DOCSLIB.ORG

Plants Found in Kenya and Tanzania

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plants Found in Kenya and Tanzania Project background The African Conservation Centre (ACC), Missouri Botanical Garden, University of York, Yale University and national institutions in Kenya and Tanzania have been studying the threats posed by climate change and land fragmentation to biodiversity and rural livelihoods in East Africa. The initial project, funded by the Liz Claiborne Art Ortenberg Foundation (LCAOF), has focused on the 60,000 square kilometre region stretching across the Great Rift Valley from Serengeti and Maasai Mara in the west to Tsavo and Mkomazi in the east: the Kenya-Tanzania Borderlands. The Borderlands account for 80% of the large mammals, 50% of the vertebrates and 25% of the vascular plants found in Kenya and Tanzania. The area also has many regionally endemic species and threatened animals and plants. The diverse landscape spans 14 world-renowned parks, attracts over 1.5 million visitors a year and generates a half-billion dollars in revenues for the two African nations. The LCAOF-funded pilot project has brought together scientists and conservationists to map the distribution of animals, plants and human livelihoods, and to model their vulnerability to climate change. The component of the project focusing on the vegetation has aimed to model species distributions based on plant collection data from across the region. The work is part of ongoing research to model the effects of climate change on the vegetation of the East African region. We initially start with four major research questions: 1) Can species distributions be predicted across East Africa using models developed for montane forests in East Africa? 2) What are the implications of climate change for species distribution / prevalence? 3) How do these relate to the current protected area network, topography and land-use? 4) What are the implications for management / policy? Summary Plants are often overlooked in conservation planning, yet they are the foundation of all terrestrial ecosystems. Species distribution modelling using herbarium specimen data provides a method for predicting plant distributions, but data are often insufficient in spatial coverage and number of records. We have continued to build up our herbarium collections and distribution of Acacia species and ecoclimatic indicators to apply species distribution models to selected well-collected plants across the East African landscape. Phases 1 and 2 of the Kenya-Tanzania Borderlands Project compiled 9,055 records of plants, representing 171 plant indicator taxa. This has now increased under the current phase to more than 30,000 records of plants, representing 370 plant indicator taxa from 326 species. Our choice of indicator taxa was particularly focused on species within the Poaceae as these cover a range of environments and also engender the future collaboration with the group from Yale University modelling mammal distribution across East Africa. General Additive Models are used to determine relationships between a selection of these plants and environmental variables. Outputs include a probability surface of habitat suitability for each taxon. Analysing these predictions in the context of the current protected area network shows that some of the richest areas of plant biodiversity lie outside of protected areas. Therefore, many of Africa’s most famous National Parks may not be preserving an important component of ecosystem diversity. We have assessed climate change effects by running the General Additive Models with future climates derived from a regional climate model and find that the limitations of protected areas in conserving biodiversity are amplified. Areas with suitable climate for high-elevation, moisture-dependent taxa are predicted to shrink towards mountain peaks, while areas suitable for low-elevation species are predicted to undergo huge geographic shifts. We discuss the implications of our findings for plant and animal ecological interactions and the need for a landscape- and regional-scale approach to conserving biodiversity and managing natural resources. We discuss future development of the work and the ways in which ground-truthing will be used to verify model predictions and provide more plant 1 distribution data. Distribution Models (Box 1) are one of a range of tools used to predict suitable conditions for a species (or infraspecific taxon) across a landscape based on limited information. East African climatic and environmental conditions at locations of known species occurrence are used to build up a climatic “niche” or “envelope” for each species that can be used to infer the suitability of other geographic locations in a broader region. The application of DMs is increasingly far-reaching, and includes use for managing resources, predicting the spread of invasive species/pathogens, predicting the impacts of climate change, and planning the design of protected area networks. DMs are particularly useful where logistical difficulties such as poor infrastructure or large geographic scale preclude full inventories of areas. DMs also allow for the exploration of ‘what if’ scenarios, in this case exploring the impact that climate change will have on current species distribution. Potential plant