Barbara Bergmann Professor Emeritus

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Barbara Bergmann Professor Emeritus PhD, Harvard University Research Interests Sex roles in the economy, labor economics, computer simulation of economicssystems. Brief Biography Barbara R. Bergmann writes on economic and social policy, with recent works on Social Security, child care, poverty, women's place in the economy and the family, and the labor market problems of women and African Americans. She is Professor Emerita of Economics at the University of Maryland and at American University in Washington, DC. She received the Ph.D. from Harvard University. Dr. Bergmann served as a senior staff member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers during the Kennedy Administration. Other government experience includes service as Senior Economic Adviser with the Agency for International Development, and as an economist with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. She has served on advisory committees to the Congressional Budget Office and the Bureau of the Census. In the 1980s, she wrote a monthly column on economic affairs for the New York Times Sunday Business Section. She has served as President of the Eastern Economic Association, the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics, the American Association of University Professors and the International Association for Feminist Economics. Recent Publications • America’s Child Care Problem: The Way Out (with Suzanne Helburn). New York: Palgrave, St. Martin’s Press, 2002. • The Economic Emergence of Women (Second edition) New York: Palgrave, St. Martin’s Press, 2002. • Is Social Security Broke?: A Cartoon Guide to the Issues (cartoons by Jim Bush). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2000. • “The Only Ticket to Equality: Total Androgyny, Male Style”, Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues, Volume 9, Spring 1998: 75-86. • In Defense of Affirmative Action. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1996 • Saving Our Children From Poverty: What the United States Can Learn From France. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1996. • "Becker's Theory of the Family: Preposterous Conclusions", Feminist Economics, Vol. 1, No. 1, Spring 1995. (Reprinted in Challenge, January/February 1996.) • "Child Support Awards: State Guidelines Versus Public Opinion" (with Sherry Wetchler). Family Law Quarterly, Fall 1995, 29,3: 483-493. • "A Budget-Based Definition of Poverty, With an Application to Single- Parent Families", (with Trudi J. Renwick). Journal of Human Resources 28:1. Winter 1993. 1-24. Works-in-Progress A Swedish-Style Welfare State Or Basic Income: Which Should Have Priority? [phone] 202-885- Department 3770 of Economics, [fax] 202-885-3790 American [email protected] University, Roper Hall 105 Copyright © 4400 American Massachusetts University. All Ave., NW, rights reserved. Washington, Updated: DC 20016- 09/23/2004 8029 .

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Econ 771.001
ECON 771: Political Economy of Race and Gender Spring 2018 Dr. Elissa Braunstein Department of Economics, Colorado State University [email protected] Office: C327 Clark Office hours: T 1:00 – 2:00 (or by appointment) Overview I define political economy as “the study of the impact of group identity and collective conflict on the organization of economic activity and its consequences.” Political economy traditions tend to focus on class as a source of identity and group conflict. In this course, we will expand that focus to incorporate other sources of group membership, giving you a broad background in economic approaches to inequality and identity based on race/ethnicity and gender. We will focus primarily on the neoclassical, Marxian political economy and feminist literatures. In addition to learning more about the relationship between group membership and economic structures, we will use the prisms of race and gender to better understand and critique various approaches to economic analysis. And while much of the literature focuses on the U.S. context, I will try to broaden the discussion as often as possible, and encourage students to do the same. I welcome students from other social science disciplines. Although we will cover some advanced material that may be difficult for those who have not completed graduate economics courses, the emphasis will be on the main points, rather than the technical detail. The syllabus includes both required readings (*starred) and supplemental readings/sections as I wanted to give you a more complete sense of the literature if you are interested in looking further into a particular topic.
