Contents
LIST OF MAPS XXXV
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XXXvii
PREFACE xli
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS liii
GENERAL INTRODUCTION Art, Play, and the Comparative Study of Religion 1
JACK MILES
HINDUISM 53 Introduction: The Zen Diagram of Hinduism 55
WENDY DONIGER
CHRONOLOGY 70
HINDUISM IN SANSKRIT, 1500 B.C.E.-1200 C.E. 77
Ancient Texts, 1500-200 B.C.E. 81
HUMANS, ANIMALS, AND GODS IN THE RIG VEDA, 1500-1000 B.C.E. 83 I Pray to Agni 89 Creation Hymn 89 Aditi and the Birth of the Gods 90 The Hymn of the Primeval Man 92 The Funeral Fire 94 vi I CONTENTS
Burial Hymn 96 Varuna Provoked to Anger 98 Agastya and Lopamudra 99 Have Mercy on Us, Rudra 100 The Three Strides of Vishnu 101
SACRIFICE IN THE BRAHMANAS, 800-500 B.C.E. 103 Shatapatha Brahmana 104 Prajapati Creates Fire 104 The Fish Saves Manu from the Flood 105 Killing the Sacrificial Horse 106 Restoring the Horse 108 Jaiminiya Brahmana 109 How Men Changed Skins with Animals 110 Bhrigu's Journey in the Other World 111 The Gods Make Men Evil 113
RENUNCIATION IN THE UPANISHADS, 600-200 B.C.E. 115 Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 117 The Creator Creates Death 118 Creation 120 Dreaming 121 The Origins of the Self 122 Chandogya Upanishad 123 The Self 123 Transmigration 124 Janashruti and Raikva 128 Shvetashvatara Upanishad 130 The Two Birds 130
THE DISCIPLINE OF MIND AND BODY IN THE YOGA-SUTRA OF PATANJALI, 150 B.C.E. 132 Quieting the Mind. 132
The Age of Ferment, 300 B.C.E-400 C.E. 137
DUTY AND DISASTER IN THE MAHABHARATA OF VYASA, 300 B.C.E.-300 C.E. 140 The Stripping of Draupadi 144 Ekalavya Cuts Off His Thumb 153 The Pandavas Go to Heaven, with a Dog 155 The Churning of the Ocean 159 The End of Female Promiscuity 164 The Karma of Dharma 166 The Dog Who Would Be Lion 168 King Shibi Saves the Dove from the Hawk 170 Daksha's Sacrifice 172 CONTENTS I vii
OBLIGATION, LIBERATION, AND DEVOTION IN THE BHAGAVAD GITA, CA. 100 C.E. 176 Arjuna Questions Krishna 177 The Soul Does Not Die 185 The Two Paths 188 The True Nature of Action 190 The Path of Devotion 192 Salvation and Damnation 193
LOST LOVES AND TRAGIC MISTAKES IN THE RAMAYANA OF VALMIKI, 200 B.C.E.-200 C.E. 196 The Birth of Sita and the Bending of the Bow 199 Dasharatha Kills a Boy He Mistakes for an Elephant 202 The Gods Interrupt Shiva and Parvati 206
THE BRAHMINS EXPLAIN EVERYTHING IN THE SHASTRAS, 100-600 C.E. 210 Manu 212 To Eat or Not to Eat Meat 213 The Dependence of Women 215 Retribution in Rebirth 216 Charaka, Hiranyakeshin, and Varahamihira 220 The Etiology of Diseases 220 How to Perform a Funeral 223 How to Read the Stars 226
The Synthesis of Hinduism, 400-1200 C.E. 231
THE GODS—AND A GODDESS—IN THE PURANAS, 400-1200 C.E. 233 The Puranic World 235 The Fruits of Hearing a Purana: Devaraja the Sinner 235 The Four Ages 238 The Transfer of Karma in Hell 242 Shiva 244 The Origin of Linga Worship 245 How Rudra Destroys the Universe 248 Mankanaka Dances for Shiva 250 Vishnu 252 Vishnu as the Buddha 252 Vishnu as Kalki 255 Krishna 257 Krishna Kills the Ogress Putana 257 Krishna's Mother Looks Inside His Mouth 260 Devi, the Goddess 262 The Birth of the Goddess 263 The Death of the Buffalo Demon 266 Shrines and Pilgrimages 267 The Descent of the Ganges 268 The River Yamuna 269 viii I CONTENTS
The Virtues of Varanasi 271 The Pilgrimage of Shiva to Varanasi 273 Yudhishthira at Prayaga 275 Medicine and Ethics 278 Embryology 278 Suffering 280 Hell 282
SECTS AND SEX IN THE TANTRAS 285 Tantric Points in the Body 286 The Tantric Gander 287 Terrifying Tantric Visions 288 The Five Elements of Tantric Ritual 289 Tantric Sins of Excess 291
THEOLOGY AND/OR PHILOSOPHY IN THE VEDANTA 295 Shankara Dreams 296 Ramanuja Dreams 299 The Man Who Built a House of Air 302
VERNACULAR HINDUISM IN SOUTH INDIA, 800-1800 C.E. 305 Tamil Finds its Many Voices, 800 to 1300 311
THE TIRUVAYMOLI ("SACRED SPOKEN WORD") OF NAMMALVAR 313 He Is Both the Crooked and the Straight 314 Worker of Miracles 314 You Do Stunts 315 Look Here 316 It's True 316 Talking of Monism 317 Kings Who Rule the Earth All Alone 318 Our Masters 318 Who Is He Possessing the Highest Good? 319 Beyond the Range 319 If You Say He Exists 320 He Is Diffused in Every Drop 320 People of This World 321 Lord of Shiva 321 He Became and Exists 321 The Whirling Age of Kali Ends 322 Monarch of Lions 322 Perhaps You Will Destroy My Sorrow 323 You Do Not Come 323 I Shall Die If You Go to Graze the Cows 324 You Were Gone the Whole Day 324 CONTENTS I ix