indicators of the major ecosystems also exist for a large part of the East African region. Pratt & Gwynne (1977) delineated six eco-climatic zones in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (Appendix 1) based on moisture indices derived from monthly rainfall and evaporation. The eco- climatic zones are well correlated with vegetation and land-use classes, and each eco-climatic zone is represented by a number of characteristic species (Appendix 2). We therefore assume that by modelling the distribution of these characteristic species, we can make a reasonable representation of the biodiversity of the region and thus potentially provide a major contribution to reserve network design. Box 1. Distribution Models Hundreds of kilometres separate some of the major roads in East Africa. The logistical difficulties in surveying remote areas can hinder ecological surveys, with the result that there is little information on plant and animal community composition. Distribution modelling can be used to predict the occurrence of species or infraspecific taxa based on their known climatic preferences in other areas. The result is a probability surface indicating areas that are most likely to contain suitable climatic conditions for a given taxon. NOTE: We prefer the term “Distribution Model” over the more frequently used “Species Distribution Model” to avoid taxonomic restriction. 2 Work achieved and in development within Phase 3 Phase 3 work has focused on a number of areas with direct contributions from Mr Simon Kang'ethe, Dr Aida Cuni Sanchez, Dr Phil Platts, Dr Marion Pfeifer and Dr Andrew Marshall. Work within Phase 3 will be discussed under the following headings. 1) Plant data acquisition and rescue from Herbaria: The Herbarium personnel are very supportive of the project, in particular Simon Kang'ethe at the National Museums of Kenya and Maria Vorontsova, the Poaceae curator at Kew Gardens. Although they have ongoing digitizing efforts, some extra assistance and supervision will enhance this greatly and facilitate the updating of data on indicator species. Data acquisition, capture and digitisation will continue to focus on our initial choice of indicator species together with additional species that are representative of the broader East African ecosystems, a combination of indicator taxa that will maintain the initial spatial focus on the Borderlands region while placing it in a larger geographic and ecological context. This approach will provide opportunities to maximize synergies with the vertebrate modelling and livelihood and land-use change aspects of the project. The additional indicator species will include key food and habitat trees of birds and ungulates, ruderal species indicative of particular land-use options, and orchids and other plants with restricted ranges. We are also keen to test the broader applicability of the methods and models developed for the Borderlands area on different ecosystems such as the Albertine Rift and the dry ecosystems of north-eastern Kenya: both areas where predicted climate change impacts will be assessed. Other institutions such as the University of Nairobi, DRSRS, Forest Department of Uganda, Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, and the Botanical Gardens of Makerere University will also be engaged in this initiative. A total of 370 indicator taxa (species, subspecies and varieties) from 326 species were selected to represent a cross-section of eco-climatic zones, habitat specialisation, abundance and taxonomy (Appendix 2). Habitat specialists are included as indicators of biodiversity, while generalists are included to represent the dominant habitat types. For linkage with concurrent vertebrate modelling, the indicators also include taxa that are known to be key dietary species for primates and birds. Plant collection data for the indicator taxa have been collated from five herbaria: East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya (Nairobi); Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (UK); Missouri Botanical Garden (USA); National Herbarium of Tanzania (Arusha); and University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). All captured data are in the process of being entered into and standardised in the Missouri Botanical Garden’s TROPICOS database (www.tropicos.org). After collation, collection data will be processed to remove errors and check for suitability for modelling. Point collection data
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kenya Soe Ch4 A
    PART 2 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT 61 CHAPTER BIODIVERSITY4 Introduction The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) defi nes biodiversity as Kenya’s rich biodiversity Lead Authors ‘the variability among living organisms from all sources including, can be attributed to a number Ali A. Ali and Monday S. Businge among others, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and of factors, including a long Contributing Authors S. M. Mutune, Jane Kibwage, Ivy Achieng, the ecological complexes of which they are part [and] includes diversity evolutionary history, variable Godfrey Mwangi, David Ongare, Fred Baraza, within species, between species and of ecosystems.’ Biodiversity climatic conditions, and diverse Teresa Muthui, Lawrence M. Ndiga, Nick Mugi therefore comprises genetic and species diversity of animals and plants habitat types and ecosystems. Reviewer as well as ecosystem diversity. Kenya is endowed with an enormous The major biodiversity Nathan Gichuki diversity of ecosystems and wildlife species which live in the terrestrial, concentration sites fall within aquatic and aerial environment. These biological resources are the existing protected areas fundamental to national prosperity as a source of food, medicines, network (national parks, reserves and sanctuaries) which are mostly energy, shelter, employment and foreign exchange. For instance, managed by the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS). However, over 70 percent agricultural productivity and development are dependent on the of the national biodiversity occurs outside the protected areas. availability of a wide variety of plant and animal genetic resources and In spite of its immense biotic capital, Kenya experiences severe on the existence of functional ecological systems, especially those that ecological and socio-economic problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Practices of Sacred Natural Sites: a Socio-Religious Approach for Successful Implementation of Primary
    Medicinal practices of sacred natural sites: a socio-religious approach for successful implementation of primary healthcare services Rajasri Ray and Avik Ray Review Correspondence Abstract Rajasri Ray*, Avik Ray Centre for studies in Ethnobiology, Biodiversity and Background: Sacred groves are model systems that Sustainability (CEiBa), Malda - 732103, West have the potential to contribute to rural healthcare Bengal, India owing to their medicinal floral diversity and strong social acceptance. *Corresponding Author: Rajasri Ray; [email protected] Methods: We examined this idea employing ethnomedicinal plants and their application Ethnobotany Research & Applications documented from sacred groves across India. A total 20:34 (2020) of 65 published documents were shortlisted for the Key words: AYUSH; Ethnomedicine; Medicinal plant; preparation of database and statistical analysis. Sacred grove; Spatial fidelity; Tropical diseases Standard ethnobotanical indices and mapping were used to capture the current trend. Background Results: A total of 1247 species from 152 families Human-nature interaction has been long entwined in has been documented for use against eighteen the history of humanity. Apart from deriving natural categories of diseases common in tropical and sub- resources, humans have a deep rooted tradition of tropical landscapes. Though the reported species venerating nature which is extensively observed are clustered around a few widely distributed across continents (Verschuuren 2010). The tradition families, 71% of them are uniquely represented from has attracted attention of researchers and policy- any single biogeographic region. The use of multiple makers for its impact on local ecological and socio- species in treating an ailment, high use value of the economic dynamics. Ethnomedicine that emanated popular plants, and cross-community similarity in from this tradition, deals health issues with nature- disease treatment reflects rich community wisdom to derived resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Oberholzeria (Fabaceae Subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume Genus from Namibia
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Oberholzeria (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume Genus from Namibia Wessel Swanepoel1,2*, M. Marianne le Roux3¤, Martin F. Wojciechowski4, Abraham E. van Wyk2 1 Independent Researcher, Windhoek, Namibia, 2 H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 3 Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, 4 School of Life Sciences, Arizona a11111 State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America ¤ Current address: South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Oberholzeria etendekaensis, a succulent biennial or short-lived perennial shrublet is de- Citation: Swanepoel W, le Roux MM, Wojciechowski scribed as a new species, and a new monotypic genus. Discovered in 2012, it is a rare spe- MF, van Wyk AE (2015) Oberholzeria (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume cies known only from a single locality in the Kaokoveld Centre of Plant Endemism, north- Genus from Namibia. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0122080. western Namibia. Phylogenetic analyses of molecular sequence data from the plastid matK doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122080 gene resolves Oberholzeria as the sister group to the Genisteae clade while data from the Academic Editor: Maharaj K Pandit, University of nuclear rDNA ITS region showed that it is sister to a clade comprising both the Crotalarieae Delhi, INDIA and Genisteae clades. Morphological characters diagnostic of the new genus include: 1) Received: October 3, 2014 succulent stems with woody remains; 2) pinnately trifoliolate, fleshy leaves; 3) monadel- Accepted: February 2, 2015 phous stamens in a sheath that is fused above; 4) dimorphic anthers with five long, basifixed anthers alternating with five short, dorsifixed anthers, and 5) pendent, membranous, one- Published: March 27, 2015 seeded, laterally flattened, slightly inflated but indehiscent fruits.
