6 X 10.Long.P65

Cambridge University Press 0521631785 - The Cambridge Companion to Bertrand Russell Edited by Nicholas Griffin Index More information

index

ABC of Atoms, The (Russell), 9 percepts, 362–3, 367–8, 399, 414, ABC of Relativity, The (Russell), 9 418n, 460, 466–8 Abel, Niels, 184 physics, 362–3, 402, 460 acquaintance, 33, 347, 350–2, 423–4, scepticism, 33 439–40, 441 structuralism, 399, 414, 466–8 and imagination, 347 structural realism, 34 and inference, 342, 422 Analysis of Mind, The (Russell), 317, and introspection, 347, 422–3 362, 420, 424, 448, 464 and knowledge, 342, 344–5, 352, 355, acquaintance, 439, 441, 442–3, 452 384, 421–4, 426–9, 442, 457 behaviourism, 443–4 and linguistic meaning, 345 beliefs, 354, 356, 441, 443 and memory, 347, 424, 434, 442 causality, 442–3 and perception, 422–4 empiricism, 35 and reasoning, 342 foundationalism, 441 and sensation, 347, 422 functionalism, 443 as mental relations, 341, 342, 344, images, 354, 356, 360, 443 345, 350, 356, 384, 422 introspection, 354, 360 dismissal of, 351–2, 356 knowledge, 440–4 objects of, 342, 422, 423–4 language, 35, 442–3 principle of, 22, 26, 29, 226–7, 239n, matter, 357 341–2, 434 memory, 442 with universals, 426–7 negative facts, 382 analysis, 20, 25, 26, 105, 113–14, 125, neutral monism, 332, 353–7, 366, 153–5, 160n, 163, 167–8, 223, 440–4, 452, 460 310–30, 383, 386n, 436, 439 reliabilism, 442–4, 445 See also logical atomism, logical scepticism (ﬁve-minute hypothesis), construction 33 “Analysis of Mathematical Reasoning, sensations (“neutral stuff”), 32, 336, An” (Russell), 103, 104, 134 354–5, 356, 357, 360, 440, 465 contradiction of relativity, 98, 101–2 analytic philosophy, 128, 153–68, 329 Analysis of Matter, The (Russell), 9, 317, “Analytic Realism” (Russell), 44 365, 406, 411–2, 418n, 461 anarchism, 488 copunctuality, 411, 414 antinomies in Russell’s idealism, events, 32 of free mobility, 96–7 neutral monism, 332, 356, 367–8, of the point, 96, 97, 103 460 of quantity, 98

