orient.Commerce, fishing, mining, the great lumber industries and ag- riculture development concerns are directed from Seattle.Therefore it follows that Se- attle is progressive.There are over 270 churches and religious societies worshipping in the city and there were twenty-five new religious edfices under construction at one time in 1911.The educational facilities run from the University of Washington, with over 2,200 students, down to small private schools, but the city is most noted for the high standard of the public school system, upon which there is $2,000,000 expended an- nually.Clubs of every kind abound. There are 200 popular hotels, and 300 rooming houses and small hotels, all coming under state inspection laws, capable of caring for from 30,000 to 40,000 guests. Thereare many large theatres, and smaller places of amusement are very numerous.A great and efficient street railway system covers the city and the suburbs, with subsidiary lines connecting with the cities upon the north and south.With a death rate of but 9.46 to one thousand, Seattle enjoys the dis- tinction of being the healthiest city in the Union. The last U. S. census gave the population THE FAMOUS SEATTLE TOTEM POLE of Seattle as 237,194, that being a gain of The Totem Pole stands upon Pioneer Place, in the 194 per cent in the previous decade.The oldest part of SeattleIt is a cedar pole sixty feet high, one of the finest specimens of totems in existence, and immense railroad systems, the Northern Pa- is a striking feature standing upon the triangular grass p1 )t.Each figure carved upon it has a genealogical cific, the Great Northern, the Chicago, Mil- meaning well understood by native AlaskansIt was waukee & Puget Sound, the Oregon-Wash- bmught to Seattle in 1897 from Tongas Island, where it is said to have stood for over one hundred years, ingtonRailroad & NavigationCo,the Pu get Sound and Western Washington

NEW SWEDISH TABERNACLE, PIKE STREET AND BELLEVUE AVENUE This new church, the pride of Swedish l)SOP1C of Seattle, cost with the site125,OOO. It is a handsome substantial structure with a circular seated auditorium of modern syte.The church has a lat ge mombership

THE NEW PLYMOUTH CHURCH. SIXTH AVENUE AND UNIVERSITY STREET Here an old religious society has a new and modern home, an institutional clmmmrcli, whose edifice and grounds cost 3UOOOThe building has five floors and seventy rooms; the auditeriuni seats 1,400Theme is a gymnasitim. tnanuahtraining looms, a banquet hail, and kitchen equipment. 64 Pu gel Sound and Weslern Washington

THE NEW WASHINGTON Seattle's Leading Hotel Pu get Sound and Western Washington

SAINT JAMES CATHEDRAL Saint James Cathedral, Roman Catholic, is the finest temple for religious worship in the State of Washington.The corner stone was laid in 1905 and it was dedicated in 1907.The towers are 175 feet high. The organ is one of the finest in the country. The seating capacity is 1400 and its cost was more than a half million dollars.Its elevated situation, mass- ive walls and loft\ toweis make it a truly emblematic structure inspiring to all.

NEW PROVIDENCE HOSPITAL. SEATTLE The new Providence hospital is a fire-proof structure of concrete and brick.It is six stories high, is 306 feet long and has three wings. There are accoinniodations for 300 patients. The hospital is conducted by the Sisters of Charity, b5 whom it ivan organized in 1876. 66

I LLL

KING STREET PASSENGER STATION The depot is used for trains of the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific, the CanadianPacitc and Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy railroads.Sixty-two passenger trains arrive or leave daily. The beautiful tower of the depot is designed after the Canipanile in Venice, is 240 feet high, and containsan illuminated electric clock. (

otherjnrgethe Old modernWashington bufldings Hotel erecte,!withSeeond n Portion Avenue of i the SECOND AVENUE.the pHudpal FROM retail and fa lie hionegraded ablesurrounding business street.YESLER streetbuildings WAY of the removed. city. The second shows Second Avenue after Its walks are daily thronged with a cosmopolitan people. REGRADE CHANGES UPPER SECOND AVENUE the bill was removed, with the New Washington and 'I'he upper regrade picture shows 68 Puge Sound and Western Washington