THE TEVARAM ("GARLAND OF GOD") OF CUNTARAR 325 A Dog Am I 325 You Won't Remove the Fierce Karma 326 You Slew a Murderous Elephant 327 What Is the Use of Release? 327 You Kill Time Telling Lies 329 When I Hear Death Has Come 329 Can't You See How False They Are 330 I Placed Before Him 330 I Don't Call to Him as My Mother 331
THE PERIYA PVRANAM ("GREAT PURANA") OF CEKKILAR 332 Maran Feeds a Guest 333 Kannappar Gives His Eye to Shiva 335
THE CILAPPATIKARAM ("THE TALE OF AN ANKLET") OF ILANKO ATIKAL 346 Pattini Is Worshipped 347
Shiva's Warriors and Wives in Kannada, 800-1700 351
BASAVA AND THE VIRASHAIVAS 352 Shiva, You Have No Mercy 352 As a Mother Runs 353 The Master of the House 354 Does It Matter How Long 354 When a Whore with a Child 355 I Went to Fornicate 355 Don't You Take On 356 The Pot Is a God 356 The Rich Will Make Temples 357
MAHADEVIYAKKA: A VIRASHAIVA WOMAN POET-SAINT 358 My Body Is Dirt 358 Husband Inside 358 Who Cares 359 If One Could 360 People, Male and Female 360
Passion for God in Telugu, 1100-1300 363
THE BASAVA PURANA ("THE ANCIENT STORY OF BASAVA") OF PALKURIKISOMANATHA 364 The Story of the Eggplants That Became Lingas 365 The Herdswoman's Buttermilk Pot 365 The Foxes That Became Horses 366 I CONTENTS
TEMPLE POEMS FROM TIRUPATI BY ANNAMAYYA 367 Why Cross the Boundary 367 Seeing Is One Thing 368 I'll Serve You as Best I Can 369 Lord, I Give Up 369 You Think I'm Someone Special 370 It's No Small Thing 371 I Was Better Off Then 372
POEMS BY KSHETRAYYA 373 A Courtesan to a Young Customer 373 A Courtesan to Her Lover 374 A Courtesan to Her Friend 375 A Married Woman to Her Lover 376
Falling at Shiva's Feet and Rama's Feet in Malayalam, 1850-1950 379
KUMAR AN ASAN 379 Feet Like Lotus Powder 380 Sita Lost in Thought 382
DIASPORA INTERLUDE: HINDUISM IN CAMBODIA, JAVA, AND BALI 388 The Sdok Kak Thorn Inscription 389 The Perfect Knowledge 391 The Romance of Arjuna and Ulupi 394
VERNACULAR HINDUISM IN NORTH INDIA, 800-1900 402 The Emergence of Hindi 407
THE BIJAK ("SEEDLING") OF KABIR 409 Saints, I've Seen Both Ways 410 Brother, Where Did Your Two Gods Come From? 411 That Con Man Hari 411 Here's How the World Fights against God 412 The Pandits' Pedantries Are Lies 413 Pandit, Look in Your Heart for Knowledge 413 Think, Pandit, Figure It Out 414 Hey Pandits, Who Didn't Die? 415 Pandit, Think Before You Drink 415 She Went with Her Husband 416 Beast-meat and Man-meat 417 It's a Heavy Confusion 418 CONTENTS I xi
The Self Forgets Itself 418 Qazi, What Book Are You Lecturing On? 419
SURDAS 420 If You Drink the Milk 420 Far Off and Furtive 421 Look, My Friend 422 She's Found Him 422 Radha Is Lost 423 With Love There's Never a Thought 423 Black Storm Clouds 424 Gopal Has Slipped In 425 Thoughts of Him Stalk Me 425 Ever Since Your Name Has Entered 426 Having Seen Hari's Face 426 Madhav, Please, Control That Cow 427
MIRABAI 429 I'm Colored with the Color of Dusk 429 Life without Hari 430 The Bhil Woman Tasted Them 430 Sister, I Had a Dream 431 Oh, the Yogi 432 Let Us Go to a Realm Beyond Going 433
TULSI DAS 434 The Fire of My Stomach 434 It Is Said in Ancient Writings 435 A Blind, Mean-minded 436 Say Ram, Say Ram, Say Ram 437 The Name of King Ram 437 O Shiva, Great Giver 438 This Darkest of Ages 439 Ramcharitmanas ("The Holy Lake of the Acts of Rama") 440 Sati Takes the Form of Sita 442 The Crow and Anasuya 445 The Mutilation of Shurpanakha 448 The Abduction of Sita 452
Tukaram of Maharashtra Says No! 1608-1649 459
GODS AND NOT SO HOLY MEN 461 I Was Only Dreaming 461 Insects in a Fig 462 I Pretend to Laugh 463 When My Father Died 463 I Was Held Captive 464 The Thug Has Arrived 465 God's Own Dog 466 xii I CONTENTS
Lord You Could Become 466 With a Bizarrely Painted Face 467 The Great Mother of the Shakta 468 The Ascetic 468 Once There Was a Celibate Man 469 The Real Reason Why You Created 469
CASTE AND THE VARKARIS 470 By Caste and Lineage a Shudra 470 I've Not a Single Fraud 472 Good You Made Me a Kunbi 472 We Are Lucky! We Are Lucky! 473 I Feel Shame When People Honor Me 473 Born of Shudra Family 474 What Will I Gain by Remaining Deferent? 474 Oh Listen Now to Me 475
CRITIQUE OF BRAHMINS 476 He's Not a Brahmin Who Abhors 476 He Sells His Daughter, Cows, and Stories 476 The Cunning Grab for Coins 477 If You Don't Keep the Ashramas 478 Brahmachari Dharma Is Reciting the Vedas 478 Call Him Pandit, He's in Bliss 479