541

542 index

Austin, J.L., 391 theory of transfinite numbers, 54, 70, Authority and the Individual (Russell), 248 15 topology of classes of points, 53, 54 Autobiography (Russell), 57, 74, 79, capitalism, 11, 489 130–1, 135n, 181n, 283 Carnap, Rudolf, 1, 31, 51n, 78, 157, 168, axioms, 390, 451 of choice (multiplicative), 63–4, 71, Carroll, Lewis, 75 184, 193, 413 Cassirer, Ernst, 76 of infinity, 64, 70, 184–5, 192–3, Cauchy, A.L., 51, 53, 58, 59, 64, 184 297–8, 305, 413 causality, 442–3 of internal relations, 123 Chisholm, Roderick, 44 of reducibility, 70, 184–5, 193, 200, Church, Alonzo, 76, 249, 262n, 289, 297 297–305 Chwistek, Leon, 76, 77 Ayer, A.J., 1, 40, 459, 494, 502 Cocchiarella, Nino B., 245, 272n, 278 communism, 8, 11, 16, 17, 493 Barnes, Albert, 13, 14 consciousness, 461–5 Barnes, W.H.F., 502 contradiction of relativity, 98,101–2 behaviourism, 41, 340, 354, 356, 360–1, Couturat, Louis, 56, 57, 64, 96 362, 369, 443–4, 464 Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of changing human nature, 10n Leibniz, A (Russell), 7, 25, 173, 174 linguistic meaning, 35, 36, 345–6 Cuban missile crisis, 16, 17 methodology, 32, 336, 350, 361, 364, 443 Dawes Hicks, G., 30, 399–401, 417n Behmann, Heinrich, 78 Dedekind, Richard, 53, 54, 58, 85, 184, Bentham, Jeremy, 156, 477–8, 479 243, 248 Bergson, Henri, 41 definition of number, 179 Berkeley, George, 333, 432 theory of numbers, 72, 178–80 Berry, G.G., 63 denotingconcepts, 120, 135, 155, 212, Black, Dora, 8–9, 11, 12 214–22, 225, 227, 237n Bloomsbury group, 8 descriptions, theory of, 23–6, 29, 59, 65, Bohr, Niels, 29 66, 125, 135, 151, 153, 187–8, bolshevism, 8, 9, 10, 501 202–35, 239n, 246, 247, 283, 290, Bolzano, Bernard, 184 388, 392, 393, 430–1 Boole, George, 56, 175 See also “On Denoting” Boolos, George, 305, 419n desire-to-desire theory, 495, 502 Bradley, F.H., 86–8, 95, 100, 102, 103, Descartes, Rene,´ 155, 333, 472 108, 155, 163, 236n, 497 Determinism, 363 Broad, Charlie, D. 18, 89, 366, 453 Donnellan, Keith, 231–2 Brouwer, L.E.J., 76 Dubislav, Walter, 78 Burali-Forti, Cesare, 55, 57, 62, 181 Dummett, Michael, 37, 158, 161, 417n Burali-Forti paradox, 62 Burkamp, Wilhelm, 76 Education and the Social Order Burnyeat, Myles, 401 (Russell), 480, 484 Edwards, Paul, 42 Cantor, Georg, 51, 58, 59, 62, 63, 71, 96, Einstein, Albert, 16, 29 184, 190, 248, 286 “Elements of Ethics, The” (Russell), set theory, 53, 54 475, 498 theory of derived classes, 54, 72 emotivism, 476, 478, 494, 499, 501, theory of the principal order-types, 502–3 56, 72 empiricism, 35, 38–41, 55, 333, 449–50

index 543

error theory, 476, 494, 499–501 Godel,¨ Kurt, 78, 79, 186, 293, 303, 304, Essay on the Foundations of Geometry, 305–6 An (Russell), 4, 55, 88, 89, 90, 103 Goodman, Nelson, 42, 446, 451 extensionality, principle of, 375–7 Grassmann, Hermann G., 54, 56, 184 Greg, W.W., 77 fallibilism, 325 Grelling, Kurt, 69 feminism, 5, 12n Grice, Paul, 230–232 Finch, Edith, 14n Firth, Roderick, 30–1 Haack, Susan, 194 Fodor, Jerry, 440 Hahn, Hans, 78 Fraenkel, W., 51n Hallett, Garth, 35 free logic, 206 Hamilton, William, 184 Freedom and Organization (Russell), 11 Hardy, G.H., 62 Frege, Gottlob, 1, 60–1, 102, 128–68, Has Man a Future? (Russell), 476 185, 243, 288, 313, 375–6, 396, 421, Hausdorff, Felix, 71 430 Hawtrey, Ralph, 66 analysis of number, 72, 139–45, 152–3, Hegel, G.W.F., 88–9, 108, 483 176–8 Heidegger, Martin, 483 analytic philosophy, 153–68 Hilbert, David, 76 ancestral relation, 71, 137 History of Western Philosophy (Russell), arithmetic, 21, 60, 131–2, 152, 176–7, 14, 88, 129, 153, 312, 315n, 482, 194, 241–2 486, 488 definite descriptions, 23, 166–8 Hobbes, Thomas, 480–1, 486–92 definition by abstraction, 143 Holder,¨ Otto, 76 empty names, 166–8 Human Knowledge: Its Scope and equinumerosity, 142–3, 144 Limits (Russell), 14, 312, 317, 323, foundations of mathematics, 128, 328n, 452, 454, 460 176–7 defeasible reasoning, 42 hereditary properties, 136–7 Hume’s principle, 143, 147, 150, 176 Goodman’s riddle, 42, 446–7 logicism, 21, 60, 132, 137, 144–5, 153, inference, 41–42, 318–319, 445–7, 461, 175, 184, 194 469–73 mathematical logic, 19, 60 neutral monism, 332, 356, 365–6 quantification theory, 23, 24, 132–3, postulates of non-demonstrative 175–80 inference, 42–3, 318, 319–20, 326, relational propositions, 132, 133, 135 470–3 Russell paradox, 60, 146–52, 180–2, probability, 319, 365 243, 287, 289–90 reliabilism, 447–8, 471–2 sense/reference distinction, 210, 214, representationalism, 402 236n, 238n scientific knowledge, 318, 319, 324, symbolization, 131–2 365, 446, 466–7, 469 unity of proposition, 162–5 sensations, 399 “The Fundamental Ideas and Axioms of solipsism, 446 Mathematics” (Russell), 20–1, 104–6 Human Society in Ethics and Politics (Russell), 475, 476, 489, 501, 503 Genocchi, Angelo, 54 humanistic amoralism, 501 geometry, 69, 73 Hume, David, 39, 155, 338–9, 462, 475, general metrical, 90–3 503 German Social Democracy (Russell), Hume’s principle, 143, 147, 150, 176 5, 17 Husserl, Edmund, 102, 105, 326