SEATTLE PUBLIC LIBRARY The Public Library is at Fourth Avenue and MadisonStreet. occupying a block. Carnegie giving $220,000, the City adding $100,000. It originally cost $3211000, Mr. city, and more than ninety people are upon the libraryThere staff. are six b anch libraries located in differenc parts of the

THE SEATTLE POST OFFICE BUILDING occupies a corner block at Union Street and Third Avenue.It is a handsome structure and cost the Government one million dollars. The first floor is devoted to the postal service. On the secondfloor are the court rooms of the U. S. District and Circuit Courts. The third isoccupied by the Custom House Service.'I'he City Postal Service also includes fifty-five stations, and there are t9l letter carriersemployed Pu get Sound and Western Washington 69

THE MINNESOTA from Pacific ports ann the largest steamer in The Hinnesota is the largest freight and passenger steamer sailing liach single the world firing the American flag.She is engaged in commercehetween Seattle and the Orient. cargo hroutiht into Seattle aggregates. iii value, several immillionsof liars.

THE GREAT NORTHERN DOCKS At these mlocks the mmiaestic Minnesota and other great steammmshipswhich run between Seattle and Japan, China anti other Trans-Pacific countries load and unload their immense cargoes.The docks are located at Smith's Cove, lying between Oueen Anne Hill and Magnolia Bluff THE NEW WHITE AND HENRY BUILDINGS The White and Henry buildings are sections of six blocks of modern buildings being erected in the re- graded University tractat Fourth Ave., Union and University Streets Together they contain nearly500 officerooms,stores andbanking rooms.The Grandin building will join the Henry building upon the corner of University Street and Fourth Avenue.The buildings are of most enduring character.

4

THE NEW COBB BUILDING

The Cobb Building, recently erected, is a 'specialized'' buiding, having been designed for andnow being occupied solely by the members of the medical and dental professions, and speia1 classes of business allied with, or furnishing supplies foruse in those professions.

ifR

NEW OFFICE BUILDINGS IN SEATTLES NEW BUSINESSCENTER The high standard in architecture established by structures, in the new business center of Seattle. the Metropolitan Building Company in tbe erection of its modern office higher class of buildings to be erected. has influenced all recent business structures throughout the city,causinga Within the past five years there has been built up in Seattle in making he new business center and marking a new sky line the section between University andTHE Stewart NEW streetsBUSINESS and CENTER IN SEATTLE against the waters of the Sound and the western First and Sixth avenues all the lofty structures shown horizon, above Pu gel Sound and Western Washington

The Seattle Conatroetion and Dry Dock Company's Works.

A Model Flouring Plant of Great Capacity.

The Denny-Renton Sewer Pipe and Terra Cotta Factoriesat VanAsselt. TYPICAL SEATTLE MANUFACTORIES I I II \E\ a\lIII IL II wit! be the tallest bulliling In the the new L. C. Smitn 12-storyofflee building at Second Avenue md Vesler Way t'fflcc stnicturc existing. world outside of New York.it will be unsurpassed in heanty and clitatily of finish by any wttl twenty-nile stories In the main builtliitg and tile 551114, number In thetower. inclusive of those in the lopiflg of Wsshingtongranite. Above the tin;ttwo storiesthe eflerlur. whtte viol. The exterior of therst two stories '-'he ib ry.fUcn hc m- i'fll be nlsited i:. ?ashlngton irlaxed terracotta with ciriia-ientatic r.. md tower of il-s same. dir n-er bee-re ft. and will be reserved fir ooservr.d:.ii lurøuses. g-vi.i sigheeit vi:er r-.nxe nan - er ¶s'here will besix llunc±red n1t,eronmSin toe tulJi nt.i btgh-st)eetl -i the City nndPuei Sound country. it is being erected In fat&llment of plan rIevaTnrSThe tiist. approximately. ii one and '-me-half milton dollars. &pi the latch. C. Smith, of Syracuse. N. Y. 74 Pu get Sound and Western Washington

THE DEXTER HORTON NATIONAL BANKTHE OLDESTBANKING INSTITUTION IN THE STATE The main 1-loor of the New York Building is Trust & Savings Bank. occu pied by the Dexter Horton National Bank and Washington Bank is the oldest bank inIt theforms State, the having largest been banking quarters on the Pacific Coast. TheDexter Horton National that of the City of Seattle. founded by Dexter Horton in 1870. and its life is coexistent with With its associated institution, it is now the largest andmost completely equipped banking institution in the Pacific Northwest and itscombined resiitirces aggregate nearly twenty millions of rlollars.

