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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... iii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Preamble ...... 1 1.2 Previous Surveys ...... 1 1.3 Climate ...... 4 1.4 Biogeographic Regions ...... 4 1.5 Land Use ...... 5 1.5.1 Agriculture and Associated Industry ...... 5 1.5.2 Mining ...... 5 1.5.3 Tourism ...... 6 1.6 Landforms, Soils ...... 6 1.7 Flora and Vegetation ...... 7 2.0 METHODOLOGY ...... 8 2.1 Legislation and Guidance Statements ...... 8 2.2 Desktop Assessment ...... 8 2.2.1 Literature Review ...... 8 2.2.2 Database Searches ...... 8 2.2.3 Assessment of Likelihood of Occurrence in the study area ...... 9 2.3 Field Survey Methodology ...... 9 2.3.1 Timing and Personnel ...... 9 2.3.2 Sampling of Study Sites ...... 9 2.3.3 Targeted Surveys for Conservation Significant Species ...... 10 2.3.4 Weed Survey and Mapping ...... 10 2.3.5 Vegetation Association and Condition Mapping ...... 10 2.3.6 Vouchering ...... 11 2.3.7 Field Survey Constraints ...... 11 2.3.8 Assessment of Conservation Significance ...... 12 3.0 RESULTS ...... 14 3.1 Desktop Review ...... 14 3.1.1 Previous Flora Surveys within the study area ...... 14 3.1.2 Threatened Flora listed under the EPBC Act ...... 18 3.1.3 Threatened Flora listed under the IUCN Red List ...... 18 3.1.4 Threatened Flora listed under the WA Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice ...... 18 3.1.5 Priority Flora Recognised by the DBCA ...... 18 3.1.6 TECs listed under State and Federal legislation ...... 20 3.1.7 PECs recognised by DBCA ...... 20 3.1.8 Environmentally Sensitive Areas ...... 20 3.2 Flora Species...... 20 3.3 Conservation Significant Flora Species ...... 21 3.3.1 Threatened Flora listed under the WC Act and EPBC Act ...... 21 3.3.2 Priority Flora ...... 21 Plate 1 Acacia semitrullata from within the study area...... 21 3.4 Introduced Flora ...... 23 3.5 Vegetation...... 25 3.6 Vegetation Significance ...... 39 3.6.1 Biogeographic Regions ...... 39 3.6.2 Regional Forest Agreement ...... 39 3.6.3 Beard Mapping ...... 39

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3.6.4 Shepherd et al. (2002) Mapping ...... 40 3.6.5 TECs listed under State and Federal Legislation ...... 40 3.6.6 PECs recognised by DBCA ...... 41 3.7 Vegetation Condition ...... 41 4.0 SUMMARY ...... 43 5.0 STUDY TEAM ...... 44 6.0 REFERENCES ...... 45 APPENDIX 1 Vegetation Classifications following Muir (1997)...... 48 APPENDIX 2 Vegetation condition scale (as developed by Keighery 1994) ...... 50 APPENDIX 3 Conservation categories for flora described under the EPBC Act...... 52 APPENDIX 4 Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora ...... 54 APPENDIX 5 Total flora list from the study area ...... 56

LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Ranking system used to assign the likelihood that a species would occur in the study area...... 9 Table 2 Relevance of limitations, as identified by EPA (2016a), to the Greenbushes flora and vegetation survey...... 11 Table 3 Results from flora and vegetation surveys previously completed within, or in close proximity to, the study area...... 17 Table 4 Priority flora taxa previously recorded within a 50 km radius of the study area (DBCA 2018a), and likelihood of these taxa occurring within the study area...... 19 Table 5 Statistics for total flora recorded from the study area...... 20 Table 6 Introduced species recorded from the study area...... 23 Table 7 Vegetation types mapped within the study area...... 27 Table 8 Pre-European extent of vegetation represented on the basis of identified datasets. NOTE: *Shepherd et al. (2007), **Mattiske and Havel (1998)...... 40 Table 9 Pre-European Extent of Vegetation Associations occurring over the Study area (Shepherd et al. 2002)...... 40 Table 10 Area covered by vegetation condition classes within the study area...... 41