    [Show full text]
  • Rattlebox Crotalaria Spp. Fabaceae (Legume Family)
    Rattlebox Crotalaria spp. Fabaceae (Legume family) Habitat Some species of Crotolaria were introduced as a soil-building cover crop for the sandy soils in the southeastern United States and have since become established in disturbed soils along fences and roadsides in Florida and Georgia. An indigenous species, C. sagit- talis is common along river bottomland. Description Crotalaria are erect, herbaceous, variably hairy plants, and may be annual or perenni- al. The leaves are simple, alternate, lanceolate to obovate, with a finely haired under surface (Figure 4-8A). The flowers are yellow, with the leguminous calyx longer than the corolla (Figure 4-8B). The fruit is a leguminous pod, inflated, hairless, becoming black with maturity, and contains 10 to 20 glossy black, heart-shaped seeds, which often detach and rattle with the pod. Several species of Crotalaria have been associat- ed with livestock poisoning including C. sagittalis, C. spectabilis, and C. retusa. Principal Toxin The principal toxins in Crotalaria spp. are the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), the most notable of which is monocrotalamine. The alkaloid is present in greatest quantity in the seeds, with lesser amounts in the leaves and stems. All livestock, including domestic fowl are susceptible to poisoning. Although acute deaths will occur from eating large quantities of the crotolaria seeds or plant, more typically animals will develop signs of liver disease and photosensitization from a few days up to 6 months later. Monocrotaline also causes severe pulmonary changes, and horses have been reported to die after developing an acute fibrosing alveolitis from eating a feed con- taining 40 percent crotolaria seeds.63,64 Figure 4-8B Rattlebox flower and seed pods (Crotolaria spectabilis).
    [Show full text]
  • The Contents and Pharmacology of Crotalaria Juncea- a Review
    IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy www.iosrphr.org (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 6, Issue 6 Version. 2 (June 2016), PP. 77-86 The contents and pharmacology of Crotalaria juncea- A review Prof Dr Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Nasiriyah, P O Box 42, Iraq . Abstract: The preliminary phytochemical screening of the Crotalaria juncea leaves revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, aminoacids, saponins, glycosides, tannins and volatile oils. The plant possessed hypolipidemic, reproductive, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti- diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and many other pharmacological effects. This review was designed to highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Crotalaria juncea. Keywords: constituents, pharmacology Crotalaria juncea. I. INTRODUCTION Herbal medicine is the oldest form of medicine known to mankind. It was the mainstay of many early civilizations and still the most widely practiced form of medicine in the world today(1). Plants generally produce many secondary metabolites which are bio-synthetically derived from primary metabolites and constitute an important source of many pharmaceutical drugs(2-60). The preliminary phytochemical screening of the Crotalaria juncea leaves revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, aminoacids, saponins, glycosides, tannins and volatile oils. The plant possessed hypolipidemic, reproductive, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and many other pharmacological effects. This review will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Crotalaria juncea. II. PLANT PROFILE: Synonymas: Crotalaria benghalensis Lam., Crotalaria cannabinus Royle, Crotalaria fenestrata Sims, Crotalaria ferestrata Sims, Crotalaria porrecta Wall., Crotalaria sericea Willd., Crotalaria tenuifolia Roxb.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria Juncea) Plant Guide