THE NEW METROPOLITAN THEATRE The Metropolitan is Seattle aI neat faahionahte thealre the Italian Renaissance in arcllitectnre It is on Union street. upon the University tract.It is of giving acoustic and Cistlal l)erfectio The ainlilorium is oval or egg shape, with the small endto Ihe stage, thus , The facade is the finest piece of brick lnasonrvin the City.It seats 1600. 75 Pu get Sound and Western Washington Western Sound and Pu get r r I P I - 76

NEW FRANKLIN HIGH SCHOOL Seattle's latest high school is a $400000 sirtictitre. 180x250 feet. with threestories and basement, containing Sixty rooms. There is a grand assembly room upon the west side of the building, 72x9, feet, tim the dome, its location being indicated by the corinthian pillars. The reaching from the main floor that portion of the city about Mt. Baker Park dislrict where it is located.new building is ti, accommodate scholars in

THE SEATTLE LABOR TEMPLE Members of Seattle labor unions, under corporate laws and thename of the Seattle Labor Temple Association. erected this subta tial building, in 1905, thst organizeJ labor might havea permanent and dignified home and headcmimarter;.There are fifteen halls, one suitable fr banquets and simil'ir purposes, and nine business offices in the bqmld,ng, which with its Site is valued at $75.00o,It is at the corner of University Street amid Sixth avenue. fromdwell thousandsI ngs with of s'mething other.\ home in the Nor thcattle Broadwayof theirhomei. immediate district. surroundings they give little c 2 A home on Queen Anne oncepilonME1-hill. SEATTLE RESIDENCE 3 Homes upon Capito of the mnguitieen t scenery1 Hill. visible from them, in common with the delightful scenery visible 4 A home at the Denny.Blaine Park. W 'ile these views show fine the city.canal will join lake and sound. s Lake Union, which is about Eastlake Avenue courses y one-halfof thebridge lake to in in the de, liesandUNION entirely Westlake IN within Avenue the limits follows of Seattle.the shore its seen southern across end the beingwater, at with the thegeograohical Fremont district, heart of where SEATTLE tiThe view is one fro lie within Greater luke \Vachin mton, a residentiala Seattle.beautiful bodysection of LO OKINGlooking ACROSwater inland 28 miles I ongS LAKEover by 2 tile toWASHINGTON 2 forests 1-2 miles of Kingwide, FROM County,gives MT. Seattle andBAKER ashows double PA abe adlandwaterRK DISTRICT, front. of Macer with SEATrLE finestIsland of at water.the woodlandright. The andwhole mcuntain lake may scenery. be said 80

VIEWS AT FORT LAWTON 1 Morning Drill.2 The Regimental Band.3 The Hospital showing the stin parlor.4 Officers' Homes. Fort Lawton is the U. S. Army Post and Regimental Headquarters, located on Magnolia Bluff, over-looking Puget Sound. The reservation contains six hundred and five acresIt wasfpurchased with a fund raised by subscription among the people of Seattle. Canadian Pacific, and the Burlington sys-gether the city's ocean commerce for the tern, which routes trains overtheGreatyear 1911, including foreign and domestic Northern and Northern Pacific; spread outexports and imports, reached the enormous like a fan north, east and south, connecting total of $109,276,290. Twenty lines of inland Seattle with every part of the United States.water routes are covered between Vancou- There are ten different steamship companiesver and Victoria to the north, and Tacoma operating lines to the Orient, the Hawaiianand Olympia to the south, stopping at two Islands, South America, the Atlantic U. S. hundred landings daily, with Seattle as their ports and to Europe, with twolinesto terminalpoint. Therearetwenty-three Alaska out of Seattle. A large number ofbanks in Seattle, with a stock valuation of sailing craft, steamers and steam schooners, $7,655,000. The clearingsfor1911 were for charter, are engaged in carrying freight, $552,640,350.21. principally lumber, grain and flour.Alto-

