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Technical Forestry Education FAO TechnicTechnical I FORESTRY forestryfor-siry PAPER education 47 Design and implementationimplementation by H.A. 11rniHilmi and D. Sim .II;;~ . ~, .... -:;;:g; FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THETHE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 19841984 The designationsdesignatio.ns employed and the presentationpresentation of materialmaterial in thisthis publicationpublication do not implyimply the expression ofof anyany opinionopinion whatsoeverwhatsoever on thethe part ofof thethe Food Food and and Agriculture Agriculture Organization Organization of the United Nations concerning thethe legallegal status of anyany country,country, territory, city oror areaarea oror of itsits authorities,authorities, oror concerningconcerning thethe delimitationdelimitation of itsits frontiersfrontiers or or boundaries. boundaries. M-39 ISBNISBN 92-5-102080-9 .AllAII rights reserved. No partpart of this publication may bebe reproduced,reproduced, stored in aa retrievalretrieval system,system, oror transmittedtransmitted inin ahya~y formform oror by by any any means. means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise,otherwise, withoutwithout thethe prior permission ofof thethe copyrightcopyright owner.owner. Applications for suchsuch permission,permission, . with aa statementstatement ofof the the purpose purpose andand extentextent of of the the reproduction, reproduction, should should be addressed toto the Director,Director, PublicationsPublications Division, Food and AgricultureAgriculture Organization ofof the UnitedUnited Nations,Nations, ViaVia delledelle Terme Terme didi Caracalla, Caracalla, 00100 00100 Rome, Italy. © FAOFAO 19841984 iii - ACKNOWLEDGMENPSACKOOllLEDGMENl'S The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsNations acknowledges with thanks a financial contribution from the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) whichWhich has helped to makemake this publicationpublication possible.possible. The authors are greatlygreatly indebtedindebted forfor helpful suggestionssuggestions and valued assistance from a number of people, inin particularparticular S.-G.~G. Larsson and J.D. Leefe. -v- CONI'CONTENTS EIIl'S Page PART I - EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGYTECHlllLOGY AND HUMAN R~IREMENI'SREQUIREMENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .......••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ....... ...................GOO ..... 000000000000 2. TRAINING REQUIRENENTSREX;aIIREMERrS FOR FOREST ~HNICIAl5TECHNICIANS ••••••••••••••••••••• 1 3. TmHNICALTECHNICAL TRAININGTRAINIlll IN RELATION TO OTHER0l'J!ER FORMSFORM> OF TRAINIlDTRAINING ....... 2 4. DIFFERENCES FROMFROM OTHEROTHER FOREEFORMS OFOF TRAININGTRAINING ........••••••••••••••••••••••••• ........ 2:1 4.1 Differences from professional training ••••••••••••••••••••• 2 4.2 Differences from vocational training ••••••••••••••••••••••• 2 5. AIMS OF TEX:HNICALTECHNICAL FORESTRY TRAINING .............................. 3 5.1 Overall aim of the training 0000•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ..... 000000 ......... 3 5.2 Specific aimsaima ofof the training .......••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..........0000000001 3 5.5.2.12.1 Planning skillsskills .............•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••000000 ...... oeo0op0000po 3 5·2.25.2.2 Supervisory skills ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••000 ...... 0000 ....... *04,0000o0000on 3 5.5.2.32.) Management ofof tools,toolSt machinerymachinery andand equipmentequipment •••••••• 3 5·2.45.2.4 Relevance to other rural activities ••••••••••••••••• 3 6. DESIGN AND IMPROVEMENTIMPROVEMENl' OF CURRICULACURRICULA ANDAND SYLLABUSESSYLLABUSES ............... 4 6.16.1 CUrriculumCurriculum contentcontent e00015••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ..... *00000.00000000G. ...... 4 6.2 Decisions onon coursecourse formatformat •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0000000000000000000000 ..... 00000. 4 6.36.) Syllabus construction ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••........... .....o.. o. oso COG o o 5 6.4 Syllabus development •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0000C ........ 00000000 ......... 5 6.5 Time scalescale ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 6.6 Cross-checkingCrosschecking ofof syllabussyllabus contentcontent ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6 6.7 Relationship to university and overseasoverseas coursescourses ......••••• • •••••• 6 6.8 Sub-divisionSubdivision ofof topicstopics ••••••••• • •• • ••••• • •••••••••••••••••• 6 6.9 Inclusion ofof basicbasic studiesstudies ...... ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ......... ...........000000G 6 6.10 Validation ofof coursescourses ...... ..•..•.•........•.........•........•.. .............. ...........0000000 6 6.11 Handouts and training manualsmanuals 00000000000•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ..... 00000000000000 7 7. ORGANIZATION OF PRACTICAL WORK AND STUDY TOURS ••••••••••••••••••• 7 7.1 Importance of practical work and tours •••••••••••••••••••••............. 