544 index

Icarus (Russell), 10 logical synthesis, 312 idealism, 85–104, 153, 213–4, 327, realism, 188 462–3, 497–8 structuralism, 396–7, 399 antimony of free mobility, 96–7 “Is Mathematics Purely Linguistic?” antimony of the point, 96, 97 (Russell), 192n antimony of quantity, 98 “Is There an Absolute Good?” (Russell), arithmetic, 97–8 499 Bradley, F.H., 86–7, 88, 100, 103, 108, 236n, 497 James, William, 335, 339, 343–4, 356, conceptual structures, 207–8 439, 443, 460, 461, 462–3 contradiction of relativity, 99–102 Johnsen, B., 42 general metrical geometry, 90–3 Johnson, W.E., 326 Hegel, G.W.F., 89, 108, 236n Jourdain, Philip, 62 immortality, 497 Kant, Immanuel, 89–90, 91, 102–3, Kant, Immanuel, 89–90, 91, 102–3, 108, 108, 236n 122, 241–2, 333, 397–8, 410, 469 McTaggart, J.M.E., 87, 88, 89, 108–9, Keynes, John Maynard, 77 497 Keyser, Cassius J., 64 Moore, G.E., 103–4, 108 Khrushchev, Nikita, 15–16, 17 pluralism, 87–8, 109 knowledge, 33–4, 420–48, 450–73 psychologism, 19–20, 103, 207–8 by acquaintance, 421, 422, 424, 426–7, relations, 88 428, 442, 457 science, 88–90, 93–6, 98–100 by causation, 447–8 Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, An derivative, 421, 427, 430, 457, 458 (Russell), 41, 317, 328n, 404–5, 406, by description, 421, 430–3, 438, 457 461 intuitive, 421, 422, 424, 428–30, 434, behaviourism, 36, 364 458 empiricism, 38 mathematical, 200–1 foundationalism, 445 scientiﬁc, 18, 318, 319, 324, 365, 446, hierarchy of languages, 36 466–7, 469 knowledge, 364, 445 “Knowledge by Acquaintance and law of excluded middle, 36–8 Knowledge by Description” logical positivism, 364–5 (Russell), 22n, 44, 237n, 240n, 342, logical truth, 38 455 neutral monism, 332, 364 multiple relation theory of judgment, ordinary language, 364 28n, 453–4 realism versus anti-realism, 37–8 principle of acquaintance, 239n, 342 reference, 35–6 theory of descriptions, 29, 239n reliabilism, 445 Kripke, Saul, 232–5 scepticism, 445, 450 structuralism, 405 labour party, 8, 9, 10, 14 Introduction to Mathematical Leibniz, Gottfried, 7, 18, 173–6, 241, Philosophy (Russell), 131, 138, 313, 242, 333 412, 437 Lesniewski, Stanislav, 76 analysis, 153n, 154n, 163n Lewis, C.I., 74 axioms, 192–3 limitation of size, 183, 245 classes, 145–6, 189 “Limits of Empiricism, The” (Russell), deﬁnition of number, 314 41 logicism, 79n “L’importance philosophique de la logical constructions, 192, 386 logistique” (Russell), 455