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location of the Greenbushes Mine...... 2 Figure 2 Greenbushes study area...... 3 Figure 3 Climatic data for Greenbushes with monthly rainfall figures for the 12 months prior to the field survey in February/March 2018. Rainfall data is from the Greenbushes Weather Station and temperature data from the Bridgetown Weather Station (Bureau of Meteorology 2018)...... 4 Figure 4 Location of study sites within the study area...... 13 Figure 5 Distribution of Acacia semitrullata within the study area...... 22 Figure 6 Distribution of introduced flora within the study area...... 28 Figure 7 Vegetation type map for the study area...... 28 Figure 8 Vegetation condition map of the study area...... 42

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7D[RQ &RQV +DELWDW3UHIHUHQFH /LNHOLKRRGLQ &RGH WKHVWXG\ DUHD Acacia parkerae /RDPVRLOV 8QOLNHO\ Acacia tayloriana *UH\RU\HOORZRUDQJHVDQG\VRLOVODWHULWLFJUDYHOFOD\ORDP 3RVVLEOH Andersonia barbata :KLWHVDQG6ZDPS\DUHDV 3RVVLEOH Aponogeton hexatepalus )UHVKZDWHUSRQGVULYHUVFOD\SDQV 8QOLNHO\ Caladenia uliginosa VXEVS. patulens &OD\ORDPDQGJUDYHO:HOOGUDLQHGVRLOVDPRQJVWGHQVHVKUXEV 3RVVLEOH Carex tereticaulis %ODFNSHDW\VDQG 8QOLNHO\ Chorizema carinatum 6DQGVDQG\FOD\ 3RVVLEOH Dampiera heteroptera 6DQG\VRLOV6ZDPS\DUHDV /LNHO\ Dillwynia VS&DSHO 3$-XUMHYLFK /LWWHUHGJUH\ORDP\VDQGURFN\VRLOV9DOOH\VUDQJHODQGV 8QOLNHO\ Eucalyptus relicta *UH\FOD\ORDP8QGXODWLQJXSSHUVORSHVDORQJFUHHNOLQHV 8QOLNHO\ Gastrolobium formosum &OD\ORDP$ORQJULYHUEDQNVRULQVZDPSV 8QOLNHO\ Grevillea bronwenae *UH\VDQGRYHUODWHULWHODWHULWLFORDP+LOOVORSHV 8QOLNHO\ Grevilla ripicola 6DQG\FOD\FOD\RUJUDYHOO\ORDP6ZDPS\IODWVJUDQLWHRXWFURSVDORQJ /LNHO\ ZDWHUFRXUVHV Melaleuca viminalis /LNHO\ Pultenaea skinneri 6DQG\RUFOD\H\VRLOV:LQWHUZHWGHSUHVVLRQV 8QOLNHO\ Scaevola ballajupensis %URZQVDQG\JUDYHOODWHULWHJUDQLWH2XWFURSV 8QOLNHO\ Synaphea otiostigma &OD\H\ODWHULWHJUDYHOO\ORDPVDQG 3RVVLEOH Tetraria VS%ODFNZRRG5LYHU $5$QQHOV 3RVVLEOH Tetraria VS1DQQXS 3$-XUMHYLFK 8QOLNHO\ Tetratheca parvifolia /RDPVRLOV /LNHO\ Thysanotus formosus &OD\H\VDQGVDQG\ORDP,QVLWXDWLRQVRIWHQLQXQGDWHGLQZLQWHU 8QOLNHO\ Thysanotus gageoides 6DQGFOD\JUDQLWHVDQGVWRQHODWHULWH 8QOLNHO\

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408000 409000 410000 411000 412000 413000 414000 415000 416000

K CHARNLEY RD E

R SOUTH WESTERN HWY

C 6255000 6255000

RI P S TALISON LITHIUM

STANIFER ST

SALT WATER GULLY POOL RD Significant Flora CATTERICK RD Locations 6254000 6254000

SPRING GULLY RD Legend

Study Area

Significant Flora

(! Acacia semitrullata A.s A.s (!