ILLUSION AND BHAKTI 480 It Is for This I Wander Wild 480 A God without a Devotee 481 Hari, You Are Cruel and without Qualities 481 I Gave Birth to Myself 482 We've Treated Moksha with Scorn Because 483 Silence in Speech, Life in Death 483 Brahma Is Illusion, Say the Crooks of Religion 484 Accumulating Wealth by a Noble Business 484 Avatar of Buddha, O My Invisible One 485 I've Built a House in Boundless Space 485
Love and Anger in Bengal, 1500-1872 487
JAYADEVA 490 The Ten Avatars of Vishnu 490
VIDYAPATI 493 The Necklace-Snake 493 Counterfeit 494 Let No One Be a Girl 494 My Body Hid My Body 495 As the Mirror to My Hand 495 Children, Wife, Friend 496 CONTENTS I xiii
CHANDIDAS 497 What God Is That 497 He Was Black 498 It's No Use Telling Me 498 Mastering Sahaja Love 499 My Body Corrodes 499 Beloved, What More Shall I Say? 500
GOVINDA-DAS 501 0 Madhava 501 The Marks of Fingernails 502
BALARAMA-DAS 503 A Wicked Woman 503
CHAITANYA AND KRISHNADAS KAVIRAJA 504 An Encounter with the Dual Form 505
RUPA GOSWAMIN 507 The General Characteristics of Devotion 508 The Eightfold Activities of Radha and Krishna 512
NAROTTAMA DAS 514 Poems to Krishna and Radha 514
KETAKA DAS 516 The Birth of Manasa 517 Chando Defies Manasa 520 Chando Comes Home 527 Manasa Relents 528
RAMPRASAD SEN 531 1 Spent My Days in Fun 531 Tell Me, Brother, What Happens after Death? 532 What Did I Do Wrong? 532 How Many Times, Mother 533 You Think Motherhood Is Child's Play? 534 Mind, You Gambled 534 I'm Not Calling You Anymore 535 Why Should I Go to Kashi? 535 Mother, Incomparably Arrayed 536
FAKIR LALON SHAH 537 The Bird and the Cage, and the Flower 537
JAMES BATTRAY AND W. H. MACNAGHTEN 539 Hindoo Widows, &c. 539 Questions to the Pundits of the Court of Sudder Dewanny Adawlat 541 v I CONTENTS
RAMMOHUN ROY 548 The Practice of Burning Widows Alive 548
MICHAEL MADHUSUDAN DATTA 556 The Funeral Rites of Meghanada 557
SWAMIVIVEKANANDA 560 Speeches to the World's Parliament of Religions, Chicago 1893 560
THE HINDU AUTHORS OF MODERNITY, 1900 AND AFTER 563 Folk, Tribal, and Dalit Hinduism 569
FOLK HINDUISM 571 Gujarat The Goddess of Mahi River 571 Lord Shiva and the Satwaras 573 The Origin of the Shiva-linga at Bhimnath 575 Nagaland The Girl Who Was Loved by a Tree Spirit 577 Bengal The Birth and Marriage of Shiva 578 The Origin of the Temple at Tarakeshvar 580 The Brahmin Who Swallowed a God 582 If God Is Everywhere 584 Nonviolence 585 Walking on Water 585 Andhra Pradesh How Tenali Rama Became a Jester 586 Tenali Rama's Ramayana 586 The Guru and the Idiot 587
ADIVASI (TRIBAL) HINDUISM 589 Gonds 589 Mahadeo and Parvati Were Living in the Binjpahar Hills 590 In the Under World 591 An Old Gond and His Wife 592 Formerly the Whole Country Belonged to the Gond 592 A Chamar's Sons 593 Rajnengi Pardhan 594 The Sun and the Moon 594 One Night while Sita and Rama Were Lying Together 595 When Cows Were First Born 597 Before Mahadeo Sent Men to Live 598 Muria 598 When This World Was First Made 598 Long Ago Men Could Read the Future 600 CONTENTS I xv
Other Tribal Groups 600 Bhagavan Wanted to Piss (Gogia Pardhan) 600 Why Men and Animals No Longer Talk Together {Ahir) 601 There Was No Death (Juang) 602 There Was Once a God Called Amrit (Kol) 605
DALIT HINDUISM 606 Dr. Ambedkar's Speech at Mahad 607 Which Language Should I Speak? (Arun Kamble) 615 You Who Have Made the Mistake (Baburao Bagul) 615 The Story of 'My Sanskrit' (Kumud Pawde) 616 Angulimal (Tryambak Sapkale) 625 Eklavya (Tryambak Sa-pkale) 626 For I Am Brahma (Narayan Surve) 627 Every Woman in This Country (Kamla Bhasin) 627
Hinduism and the Twentieth-Century Writer 631
RABINDRANATH TAGORE 633 Gitanjali 633 Mind Without Fear 634 Fool 634 Leave This 635 Seashore 635 Sail Away 636 Maya 636 Song Unsung 637 Lost Time 638 Distant Time 638 Endless Time 638
MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI 640 The Gospel of Selfless Action 640
PREM CHAND 648 The Shroud 648
NIRALA 655 A Look at Death 655 Giving 656 Blood Holi 658 Shurpanakha 659
MAHASVETA DEVI 670 Dopdi (Draupadi) 671
ANANTHA MURTHY 682 Samskara: A Rite for a Dead Man 682 xvi I CONTENTS
ANUMANDLA BHUMAYYA 687 Kausalya in Fury 687
VILAS SARANG 690 Rudra the Untouchable God 690
SALMAN RUSHDIE 698 Midnight's Children 698
PURUSHOTTAM NAGESH OAK 701 The Taj Mahal Is a Hindu Palace 701
KANCHAILAIAH 707 Hindu Gods and Us 708
A. K. RAMANUJAN 720 Mythologies 1: Putana 720 Mythologies 2: Nara-Simha 721 Mythologies 3: Mahadevyakka 722
BUDDHISM 725 Introduction: In the World of the Buddha 727
DONALD S. LOPEZ, JR.