7 7.2 Initial demonstration and training area •••••••••••••••••••• 8 7.3 Practice yard •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 7.4 Training forestforest •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 7.5 Training inin planningplanning andand supervisionsupervision ••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 --vivi -- Page 7.6 Training in oommunity forestry and extension ••••••••••••••• 9 7.7 Study tours ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••coo ***** co ........ oc 00000 ~ ••••••••••••• 9 7.8 WorkWork expeJ;'iexperience.ence ...................................,. •••••••••• 9 8. TEACHINGTEACHING ANDAND TRAINING TRAINIM 'METHODSDETHODS ...............ooac00000coocoo.00Poccocc000..•.•.......••..•.•.... 0000000000 10 8.18.1 Class teacn~ngteacning ........................000000 00000000004000000000000000000' ••••••••••••••••••••••• 10 8.2 StudentStudent participa.tionparticipation ••••••occoccocooccoccococ000posocceoc '!. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0000000 10 8038.3 LecturesLectures ••••••••••••6006000000000060000,00- ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 000000 000000000 0000000 10 8.4 Discussion ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11 8·58.5 Demonstrations ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11 8.6 Group work ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11 8.7 Project work ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11 8.8 Written instructions ••••••••••••••••••• •• •••••••••••••••••• 12 8·98.9 AssessmentAssessmentE. s ...............................•................ 12 8.108.10 Conclusionsconclusions ............•.....................•......0000000000004 0000000000000 0000600000006.^000000.....•. 12 LEA.R.NIWLEARNIM RESOURCESROURC.M. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••00000000000000"e00000060660066060.000 12 9.1 Prepared diagramsdiagrams 0000000000•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0006000006000000666000.0006 OOOOO 121X ,_ ~.,;. 9.29.2 Chalkboard diagrams ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••000600 OOOOOOOOOOOO 13-13 9039.3 Flip charts coo°•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• OOOOOOOOO 000poc000000cocooc000000e 00000000 oo 13 9.4 Horizontal chalkboardschalkboards •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••00000000 0000006600000 OOOOO 6 OOOOOOOOOO 13/3 9.5 Sand table or terrain modelmodel ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••OOOOOO OOOOOO OOOOOOO 13 9.6 Magnetic board ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13 9.79·7 Felt boards •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13 9.8 Overhead projector ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 14 9.9 Colour slidesslides and filmfilm stripsstrips 00006000060000000006000•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• OOOOOOO 14 9.10 8mm films and film loopsloops •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••OOOOO.............. ..... 14 9.11 16mm sound filmsfilms ........•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0000060000000600000......... 14 9.12 Tape recorder ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••00069000006.00,000060600000004000600000000000006 15 9.139. 13 Television, video recorders and video camerascameras •••••••••••••• 15 9.14 Miscellaneous items •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 9.15 Library ..........••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0600000000000000600000006000000 ......... 0p 1515 10. DURATION OF TRAINING .................••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 000000.000 OOOOO0000000000000 16 10.1 General considerations ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16 10.10.22 Level of entryentry inin relation to the locallocal communitycommunity •••••••••• 16 100310.3 Level of basic educationeducation required •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16 10.4 Dangers ofof a too hie'high educationaleducational threshold ••••••••••••••••..... ..... 17 10.5 Problems with a rangeran~ ofof academic levelslevels •••••••••••••••••••........ 17 10.6 Deficiencies ofof aa 2-year2-year course course ............... •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ........ ...o 17 10.7 AdditionalAdditional problemsproblems inin acquiring practicalpractical experienceexperience •••••• 18 vii ~Page 10.8 Alternative entry leVellevel ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••6000060000000600606066000006600600 18 10.9 Job requirements 000•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 00000 0000000000 00000000 0000000000• •••••••• 00000 18 10.10 Possibilities for specialization •••••••••••••••••••••••••000000 ...... 19 11.11. ENTRANCEENrRANCE QUALIFICATIONS 0000••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ..... 060000 ..... 000006600006006000006 19 11.1 Level of general education •••••0000000000e0000006000000.00000• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 1102 Physical fitnessfitness ..........•.........•..•.•.•.•.•......•.. .............000000000000 000000000000 19 11.3 Aptitude and integrity ofof traineestrainees
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