index 545

Lindenbaum, Adolf, 304 Meyerson, Emile, 76 Locke, John, 155, 459, 482, 484 metaethics, 477–9, 494 logical atomism, 44, 346, 371–91, 433, Mill, John Stuart, 3, 85, 482, 484 455 Monk, Ray, 327–30 “Logical Atomism” (Russell), 363, 371 Moore, E.H., 62, 76 logical analysis, 311, 312, 314, 439 Moore, G.E., 1, 62, 66, 105n, 108–25, logical construction, 386–8 153n, 235n logical synthesis, 311, 439 analytic philosophy, 128 mathematical knowledge, 200–1 argument from advocacy 495–6 neutral monism, 358, 366 denoting, 120 logical construction, 44–5, 186, 189–92, ethics, 475, 476, 495–6, 498 378, 386–9, 392, 436 idealism, 20, 56, 103–4, 108, 207, logical positivism, 19, 364–5 326 “Logic of Relations, The” (Russell), 21, open question argument, 495–6 135 realism, 20, 56, 74, 103–4, 108–9, logicism, 21, 22, 43, 51, 79n, 105, 132, 121–3, 125, 186, 208–9 150, 153, 171–201, 241–7, 255–6, relations, 121–3 283–4, 304 truth, 109–12 See also under Frege, Principia Morley, Frank, 62 Mathematica, Principles of Morrell, Lady Ottoline, 8, 453, 455 Mathematics Mortals and Others (Russell), 476, Lukasiewicz, Jan, 76, 304 485 multiple relation theory of judgment, MacColl, Hugh, 75n 27–9, 348–9, 353, 374, 381, 423, Mach, Ernst, 335, 339, 343, 356 430–1, 453–4, 461 Mach, James, 39 Myhill, John, 298, 304 Mackie, J.L., 494, 496, 500 My Philosophical Development Malleson, Lady Constance, 8, 9, 14 (Russell), 4, 14, 40, 187n, 192n, 316, “Man’s Peril” (Russell), 16 453, 460, 461, 465 Marsh, Robert C., 44 analysis, 153n, 160n, 163n, 312, Marriage and Morals (Russell), 476 320–3, 325, 386n marxism, 5, 493, 494 ancestral relations, 130n mathematical knowledge, 198–9 behaviourism, 360 materialism, 335–7, 354, 366, 367, 369, Bergson, 41 464–5, 493 Frege, 130n, 131 “Mathematical Logic as Based on the Theory of Types” (Russell), 44, 45, general theory of relativity, 94n 66, 183, 280, 281, 282, 291 Godel,¨ 79 “Mathematics and Metaphysicians” idealism, 85, 100, 108 (Russell), 181n Moore, G.E., 104, 108 McGill, V.G., 481 neutral monism, 364, 452 McKinney, J.P., 320–326 nominalism, 377 McTaggart, J.M.E., 4, 39, 87–8, 89, 108, Peano, 57 497 pluralism, 100, 157 Meinong, Alexius, 24, 39, 108, 158, 211, realism, 20, 104, 108 238, 326, 343, 347, 348, 388, 461, scientiﬁc knowledge, 18 462 Sidgwick, 495 “Meinong’s Theory of Complexes and theory of descriptions, 218 Assumptions” (Russell), 108–9, 111, Whitehead, 357 118, 126n, 251, 253 Wittgenstein, 79, 160n

