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Collective Intelligence Through Structured Dialogue
Collective Intelligence through Structured Dialogue A methodology for tackling complex challenges with multiple stakeholders INCOSE UK Bristol Local Group, 11 th March 2019 1 Overview Systems Engineers often need to engage with Collective stakeholders and address complex or wicked problems. Intelligence Structured Dialogic Design is a methodology that evolved from the field of Interactive Management in the US, through starting in the 1980s. In its various forms (and under different names) it has been widely applied across the Structured globe in enabling groups to tackle wicked problems and complex challenges, but is not well known in the UK, Dialogue despite applications in MoD, Rolls Royce and the NHS. This presentation will outline the methodology, it’s provenance, and the current state of practice. 2 Applications In today’s world many of the problems are not complicated, they are complex and wicked. The methodology delivers consulting redesigned specifically for these situations. Complex and wicked problems can only be resolved by bringing together people with the necessary variety of perspectives and expertise in a collaborative setting where their ideas are freed, protected, and equally Forecasting an Unknown Wicked Problems and Future and Strategic Planning Complex Challenges considered with all others. 3 The Demosophia Methodology Discover Diagnose Design Define Do Discover Diagnose the Design the Define strategic Implement required system at work path forward priorities and adaptively diversity of develop plans perspectives Colabs 4 Colabs A Colab is a gathering of stakeholders who together share, learn, and create a deep understanding of a complex problem using the Structured Democratic Dialogue (SDD) process. • A unique and powerful type of facilitated meeting • Specifically designed to address wicked problems • Efficiently tapping into the collective wisdom of a wide variety of stakeholders • Harnessing cognitive diversity (knowledge, experience, worldview etc.) • Enabled and supported by technology 5 Colab Principles 1. -
Topological Aspects of Biosemiotics
tripleC 5(2): 49-63, 2007 ISSN 1726-670X http://tripleC.uti.at Topological Aspects of Biosemiotics Rainer E. Zimmermann IAG Philosophische Grundlagenprobleme, U Kassel / Clare Hall, UK – Cambridge / Lehrgebiet Philosophie, FB 13 AW, FH Muenchen, Lothstr. 34, D – 80335 München E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: According to recent work of Bounias and Bonaly cal terms with a view to the biosemiotic consequences. As this (2000), there is a close relationship between the conceptualiza- approach fits naturally into the Kassel programme of investigat- tion of biological life and mathematical conceptualization such ing the relationship between the cognitive perceiving of the that both of them co-depend on each other when discussing world and its communicative modeling (Zimmermann 2004a, preliminary conditions for properties of biosystems. More pre- 2005b), it is found that topology as formal nucleus of spatial cisely, such properties can be realized only, if the space of modeling is more than relevant for the understanding of repre- orbits of members of some topological space X by the set of senting and co-creating the world as it is cognitively perceived functions governing the interactions of these members is com- and communicated in its design. Also, its implications may well pact and complete. This result has important consequences for serve the theoretical (top-down) foundation of biosemiotics the maximization of complementarity in habitat occupation as itself. well as for the reciprocal contributions of sub(eco)systems with respect -
The Social System of Systems Intelligence – a Study Based on Search Engine Method
In Essays on Systems Intelligence, eds. Raimo P. Hämäläinen and Esa Saarinen: pp. 119-133 Espoo: Aalto University, School of Science and Technology, Systems Analysis Laboratory Chapter 5 The Social System of Systems Intelligence – A Study Based on Search Engine Method Kalevi Kilkki This essay offers an preliminary study on systems intelligence as a social system based on four cornerstones: writings using the terminology of systems intelligence, search engines, models to describe the behavior of social phenomena, and a theory of social systems. As a result we provide an illustration of systems intelligence field as a network of key persons. The main conclusion is that the most promising area for systems intelligence as social system is to systematically apply positive psychology to develop organizational management and to solve our everyday problems. Introduction The social system of systems intelligence is an ambitious topic, particularly for a person without any formal studies in sociology. Moreover, systems intelligence is a novel area of science and, hence, the development of its social structures is in early phase. It is even possible to argue that there is not yet any social system of systems intelligence. The approach of this study is based on four cornerstones: first, the literature that has used concept of systems intelligence, second, search engines, third, models to describe the behavior of social phenomena, and forth, a theory of social systems. As a result we may be able to say something novel about the development of systems intelligence as a social system. As to the social systems this essay relies on the grand theory developed by Niklas Luhmann (Luhmann 1995). -