CHRONOLOGY 760
Buddhism in India 769
THE SHARED TRADITION 774
How Our World Began 774 KNOWLEDGE OF ORIGINS (The Agganna Sutta) 774
King Shibi Rescues a Dove 782 THE SHIBI JATAKA 782
Prince Vessantara Gives Away His Children 791 THE VESSANTARA JATAKA 791
The Buddha Remembers His Mother's Tears 801 THE NOBLE SEARCH (The Ariyapariyesana Sutta) 801
The Life of the Buddha 813 ACCOUNT OF THE BEGINNING (The Nidanakatha) 813 CONTENTS I xvii
The Buddha's Final Days 840 GREAT DISCOURSE ON THE FINAL NIRVANA (The Mahaparinibbana Sutta) 840
The Buddha's First Sermon 859 SETTING THE WHEEL OF THE DHARMA IN MOTION (The Dhammachakkappavattana Sutta) 859
The Buddha Belittles the Brahmins 863 THE THREE KNOWLEDGES (The Tevijja Sutta) 863
The Benefits of Mindfulness 875 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MINDFULNESS (The Satipatthana Sutta) 875
Early Aphorisms 884 VERSES OF THE DHARMA (The Dhammapada) 884 Chapter I. The Pairs 885 Chapter II. Awareness 887 Chapter HI. The Mind 888 Chapter IV. Flowers 889 Chapter V. The Childish 891 Chapter XI. Old Age 892
The Beginnings of Buddhist Philosophy 894 THE CHAPTER ON THE GOAL (The Atthakavagga) 894 1. On Desire 895 2. Eight Stanzas on the Cave 895 3. Eight Stanzas on the Impure 896 4. Eight Stanzas on the Pure 896 5. Eight Stanzas on the Ultimate 897 6. On Aging 897 7. Dialogue with Tissa Metteyya 898 8. Discourse with Pasura 899 9. Dialogue with Magandiya 899 10. Before the Body Breaks Down 901 11. Contentions and Disputes 901 12. Shorter Discourse on Taking Sides in Disputes 903 13. Longer Discourse on Taking Sides in Disputes 904 14. The Quick Way 905 15. The Violent Way 907 16. Dialogue with Sariputta 908
Wander Solitary as a Rhinoceros Horn 910 THE RHINOCEROS HORN SUTTA (The Khaggavisana Sutta) 910
Nuns Achieve Nirvana 914 SONGS OF THE FEMALE ELDERS (The Therigatha) 914 Panchasata Patachara 916 Vasitthi 916 Khema 916 I CONTENTS
Sujata 917 Anopama 917 Mahapajapati Gotami 917 Gutta 918 Vijaya 918
The Life Well Lived 918 DISCOURSE ON GOOD FORTUNE (The Mangala Sutta) 918
Kunala Loses His Eyes 920 LEGEND OF ASHOKA (The Ashokavadana) 920
The Meaning of Love 930 DISCOURSE ON LOVING-KINDNESS (The Metta Sutta) 930
How to Meditate on Love 931 Buddhaghosa • PATH OF PURIFICATION (The Visuddhimagga) 931
The Workings of the Law of Karma 949 Vasubandhu • TREASURY OF HIGHER DOCTRINE (The Abhidharmakosha) 949
MAHAYANA SUTRAS 960
The Lotus Sutra 960 WHITE LOTUS OF THE TRUE DHARMA (The Saddharmapundarika) 960 Chapter III. A Parable 964
A Layman Humbles the Monks 986 THE VIMALAKIRTI SUTRA 986 Chapter II. Skillful Means 987 Chapter III. Disciples 990
The Pure Land 998 DISCOURSE ON THE LAND OF BLISS (The Sukhavativyuha Sutra) 998
The Diamond Sutra 1007 THE PERFECTION OF WISDOM THAT RENDS LIKE A THUNDERBOLT (The Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita) 1007
The Buddha Nature Lies Hidden Within 1022 DISCOURSE ON THE BUDDHA NATURE (The Tathagatagarbha Sutra) 1022
The Heart Sutra 1044 DISCOURSE ON THE HEART OF THE PERFECTION OF WISDOM (The Prajnaparamitahridaya Sutra) 1044 CONTENTS I xix
MAHAYANA TREATISES 1048
On the Meaning of Emptiness 1048 Nagarjuna • VERSES ON THE MIDDLE WAY (The Madhyamakakarika) 1048 XVIII. An Analysis of the Self 1050 XXII. An Analysis of the Tathagata 1051 XXIV. An Analysis of the Noble Truths 1053 XXVI. An Analysis of the Twelve-Fold Chain 1055
In Praise of the Empty Buddha 1057 Nagarjuna • FOUR HYMNS (The Catuhstava) 1057 Hymn to the Incomparable One 1058 Hymn to the Ultimate 1060 Hymn to the One Beyond the World 1061 Hymn to the Inconceivable One 1063
Advice to a King 1067 Matricheta • LETTER TO KANISHKA (The Kanishkalekha) 1067
How to Be a Bodhisattva 1077 Shantideva • INTRODUCTION TO THE PRACTICE OF THE RODHISATTVA PATH (The Bodhicaryavatara) 1077 Chapter I. The Power of a Commitment to Awakening 1079 Chapter II. Confession of Sins 1081 Chapter III. Taking Possession of the Thought of Awakening 1084 Chapter IV. Vigilance in Preserving the Thought of Awakening 1086 Chapter V. Protecting the Thought of Awakening 1089 Chapter VI. The Virtue of Patience 1095 Chapter VII. The Perfection of Fortitude 1102 Chapter VIII. The Perfection in Meditation 1106 Chapter IX. The Perfection of Discernment 1114 Chapter X. Dedication of Merit 1120
How to Meditate on Emptiness 1123 Kamalashila • STAGES OF MEDITATION (The Bhavanakrama) 1123
BUDDHIST TANTRA 1146
Rituals for a Better Rebirth 1146 TANTRA ON THE COMPLETE PURIFICATION OF ALL NEGATIVE PLACES OF REBIRTH (The Sarvadurgatiparishodhana Tantra) 1146 Mandala of the King of Long Life 1147 xx I CONTENTS
How to Practice Tantra 1153 TANTRA ON THE COMPLETE ENLIGHTENMENT OF VAIROCHANA (The Vairochanabhisambodhi Tantra) 1153 Mantra Deeds 1154