6253000 (! 6253000 A.s A.s (!(! ASHCROFT RD

WILKES RD 6252000 6252000

MARANUP FORD RD A.s (! 6251000 6251000

MARANUP FORD RD A.s (! A.s (!(!(!(! (!(! A.s A.s ¯ 0 250 500 750 6250000 6250000 Meters 1:25,000 Datum: GDA94 HUITSON RD SOUTH WESTERN HWY Projection: MGA Zone 50

FOREST PARK AV K E Date: 26/03/2018 E R Status: Draft C Figure: P Sheet Size: A3 U Internal Reference: TL_Tar_Sig_flora BUCHANAN RD N

E Drawn by: GSM J Requested by: DB L

O 6249000 6249000 W RUSSELL RD RD HALLS

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R SOUTH WESTERN HWY

C 6255000 6255000

RI P S TALISON LITHIUM

STANIFER ST

SALT WATER GULLY POOL RD Introduced Flora CATTERICK RD Locations 6254000 6254000

SPRING GULLY RD Legend

Study Area Introduced Flora (! Acacia dealbata-A.d

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26/03/2018 Draft A3 TL_Tar_Veg_Type ¯ Meters 1:25,000 Datum: GDA94 Datum: Projection: MGA Zone 50 Zone MGA Projection: Study Area Study Bg HS TpBl Pd HS Xp HS Bo HS Ew HS Pe DF AsTl MpEp DF Tp EpCc DL Er DL Rehab Annual Pasture Vegtation Types 0 250 500 750

TALISON LITHIUM TALISON

Date: Date: Status: Figure: Size: Sheet Reference: Internal by:Drawn by: Requested DB GSM Vegetation Types Vegetation Hill Slope Flats Drainage Drainage line Legend Others

6255000 6254000 6253000 6252000 6251000 6250000 6249000 416000 416000

CATTERICK RD

WILKES RD WILKES SALT WATER GULLY HWY WESTERN SOUTH

DL Er DL HALLS RD HALLS

HS Bo FOREST PARK AV PARK FOREST HS Xp HS Bo 415000 415000 HS Bo HS Xp HS Bg HS Bg HS Bg HS Bg S/Airbus DS,USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and theGIS User 414000 414000

SOUTH WESTERN HWY

HS Pd TpBl

HS Xp STANIFER ST STANIFER

DF Pe DF

K E

DF MpEp AsTl MpEpDF U

L O W Annual Pasture Annual 413000 413000 HS Bg

HS Pd TpBl MARANUP FORD RD FORD MARANUP Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNE Community

CHARNLEYRD Rehab 412000 412000 HS Pd TpBl

POOL RD HS Bo HS Bo HS Bo HS Bo HS Ew DL EpCc Tp EpCcDL MARANUP FORD RD HS Bo DL EpCc Tp EpCcDL 411000 411000 Rehab

