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Waste Management Study – Livingstone, Zambia ASSESSMENT of OPPORTUNITIES for the REDUCTION of OPEN BURNING PRACTICES

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Waste Management Study – Livingstone, Zambia ASSESSMENT of OPPORTUNITIES for the REDUCTION of OPEN BURNING PRACTICES Waste Management Study – Livingstone, Zambia ASSESSMENT OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE REDUCTION OF OPEN BURNING PRACTICES Contributing consultants Joy Simwaba, National Expert on Environment & Waste Special acknowledgements Livingstone City Council Waste Management Unit for survey guidance, interview responses and provision of raw data Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) for facilitation of formal contacts with the City Council Waste Management Study for Livingstone 2 CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 4 TABLES & ILLUSTRATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 5 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Summary of Findings ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Summary of Areas of Improvement .................................................................................................................. 9 2. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................. 10 3. CITY CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Regulations & Market Mechanisms Covering Waste Management in Livingstone .......................................... 17 4. WASTE MAPPING ................................................................................................................................. 19 4.1 Population Map ............................................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Waste Map ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 4.3 Collection Systems ......................................................................................................................................... 21 4.4 Waste Characterisation ................................................................................................................................... 21 4.5 Summary of Challenges .................................................................................................................................. 22 4.6 Opportunities for Development ....................................................................................................................... 23 5. RECYCLING AND RECYCLABLES ...................................................................................................... 25 5.1 Current Practices ............................................................................................................................................ 25 5.2 Opportunities ................................................................................................................................................... 26 5.3 Roadmap Proposed ........................................................................................................................................ 27 5.4 Quantities and Sustainability ........................................................................................................................... 28 6. CITY-LEVEL WASTE DISPOSAL .......................................................................................................... 29 6.1 Current Dumpsite and Its Challenges ........................................................................................................... 29 6.2 Roadmap to Sanitary Landfill ........................................................................................................................ 29 6.3 Quick-Win Opportunities ............................................................................................................................... 33 7. PROPOSALS ON COLLECTION SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 34 7.1 Overall Strategy ............................................................................................................................................. 34 7.2 Volume Estimates .......................................................................................................................................... 34 7.3 SWOT Assessment ....................................................................................................................................... 35 7.3 Key Derived Actions ...................................................................................................................................... 38 7.4 Collection Systems and Collection Centres .................................................................................................. 38 7.5 Fees and Payment Systems ......................................................................................................................... 39 7.6 Collector Characteristics ............................................................................................................................... 40 7.7 Projected Cost Impacts ................................................................................................................................. 41 7.8 Projected Revenue Impacts .......................................................................................................................... 44 7.9 Implied Changes in Cost and Revenue Administration for Waste Management ........................................... 44 8. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................ 45 PHOTOLOG ................................................................................................................................................................... 48 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................................................. 49 Waste Management Study for Livingstone 3 ABBREVIATIONS 7NDP Seventh National Development Plan NIMBY Not In My Back Yard AF Alternative Fuel OECD Organization for Economic ARM Alternative Raw Material Cooperation and Development (a 34 BATNEEC Best Available Technology Not member body of the most developed Entailing Excessive Cost countries in the world) BAU Business As Usual Opex Operating Expenditure BDMs Biodegradable Materials PAYG Pay As You Go BOQ Bill of Quantities POA Product Off-take Agreement BPEO Best Practicable Environmental POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants Option PPE Personal Protective Equipment C&D Construction and Demolition RMs Recyclable Materials Capex Capital Expenditure SADC Southern African Development CAGR Compounded Annual Growth Rate Community CBD Central Business District SI Statutory Instrument CC Collection Centre SMS Short Messaging System SUF Single-User Facility CO2 Carbon dioxide CSO Central Statistical Office TC Town Clerk EIA Environmental Impact Assessment TPY Tons Per Year EMA 2011 The Environmental Management Act UNIDO United Nations Industrial (no. 12 of 2011) Development Organisation EMS Environmental Management System WACS Waste Analysis and Characterisation Study EPR Extended Producer Responsibility WM Waste Management GHG Greenhouse Gas (emissions) WMG Waste Management Grid GRZ Government of the Republic of Zambia WMU Waste Management Unit Gt Giga.tonnes (x106 tonnes) WPY Waste Processing Yard GVM Gross Vehicle Mass ZABS Zambia Bureau of Standards HH Household ZAWA Zambia Wildlife Authority ISID Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial ZCSA Zambia Compulsory Standards Development Agency JCTR Jesuit Centre for Theological ZEMA Zambia Environmental Management Reflection Agency kt kilo.tonnes (1000,000kg) ZESCO Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation Ltd LCC Livingstone City Council ZRA Zambia Revenue Authority MBI Market-Based Incentives ZS Zambian Standard MSME Micro, Small & Medium scale Enterprises Waste Management Study for Livingstone 4 TABLES & ILLUSTRATIONS Table 2.1 Study Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………………..9 Table 2.2 The Project Waste Management Grid - Generic ………………..……………………………………………11 Table 2.3: The Project Waste Management Grid – Adapted To Livingstone…….……………………………………12 Table 3.1.1 Waste Collection Methods In Livingstone ………………..…………………………………………………14 Table 3.1.2 Sustaining Cash Available For Waste Management In Livingstone …..…………………………………15 Figure 4.1.1 Livingstone Township Map Showing The Six Waste Collection Zones …….………..………………...18 Figure 4.2.1 Livingstone Township Map Showing The Seven Waste Collection Areas ……………………………...19 Figure 4.2.2 Estimated Waste Volumes Available And Collected (Tpa)……………………………………………….19 Table 4.4.1 Characterisation Of Dumpsite Inlet Sample ……………………………………………………………...…21 Figures 5.1.3 – 6 Some Active Recycling Projects….……………………………………………………………………24 Table 5.1.1 Recycling – Current Off-Takers …………………………………………………...…………………………25 Table 5.2.1 Recycling – Potential Off-Takers ………………………………………………………………….…………25
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