An Overview of the Soft Systems Methodology Stuart Burge
System Thinking: Approaches and Methodologies An Overview of the Soft Systems Methodology Stuart Burge The Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) was born out of research conducted at Lancaster University to apply Systems Engineering approaches to solve “management/business problems”. In other words they attempted to apply a Hard Systems approach to fix business problems. What they discovered was the approach often stumbled at the first step of problem definition. This happens quite simply because the different stakeholders have divergent views on what constitutes the system, the purpose of the system and therefore the problem. Two key players in the development of the SSM are Peter Checkland [1999] and Brian Wilson [2001] who through “action research” were able to put together a practical and pragmatic approach to the identification and solution of “soft” ill-defined problems. This methodology was more than just a process; Checkland and Wilson also developed a set of tools to help users carry out the steps. These include: • Rich Picture • Conceptual Model • CATWOE • Formal Systems Model More on these later because, at this point, I would like to focus on the approach. Figure 1 presents a view of the SSM. Since its origin back in 1970’s and 80’s it has changed as various workers have added their bit. Figure 1 shows a 7-step process approach to SSM. I have chosen this view, that while it is an early representation, it does allow several key and important aspects of SSM to be made clear. Figure 1: The 7 Step Soft Systems Methodology © Burge Hughes Walsh 2015 page 1 System Thinking: Approaches and Methodologies Before launching into detail about the 7-steps it is worthwhile explaining the overall philosophy behind SSM. -
General Systems Theory
General Systems Theory Prepared by: Kenneth R. Thompson Head Researcher System-Predictive Technologies © Copyright 1996 to 2016 by Kenneth R. Thompson, System-Predictive Technologies, 2096 Elmore Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43224-5019; All rights reserved. Intellectual materials contained herein may not be copied or summarized without written permission from the author. General Systems Theory Page 2 of 10 General Systems Theory General Systems Theory Background Summary In the 1920’s, Ludwig von Bertalanffy envisioned a General Systems Theory1. As a biologist, von Bertalanffy was concerned with behavioral and intentional systems. He clearly stated the mathematical foundations of his theory in his report “The History and Status of General Systems Theory”2: The goal obviously is to develop general systems theory in mathematical terms – a logico-mathematical field – because mathematics is the exact language permitting rigorous deductions and confirmation (or refusal) of theory. In the 1960’s, there were two major independent efforts made relating to developments in General Systems Theory. One was by the engineer and mathematician Mihajlo D. Mesarović, and the other was by the philosopher Elizabeth Steiner and the historian and mathematician George S. Maccia. The developments by Mesarović were more restrictive and in line with traditional developments of engineering models simulating various intentional systems, while the developments by Steiner and Maccia were more comprehensive and provided the first formalization of a Scientific Education Theory derived from General Systems Theory. Mesarović’s work, however, did lead to critical developments in mathematical models of General Systems; however, such characterizations were restricted to systems represented by a single relation.3 A true mathematical analysis of General Systems Theory requires the ability to recognize multiple relations for one system. -
Warren Mcculloch and the British Cyberneticians
Warren McCulloch and the British cyberneticians Article (Accepted Version) Husbands, Phil and Holland, Owen (2012) Warren McCulloch and the British cyberneticians. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 37 (3). pp. 237-253. ISSN 0308-0188 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/43089/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Warren McCulloch and the British Cyberneticians1 Phil Husbands and Owen Holland Dept. Informatics, University of Sussex Abstract Warren McCulloch was a significant influence on a number of British cyberneticians, as some British pioneers in this area were on him. -
I690/H699 Cybernetics and Revolution: International Histories of Science, Technology, and Political Change