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Barbara, the Market, and the State Nancy Folbre
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Economics Department Faculty Publications Series Economics 1998 Barbara, the Market, and the State Nancy Folbre Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/econ_faculty_pubs Part of the Economic Theory Commons Recommended Citation Folbre, Nancy, "Barbara, the Market, and the State" (1998). Feminist Economics. 106. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/econ_faculty_pubs/106 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Economics at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Economics Department Faculty Publications Series by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. B ARBARA, THE M ARKET, AND THE STATE Nancy Folbre ABSTRACT Some re ections, in poetry and prose, on Barbara Bergmann’s contributions to economic theory. KEYWORDS Bergmann, discrimination, child care, feminist theory A FAIRY TALE People say that, once upon a time, there was an emperor, Fond of silks and satins, vain to a fault, fearful that his naked parts Did not measure up, who employed many a tailor to construct A wondrous wardrobe that could make him look greater than he was. Yet he also wanted to seem good and kind and true because His authority rested on the consent of those he ruled. The emperor’s objective function, economists would describe As positive and decreasing in all Z goods related to his own appearance And consumption; picture an indifference curve describing combinations Of virtue and privilege that would equally suit; equilibrium depends On the relative price of both, the noble budget line, and hence, It matters that honesty is by far the most expensive good.
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Unconditional Basic Income
Interrogations #3, Sociology 929, Week 4, February 13, 2018 Unconditional Basic Income 1. Wendy Does basic income undermine access to necessary public goods? Based on the state of public services in the United States, combined with political dynamics on the local, state, and federal levels, I worry that if UBI is implemented in the United States, the program will take on a much more libertarian character. This problem is addressed in OCAP’s paper, “Basic Income: Progressive Dreams Meet Neoliberal Realities,” as well as Barbara Bergmann’s chapter in Redesigning Distribution, “A Swedish- Style Welfare State or Basic Income: Which should have priority?” UBI has already been discussed as a policy to advance the libertarian objective of abolishing most public services like education, healthcare, housing, and transportation (see a series of essays from the Cato Institute: https://www.cato-unbound.org/2014/08/04/matt-zwolinski/pragmatic-libertarian- case-basic-income-guarantee). As it stands in the United States, many public institutions are already weak, underfunded, and inefficient. Without a concerted effort to improve these institutions, the provision of a UBI could possibly allow many individuals to turn to private services- whether it is enrolling in a private school instead of a public school, finding a private healthcare service instead of going to the VA, or taking Ubers instead of buses and subways. Rather than moving towards socialism, the UBI could instead fuel the encroachment of capitalism on the goods we consider to be basic and necessary to everyday survival. Furthermore, I believe the tradeoff Bergmann sets up, between funding public services and funding the UBI will play a large role in some localities.
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A Feminist Critique of the Neoclassical Theory of the Family
Chapter 1 8 Karine S. Moe A Feminist Critique of with Equal Employment Opportunity laws. Hersch surveys the relevant laws that prohibit employment discrimination. Connecting economics and the legal context, she uses noteworthy cases to illustrate the arguments employed in the courtroom to the Neoclassical Theory of establish a legal finding of discrimination. the Family Love, commitment, work. The essays in this book illustrate how economics can lead to a better understanding of the balancing act in women's lives. The authors help Marianne A. Berber beginner readers of economics to understand how economics can be applied to realms outside of the marketplace. The essays also challenge more advanced readers to think critically about how women connect the domain of family and care to the domain of labor market work. Gary Becker's A Treatise on the family (1981) was published about 20 years ago, a culmination of much of his previous work.1 It has remained the centerpiece of neo- REFERENCES classical economic theory of the family ever since, and Becker has widely, albeit not entirely accurately, been considered "the father" of what is also widely referred to as Becker, Gary. 1981. A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2 Bergmann, Barbara R. 1995. "Becker's Theory of the Family: Preposterous Conclusions." the "new home economics." Actually, the honor of pioneering research on and Feminist Economics I: 141-50. analysis of the household as an economic unit properly belongs mainly to Margaret Hersch, Joni and Leslie S. Stratton. 1994. "Housework, Wages, and the Division of Reid (1934), who in turn gave a great deal of credit to Hazel Kyrk, her teacher and 3 Housework Time for Employed Spouses." American Economic Review 84:120-5.
