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Introduction to Standardization for Aalto University 2018-02-01

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Introduction to Standardization for Aalto University 2018-02-01 Standardization Introduction to standardization for Aalto University 2018-02-01 Jukka Alve 2 Standardization Overview • Standardization in General • Standardization organizations • What is standardization? • International / European / National standards • What is a standard? • Publication types • Principles of standardization • Motivation for making a standard • Publications and derived products • Who develops standards? • Standard classification and special status • Standards vs. legislation • Conformity assessment (separate activity, but based on the use of standards) 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 3 Standardization What is standardardization? standardization activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order on a given context NOTE 1 In particular, the activity consists of the processes of formulating, issuing and implementing standards. NOTE 2 Important benefits of standardization are improvement of the suitability of products, processes and services for their intended purposes, preventing of barriers to trade and facilitation of technological cooperation [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 2 Edition 8.0] 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 4 Standardization What is a standard? standard document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context NOTE Standards should be based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience, and aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits. [SOURCE ISO/IEC Guide 2 Edition 8.0] Or, to put it simply, a standard is an agreed way of doing something; a common solution for a mutual problem. [SOURCE https://blog.iec.ch/about-iec/] 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 5 Standardization Principles of standardization Transparency Impartiality and consensus Coherence Openness Efficiency and relevance 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 6 Standardization Motivation for making a standard Standardization has numerous benefits: • guarantees interoperability • ensures safety • improves quality • makes communication easier • simplifies legislation • makes the design task easier • facilitates international trade • brings cost savings • enables impartial testing and certification 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 7 Standardization Who develops standards? Standardization is a voluntary activity. Standards are prepared by groups of experts representing various interested parties: • companies, especially manufacturers • research and test laboratories • universities • authorities • even interested individuals Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and societal stakeholders are strongly encouraged to participate! 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 8 Standardization Standards vs. legislation In principle, compliance with a standard is voluntary, unless there is legislation requiring this. EU New Legislative Framework a.k.a. New Approach: • Only the essential requirements on safety, health, environment and consumer protection are included in the European directive. • Technical solutions, how a product can meet these requirements, are presented in harmonized standards prepared by CEN, CENELEC and ETSI. • Building a product according to a harmonized standard listed in the EU Official Journal under a specific directive gives the presumption of conformity, and the product can be sold throughout EU without barriers. See https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/european- standards/harmonised-standards_en for further information. • It may be possible to meet the requirements of the directive in some other way, but usually referring to the standard is by far the easiest way of demonstrating conformity. 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 9 Standardization CE-marking • To indicate that the product meets all the requirements of different directives applicable to it, the manufacturer shall mark it with the CE mark. • The CE-mark enables free movement of the product within the European economic area. 