546 index

nazism, 10, 12 “On Some Difficulties in the Theory of “Necessity and Possibility” (Russell), Transfinite Numbers and Order 127 Types” (Russell), 247 Newman, Max, 34, 77, 410–1, 413–4, “On Substitution” (Russell), 256, 258, 419n, 468 266n, 272n new realists, 335, 343–4, 348, 356 “On the Substitutional Theory of “Newly Discovered Maxims of La Classes and Relations” (Russell), Rochefoucauld” (Russell), 501 247 neutral monism, 32, 332–70, 384, open question argument, 495–6, 498 439–44, 452, 460, 461–6 ordinary language, 1, 334–5, 341 Nicod, Jean, 74 Our Knowledge of the External World Nietzsche, Friedrich, 3, 476 (Russell), 45n, 74, 75, 76, 163n, 366, no-classes theory, 183, 246, 247 433, 455, 458–9 no conscription fellowship, 7, 8 acquaintance, 31, 350 nominalism, 377–80 definition of number, 189 normative ethics, 477–9 existential hypothesis, 193 number, analyses of, 72, 139–46, 152–3, logical-analytic method of scientific 176–80, 184, 189, 304, 314 philosophy, 325, 434, 436 logical atomism, 433 “Observations on Space and Geometry” logical constructions, 44–5, 392 (Russell), 95 Occam’s razor, 188 Ogden, C.K., 77 phenomenalism, 392 “On the Constituents of Space” regressive analysis, 154–5 (Russell), 105n Outline of Philosophy, An (Russell), 365 “On Denoting” (Russell), 24–6, 44, 64, behaviourism, 360–1, 445 127n, 158, 167, 202, 219, 223–7, determinism, 363 254, 341–2, 388n, 393, 430 neutral monism, 332, 356, 361–2 Gray’s Elegy argument, 45 normative ethics, 477 principle of acquaintance, 226–7, percepts, 361, 362, 363, 445 341–2 physics, 361, 362 On Education (Russell), 10, 480 psychology, 360–3 “On the Existential Import of reliabilism, 444–5 Propositions” (Russell), 217, 218, 238n pacifism, 6, 12, 14 “On Fundamentals” (Russell), 237n, 256 Padoa, Alessandro, 55, 57 “On ‘Insolubilia’ and Their Solution by Peano, Guiseppe, 1, 39n, 57, 80, 130, Symbolic Logic” (Russell), 273–4, 131, 135, 153, 286 277–8, 280, 291 algebra, 54 “On Matter” (Russell), 455 arithmetic, 54, 58 “On Meaningand Denotation” axioms, 154 (Russell), 119 geometry, 54 “On the Nature of Truth” (Russell), 113, logicism, 51n 122, 125, 283 mathematical logic, 54–5, 64–5, 106, “On the Notion of Cause” (Russell), 39 130, 134 “On Propositions” (Russell), 22n, 31–3, method of axiomatization, 54 35, 351–2, 353, 383, 442, 461 natural numbers, 184, 304 “On the Relations of Universals and symbolic logic, 21 Particulars” (Russell), 39, 41 Pears, D.F., 38–40 “On Scientific Method in Philosophy” Pearsall Smith, Alys, 4, 5, 6–7, 8, 12 (Russell), 434, 436, 499 Philosophical Essays (Russell), 344

index 547

“Philosophical Importance of cyclic families, 72 Mathematical Logic, The” (Russell), derived classes, 72 44 descriptions, theory of 66, 283, 431 “Philosophy of Logical Atomism, The” facts, 380–1 (Russell), 31, 44, 224, 359, 376n, finite and transfinite numbers, 66, 70, 441–2 184 analysis, 153n, 163, 167–8, 313, 315, geometry, 69, 73 321, 327, 383, 436 identity of indiscernibles, 376 classes, 189, 351 incomplete symbols, 222 knowledge, 436–8 integers, 72 logical atomism, 346, 371–2, 378–83 irrational numbers, 72 logical constructions, 378, 389, 436 logical atomism, 372, 373 multiple relation theory of judgment, logical constructions, 186, 388 453 logicism, 32n, 68–9, 70, 101n, 105, negative facts, 382 183–6, 199–200 neutral monism, 332, 346, 351, 461 mathematical logic, 68, 185 particulars, 351 multiple relation theory of judgments, science, 313–4 28, 283, 373, 374, 381, 431 simples, 316, 321 negative numbers, 72 theory of descriptions, 227–8 neutral monism, 372 theory of types, 379–80 order, 101n physics, 9, 18, 29, 333–4, 336–7, 340, ordinals, 68, 71 355–6, 359, 361–2, 363, 366, 439, paradoxes, 69, 70, 185 440, 449, 450 propositional functions, 27, 66, 69, 70, Pieri, Mario, 55, 57 185, 186, 189n, 293, 294–5, 302, “Place of Science in a Liberal Education, 375, 376, 431 The” (Russell), 499 propositions, 32, 66, 69, 373, 378 Poincare,´ Henri, 56, 64, 69, 91, 183, 195, ramified theory of types, 22, 69–70, 291 184, 185, 186, 270–1, 280, 281–2, “Points about Denoting” (Russell), 127 293–7 Popper, Karl, 325, 493 real numbers, 72 Power: A New Social Analysis (Russell), relations, 69, 71, 72, 73, 138, 294, 11, 502 295 practical ethics, 477–85, 493, 494 set theory, 66, 184 Practice and Theory of Bolshevism, The structuralism, 395 (Russell), 8, 14, 17, 480 substitutional theory, 282–283 pragmatism, 344 synthesis, 312 preaching, 479–480 types, theory of, 22, 69–70, 184, 185, Principia Mathematica (Russell), 5, 6, 186, 270–1, 280, 281–2, 293–7 29, 43, 44, 67–8, 78, 79, 152, 274n, unrestricted variable, 282–3 306n, 453 vicious circle principle, 69 analysis, 20, 311, 314 Principles of Mathematics (Russell), ancestral relation, 71, 72 21n, 45, 61, 62, 74, 79, 98n, 104, arithmetic, 68, 70, 71, 413 127, 129, 158, 290 axiom of choice, 71, 413 analysis, 25, 26, 105, 113–4, 125, axiom of infinity, 70, 184–5, 413 153n, 155, 163, 223, 311 axiom of reducibility, 70, 184–5, 200, classes, 59, 71, 144–6, 291 298, 300, 302, 303–4 definite descriptions, 23–5, 59, cardinals, 68, 70, 71, 413 207 classes, 27, 69, 71, 146, 244 definition by abstraction, 143