Tantric Masters 1160 Abhayadatta • LIVES OF THE EIGHTY-FOUR SIDDHAS (The Chaturashitisiddhaprevritti) 1160 Virupa 1162 Saraha 1164 Nagarjuna 1166
Ever in the Female Form 1168 IN PRAISE OF THE TWENTY-ONE TARAS 1168
Buddhism in China 1173
Buddhism Comes to China 1178 THE SCRIPTURE IN FORTY-TWO SECTIONS (The Sishi'er Zhang Jing) 1178
A Buddhist Apocryphon 1185 TREATISE ON THE AWAKENING OF FAITH ACCORDING TO THE MAHAYANA (The Dasheng Qixin Lun) 1185 Part 4. On Faith and Practice 1187
A Chinese Pilgrim Visits the Bodhi Tree 1193 Xuanzang • THE GREAT TANG DYNASTY RECORD OF THE WESTERN WORLD (The Da Tang Xiyu Ji) 1193
Burning the Body for the Buddha 1200 ACCOUNTS IN DISSEMINATION AND PRAISE OF THE LOTUS SUTRA (The Hongzan Fahua Zhuan) 1200
On the Origins of Zen 1213 PLATFORM SUTRA OF THE SIXTH PATRIARCH (The Liuzu Tan Jing) 1213 Number One: Account of Origins 1215
Instructions of a Chan Master 1223 Linji • RECORD OF LINJI (The Linji Lu) 1223
The Ten Kings of Hell 1227 SCRIPTURE ON THE TEN KINGS (The Shiwang Jing) 1227 CONTENTS I xxi
Letters from a Zen Master 1239 Dahui • RECORDS OF POINTING AT THE MOON (The Zhi Yue Lu) 1239 "Do not grasp another's bow" 1240 Dealing with Situations 1242
Chinese Pilgrims Meet the Buddha 1243 Wu Cheng'en • JOURNEY TO THE WEST (The Xi You Ji) 1243
The Bodhisattva Who Bestows Children 1253 DHARANI SUTRA OF FIVE MUDRAS OF THE GREAT COMPASSIONATE WHITE-ROBED ONE (Baiyi Dabei Wuyinxin Tuoluoni Jing) 1253
Buddhism in Korea 1263
Why Practice the Dharma 1265 Wonhyo • AROUSE YOUR MIND AND PRACTICE (Palsim Suhaeng Chang) 1265
The Harmony of Doctrine and Practice 1268 Chinul • SECRETS OF CULTIVATING THE MIND (Susim Kyeol) 1268
Buddhism in Japan 1285
The Glories of the Esoteric 1288 Kukai • TREATISE DISTINGUISHING THE TWO TEACHINGS OF EXOTERIC AND ESOTERIC METHODS (The Benkenmitsu Nikyo Ron) 1288
On the Power ofAmitabha's Vow 1293 Shinran • LAMENTING THE DEVIATIONS (Tannisho) 1293
Treasury of the True Dharma Eye 1307 Dogen • TREASURY OF THE TRUE DHARMA EYE (The Shobogenzo) 1307 Book 28. Paying Obeisance and Getting the Marrow 1309
How Buddhism Protects the Nation 1319 Nichiren • TREATISE ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ORTHODOX TEACHING AND THE PEACE OF THE NATION (The Rissho Ankokuron) 1319 Dialogue I. The Cause of the Calamities 1321 xxii I CONTENTS
Dialogue II. Predictions in the Sutras 1322 Dialogue III. Priests of Today 1326
No Talking in the Hall of Silence 1328 Mujulchien • SAND AND PEBBLES (Shasekishu) 1328
Chido, Who Harms the Nation, Wrote This 1335 DREAMS OF BUDDHISM (Buppo Yume Monogatari) 1335
A Conversation with Skeletons 1344 Ikkyu • SKELETONS (Gaikotsu) 1344
You Poor Hole-Dwelling Devil 1350 Hakuin • ORATEGAMA 1350
Buddhism in Tibet 1359
How to Exchange Self and Other 1362 Chekawa • COMMENTARY ON EIGHT VERSES FOR TRAINING THE MIND (The Lojong Tsik Gyeme Drelpa) 1362
Milerepa Meditates on His Mother's Bones 1372 Tsangnyon Heruka • BIOGRAPHY OF MILAREPA (The Mile Namtar) 1372 Chapter 9 [The Journey Home] 1373
The Stages of the Path to Enlightenment 1378 Tsongkhapa • GREAT EXPOSITION OF THE STAGES OF THE PATH (The Lam Rim Chen Mo) 1378
The Path and the Result 1383 Mangtho Ludrup Gyatso • HEART OF THE PRACTICE (Nyamlen Nyingpo) 1383
A Tibetan Book of the Dead 1393 Janggya • MOONLIGHT BESTOWING THE COOLING COMPLETE BLISS (Dende Silwa Derje Daser) 1393
Severing the Demon of the Self 1406 Patrul Rinpoche • WORDS OF MY PERFECT TEACHER (Kunzang Lame Shelung) 1406 The Kusali's Accumulation: Destroying the Four Demons at a Single Stroke 1407 CONTENTS I xxiii
Modern Buddhism 1417
Buddhism Comes to Chicago 1421 Anagarika Dharmapala • THE WORLD'S DEBT TO BUDDHA 1421
Buddhism Returns to India 1438 B. R. Ambedkar • BUDDHA OR KARL MARX 1438
How to Meditate 1443 Mahasi Sayadaw • PRACTICAL VIPASSANA EXERCISES 1443 Part I. Basic Practice 1444
San Francisco Zen 1452 Shunryu Suzuki • ZEN MIND, BEGINNER'S MIND 1452 Control 1454 Mind Waves 1455 Bowing 1456 Zen and Excitement 1458
An American Sutra 1459 GarySnyder • SMOKEY THE BEAR SUTRA 1459
Buddhist Monk Wins Nobel Peace Prize 1463 The Dalai Lama • THE NOBEL EVENING ADDRESS 1463
DAOISM i47i Introduction: Daoism Lost and Found 1473
JAMES ROBSON
CHRONOLOGY 1497
The Dawn of Daoism: From the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 B.C.E.) through the Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.E.) 1505
THE BOOK OF MASTER MO (Mozi) 1511 From Against the Confucians 1511 xxiv I CONTENTS
THE SCRIPTURE OF THE WAY AND ITS VIRTUE (Daode jing, or Laozi) 1513 From Book One 1515 From Book Two 1521
THE BOOK OF MASTER ZHUANG (Zhuangzi) 1525 Free and Easy Wandering 1526 The Secret of Caring for Life 1530 In the World of Men 1531 Mastering Life 1538