HS Xp HUITSON RD HUITSON

BUCHANAN RD

410000 410000

SPRING GULLY RD GULLY SPRING

R HUITSON RD HUITSON C

RI Tp EpCcDL P S 409000 409000

ASHCROFT RD

408000 RUSSELL RD 408000

6255000 6254000 6253000 6252000 6251000 6250000 6249000 TALISON LITHIUM

Vegtation Legend

Legend

Study Area

Vegetation Types

Hill Slope Forest of Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Low Woodland A of Banksia grandis, Persoonia longifolia, Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over HS Bg Open Low Scrub A of Pteridium esculentum and Macrozamia riedlei over Low Heath D of Bossiaea ornata and/or Leucopogon capitellatus on brown sandy loam on upper hillslopes Heath A of Podocarpus drouynianus (Pultenaea ochUeata) with Woodland (to Forest) of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla over Scrub of Taxandria parviceps (Bossiaea linophylla) HS Pd TpBl over Dwarf Scrub C/D of Dasypogon bromeliifolius, Adenanthos obovatus and Leucopogon oxycedrus on grey sand on lower hillslopes Forest of Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Scrub of Xanthorrhoea preissii (Bossiaea linophylla) over Dwarf Scrub C of Xanthorrhoea gracilis and Phyllanthus calycinus on HS Xp brown sandy loam on hillslopes

HS Bo Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla over Low Heath D of Bossiaea ornata and Leucopogon capitellatus on grey/brown loamy sand on hillslopes Low Heath C of Hypocalymma angustifolium, Babingtonia camphorosmae and Banksia dallanneyi (Xanthorrhoea gracilis and Bossiaea ornata) with Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus wandoo (Corymbia calophylla) HS Ew over Open Low Scrub B of Xanthorrhoea preissii, Acacia celastrifolia and Corymbia calophylla on grey clay loam soil on lower hillslopes

Drainage Flats

DF Pe Dense Heath B of Pteridium esculentum on grey sand on seasonally wet drainage flats Forest of Melaleuca preissiana and Eucalyptus patens over Scrub of Astartea scoparia and Taxandria linearifolia over Low Scrub B of Aotus gracillima and Pteridium esculentum over Open Low Grass of DF MpEp AsTl *Anthoxanthum odoratum and *Vulpia sp. indet over Very Open Tall Sedges of Isolepis cyperoides and Juncus pallidus on black sandy clay loam on seasonally wet drainage flats

Drainage line Woodland (to Forest) of Eucalyptus patens and Corymbia calophylla (sometimes with Banksia seminuda or Banksia littoralis) over Thicket of Taxandria parviceps (sometimes with Bossiaea linophylla, Acacia DL EpCc Tp extensa and Pteridium esculentum) over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Dasypogon bromeliifolius and Conospermum capitatum on grey sand on drainage lines Forest of Eucalyptus rudis subsp. rudis (sometimes mixed species) over Scrub of Trymalium odoratissimum subsp. odoratissimum, Taxandria linearifolia and/or Hakea prostrata over Open Tall Sedges of DL Er Lepidosperma tetraquetrum or Chorizandra enodis on brown snady clay loam on minor drainage lines

Others Rehab Annual Pasture

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3.7 Vegetation Condition

Vegetation condition across the majority of the study area was rated as very good (477 ha or 65 percent) or good (207 ha or 28 percent) with the primary disturbances resulting from hardwood logging activities. Smaller areas supported degraded vegetation, native rehabilitation (gravel pits), or cleared annual pasture (private farmland) (Figure 8, Table 10). Other disturbances noted were access tracks, historical mine exploration (excavation of costeans), powerline corridors, and feral pig activity on drainage flats.

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26/03/2018 Draft A3 TL_Tar_Veg_Cond ¯ Meters 1:25,000 Datum: GDA94 Datum: Vegtation Condition Projection: MGA Zone 50 Zone MGA Projection: Study Area Study Rehab Cleared Degraded Good Very Good 0 250 500 750

TALISON LITHIUM TALISON

Date: Date: Status: Figure: Size: Sheet Reference: Internal by:Drawn by: Requested DB GSM Legend ConditionVegetation

6255000 6254000 6253000 6252000 6251000 6250000 6249000 416000 416000

CATTERICK RD

WILKES RD WILKES

SALT WATER GULLY HWY WESTERN SOUTH

HALLS RD HALLS FOREST PARK AV PARK FOREST 415000 415000 S/Airbus DS,USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and theGIS User 414000 414000