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The Enduring Debate Over Unpaid Labour
TheInternational enduring Labour debate Review, over unpaid Vol. 138 labour (1999), No. 3 287 The enduring debate over unpaid labour Lourdes BENERÍA * onceptual and theoretical norms are at the root of statistical biases leading C to the underestimation of women’s work in labour force and national accounting statistics. Initially viewed as a way of making women’s work more visible, the effort to account for women’s work has gradually evolved to in- clude all unpaid work by whomever it is performed (men, women, children). The evolution of this effort illustrates how the questions raised by feminists have a relevance transcending feminism and challenging basic tenets in conven- tional economic thinking. Ester Boserup, in her classic 1970 book, Woman’s role in economic devel- opment, pointed out that “the subsistence activities usually omitted in the statis- tics of production and income are largely women’s work” (Boserup, 1970, p. 163). She was a pioneer in emphasizing the time-consuming character of these activities which, in rural economies, include physically demanding tasks such as fetching wood and carrying water as well as food production and the “crude processing of basic foods”. Even earlier, Margaret Reid, in her 1934 book, Economics of household production, expressed concern about the exclusion of domestic production from national income accounts and designed a method to estimate the value of home- based work. Then, from the late 1960s, the international women’s movement prepared the ground for a new look at the estimation of women’s economic activities. The issue was then seen as symbolizing society’s undervaluation of women and of their contribution to social well-being.
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Toward Gender Equality: Progress and Bottlenecks
Chapter 8 Toward Gender Equality: Progress and Bottlenecks Paula England s the significance of gender declining in America? Are men's and women's lives and rewards becoming more similar? To answer this question, I examine trends in market work and unpaid household work, including child care. I consider whether men's and women's employment and hours in paid work are converging, and examine trends in occupational sex segregation and the sex gap in pay. I also consider trends in men's and women's hours of paid work and household work. The emergent picture is one Iof convergence within each of the two areas of paid and unpaid work. Yet progress is not continuous and has stalled recently. Sometimes it continues on one front and stops on another. Gender change is also asymmetric in two ways: things have changed in paid work more than in the household, and women have dramatically increased their participation in formerly "male" activities, but men's inroads into traditionally female occupations or household tasks is very limited by comparison. I consider what these trends portend for the future of gender inequality. Robert Max Jackson argues (see chapter 7, this volume) that continued progress toward gender inequality is inevitable. I agree with him that many forces push in the direction of treating similarly situated men and women equally in bureaucratic organizations. Nonetheless, I conclude that the two related asymmetries in gender change—the sluggish change in the household and in men taking on traditionally female activities in any sphere- create bottlenecks that can dampen if not reverse egalitarian trends.
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Economic Theory and Racial Economic Inequality
ECONOMIC THEORY AND RACIAL ECONOMIC INEQUALITY William Darity Black people have always been troublesome for social scientists studying the United States. Theories that gleam brilliantly in academia's expansive sunlight when focused on the behavior of whites rapidly pale when their explanatory and predictive powers are directed toward the nation's largest racial minority. Political scientists enamored with their particular orthodoxy, pluralist theory, have had to squirm and wiggle in an attempt to preserve their beloved paradigm when faced with an "interest group" that did not comply with the dictates of their model of American political behavior. Generalizations that historians make about developments over time in the United States must include the addendum "except for the Blacks" to retain their accuracy. Sociologists have so consistently found Blacks to be the exception to their theoretical formulations that they now devote more time to the study of "the Blacks" than any other social scientists--so much so that they now have developed numerous theories that apply exclusively to Blacks. Economists also have spent much of their time researching "the black problem." They have looked primarily at the bread and butter issue of why proportionately more Blacks are poor than whites--the issue of black- white economic inequality. In a sense, they have been more "fortunate" than other social scientists insofar as black poverty potentially can be explained in the context of the prevailing economic paradigm, neoclassical microeconomic theory, via the concept of human capital. However, as neoclassical theory increasingly comes under fire, a growing school of researchers are contending that orthodox theory is not adequate to explain racial economic inequality.