Looking acruns Magnolia Bluff. Seattle, and the Sound to the Olympic Mountains Pu get Sound and Western WasMngton

RENTON Renton is a city of 3,000 population located at the foot of Lake Washington, ten miles from Seattle.It is reached by the Northern Pacific, the Oregon-Washington and the Clii- cago, Milwaukee and Puget Sound railroads, while two electric roads give frequent con- nection with Seattle and Tacoma. Renton is 00 already an important industrial and manu- lacturing center. Two coal mines employing 0 large crews are in active operation, and there is, also, a car manufacturing plant, a 3 glasswarefactory,brick and terra cotta works, and an ice plant, besides lumber and shingle mills.With the completion of the Lake Washington Canal Renton will be ac cessible to ocean-going steamers, and have unsurpassed shipping facilities for transpor- tation of products of large and small manu-

factories by water as well as by rail.The - town is supplied with good schools, has a well organized fire department, electric light and water systems.Renton is beautifully located and in addition to its factory and mining interest is surrounded by a fertile agricultural district, the products from which find a market in Seattle. AUBURN Auburn is a city of 1,100, located in the southern section of King County on the line U 0 of three railroads running between Seattle and Tacoma, and the Interurban electric line. - it is in the center of a splendid dairy and gardening district and its chief industry isthe Borden Milk Condensing factory. Brick, pottery and terra cotta works are also flourishing enterprises. The selection of Au- ' burn as the place most suitable for the erec- tion of extensive construction and repair shops for the Northern Pacific Railroad, al- 2 ready nearing completion, promises to be the most important factor to the town's recent advancement. Among the first units of these works to be finished is the new twenty-five stall round house. These works will give employment to 200 mechanics, the number of whom will be increasedfro'ai time to time in the near future. There isa palatial new high school which was . recently opened, to complete the school sys- tern,severalchurches, a publiclibrary, P water and lighting systemsbanks, news- papers, and line stores, and newly paved main streets. KENT Kent, with about 2,000 population, is 10- cated in the heart of the White River Val- 82 Pu get Sound and Western Washington

THE RENTON COAL MINES The view shows the surface buildings, rock dumps and shipping tracks. Theannual output is about 165.000 tons. three-fourths of which is consumed in Seattle, the balance goingto other Sound points.Renton coal is an excellent domestic coal, and is also used for steam purposes. From 250to 400 men are employed, the number varying with the season, There is about fifteen miles of underground track inoperation. ley, and midway between Seattle and Ta-greater number of dairy cows than any coma.It is situated on the direct line ofother like area in the United States, and all roads between these two cities and isyet dairying is in its infancy in Western the commercial center of one of the finest Washington.In Kent islocated a large agricultural and clairying sections in theplant of the Pacific Coast Condensed Milk state.Indeed, the valleys lying betweenCompany, saw mills, shingle mills and a Seattle and Tacoma are saidto have alarge number of concerns engaged in corn-

A MODEL MANUFACTORYTHE DENNY-RENTON BRICK WORKSAT RENTON, KING COUNTY The largest unit Paving Brick Works in the world. Pu gel Sound and Western Washington 83

NEW HIGH SCHOOL AT AUBURN Facing a fine newly paved thoroughfare in Auburn, in a new section of the town, is this newmodl high school building.