548 index

Principles of Mathematics (Cont.) propositions, 20, 22–4, 27, 32, 59, 66, 69, denoting, 23–24, 59, 120, 135, 155, 105, 114–8, 124–5, 156, 160n, 161, 215–8, 220, 252–3, 254 164, 186, 223, 252–3, 350, 373, 378 equinumerosity, 144 psychologism, 19, 103, 104, 453 function-argument analysis, 134 psychological egoism, 486–7 language, 224 psychology, 10, 18, 19, 334, 336, 337, logicism, 58–60, 68–9, 105, 181, 339, 340, 355, 356, 362–3, 433, 439, 241–2, 246–7 440, 464, 481, 488–90 meaning, 114 Moore, G.E., 109 quantum theory, 29 ontology, 186, 254–5 Quine, W.V. 1, 22, 24, 76–7, 117, 157n, pluralism, 88 168, 185, 193, 202, 229–30, 239n, principle of acquaintance, 22, 227 240n, 245, 249, 256–7, 280, 304–5, propositions, 20, 22–4, 27, 59, 105, 373, 452 114–8, 124–5, 161, 164, 186, 223, 252–3, 254–5 Ramsey, Frank P., 77, 153, 235n, 279, quantiﬁcation, 59 290, 302–4, 394–6, 416n, 444, 447 realism, 20, 24, 208–9, 211–4 realism, 20, 33, 109–11, 136, 209–14, relations, 59, 71, 88, 138, 383n 220, 222, 335 Russell paradox, 22, 59, 60, 286–7 “Le Realisme Analytique” (Russell), 455 set theory, 58, 59 “Recent Work on the Principles of substitutional theory, 283 Mathematics” (Russell), 180–1 synthesis, 311 regressive method, 197–201 types, theory of, 22, 183, 286–9 “Regressive Method of Discovering the Principles of Social Reconstruction Premises of Mathematics, The” (Russell), 476, 481, 482, 484, 488, (Russell), 93, 154, 195, 196, 197, 490 198, 199, 201 problem of empty names, 166–8 Reid, Thomas, 496–7 Problems of Philosophy, The (Russell), “Relation of Sense-Data to Physics, 30, 44, 76, 240n, 417n, 445 The” (Russell), 31n, 188, 189, 346, descriptions, theory of, 29, 393 352, 356, 435, 455, 459 dualism, 359, 366 relativity theory, 29, 336, 357, 363, 419n empiricism, 40 reliabilism, 442–3, 444, 445, 447 Hume, David, 39n Religion and Science (Russell), 479, 484, induction, 39n 494, 502 inference, 446 “Reply to Criticisms” (Russell), 315, knowledge, 41, 420–9, 432, 456, 317, 450, 464, 478, 480, 481, 503 458–9 Richard, Jules, 63 matter, 389 Roads to Freedom (Russell), 488, 489, multiple relation theory of judgment, 490 28n Royce, Josiah, 74, 76 perception, 399, 402, 465 Russell, Frank, 3, 12n principle of acquaintance, 342 Russell paradox, 21–2, 60, 63, 146–52, realism, 435 180–2, 190, 243–4, 286–7, 288–90, representationalism, 402 303 scepticism, 450, 456 Russia, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17 sense-data, 456, 459 Ryle, Gilbert 157n structuralism, 399, 401 subjectivity, 403, 406 Salmon, Wesley, 42 universals, 377 Santayana, 3, 498–9