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 10 Standardization Official standardization organizations General Electrotechnical Telecommunication Global European National 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 11 Standardization Electrotechnical standardization system IEC CENELEC SESKO ry International European Electrotechnical Committee for Commission Electrotechnical (2016 figures) Standardization • 83 National Committees (member • 33 member countries (EU, • coordinates Finnish participation in countries) and 87 Affiliates EEC, Turkey, Macedonia) international work • Number of technical committees or • Number of standards (2016) • 20 member organizations subcommittees: 203 6857, of which 78 % IEC-based • 43 national mirror committees (latest • Number of experts > 20000 • New standards published in SESKO-SFS JTC 1 SC 41 IoT) • Number of WG/PT/MTs: 1432 2016: 429 • 70 follow-up groups • Number of publications: 9855 • network of 460 experts • New standards published in 2016: 476 • SFS standards writing body 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 12 Standardization Official standardization organizations … just to name a few. There’s more… 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 13 Standardization International / European / National standards • IEC and CENELEC have signed an agreement (“Frankfurt agreement”), in which CENELEC has agreed to offer all new work to be carried out at the IEC level. • This means that the technical content of the majority of standards is written in IEC working groups, and IEC standards are adopted in Europe (with or without European modifications). • CENELEC member countries have an obligation to implement EN standards as national standards without modifications. • Nowadays, it is difficult to publish a home-grown national standard. The Vilamoura process dictates that a country that wants to start a national standardization project shall first ask if any other CENELEC countries want to participate, and if a sufficient number of countries show interest, the project becomes a CENELEC project. 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 14 Standardization Committee structure • Technical work is carried out in various Technical Committees (TC), which may have subcommittees (SC). The committees and subcommittees typically have several working groups (WG), where the standards are actually written. • See the following committee lists for further information: . IEC committees . CENELEC committees . SESKO committees 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 15 Standardization IEC CENELEC SESKO Proposal stage (NP) Proposal or vote on NP-draft Preparation of IEC-, EN- and Maintenance Preparatory stage WG/MT members SFS-standards Committee stage (CD) Comments from expert M groups (parallel A I procedure) National enquiry N Enquiry stage (CDV) Parallel CDV-vote T Vote (IEC & CENELEC) E Comments on EN-draft N A N Approval stage (FDIS) Parallel CDV-vote Vote (IEC & CENELEC) C National enquiry E C BT ratification SESKOs Managing Director Y C L E IEC Publication EN Publication SFS-EN-standard 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 16 Standardization IEC CENELEC SESKO Proposal stage (NP) Proposal or vote on NP-draft Preparation of Technical content is fixed !!! IEC-, EN- and Maintenance Preparatory stage WG/MT members SFS-standards Committee stage (CD) Comments from expert M groups (parallel A I procedure) National enquiry N Enquiry stage (CDV) Parallel CDV-vote T Vote (IEC & CENELEC) E Comments on EN-draft N A N Approval stage (FDIS) Parallel CDV-vote Vote (IEC & CENELEC) C National enquiry E C BT ratification SESKOs Managing Director Y C L E IEC Publication EN Publication SFS-EN-standard 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 17 Standardization IEC CENELEC SESKO Proposal stage (NP) Proposal or vote on NP-draft Preparation of IEC-, EN- and Maintenance Preparatory stage WG/MT members SFS-standards Last stage to give comments !!! Committee stage (CD) Comments from expert M groups (parallel A I procedure) National enquiry N Enquiry stage (CDV) Parallel CDV-vote T Vote (IEC & CENELEC) E Comments on EN-draft N A N Approval stage (FDIS) Parallel CDV-vote Vote (IEC & CENELEC) C National enquiry E C BT ratification SESKOs Managing Director Y C L E IEC Publication EN Publication SFS-EN-standard 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 18 Standardization IEC CENELEC SESKO Proposal stage (NP) Proposal or vote on NP-draft Preparation of Technical content is fixed !!! IEC-, EN- and Maintenance Preparatory stage WG/MT members SFS-standards Last stage to give comments !!! Committee stage (CD) Comments from expert M groups (parallel A I procedure) National enquiry N Enquiry stage (CDV) Parallel CDV-vote T Vote (IEC & CENELEC) E Comments on EN-draft N A N Approval stage (FDIS) Parallel CDV-vote Vote (IEC & CENELEC) C National enquiry E C BT ratification SESKOs Managing Director Y C L E IEC Publication EN Publication SFS-EN-standard SFS-standard is prepared in IEC !!! 31.1.2018 Jukka Alve 19 Standardization IEC patent policy and patent declarations DB COMMON PATENT POLICY FOR ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC Code of practice may be summarized as follows: Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), the ITU Radio-communication Bureau (BR) and the offices of the CEOs of ISO Patent Statement and Licencing Declaration Form and IEC are not in a position to give authoritative or comprehensive (Word template) information about evidence, validity or scope of patents or similar rights, but it is desirable that the fullest available information should be disclosed. Therefore, any party participating in the work of ITU, ISO or IEC should,
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