THE BORDEN CONDENSED MILK COMPANY'S PLANT AT AUBURN The dairymen about Auburli have a handy market in this great establish inent. of which wegive a birds-eye-view, It is situated near the center of the town, and until the coining of the "car shops," was its lare3tindnstry, 11111 IIiUiJ 1i i IiIIIUftii

Taylor s a town built up by a manufacturing corporation, TAYLOR, KING COUNTY, A DENNY- Six hundred tons of coal brick, petition tile, a ad RENTONotherare (IUY CLAVpra mined here (I ducts,ally,AND and COALconsumed CO. in TOWNthe manufacture of sewer pipe electrical conduits. Pu get Sound and Western Washington 85

BIRDS-EYE VIEW OF KENT, KING COUNTY Kent is an altractive home city and commercial center lying in the fanions \Vhite River Valley, sixteen miles from Seattle and eighteen miles from Tacoma, with fi equent service to each city

THE SQUARE, SHOWING DEPOT, KENT Phe little g i ass mdi as and Ii mw-er gardens set in the center of the city, are pleasing to travel ci5l)assiiig upon the trains, and are an attractive picttlre in the district devoted to stores and offices 86 Puge! Sound and Wes fern Washing! on

niitii!1JJ4

mercial lines.Poultry raisers find an idealcount of convenience for daily trips to the place in the vicinity of Kent, on account cities.The scenery is very attractive and of the mild winters and the great amount eachsection has its store of story and of feed which can be produced on a smalllegend to be heard from the lips of the tract.The transportation facilities of the "oldest settler," and altogether Vashon has city are excellent, by several steam andan individuality and a delightful little world electric railroads, and consequently inviteall its own. manufacturing.The citizens are especially Issaquah is a town of 750 population, on proudof thepublicschool system, andthe Northern Pacific railway.The chief in- spare neither expense or effort to keep the dustries are a coal mine, shingle mills, saw schools up to the highest standard.The mills, dairying and general farming.There town has excellent lighting and water sys- are churches, good schools, electric lights tems and is finely situated in a beautifuland water plants and a number of mer- valley. cantile establishments.The town liesin VASHON one of the most fertile valleys of the state. Vashon is a town of 675 people, located Kirkland isa town of 600 inhabitants, upon the island of the same name.There located on the east shore of Lake Wash- isa dozen little hamlets comprising theington, on the lineof the Northern Pa- township beside a goodly sprinkling of peoplecific Railway.The town is beautifully lo- throughout the island.Vashon is fourteencated opposite the cityofSeattlewith miles long with an average of three mileswhich, in addition to the railroad, it is con- wide and lies in direct line between Seattle nected by ferry. It offers fine sites for and Tacoma, the twocitiesbeingthe suburban homes for those engaged in busi- market for theislanders. Approximately ness in Seattle and also has several im- 100,000 crates of strawberries are shippedportant local industries. annually and 300 to 500 crates to the acre are common yields. Orcharding isalso Kennydale is a village of about 200 people being successfully developed, apple culture located on the shore of Lake Washington being the most prominentofthelargerthree miles from the town of Renton with fruits.A large amount of greenhouse andsteamboat connection with Seattle.There gardentruckisshipped throughout theare several logging and shingle millsin year, and there are several very exten-the vicinity and a number of people are sive greenhouses.General farming is car-engaged in fruit raising and market gar- ried on to some extent.The Vashon State dening. Bank, at Vashon village, helps the inhabi- Bothell is located at the head of Lake tants care for their finances.Vashon is a Washington and on the line of the Northern favorite place for summer homes on ac- Pacific Railway.The chief industries are Puget Sound and Western Washington 87

SCENES UPON VASHON ISLAND I A Vashon strawberry field2 Vashon berry pickers.3 Ellisport, one of the many little settlements with land- ings all along the island shores.4 Cucumbers growing in one of the extensive greenhousesVashoo, theHome of the Big Red Strawberry," lies mid way between Tacoma and Seattle on Poget Sound. lumbering, the manufacture of shingles and way.Logging camps and lumber mills fur- dairy farming. nish employment to most of the people. Ravensdale is a coal mining town locat- Black Diamond is a town of about 2,200 ed on the line of the Columbia and Pugetpeople located in the southern portion of Sound Railway.The population is aboutthe county, and on the line of the Columbia 1,000, practically all of whom are engaged & Puget Sound Railway. It is one of the in the mines. important coal mining centers of the state Prestonislocated on thelineof theand that industry furnishes the incentive Northern Pacific Railway and isa townof all the industries of the town. of about 400 inhabitants.Logging and the Newcastle is a coal mining center having manufacture of lumber and shingles are thea population of about "50 people. The town- principal industries. site belongs to the Pacific Coast Company, North Bend is a town of about 500 popu- operating the coal mines.Lumbering and lation and islocated at the terminus ofranching are industriesoftheadjacent a branch line of the Northern Pacific Rail-district.