I690/H699 Cybernetics and Revolution: International Histories of Science, Technology, and Political Change Prof. Eden Medina Office: Informatics 305 Email: [email protected] Class Times: W 1:00-3:30 Room: Info 001 Class Description Norbert Wiener used the term cybernetics for studies of communication and control in the animal and the machine. Cybernetics brought together ideas from biology, psychology, math, computation, and engineering and looked for underlying commonalities in areas as diverse as neurology, electronics, and the study of social systems. Historical studies of cybernetics often cite the research activity that took place in the United States during 1940s and 1950s as the peak moment of this interdisciplinary field. However, these ideas also took root in other parts of the world, where they intertwined with other national histories and political ideologies. This class will bring an international perspective to the study of cybernetics. Different geographical, political, and cultural contexts shaped the language, content, and application of cybernetic science outside of the United States. Cybernetics also offered new ways for imagining social and political change. The class will study individuals such as Norbert Wiener, Ross Ashby, Stafford Beer, Humberto Maturana, and Viktor Glushkov, among others. Since most histories of cybernetics are set in the United States and Western Europe, special attention will be given to the evolution and application of cybernetic ideas in Latin America. Required Reading Paul Edwards, The Closed -
A Review of Problem Structuring Methods for Consideration in Prognostics and Smart Manufacturing
A Review of Problem Structuring Methods for Consideration in Prognostics and Smart Manufacturing Patrick T. Hester 1, Andrew J. Collins 2, Barry Ezell 2, John Horst 3 1 Department of Engineering Management & Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 [email protected] 2 Virginia Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Suffolk, VA 23435 3 Engineering Laboratory, National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MA 20899 ABSTRACT environments has been exacerbated in recent years. “Modern engineering systems and manufacturing processes Successful use of prognostics involves the prediction of are becoming increasingly complex, and are operating in future system behaviors in an effort to maintain system highly dynamic environments. Thus, sustaining the availability and reduce the cost of maintenance and repairs. reliability of such systems is becoming a more complex and Recent work by the National Institute of Standards and challenging requirement” (Lee, Ghaffari, & Elmeligy, 2011, Technology indicates that the field of prognostics and health p. 111). Prognostics and health management, specifically for management is vital for remaining competitive in today’s smart manufacturing, is a promising area of research as a manufacturing environment. While prognostics-based means for maintaining complex system reliability and for maintenance involves many traditional operations research- helping to make the U.S. succeed globally; however, it has centric challenges for successful deployment such as limited yet to be universally embraced due to a number of factors availability of information and concerns regarding that will be discussed later in this paper. We argue that computational efficiency, the authors argue in this paper that prognostics and health management requires a the field of prognostics and health management, still in its preprocessing step, known as problem structuring, in order embryonic development stage, could benefit greatly from to allow it to reach its full potential. -
On the Evolution of Systems
Evolution Of Systems Michel Lecoq iTER - Belgium tel. : + 32 4 278 1008 fax.: + 32 4 278 1009 [email protected] Introduction This article is an attempt to formalize my thoughts about the evolution of products or of systems in general. It does not contain anything new. To the contrary, it just applies the assumption that "somebody somewhere has solved a problem like mine". Altshuller proposed "trends of evolution" that are presently expanded by many authors in the TRIZ literature. In his book, Darrell Mann (1) has 31 of these trends. They are observations of the evolutions of objects. This part of TRIZ does not satisfy me. It looks more like a collection of examples of the use of some TRIZ principles (e.g. The trend of "space segmentation" or the trend of "object segmentation" show the segmentation principle at different levels in a solid). This article tries to show TRIZ practitioners other attempts to approach the evolution with the hope that somebody will once formulate a coherent theory or at least a coherent guideline. After introducing the general modeling of systems, the article draws from the evolution of living systems to show some conclusions useful for the TRIZ practitioner. The way we look at the evolution of products has also an impact on the way we model the objects and their functions. Therefore, the article ends with some comments about modeling. First part: Modeling the general system System theory is a "theory" that started in the 1920's and was developed mainly from 1950 to 1980. It is a kind of reaction to the Cartesian or scientist thinking of most of the technicians. -