SOUTH WESTERN HWY

STANIFER ST STANIFER

K E

L O W

413000 413000 MARANUP FORD RD FORD MARANUP Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNE Community

CHARNLEYRD 412000 412000

POOL RD

MARANUP FORD RD

411000 411000 HUITSON RD HUITSON

BUCHANAN RD

410000 410000

SPRING GULLY RD GULLY SPRING

HUITSON RD HUITSON C

RI P S 409000 409000

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408000 RUSSELL RD 408000

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APPENDIX 1 Vegetation Classifications following Muir (1997)

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APPENDIX 2 Vegetation condition scale (as developed by Keighery 1994)

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APPENDIX 3 Conservation categories for flora described under the EPBC Act.

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APPENDIX 4 Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora

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APPENDIX 5 Total flora list from the study area

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)$0,/< 7D[RQ $0$5$17+$&($( Ptilotus manglesii $1$57+5,$&($( Lyginia imberbis $3,$&($( Centella asiatica Daucus glochidiatus Pentapeltis silvatica Platysace tenuissima Xanthosia huegelii $63$5$*$&($( *Asparagus asparagoides Dichopogon capillipes Lomandra caespitosa Lomandra drummondii Lomandra hermaphrodita Lomandra pauciflora Lomandra sericea Lomandra VSLQGHW $67(5$&($( *Carduus pycnocephalus *Conyza bonariensis *Hypochaeris glabra *Vellereophyton dealbatum Craspedia variabilis Hyalosperma cotula Podolepis gracilis Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Senecio diaschides Senecio multicaulis VXEVSmulticaulis Senecio quadridentatus Senecio ramosissimus Senecio VSLQGHW &$68$5,1$&($( Allocasuarina humilis &/86,$&($( *Hypericum perforatum &2/&+,&$&($( Burchardia congesta &<3(5$&($( *Cyperus involucratus Isolepis cyperoides Baumea articulata Baumea juncea Baumea rubiginosa Chorizandra enodis Cyathochaeta avenacea Gahnia aristata

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)$0,/< 7D[RQ Lepidosperma effusum Lepidosperma leptostachyum Lepidosperma pubisquameum Lepidosperma squamatum Lepidosperma tetraquetrum Tetraria VS-DUUDK)RUHVW 5'DYLV Tetraria octandra '$6<32*21$&($( Dasypogon bromeliifolius '(1167$('7,$&($( Pteridium esculentum ',//(1,$&($( Hibbertia amplexicaulis Hibbertia commutata Hibbertia diamesogenos Hibbertia ferruginea Hibbertia hypericoides Hibbertia inconspicua '526(5$&($( Drosera VSLQGHW (/$(2&$53$&($( Tetratheca hirsuta VXEVS viminea Tremandra diffusa (5,&$&($( Andersonia caerulata Astroloma ciliatum Astroloma drummondii Astroloma pallidum Leucopogon australis Leucopogon capitellatus Leucopogon oxycedrus Leucopogon propinquus Leucopogon verticillatus Leucopogon VS6RXWKHUQ)RUHVWV %*+DPPHUVOH\ (83+25%,$&($( Monotaxis occidentalis )$%$&($( *Acacia dealbata *Acacia decurrens *Acacia longifolia VXEVSlongifolia *Acacia pycnantha *Chamaecytisus palmensis Acacia alata VXEVSalata Acacia celastrifolia Acacia dentifera Acacia divergens Acacia drummondii VXEVScandolleana Acacia extensa Acacia latericola Acacia nervosa