The wind-blown snow-covered peak of Mt. Rainier." of tli ethe city and is look ny norThe fit. view sliinvs a )iirt ii in nohoinislt River, the nohonrish affordingif the a waterfrontfresh Wa at E serett. The ion g hull. liii g stretci terlog h;irl,, tnt.andHARBOR thr. a part FRONTof tile ta-n OF west THE of CITY the citysOF SMOKE- center liteharbor city k has the altogether (.reat Northern about pierforty-t ott EVERETT woUSTACKS. march milesThe ouse. of photograph water front was suitable taken for from manufacturing rising ground purposes. in the southwest part Everett is on a pen i cm lar fcrni ed dv Pu get Son ml anti GRANITE FALLS, STILLAGUAMISH RIVER, SNOHOMISL-I Co. CHAPTER FIVE.

SNOHOMISH COUNTY: EVERETT, SNOHOMISH, MONROE, EDMONDS,&c. Snohomish County and the Snohomish River were named after the tribe of indians formerly possessing the region. Snohomish County extends thirty-six miles have combined to make a soil that will en in width from the Sound to the peaks of the dure for ages and annually astonish the hus- Cascade Mountains, adjoining King County. bandman with its generosity.Upon its up- It has an area of 2,500 square miles, a popu-lands, its clay and decaying herbage have lation of about 60,000 people,andgreat Combined for ages to create a soil wonder- wealth in its natural resources.It is onefully adapted to produce grass and fruits. of the largest counties in the state, and is This county is well provided with trans- two and a half times as large as the Stateportation facilities; many steamboats ply of Rhode Island, has a mild and healthfulits salt waters and part way up the three climate, magnificent scenery, great diversity great rivers that flow into the Sound. Three of landscape, and innumerablewaterfalls. transcontinental railroads run acrossthe The forests are very extensive and but lii- western part of the county.The trunk line tle depleted.Nearly one-half of its area isof the Great Northern follows the valley of mineralized with veins oi gold, silver, cop-one river from the southeast to the coast. per, lead, nickel, iron, and other ores. Therewhile two branch lines run up twoalleys are also ledges of marble, granite and othertoward the mountains, a dozen spurs and building stones,Its general soils in its val- short logging and coal roads act as feeders leys are alluvial, and produce astonishingto the main lines, giving the towns of the crops; about the deltas of its rivers,the county access to the Sound markets, those riches of the salt water and the mount:insof the east and ports of the Pacific Ocean. EVERETT The City of Smokestacks." Everett is located upon a peninsula, theroad, of necessity, built its line down the waters of Puget Sound extending for twovalley of the Snohomish River, first reach- miles alongitswest boundary, and theing tidewater at its mouth.This location waters of the Snohomish River, the secondhaving a sheltered harbor of ample depth, largest river emptying into Puget Sound. with miles of fresh water harbor, surrounded forming its east and north boundary. In by thousands of acres of delta lands, adapted building its road from the Great Lakes toto terminal and manufacturing requirements the Pacific Coast, the Great Northern Rail-led to the building of the city at this point 90 Puget Sound and Weslern Washinglon

THE GREAT NORTHERN DEPOT AT EVERETT Thisnew station like others recently built by this company in the Puget hound Country, is of most enduring con- strtiction, as though intended for use for a thousand yearsThe new decorative spirit, manifest by flowers grow- ing about railroad stations Ii as been appropriately observed