index 549

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 476 new realists, 343 Scheffer, Henry Maurice, 74 physics, 29 Schlick, Moritz, 78 possibility and necessity, 426 Schmidt, Erhard, 63 pragmatism, 344 Schroder, Ernst, 57, 73, 130 principle of acquaintance, 29, 434 Scientific Outlook, The (Russell), 10 propositions, 347–8, 350, 380 Searle, John, 478 realism, 343 “Seems, Madam? Nay It Is!” (Russell), self-evidence, 433–4 108, 497 Wittgenstein, 31, 453 “Should Socialists Smoke Good “Theory of Logical Types, The” Cigars?” (Russell), 476 (Russell), 187, 374n Sidgwick, Henry, 495, 498, 503 truth and truths, 18, 19, 172–5, 333, dualism of practical reason, 496–7 478–9, 499, 500 Singer, Peter, 478 truth-table method, 74, 302 Smith, Kemp, 39 types, theory of, 28, 69–70, 150, 152, solipsism, 38, 362, 446 182–3, 185, 190, 281, 283, 286–306 Spaier, Albert, 76 ramified, 22, 28, 183, 270–1, 272, Spence, Patricia, 12, 13, 14n 293–9, 301, 302, 305 Spinoza, Baruch, 18, 333, 368 simple, 22, 182–3, 266–70, 271, 286–9, stalinism, 10, 14 302, 305 Stammler, Gerhard, 76 Stebbing, Susan, 77–8 “Ultimate Constituents of Matter, The” Steiner, Mark, 194 (Russell), 455 Stevenson, C.L., 494, 502, 504 Unpopular Essays (Russell), 485 Stout, G.F., 87n, 99n Urmson, J.O., 320–6, 329, 390, 502n Strawson, P.F., 42, 202, 228, 240n, utilitarianism, 479 391 structuralism, 392–416 verificationism, 19, 37, 103 substitutional theory, 27, 45, 65, 66, vicious circle principle, 69, 183, 291–3, 241–84, 290 302, 432 suffrage, 2, 6 Voltaire, 476 Tarski, Alfred, 36, 78n, 303, 304 “Theory of Implication, The” (Russell), “War the Offspringof Fear” (Russell), 251n, 258 489 Theory of Knowledge (Russell), 28, 44, Ward, James, 39, 89, 99, 130 349, 355–6, 366, 431, 436–7, Watson, John, 443 453–4 Weierstrass, Karl, 53, 54, 85, 184, 248 acquaintance, 346, 347, 350, 384, 426, Weyl, Hermann, 303, 305 439–40, 455 Whitehead, Alfred North, 6, 20, 56, 57, analysis, 155, 163n 62, 63, 65, 66, 70, 72, 73, 74, 183–5, argument from illusion, 30 271, 357, 363 atomic propositions, 29 Wiener, Norbert, 73–74 emphatic particulars, 344–5 Wisdom, John, 156, 451 foundationalism, 434 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 77, 152, 238–9n, James, William, 343–4 320, 390, 474 logical data, 434 analytic philosophy, 128, 157n, 329 multiple relation theory of atomic atomic facts, 377–8, 381–2 judgments, 29 five-minute hypothesis, 33n neutral monism, 343–6, 347, 384, 440 hierarchy of languages, 36

550 index

Wittgenstein, Ludwig (Cont.) paradox of analysis, 168 inﬂuence, by Russell, 1, 33n, 35n, propositions, 156, 160n, 350 155n science, 19 inﬂuence, on Russell, 30n, 31, 32n, showingversus saying, 382 35, 36, 74, 155n, 303, 349–50, 375, truth-table method, 74, 302 377, 437, 453 Woodger, J.H., 78n language, 1, 79 world government, 485–93 logical atomism, 44n world war one, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 31, 75 logicism, 195 Wrinch, Dorothy, 76, 77 monism, 78–9 Wundt, Wilhelm, 51n Moorean propositions, 447–8 multiple relation theory of judgment, Zermelo, Ernst, 63, 243, 245, 305 28, 381, 453 zigzag theory, 183, 245, 290