MASTER OF HUAINAN (Huainan-zi) 1545 From One. Originating in the Way 1546 From Two. Activating the Genuine 1553
FROM INWARD TRAINING (Neiye) 1556
FROM THE SEAL OF THE UNITY OF THE THREE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BOOK OF CHANGES (Zhouyi cantong qi) 1561
THE BOOK OF MASTER HAN FEI (Han Feizi) 1570 From Explaining the Laozi (jielao) 1571
THE OLD MAN BY THE RIVER COMMENTARY (Heshang gong) 1580 Chapter 3. How to Pacify People 1581
Sima Tan • FROM ESSENTIAL POINTS ON THE SIX LINEAGES OF THOUGHT (Lun liujia yaozhi) 1582
Classical Daoism Takes Shape: From the Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E.-22O C.E.) through the Six Dynasties Period (220-589 C.E.) 1587
THE SCRIPTURE OF GREAT PEACE (Taiping jing) 1597
Section 41. How to Distinguish between Poor and Rich 1598
THE LAOZI INSCRIPTION (Laozi ming) 1605
SCRIPTURE ON LAOZI'S TRANSFORMATIONS (Laozi bianhua jing) 1609
Cao Zhi • TWO POEMS ON TAISHAN 1612 [Urge on the Carriage] 1612 [In the Morn I Wandered] 1614 Xiang Kai • FROM MEMORIAL TO EMPEROR HUAN CONCERNING BUDDHISM AND DAOISM 1614
Wang Fu • THE CONVERSION OF THE BARBARIANS 1616 CONTENTS I xxv
FROM THE XIANG'ER COMMENTARY ON THE LAOZI (Laozi xiang'er zhu) 1621
FROM COMMANDS AND ADMONITIONS FOR THE FAMILY OF THE GREAT DAO (Dadao jia lingjie) 1630
REGULATIONS OF THE DARK CAPITAL (Xuandu luwen) 1635 Regulations for Petitioning 1636
THE MOST HIGH JADE SCRIPTURE ON THE INTERNAL VIEW OF THE YELLOW COURT (Taishang huangting neijing yujing) 1638
THE ARRAY OF THE FIVE NUMINOUS TREASURE TALISMANS OF THE MOST HIGH (Taishang lingbao wufu xu) 1643 Absorption of Solar and Lunar Essences 1643
INSTRUCTIONS ON THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DIVINE ELIXIRS OF THE NINE TRIPODS OF THE YELLOW EMPEROR (Huangdi jiuding shendan jing) 1646
Ge Hong • THE INNER CHAPTERS OF THE BOOK OF THE MASTER WHO EMBRACES SIMPLICITY (Baopu zi neipian) 1651 Climbing [Mountains] and Fording [Rivers] 1652 Talismans for Entering Mountains 1661
TRADITIONS OF DIVINE TRANSCENDENTS (Shenxian zhuan) 1662 Li Changzai 1663 Mozi 1664 Zhang Ling 1664
FROM THE DEMON STATUTES OF LADY BLUE (Nttqing guilu) 1668
FROM THE RECORD OF THE TEN CONTINENTS (Shizhou ji) 1671
THE 180 PRECEPTS SPOKEN BY LORD LAO
(Laojun shuo yibai bashi jie) 1675
FROM THE SPIRIT SPELLS OF THE ABYSS (Dongyuan shenzhou jing) 1684
THE DECLARATIONS OF THE PERFECTED (Zhen'gao) 1689 The Diffusion of the Corpus 1690 Betrothal 1701 Marriage 1704 MASTER ZHOU'S RECORDS OF HIS COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE UNSEEN (Zhoushi mingtong ji) 1708 From Tao Hongjing's Preface 1709 From Zhou's Records, Annotated by Tao Hongjing 1714 xxvi I CONTENTS
THE MARVELOUS SCRIPTURE IN PURPLE CHARACTERS OF THE LORD EMPEROR OF THE GOLD PORTAL (Huangtian shangqing jinque dijun lingshu ziwen shangjing) 1720 Ingesting Solar and Lunar Pneumas 1721
SCRIPTURE OF THE THREE PRIMORDIAL PERFECTED ONES, BY THE IMPERIAL LORD OF THE GOLDEN PORTAL (Jinque dijun sanyuan zhenyi jing) 1726
FROM THE WONDROUS SCRIPTURE OF THE UPPER CHAPTERS OF LIMITLESS SALVATION (Lingbao wuliang duren shangpin miaojing) 1733
PURIFICATION RITE OF LUMINOUS PERFECTED (Mingzhen zhai) 1742
Lu Xiujing • THE ABRIDGED CODES OF MASTER LU FOR THE DAOIST COMMUNITY (Lu xiansheng daomen keliie) 1749
Lu Xiujing • THE FIVE SENTIMENTS OF GRATITUDE (Dongxuan lingbao wugan wen) 1758
SCRIPTURE OF THE OPENING OF HEAVEN BY THE MOST HIGH LORD LAO (Taishang laojun kaitian jing) 1760
FROM BIOGRAPHIES OF STUDENTS OF THE DAO (Daoxue zhuan) 1764
FROM THE SCRIPTURE OF THE INNER EXPLANATIONS OF THE THREE HEAVENS (Santian neijie jing) 1768
THE GREAT PETITION FOR SEPULCHRAL PLAINTS (Dazhong songzhang) 1771
Liu Yiqing • A NEW ACCOUNT OF TALES OF THE WORLD (Shishuo xinyu) 1776 [A Buddhist Critique of Daoist Talismans] 1777
Zhen Luan • THE ESSAY TO RIDICULE THE DAO (Xiaodao lun) 1777 Preface 1778 Revival of the Dead through Fivefold Purification 1780 Laozi Became the Buddha 1781 Taking Cinnabar Brings a Golden Complexion 1782 Plagiarizing Buddhist Sutras for Daoist Scriptures 1783 CONTENTS I xxvii
The Consolidation and Expansion of Daoism: From the Sui Dynasty (581-618 C.E.) through the Tang Dynasty (618-907 C.E.) 1787
FROM THE ESSENTIALS OF THE PRACTICE OF PERFECTION FROM THE ONE AND ORTHODOX RITUAL CANON (Zhengyi fawen xiuzhen zhiyao) 1795
SCRIPTURAL INSTRUCTIONS OF THE PRIMORDIAL PERFECTED FROM THE HALL OF LIGHT OF HIGHEST CLARITY (Shangqing mingtang yuanzhen jingjue) 1800 The Technique of the Mystic Realized One 1801
Zhang Wanfu • FROM THE SHORT EXPOSITION ON THE TRANSMISSION OF THE SCRIPTURES, RULES, AND REGISTERS OF THE THREE CAVERNS (Chuanshou sandong jingjie falu liieshuo) 1803