THE CITY DOCK, EVERETT Prom this dock passengers take steam ers to the ci ties on the hound and to the sin all towns and viii ig es upin \Vhidb y and other adjacent isl attds for wI ich Everett is the c in ye rciai and ti ade centel With the Cascade Mountains forming a gloriously radiant background, festoo II of Evereit, it is not to be wondered at that theyt LOOKING EAST 0 fli!dN HEWITT 1,y the .ree11 SFR heir ci eEET, n footost EVERETT beautifullyhills of Snohomish environed County, in the Eorthwest. as seeu upon any clear day by the people 92 Puget Sound and Wcslern Washington

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THE WEYERHAEUSER LUMBER MILL, ON THE WATERFRONT AT EVERETT As the visitor nears thIandin when approaching Everett by water, he sees the great stock of manufactured lumber here shown, ready to be shipped by rail or water upon the arrival of the Great Northern Rail- and to Seattle. The city is the county seat road in [892. of Snohomish County, as well as being the In the intervening period Everett has be principal city of the county, and is the sup- come a great log market, one of the most ply point for a large community of farmers, important lumber and shinglepointsin fruit growers and dairymen. The city has a, Washington, and leads all Northwest cities public library, fine educational buildings for in the manufacturing of logging, saw and various grades of scholars, business colleges shingle mill and mining machinery; has a many churches, fraternal and club buildings pulp and paper mill, the largest wholesale beautiful private residences and many large grocery north of Seattle, strong banks and department and retailstores.An active more thanfiftymiscellaneousindustries association, The Conamercial Club, looks t other than mills. the welfare of the city and the Chamber of Where but a little more than twenty years Commerce holds itself in readiness ta act ago was an untouched forest there is today when and where requiired. an industrial modern city of 25,000 and the The city rises with graceful sweep from natural tradecenter of thousands more. the shores of Pupct Sound, with fine resi- Here ships from over the world load car- dences occupying the heights, and with vol- goes of lumber, flour, and wheat, and, fron ones of smoke belching from tall stacks her transcontinentalrailroads start thou- telling of busy scenes in the mills.\Vay sands of carloads, products of the cityabeyond the city limits, on the east, rise t e mills, to eastern points. Cascades, forming a snow-clad backgrouni The central and business thoroughfares of to the picture of the city, fringed by other the city are well paved, all streets are wide smokestacks upon the borders of the Sf0- and intended for accommodating a large homish River. Beyond the city lines are the citizenship and providing for future growth. immense evergreen forests of the foothills A system of electric street cars radiates rising to the region of perpetual snow. into northern, southern and interior towns, Puge Sound and Wcs!crn Washington

THE SNOHOMISF-1 COUNTY COURT HOUSE Al EVERETT 'l'he Cot*n 13' Court HflRNt iU ii flt flWe .Iflm .rliouK c*uwret, building located upon high groundwith a view over looking the!t and thc waters of the Sound.

THE HIGH SCHOOL, EVERETT Everett has lime htrge public schii 1 buildings which are among the best in the State. including the high schoolthat cost165,O0(i.The city employs 137 teachers and other school officers, and has 6,000 children of school age. 94 Pu get Sound and Western Washington

THE TULALIP INDIAN RESERVATION, SNOI-IOMISH COUNTY, NEAR EVERETT The treaty of Point Elliott made by Governor Isaac Ingalls Stevens at Mukilteo on Point Elliott, January 22nd, 1855, established the Tulalip Agency and its reservationsTulalip, Lummi, Swinomish and old Chief Seattlee home at Port Madison (or "Old Man House"), Muckleshoot Reservation is also under Tulalip Agency. By this treaty the Tulalip Indians ceded to the white man all of the land lying between the summit of the Cascades, the western shore of Puget Sound, the city of Tacoma. and the international boundary, including all the lands lying in the counties of King, Snohomish, Skagit, Whatcom, Island and San Juan, and a part of Kitsap County, a section which includes all of the great townsites of Puget Sound, Tacoma alone excepted.In the school at Tulalip. are direct descendants of old Chief Seattle, and of other well-known chiefs, who were among the original signers of the Tulalip Treaty. These children are the living representatives of th ancient Indian donors of an almost priceless gift to their white neighbors of Puget Sound. The aim of the school is to supply a thoroughly practical and utilitarian training to every pupil and to meet in every possible way and as efficiently and as thoroughly as possible its five-fold problem(1) scholastic, (2) industrial. (3) domestic, (4) social and (5) civic.