THE PAST of a DELUSION by Warren Sturgis Mcculloch
Winter-Edition 2007 THE PAST OF A DELUSION by Warren Sturgis McCulloch Englisch Deutsch Editorial Editorial By Joachim Paul, editor of von Joachim Paul, Hrsg.: www.vordenker.de www.vordenker.de To make Warren McCulloch's essay Den aus dem Jahr 1953 stammenden Aufsatz "THE PAST OF A DELUSION" from the "THE PAST OF A DELUSION" von Warren year 1953 now available in a German McCulloch als Arbeitstext auch in deutscher translation is in need to be explained. Sprache zugänglich zu machen, bedarf einer erläuternden Anmerkung. Undoubtedly Warren Sturgis McCulloch Warren Sturgis McCulloch ist unbestritten is one of the leading scientists of the einer der wichtigsten Wissenschaftler des 20. 20th century. His influence ranges from Jahrhunderts. Sein Einfluß reicht von den the early days of the Macy-Conferences frühen Tagen der Macy-Konferenzen über das over MIT and Biological Computer Lab in MIT und das Biological Computer Lab in Urbana, Illinois to the foundation of the Urbana, Illinois, bis hin zur Gründung des renowned "Santa Fe Institute for renommierten "Santa Fe Institute for Sciences Sciences of Complexity", where one of of Complexity", zu dessen bekannteren Mitar- the more prominent collaborators was beitern der Mediziner, Biochemiker und Biophy- the physician, biochemist and biophysi- siker Stuart Kauffman gehörte, zeitweilig ein cist Stuart Kauffman, a temporary Schüler McCullochs. 1927 bis 1934, bevor disciple of McCulloch. Before McCulloch McCulloch, einer der Väter von Kybernetik und returned to the academic world and Neuroinformatik, -
1 © Stafford Beer December 1992 WORLD in TORMENT a TIME
ã Stafford Beer December 1992 WORLD IN TORMENT A TIME WHOSE IDEA MUST COME You will remember the beginning of humankind. Our first parents were quick to get themselves into trouble. They were expelled from the garden of Eden. I understand that Adam took Eve's hand, and said: 'My dear, we are living in a time of transition'. Perhaps people have always felt like that. We certainly do today. Have you ever tried to list the components of contemporary change? It is easy enough to cite the marvels of modern science and technology - how the computer, and television, and medical science have changed our lives. If you start with such matters, it becomes a 'profound insight' to observe that there has been a change in the rate of change. But that was obvious twenty to thirty years ago, for I was writing books about it then. Components of Contemporary Change Today, my list is different. At the top is the spectacular advance in human misery. I estimate that more human beings are enduring agony today than ever before; the number could be greater than the sum of sufferers throughout history. I speak of starvation and epidemic; war and terrorism; deprivation, exploitation, and physical torture. I repeat the word agony; I am not talking about 'hard times'. Second on my list is the collapse of the civilisation we have known in our lifetime. We are looking at the rubble that remains of two competing empires. Soviet communism has accepted its own demise; Western capitalism has not accepted it yet. But I am not making a forecast. -
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UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Towards a performative aesthetics of interactivity Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w42d6p2 Author Penny, SG Publication Date 2011-12-01 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Fibreculture Journal DIGITAL MEDIA + NETWORKS + TRANSDISCIPLINARY CRITIQUE issue 19 2011: Ubiquity issn: 1449 1443 FCJ-132 Towards a Performative Aesthetics of Interactivity Simon Penny University of California, Irvine Introduction As I write this, at the end of 2010, it is sobering to reflect on the fact that over a couple of decades of explosive development in new media art (or ‘digital multimedia’ as it used to be called), in screen based as well as ‘embodied’ and gesture based interaction, the aesthetics of interaction doesn’t seem to have advanced much. At the same time, interaction schemes and dynamics which were once only known in obscure corners of the world of media art research/ creation have found their way into commodities from 3D TV and game platforms (Wii, Kinect) to sophisticated phones (iPhone, Android). While increasingly sophisticated theoretical analyses (from Manovich, 2002 to Chun, 2008 to Hansen, 2006, more recently Stern, 2011 and others) have brought diverse perspectives to bear, I am troubled by the fact that we appear to have ad- vanced little in our ability to qualitatively discuss the characteristics of aesthetically rich interac- tion and interactivity and the complexities of designing interaction as artistic practice; in ways which can function as a guide to production as well as theoretical discourse.