FROM THE SCRIPTURE AND CHART FOR THE MYSTERIOUS CONTEMPLATION OF MAN-BIRD MOUNTAIN (Xuanlan renniao shan jingtu) 1808
THE REGULATIONS FOR THE ACCEPTANCE AND CULTIVATION OF DAOISM ACCORDING TO THE DONGXUAN, LINGBAO, AND SANDONG SCRIPTURES (Dongxuan lingbao sandong fengdao kejie yingshi) 1810 Crimes as Conditions for Retribution 1811 Good Deeds as Conditions for Retribution 1812 The Creation of Icons 1813 The Daoist's Clothes 1817
SCRIPTURE ON INNER OBSERVATION BY THE MOST HIGH LORD LAO (Taishang laojun neiguan jing) 1819
Shitou Xiqian • THE SEAL OF THE UNITY OF THE THREE (Cantong qi) 1823
Yan Zhenqing • STELE INSCRIPTION FOR THE ALTAR OF THE TRANSCENDENT LADY WEI OF THE JIN DYNASTY, THE LADY OF THE SOUTHERN PEAK, PRIMAL WORTHY OF THE PURPLE VOID, CONCURRENTLY SUPREME TRUE MISTRESS OF DESTINY (Jin zixu yuanjun ling shangzhen siming nanyue furen xiantan beiming) 1824
Wu Yun • CANTOS ON PACING THE VOID (Buxu ci) 1826
SELECTED POEMS 1831 Li Bo 1832 The Ascent of Mount Tai 1832 viii I CONTENTS
The Lady of the Supreme Primordial 1835 Flying Dragon Conductus 1836 Bojuyi 1837 Composed in Response to "Sending Daoist Master Liu Off to Wander on Heavenly Platform Mountain" 1837
Li Ao • FROM THE BOOK OF RETURNING TO ONE'S TRUE NATURE (Fuxing shu) 1838
Guifeng Zongmi • THE INQUIRY INTO THE ORIGIN OF HUMANITY (Yuanren lun) 1843 Exposing Deluded Attachments 1843
Du Guangting • RECORDS OF THE ASSEMBLED TRANSCENDENTS OF THE FORTIFIED WALLED CITY (Yongcheng jixian lu) 1846 Wang Fajin 1847 Ms. Wang 1850 Mao Ying 1851
Du Guangting • BIOGRAPHIES OF PERSONS WHO HAD CONTACTS AND ENCOUNTERS WITH SUPERNATURAL BEINGS AND IMMORTALS (Shenxian ganyu zhuan) 1854 Biography of Li Quan 1854
Du Guangting • RECORD OF MIRACLES IN SUPPORT OF DAOISM (Daojiao lingyan ji) 1856 An Examination of the Altar of the Transcendent Lady Wei of Nanyue 1857
THE SUTRA OF THE THREE KITCHENS, PREACHED BY THE BUDDHA (Foshuo sanchu jing) 1857
Du Guangting • FROM RECORDED FOR THE RITUAL OF MERIT AND VIRTUE FOR REPAIRING THE VARIOUS OBSERVATORIES OF QINGCHENG MOUNTAIN (Xiu qingcheng shan zhuguan gongdeji) 1860
THE COLLECTION OF BOOKS NEW AND OLD ON THE ABSORPTION OF BREATH GATHERED BY THE MASTER OF YANLING (Yanling xiansheng ji xinjiu fuqi jing) 1862 Formula for the Use of Breath by Perfect Men of Mysterious Simplicity, Expounded by the Master of Great Respect 1863
YU XUANJI'S LIFE AND POEMS 1865 From Minor Writings from Shanshui by Huangfu Mei 1865 POEMS Feelings in the Last Month of Spring; Sent to a Friend 1867 On the Assigned Topic of Willows by the River 1868 Early Autumn 1868 Selling Wilted Peonies 1868 CONTENTS I xxix
During a Visit to the Southern Tower of the Veneration of Truth Monastery I Saw the New Examination Graduates Writing Their Names on the Wall 1868
THE CHRONICLES OF JAPAN (Nihongi) 1869 [Corpse Liberation] 1869
POEMS COMPOSED BY KAKINOMOTO NO ASOMI HITOMARO WHEN THE SOVEREIGN WENT ON AN EXCURSION TO THE PALACE AT YOSHINO 1870 [Where our Sovereign reigns] 1870 [Our great Sovereign] 1871
Kukai • INDICATIONS OF THE GOALS OF THE THREE TEACHINGS (Sango shiki) 1872 Preface 1873 Part Two: The Argument of Kyobu [Daoist] 1874
Sol Ch'ong • INSCRIPTION ON AN IMAGE AT KAMSAN MONASTERY 1879
The Resurgence and Diversification of Daoism: The Song (960-1279 C.E.) and Yuan (1260-1368 C.E.) Dynasties 1883
FROM THE SCRIPTURE ON THE GOLDEN ELIXIR OF THE
DRAGON AND TIGER (Jindan longhu jing) 1893
Zhang Boduan • AWAKENING TO REALITY (Wuzhen pian) 1896
Zhang Boduan • A SONG FOR LIU, A COMRADE OF THE DAO, OF WHITE TIGER CAVE (Zeng bailongdong Liu daoren ge) 1902 Zhou Dunyi • EXPLANATION OF THE DIAGRAM OF THE SUPREME POLARITY (Taijitu shuo) 1904
Shao Yong • BIOGRAPHY OF THE GENTLEMAN WITH NO NAME (Wuming jun zhuan) 1907
Yuan Miaozong • FROM SECRET ESSENTIALS OF THE MOST HIGH PRINCIPAL ZHENREN ASSISTING THE COUNTRY AND
SAVING THE PEOPLE (Taishang zhuguo jiumin zongzhen biyao) 1911
Hong Mai • FROM HEARD AND WRITTEN BY YIJIAN (Yijian zhi) 1915
ESOTERIC BIOGRAPHY OF QINGHE (Qinghe neizhuan) 1921
THE CORPUS OF DAOIST RITUAL (Daofa huiyuan) 1923 Song of the Dark Pearl 1924 x I CONTENTS
PRIVATE TUTOR OF THE NINE SPONTANEOUSLY GENERATING LINGBAO HEAVENS OF PRIMORDIAL COMMENCEMENT: ON LATENT REFINEMENT FOR TRANSCENDENT SALVATION AND VITALIZING TRANSFORMATION (Yuanshi lingbao ziran jiutian shenghua chaodu yinlian bijue) 1929
BaiYuchan • FROM A VERMILION PETITION MEMORIALIZING THE THUNDER COURT ON THE MATTER OF DELIBERATING MERIT TITLES (Leifu zou shiyi xun danzhang) 1933
Wang Qizhen • THE GREAT LINGBAO METHOD OF THE SHANGQING HEAVEN (Shangqing lingbao dafa) 1938
FROM TRACT OF THE MOST EXALTED ON ACTION AND RESPONSE (Taishang ganying pian) 1942