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Topics in Applied Economics I: Gender and Economics
Topics in Applied Economics I: Gender and Economics 2020-2021 Academic Year Master of Research in Economics, Finance and Management 1. Description of the subject Topics in Applied Economics I Code: 32086 Total credits: 3 ECTS Workload: 75 hours Term: 2nd Type of subject: Optional Department of Economics and Business Teaching team: Libertad González Topics in Applied Economics I 2. Teaching guide Course description This course uses economic analysis to explore gender differences in economic outcomes, in both households and the labor market. Men’s and women’s economic behavior and problems differ in many ways (market versus non-market work, occupations, wages, etc). However, economics textbooks and coursework usually focus on the male perspective and ignore gender issues. In recent times, the discipline has been evolving to incorporate gender explicitly in our models and empirical analyses. This course will go through some of the main topics and tools in the recent economic literature dealing with gender. Men earn on average higher wages than women. Men and women concentrate in different occupations, and women are under-represented in the political sphere and high-powered occupations. Women attain on average higher levels of schooling than men, and they take on a higher share of household chores and childcare. Why these differences? Do they represent a problem? Should families, schools, firms or governments do something about it? This course will provide you with an overview of a recent literature in economics that documents gender gaps in a range of domains, tries to uncover the factors that drive them, and evaluates the effectiveness of different policies in mitigating them.
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"Holding Hands at Midnight": the Paradox of Caring Labor
"HOLDING HANDS AT MIDNIGHT": THE PARADOX OF CARING LABOR Nancy Folbre Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts at Amherst ABSTRACT This paper puts recent feminist theorizing about "care" within an economic context by developing the concept of caring labor and exploring possible reasons for its undervaluation. It describes the relevance of tensions between neoclassical and institutionalise thought, as well as between pro-market and anti-market views. The final section explores the impli- cations for feminist public policy. KEYWORDS Caring, labor, family, policy, altruism, reciprocity The man who only lives for making money, Lives a life that isn't necessarily sunny. Likewise the man who works for fame. There's no guarantee that time won't erase his name. The fact is, the only work that really brings enjoyment Is the kind that comes from girl-and-boyment. Fall in love, you won't regret it. That's the best work of all if you can get it. Holding hands at midnight, 'neath the starry sky, Nice work if you can get it, And you can get it if you try... (Nice Work If You Can Get Ft, by George and Ira Gershwin, © 1937 Chappell and Co. (Renewed) All rights reserved by permission) Despite its name, this famous jazz standard isn't really about work at all, at least not as economists define it. It never refers to dish-washing or diaper-changing, the kinds of tasks that most of us would happily pay others to do for us. Rather, it suggests that a particular motive for work — love - is intrinsically superior to the desire for money or fame.
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The Gender Pay Differential: Choice, Tradition, Or Overt Discrimination?
Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU Honors Projects Economics Department 4-20-1999 The Gender Pay Differential: Choice, Tradition, or Overt Discrimination? Jaynanne Calaway '99 Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/econ_honproj Part of the Economics Commons Recommended Citation Calaway '99, Jaynanne, "The Gender Pay Differential: Choice, Tradition, or Overt Discrimination?" (1999). Honors Projects. 70. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/econ_honproj/70 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. • The Gender Pay Differential: Choice, Tradition, or Overt Discrimination? Jaynanne Calaway Research Honors, Illinois Wesleyan University Dr. Michael Seeborg, Advisor April 20, 1999 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Undoubtedly, I have had the best committee possible, given my topic and temperament. Moreover, I believe my committee members each in their own way symbolize various stages of my college career. As such, I will begin my thanks with Kathleen Montgomery, the Political Science professor who has the distinction ofbeing my first professor ever at Illinois Wesleyan University.