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)$0,/< 7D[RQ Acacia obovata Acacia pulchella YDUpulchella Acacia saligna Acacia scalpelliformis Acacia semitrullata Acacia urophylla Aotus gracillima Bossiaea aquifolium Bossiaea linophylla Bossiaea ornata Bossiaea rufa Callistachys lanceolata Chorizema cordatum Chorizema nanum Davesia decurrens Daveisia preissii Daviesia physodes Eutaxia virgata Gastrolobium bilobum Gompholobium capitatum Gompholobium marginatum Gompholobium ovatum Gompholobium tomentosum Hardenbergia comptoniana Hovea chorizemifolia Jacksonia furcellata Kennedia prostrata Labichea punctata Pultenaea ochreata Sphaerolobium medium *(17,$1$&($( *Centaurium erythraea *22'(1,$&($( Dampiera alata Dampiera linearis Lechenaultia biloba Scaevola calliptera +$/25$*$&($( Glischrocaryon aureum +$(02'25$&($( Anigozanthus flavidus Conostylis aculeata VXEVSaculeata Conostylis serrulata Conostylis setigera VXEVSsetigera Haemodorum laxum Haemodorum simplex Haemodorum spicatum +(0(52&$//,'$&($( Agrostocrinum hirsutum Dianella revoluta

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)$0,/< 7D[RQ Johnsonia lupulina Stypandra glauca ,5,'$&($( *Romulea rosea Patersonia occidentalis VXEVS occidentalis -81&$&($( *Juncus microcephalus *Juncus oxycarpus Juncus amabilis Juncus pallidus Juncus VSLQGHW /$0,$&($( *Lavandula stoechas Hemigenia incana /$85$&($( Cassytha racemosa IRUPDracemosa /,/,$&($( Thysanotus FIpatersonii /,1'6$($&($( Lindsaea linearis /2%(/,$&($( Lobelia anceps Lobelia gibbosa /2*$1,$&($( Orianthera serpyllifolia VXEVSangustifolia 0<57$&($( *Corymbia maculata Astartea scoparia Babingtonia camphorosmae Corymbia calophylla Eucalyptus marginata VXEVSmarginata Eucalyptus patens Eucalyptus rudis VXEVSrudis Eucalyptus wandoo Hypocalymma angustifolium Melaleuca preissiana Melaleuca thymoides Melaleuca viminea Taxandria linearifolia Taxandria parviceps 2/$&$&($( Olax benthamiana 25&+,'$&($( *Disa bracteata Pterostylis VSLQGHW Pyrorchis forrestii 3+

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)$0,/< 7D[RQ *Pinus pinaster *Pinus radiata 3,7726325$&($( Billardiera floribunda Billardiera variifolia 3/$17$*,1$&($( Veronica calycina 32$&($( *Aira caryophyllea *Anthoxanthum odoratum *Avena barbata *Briza maxima *Briza minor *Cortaderia selloana *Cynosurus echinatus *Vulpia VSLQGHW Austrostipa VSLQGHW Microlaena stipoides Neurachne alopecuroidea Rytidosperma VSLQGHW Tetrarrhena laevis 32'2&$53$&($( Podocarpus drouynianus 32/<*21$&($( *Rumex acetosella 35,08/$&($( Samolus junceus 3527($&($( Adenanthos obovatus Banksia dallanneyi Banksia grandis Banksia littoralis Banksia seminuda Conospermum capitatum Grevillea centristigma Grevillea diversifolia Grevillea trifida Hakea amplexicaulis Hakea lissocarpha Hakea prostrata Hakea ruscifolia Hakea varia Persoonia longifolia Synaphea obtusata 5$181&8/$&($( Clematis pubescens 5(67,21$&($( Desmocladus fasciculatus Hypolaena exsulca Leptocarpus canus

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)$0,/< 7D[RQ Leptocarpus roycei Loxocarya cinerea Meeboldina roycei 5+$01$&($( Cryptandra arbutiflora YDUtubulosa Trymalium ledifolium YDUrosmarin Trymalium odoratissimum VXEVS odoratissimum 526$&($( Aceana echinata *Rubus anglocandicans 58%,$&($( Opercularia apiciflora Opercularia hispidula 587$&($( Boronia spathulata Philotheca spicata 67$&.+286,$&($( Stackhousia huegelii 67(5&8/,$&($( Thomasia grandiflora 67