Wang Zhe • FROM REDOUBLED YANG'S FIFTEEN DISCOURSES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DOCTRINE (Chongyang lijiao shiwu lun) 1947
Li Zhichang • FROM THE RECORD OF PERFECTED PERPETUAL SPRING'S TRAVELS TO THE WEST (Changchun zhenren xiyou ji) 1951
INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE PALACE OF ETERNAL JOY 1957 Yuan Congyi • From A Record of the Tang Dynasty Shrine to Perfected Man Lii of Purified Yang (You Tang Chunyang lu zhenren citang ji) 1958 Wang E • From A Stele on the Reconstruction of the Great Palace of Purified Yang and Limitless Longevity [during] Our Great Dynasty (Dachao chongjian Chunyang wanshou gong zhi bei) 1959 A Stele of an Imperial Decree [Issued to] the Palace of Purified Yang and Limitless Longevity (Chunyang wanshou gong shengzhi bei) 1960
Wang Daoyuan • ESSAY ON THE SECRET ESSENTIALS OF THE RECYCLED ELIXIR (Huandan biyao lun) 1961
ZHONGLI OF THE HAN LEADS LAN CAIHE TO ENLIGHTENMENT (Han Zhong Li dutuo Lan Caihe) 1965
MEMORABILIA OF THE THREE KINGDOMS (Samguk yusa) 1980 Podok (Koguryo) 1981
RECORDS OF THE THREE KINGDOMS (Samguk sagi) 1982 Yon Kaesomun (Koguryo) 1982 CONTENTS
The New Standardization and Unification of Daoism: From the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 C.E.) through the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912 C.E.) 1985
JOURNEY TO THE WEST (Xiyouji) 2001 At the Three Pure Ones Temple the Great Sage Leaves His Name; At the Cart Slow Kingdom the Monkey King Reveals His Power 2001
JOURNEY TO THE NORTH (Beiyou ji) 2015 The Dark Emperor Descends Once More into the Mortal World to Save the People from Misery 2015
A RECORD OF THE LAND OF THE BLESSED (Sanshan fudi zhi) 2019
Hanshan Deqing • COMMENTARIES ON THE LAOZI AND
ZHUANGZI 2023
A TASTE OF IMMORTALITY 2027
Matteo Ricci • FROM RELIGIOUS SECTS AMONG THE CHINESE 2032 SELECTED QING DYNASTY EDICTS 2036 On Private Founding of Monastic Buildings, and Private Ordinations of Buddhist and Daoist Monks 2036 Regulation of the Clergy 2038
THE DAOIST PRIEST OF THE LAO MOUNTAINS 2039
FROM THE SECRET OF THE GOLDEN FLOWER (Taiyi jinhua zongzhi) 2042
Fu Shan • CUTTING THE RED DRAGON (Duan Honglong) 2047
He Longxiang • COMBINED COLLECTION OF FEMALE ALCHEMY (Nttdan hebian) 2048 From The Preface 2049 Awaiting Salvation 2050
Zhang Sanfeng • FROM SECRET PRINCIPLES OF GATHERING THE TRUE ESSENCE (Caizhen jiyao) 2051
Min Yide • TRANSMISSION OF THE MIND-LAMP FROM MOUNT JIN'GAI (Jin'gai xindeng) 2054 Biography of Zhao Daojian (1163-1221), the First Patriarch 2055 Biography of Wang Changyue (?-1680) 2056
THE HERMITS OF HUASHAN 2057 xii I CONTENTS
IMMORTAL'S CERTIFICATE 2057
A SHAMANISTIC EXORCISM 2059
BIOGRAPHICAL STELE INSCRIPTION FOR THE DAOIST WANG (Wang daoren daoxing bei) 2060
Modern Chinese History and Che Remaking of Daoism.- From the Republican Era (1912-1949) to the Early Twenty-First Century 2065
THE DAO AMONG THE YAO OF SOUTHEAST ASIA:
SELECTED TEXTS 2079
Alfred, Lord Tennyson • FROM THE ANCIENT SAGE 2082
Oscar Wilde • A CHINESE SAGE 2085
TAOISM: A PRIZE ESSAY 2091
Martin Buber • FROM COMMENTARY ON "TALKS AND PARABLES OF CHUANG TZU" 2095 Carl Gustav Jung • FOREWORD TO "THE SECRET OF THE GOLDEN FLOWER" 2101
Chen Yingning • FROM EXPLORATIONS IN ORAL SECRETS
(Koujue gouxuan lu) 2103
Fangnei Sanren • A BALLAD ON LOOKING FOR THE WAY 2105
FROM THE COMPLETE PERFORMANCE OF SU (Dachu su) 2107
Yoshitoyo Yoshioka • FROM DAOIST MONASTIC LIFE 2115
Paul Shih-yi Hsiao • FROM HEIDEGGER AND OUR TRANSLATION OF THE DAODE]1NG 2128 Xu Jianguo • WHY MUST WE PROHIBIT THE REACTIONARY DAOIST CULTS? 2135
BUDDHISTS AND DAOISTS AT MOUNT NANYUE WELCOME THE PEOPLE'S COMMUNES 2139
George Harrison • THE INNER LIGHT 2141
Fritjof Capra • THE TAO OF PHYSICS: AN EXPLORATION OF THE PARALLELS BETWEEN MODERN PHYSICS AND EASTERN MYSTICISM 2142 From Beyond the World of Opposites 2144 CONTENTS I xxxiii
Qian Zhongshu • LIMITED VIEWS: ESSAYS ON IDEAS AND LETTERS (Guanzhui bian) 2149 The Insights and Myopia of Mystical Philosophies 2150
TWO RITUAL DOCUMENTS 2155 Memorial for a Communal Ritual 2155 Announcement for a Communal Ritual 2158
A DAOIST ORDINATION CERTIFICATE FROM PUTIAN, FUJIAN 2160
TWO PRAYERS TO THE DEIFIED LAOZI FROM PENANG, MALAYSIA 2164 Limitless Longevity 2165 Lord Lao's Spirit Medium 2166
Ursula K. Le Guin • INTRODUCTION TO THE TAO TE CHING and EPILOGUE: DAO SONG 2168
RZA • THE WU-TANG MANUAL 2173 Look to the East 2174 The "Three Ways": Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism 2174
Zhang Jiyu • A DECLARATION OF THE CHINESE DAOIST ASSOCIATION ON GLOBAL ECOLOGY 2176
Glossaries HINDUISM A3 BUDDHISM All DAOISM A18
Selected Bibliographies HINDUISM A25 BUDDHISM A30 DAOISM A34
Permissions Acknowledgments A39
Indexes A53