Leaders in Urban Transport Planning

Public Disclosure Authorized Leaders in Urban Transport Planning Public Disclosure Authorized WORKSHOP REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized 5 - 11 May 2019 Public Disclosure Authorized Livingstone, Zambia Contents Introduction to LUTP ................................................................................................................. 1 Background ................................................................................................................................ 3 Declining Standards of Public Transport. .............................................................................. 4 Workshop Overview .................................................................................................................. 5 Conceptualization ................................................................................................................... 5 Preparatory Missions .............................................................................................................. 6 Structure and Program ............................................................................................................ 8 Key Partners and Funding ...................................................................................................... 9 Participants ............................................................................................................................. 9 Presenters ............................................................................................................................. 12 Workshop Program .................................................................................................................. 14 Common Challenges ................................................................................................................ 16 Outcomes and Next Steps ........................................................................................................ 18 Outcomes for Participants .................................................................................................... 18 Participant Feedback ............................................................................................................ 18 Outcomes for Development ................................................................................................. 19 Appendix A: Workshop Content and Proceedings ................................................................... 21 Appendix B: City-specific Discussions ................................................................................... 29 Appendix C: Workshop Participants ........................................................................................ 37 Appendix D: Participant Feedback .......................................................................................... 39 Appendix E: Case Studies ........................................................................................................ 54 Maseru Urban Transport Problems ...................................................................................... 54 Lusaka Decongestion Project ............................................................................................... 67 LUTP Livingstone, Zambia - May 2019 Introduction to LUTP Urban transport planning and management is complex and multidimen- sional. However, many developing countries do not have access to good pro- grams in urban planning, especially in the various soft disciplines of urban transport, from planning to finance and operations. It is with this in mind that the “Leaders in Urban Transport Planning” (LUTP) capacity-building program was developed to address the knowledge gap and help city leaders deal effectively with complex urban transport issues. Launched in 2007, the LUTP program has evolved from a lecture-based approach to a broader multimedia, interactive, and case study-based workshop. It has delivered over 50 workshops in four languages (English, French, Spanish, and Chinese) to over 5,000 leaders from more than 30 countries. LUTP is a knowledge-sharing program focused on promoting sustainable transport and improving accessibility, efficiency, safety, equity, and green transport. The program helps participants develop a structured way of decision making that considers the complexities of urban transport. The program uses a "hands on" learning approach that makes extensive use of case studies, group ex- ercises, and site visits to highlight the linkages among the different components of the urban transport system. The centerpiece of the program is a 5- to 7-day workshop, often sponsored by a local partnering institution or by donor agencies. The workshop is pre- ceded by a self-learning phase which involves about 24 hours of self-paced study and covers topics ranging from land use and transport planning to environmental and social issues in urban transport planning. LUTP equips transport professionals with knowledge of integrated strategic planning and transport management. The program objectives are to build urban transport leadership that: 1. Understands the complexities of urban transport problems and possible context-sensitive solutions; 2. Recognizes the need for integrated mobility planning, what this planning involves, and how it should be undertaken; and 3. Uses lessons learned from cities and cases for better decision making. - 1 - LUTP Livingstone, Zambia - May 2019 The program is designed for senior and mid-level transport professionals. Policymakers and planners from national, state, and city level governments who are responsible for "putting the pieces together" find the program very useful. Participants from civil society, consultants, and potential faculty from local train- ing institutions have also attended LUTP events in the past. - 2 - LUTP Livingstone, Zambia - May 2019 Background Three simultaneous trends present a significant transport challenge to cities in developing countries - rapid urbanization, rapid economic development, and income growth - leading to even more rapid motorization. In 2000, one in three Africans lived in a city; by 2030, one in two will do so. Average incomes are growing at 23 percent per year. The cumulative effect of population and income growth is an increase in vehicle ownership by over 10 percent annually in most African cities—from less than 50 vehicles in 2000 to over 200 vehicles per 1,000 population by 2015. While the first two of three related trends, urbanization and income growth, provide significant benefits, motorization is a mixed and particu- larly challenging “blessing.” Growing motorization has facilitated a further decrease in density in the already flat city structures in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In Accra, for example, the built-up area has increased from 260 square kilometers in 1990 to 795 square kilometers in 2015. The population density, in turn, has decreased from 8,000 persons per square kilometer to 5,500 persons per square kilometer over the same period. The expansion in city size and decline in density has simultaneously re- sulted in an increasing demand for infrastructure and services and has made it dif- ficult for public transport to serve the market demand. Growing vehicle ownership together with greater use because of increasing travel distances has increased vehicle-km by an estimated tenfold within a decade. Urban expansion has physically surpassed the city administrative boundary and spilled into adjacent areas, engulfing smaller cities and towns and absorb- ing semi-urban areas and rural hinterlands. Challenges associated with this type of urbanization include: rapid, low-density expansion at peripheries reaching towns and villages that are up to 100 kilometers from the center; ribbon development along feeder and trunk roads, and in cluster patterns that lack basic services and social amenities; and a lack of affordable housing. While growing congestion is already a cause of major concern to policy makers, what is even more alarming is the estimated almost doubling of urban population by 2050. The cumulative effect of population growth, spatial expansion, increases in income, and resulting increases in vehicle ownership and use will make daily living that much more dif- ficult. - 3 - LUTP Livingstone, Zambia - May 2019 Traffic congestion has been documented to have detrimental effects on productivity, air pollution, fuel wastage, health, and quality of life. Studies on these costs in monetary values have prompted numerous policy deliberations and generated interest in providing traffic solutions to help mitigate the impacts. Declining Standards of Public Transport. Growing and sprawling cities, together with rapidly increasing incomes and changing behavioral patterns, make conventional public transport less and less able to meet the mobility and access needs of the bulk of urban residents who cannot afford private transport of any kind. Public transport must compete for road space with exponentially growing numbers of taxis, motorcycle taxis, motor bikes, motorcycles, and private autos, degrading its performance. It must compete with these subsidized modes (both directly in the form of free parking and indirectly in the form of many negative externalities) for customers, while increasing congestion makes it less able to do so. The increasingly inhospitable roadway environment for surface public transport makes it less desirable for customers, which, in turn, makes it dif- ficult financially to sustain the quality and level of service. This leads to

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