    Plant Guide for the stem to harden and the leaves to fill out, while still SUNN HEMP remaining short enough for goats to reach leaves. Crotalaria juncea L. The leaves of C. juncea can be used for cattle forage Plant Symbol = CRJU during late summer and early fall, but the amount of fiber in stems is too high 6 weeks after planting to be used as Contributed by: USDA NRCS Cape May Plant Materials suitable forage (Mansoer et al., 1997). Mannetje (2012) Center, Cape May, NJ found that the leaves and stems must be dried before fed to cattle and sheep. Cover crop/green manure: C. juncea is used as a nitrogen-fixing green manure to improve soil quality, reduce soil erosion, conserve soil moisture, suppress weeds and nematodes, and recycle plant nutrients. It grows quickly and can produce more than 5,000 lb dry matter/acre and 120 lb nitrogen/acre in 9–12 weeks (Clark, 2007). Fertilized and hand-weeded plots have yielded 5.6–6.2 T (short tons) per acre (Duke, 1983). Leaves have a nitrogen concentration between 2–5% and roots and stems have between 0.6–2% (Treadwell and Alligood, 2008). Its fast growth makes it ideally suited for planting in late summer rotations before fall cash crops. Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).(Photo by Chris Miller, USDA-NRCS, Wildlife: Deer will browse plants and turkey and quail Cape May Plant Materials Center) will use C. juncea for shelter and food. Alternate Names Ethnobotany Alternate Common Names: Indian hemp, Madras hemp, C. juncea has been grown as a fiber crop in India since brown hemp 600 BC (Treadwell and Alligood, 2008) and is still used for fiber production in India and Pakistan (Wang and Scientific Alternate Names: McSorley, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Consequences of Dioecy in Angiosperms: the Effects of Breeding System on Speciation and Extinction Rates
    EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF DIOECY IN ANGIOSPERMS: THE EFFECTS OF BREEDING SYSTEM ON SPECIATION AND EXTINCTION RATES by JANA C. HEILBUTH B.Sc, Simon Fraser University, 1996 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Zoology) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2001 © Jana Heilbuth, 2001 Wednesday, April 25, 2001 UBC Special Collections - Thesis Authorisation Form Page: 1 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada http://www.library.ubc.ca/spcoll/thesauth.html ABSTRACT Dioecy, the breeding system with male and female function on separate individuals, may affect the ability of a lineage to avoid extinction or speciate. Dioecy is a rare breeding system among the angiosperms (approximately 6% of all flowering plants) while hermaphroditism (having male and female function present within each flower) is predominant. Dioecious angiosperms may be rare because the transitions to dioecy have been recent or because dioecious angiosperms experience decreased diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) compared to plants with other breeding systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Sri Lanka Wildlife Tour Report 2014 Birdwatching Butterfly Mammal
    Sri Lanka The Enchanted Isle A Greentours Trip Report 17th February to 7th March 2014 Led by Paul Cardy Trip Report and Systematic Lists written by Paul Cardy Day 0/1 Monday February 17th & Tuesday February 18th Journey to Sri Lanka and to Kandy A rather unusual beginning to the tour this year, as I had been in the north checking out some new areas, and the two different flight arrivals were met by our excellent ground agents. I arrived at the Suisse in Kandy late morning to meet Geoff, Margaret, and Mary and before too long Rees and Carol arrived. Free time followed with lunch available if and when wanted. On the lake in front of the hotel were Indian Cormorants, Little Cormorants, Little and Great Egrets, and Black-crowned Night Herons. Basking on the same log was Indian Softshell Terrapin. Three-spot Grass Yellow, Psyche, and Zebra Blue flew in the hotel gardens, which supported a very large Flying Fox roost. We met up at 3.30 for an afternoon excursion. In three-wheelers we motored around the lake to a small guesthouse, the terrace of which overlooks the good forest of the Udawattakelle Sanctuary. White-bellied Sea Eagle was much in evidence throughout our stay, with two birds in the air over the forest. Yellow-fronted Barbet, Orange Minivets, Oriental White-eyes, Bar-winged Flycatcher Shrike, and Hill Mynas were all seen well. Sri Lanka Hanging Parrots regularly flew over, calling, which would be how we would most often see them during the tour, and Ceylon Swallows were in the air.