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Economic Problems of Women
6EL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF WOMEN HEARINGS BEFORE THE JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES NINETY-THIRD CONGRESS FIRST SESSION PART 1 JULY 10, 11, AND 12, 1973 Printed for the use of the Joint Economic Committee U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 21-495 0 WASHINGTON: 1973 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 -Price $1.65 :! eg .-' ft 01 JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE (Created pursuant to sec. 5(a) of Public Law 304, 79th Cong.) WRIGHT PATMAN, Texas, Chairman WILLIAM PROXMIRE, Wisconsin, Vice Chairman HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - -SENATE - RICHARD BOLLING, Missouri JOHN SPARKMAN, Alabama HENRY S. REUSS, Wisconsin J. W. FULBRIGHT, Arkansas MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS, Michigan ABRAHAM RIBICOFF, Connecticut WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD, Pennsylvania HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, Minnesota HUGH L. CAREY, New York LLOYD M. BENTSEN, JR., Texas WILLIAM B. WIDNALL, New Jersey JACOB K. JAVITS, New York BARBER B. CONABLE, Ja., New York CHARLES H. PERCY, Illinois CLARENCE J. BROWN, Ohio JAMES B. PEARSON, Kansas BEN B. BLACKBURN, Georgia RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER, Pennsylvania JOHN R. STARK, Executive Director LOUGHLIN F. MCHUGH, Senior Economist ECONOMISTS WILLIAM A. Cox Lucy A. FALCONE SARAH JACKSON JERRY J. JASINOWSKI JOHN R. KARLIK RICHARD F. KAUFMAN L. DOUGLAS LEE COURTENAY M. SLATER MINORITY LESLIE J. BANDER GEORGE D. KRUMBHAAR, Jr. (Counsel) WALTER B. LAEssso (Counsel) (II) CONTENTS WITNESSES AND STATEMENTS TUESDAY, JULY 10, 1973 The Economics of Sex Discriminationin Employment Griffiths, Hon. Martha W., member of the Joint Economic Committee Page (presiding): Opening statement ----- 1 Whitman, Hon. Marina, member, Council of Economic Advisers, accom- panied by June O'Neill, staff member- 3 Stein, Hon.
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Gary Becker's Contributions to Family and Household Economics
Gary Becker's Contributions to Family and Household Economics Robert A. Pollak Washington University in St. Louis February 2002 Revised: September, 2002 Corrected November, 2002 Robert A. Pollak Dept. of Economics, Campus Box 1208 Washington University in St. Louis 205 Eliot Hall One Brookings Drive St. Louis, MO 63130 voice: (314) 935-4918 fax: (314) 935-6359 email: [email protected] Comments Welcome * This paper is an expanded version of a talk I gave at the University of Chicago on April 20, 2001 at the Phoenix Symposium in honor of Gary Becker. I am grateful to the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation for financial support, to Nancy Folbre, Shoshana Grossbard-Shechtman, and Shelly Lundberg for their helpful comments, to Joanne Spitz for editorial assistance, and to Lars Hansen and Jim Heckman for inviting me to participate in the symposium. Their invitation read in part, "We would like you to discuss his and other work on household and family economics, including its importance to social science and policy. We would like this to be a serious assessment of research, more than just superficial praise." Robert A. Pollak Washington University in St. Louis Abstract "Gary Becker's Contributions to Family and Household Economics" Gary Becker's influence on the economics of the family has been pervasive. His ideas have dominated research in the economics of the family, shaping the tools we use, the questions we ask, and the answers we give. The foundational assumptions of Becker's economic approach to the family -- maximizing behavior and equilibrium -- as well as such primary auxiliary assumptions as household production and interdependent preferences, are now widely accepted not only by economists but also by family sociologists, demographers, and others who study the family.
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