MUKILTEO Mukilteo lies upon the shores of the mainland in Snohomish County twenty-nine miles north of Seattle and four miles south of Everett. The location was a favorite camping ground for the Indians, being well favored with good water, wood and plenty of fish and clams, which advantages gave the place the name it now bears, Muk-il-teo. being an Indian word meaning good camping grounds. At the south end is "Mukilteo Point Light Station," a fine modern light house. The Crown Lumber Company has a very extensive lumber mill here, employing 250 persons, which with the Yukon Lumber Company and Mukilteo Shingle Co. are the principal manufactories. Mukilteo ia bauLiful feature on the panoramic east shore es steamers pass along the Sound. Pu get Sound and Western Washington

MT. PILCHUCK Mt. Pilchuck, situated nearly in the center of Snohomish County is 5,334 feet high, and is visible for many miles. The first view, showing its reflection in the water, also shows about the amount of snow which falls inthe Puget Sound country in winter. The second shows the vast forests about the grim old mountain.

THE MAIN STREET IN MARYSVILLE, SNOHOMISH COUNTY Marysville is a manufacturing and agricultural center enjoying a prosperous career, in a thriving section of country north of Everett, upon the Great Northern Railroad.

Pu get Sound and Western Washington 97

A DAIRY FARM AT SNOHOMISH SNOHOMISH Snohomish is located on three transcon- dious business blocks and Snohomish is a tinentalrailroads,theGreatNorthern, completely modern cityinthat respect. Northern Pacific and newly built Milwaukee.The city is also the headquarters for sev- The passenger trains of the Canadian Pa-eral mining industries and the business of cific run through the city on a leased track. supplying the mines is a valuable portion An interurban line connects the city withof the town's trade.Snohomish has thor- Everett and thence with Seattle.Steamers oughly equipped gas,waterandelectric load at the city dock.Snohomish is eight plants, the electricity being brought from miles from Puget Sound, 38 miles north ofSnoqualmie Falls, thirty-seven miles distant. Seattle, 80 miles south of Bellingham and Considerable power is used for mechanical 85 miles south of the Canadian boundary,purposes and the cheapness of electricity at the junctionofthe Skykomish,Sno- adds to the city's advantages as a manu- qualmie and Pilchuck Rivers, which thusfacturing town. The new County Fair form the broad Snohomish.Itisat theGrounds, where agricultural fairs are held head of tidewater on that stream, and all annually, are located at Snohomish; the city roads lead toit.With 4,000 people, Sno-has good hotels and restaurants, fine stores, homish is known as a city of homes, nearly an active Commercial Club with 200 mem- all owned by the occupants, and many arebers, and many flourishing fraternal organi- surprisingly beautiful and substantial.Sno- zations.The schools occupy fine buildings; homish is not only an important manufac- churchesof many demoninations occupy turing center but is the commercial andtheir own church buildings and have large distributing point for a large and highly pro- congregations, and there isa free public ductive agricultural district.Lumber and library with its handsome permanent build- shingle mills and other industries make the ing. With its rapidly developing agricul- payroll of the town, while the patronage oftural and dairy interests coupled with its the farmers, dairymen and fruit growersrailroad and river carrying facilitiesthe of the district contributes substantially tocommercial importance of the cityisas- the city's prosperity. These varied indus- sued, for its people are laying hold of the tries have created a demand for commo- opportunities at their hands. 98 Puget Sound and Western Washington

SNOHOMISH COUNTY FAIR ASSOCIATION'S NEW GROUNDS AT SNOHOMISH The annual fairs held by this society, lasting four days, are a source of great interest, not only as an impetus to the adoption of improved agricultural methods, but because they bring people together for social intercourse.