    [Show full text]
  • Dictionary of Cultivated Plants and Their Regions of Diversity Second Edition Revised Of: A.C
    Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Second edition revised of: A.C. Zeven and P.M. Zhukovsky, 1975, Dictionary of cultivated plants and their centres of diversity 'N -'\:K 1~ Li Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Excluding most ornamentals, forest trees and lower plants A.C. Zeven andJ.M.J, de Wet K pudoc Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen - 1982 ~T—^/-/- /+<>?- •/ CIP-GEGEVENS Zeven, A.C. Dictionary ofcultivate d plants andthei rregion so f diversity: excluding mostornamentals ,fores t treesan d lowerplant s/ A.C .Zeve n andJ.M.J ,d eWet .- Wageninge n : Pudoc. -11 1 Herz,uitg . van:Dictionar y of cultivatedplant s andthei r centreso fdiversit y /A.C .Zeve n andP.M . Zhukovsky, 1975.- Me t index,lit .opg . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 SISO63 2UD C63 3 Trefw.:plantenteelt . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 ©Centre forAgricultura l Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen,1982 . Nopar t of thisboo k mayb e reproduced andpublishe d in any form,b y print, photoprint,microfil m or any othermean swithou t written permission from thepublisher . Contents Preface 7 History of thewor k 8 Origins of agriculture anddomesticatio n ofplant s Cradles of agriculture and regions of diversity 21 1 Chinese-Japanese Region 32 2 Indochinese-IndonesianRegio n 48 3 Australian Region 65 4 Hindustani Region 70 5 Central AsianRegio n 81 6 NearEaster n Region 87 7 Mediterranean Region 103 8 African Region 121 9 European-Siberian Region 148 10 South American Region 164 11 CentralAmerica n andMexica n Region 185 12 NorthAmerica n Region 199 Specieswithou t an identified region 207 References 209 Indexo fbotanica l names 228 Preface The aimo f thiswor k ist ogiv e thereade r quick reference toth e regionso f diversity ofcultivate d plants.Fo r important crops,region so fdiversit y of related wild species areals opresented .Wil d species areofte nusefu l sources of genes to improve thevalu eo fcrops .
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Ecosystem Services and Urban Phytodiversity Is Be- G.M
    Open Journal of Ecology, 2020, 10, 788-821 https://www.scirp.org/journal/oje ISSN Online: 2162-1993 ISSN Print: 2162-1985 Relationship between Urban Floristic Diversity and Ecosystem Services in the Moukonzi-Ngouaka Neighbourhood in Brazzaville, Congo Victor Kimpouni1,2* , Josérald Chaîph Mamboueni2, Ghislain Bileri-Bakala2, Charmes Maïdet Massamba-Makanda2, Guy Médard Koussibila-Dibansa1, Denis Makaya1 1École Normale Supérieure, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo 2Institut National de Recherche Forestière, Brazzaville, Congo How to cite this paper: Kimpouni, V., Abstract Mamboueni, J.C., Bileri-Bakala, G., Mas- samba-Makanda, C.M., Koussibila-Dibansa, The relationship between ecosystem services and urban phytodiversity is be- G.M. and Makaya, D. (2020) Relationship ing studied in the Moukonzi-Ngouaka district of Brazzaville. Urban forestry, between Urban Floristic Diversity and Eco- a source of well-being for the inhabitants, is associated with socio-cultural system Services in the Moukonzi-Ngouaka Neighbourhood in Brazzaville, Congo. Open foundations. The surveys concern flora, ethnobotany, socio-economics and Journal of Ecology, 10, 788-821. personal interviews. The 60.30% naturalized flora is heterogeneous and https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2020.1012049 closely correlated with traditional knowledge. The Guineo-Congolese en- demic element groups are 39.27% of the taxa, of which 3.27% are native to Received: September 16, 2020 Accepted: December 7, 2020 Brazzaville. Ethnobotany recognizes 48.36% ornamental taxa; 28.36% food Published: December 10, 2020 taxa; and 35.27% medicinal taxa. Some multiple-use plants are involved in more than one field. The supply service, a food and phytotherapeutic source, Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and provides the vegetative and generative organs.
    [Show full text]
  • Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia
    RAP PUBLICATION 2006/07 MANGROVE GUIDEBOOK FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA The designations and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not imply any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO. Authored by: Wim Giesen, Stephan Wulffraat, Max Zieren and Liesbeth Scholten ISBN: 974-7946-85-8 FAO and Wetlands International, 2006 Printed by: Dharmasarn Co., Ltd. First print: July 2007 For copies write to: Forest Resources Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] ii FOREWORDS Large extents of the coastlines of Southeast Asian countries were once covered by thick mangrove forests. In the past few decades, however, these mangrove forests have been largely degraded and destroyed during the process of development. The negative environmental and socio-economic impacts on mangrove ecosystems have led many government and non- government agencies, together with civil societies, to launch mangrove conservation and rehabilitation programmes, especially during the 1990s. In the course of such activities, programme staff have faced continual difficulties in identifying plant species growing in the field. Despite a wide availability of mangrove guidebooks in Southeast Asia, none of these sufficiently cover species that, though often associated with mangroves, are not confined to this habitat.
    [Show full text]