Judaica Librarianship
Volume 10 Number 1–2 51-57
5-1-2000 f American Jewishס Compiling a Bibliography Liturgy through 1925 Sharona R. Wachs SUNY, University at Albany
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Recommended Citation .f American Jewish Liturgy through 1925." Judaica Librarianship 10: 51-57ס Wachs, Sharona R.. 2000. "Compiling a Bibliography doi:10.14263/2330-2976.1154. Association of Jewish Libraries, 30th Annual Convention, Chicago י REFERENCE DEPARTMENT
*f American Jewish Liturgy through 1925ס Compiling a Bibliography
Sharona R. Wachs SUNY, University at Albany Albany, NY
- me bibliס uncharted. While there existed s ח f piety. lס k סס Abstract: The experience of compiling a The Siddur is the Jewish b Judaica, as well as ח f Americaס graphies ס ' st clearly the Jews סbibliography of American Jewish liturgy it are reflected m סח dividual libraries, there was ח f iס gs ס catal סal attitudes t חס tiס d em ח tellectual a ח from the establishment of the press i Jewish ח f America חסס mpilati סess, as separate c ח ward ח r i ס-d .... This piety סthrough 1925 is discussed. The parame G .f liturgyס umber ח a חס me call it-is basedס ters of the bibliography are detailed as s ,d ס f Gס ature ח gical premises: the סlס well as its contents. The present lack of the ?Why the 1925 cutoff ח f repeס the efficacy ,ח f siס ce ח complete or systematic documentation the esse f faith. Theseס d similar articles ח ce, a ח of American Jewish liturgy in Judaica ta grapher ס Jewish bibli ח f Jewish The Americaס pס stitute the backdr חס libraries is noted. Also discussed is the beliefs c g- ס d largest bibli ח ard's third a ח d clearly Ephraim Dei ח d they are fully a ח significance of liturgy for the study of piety, a titled ח Judaica was e ח f Americaס f the raphyס al prayers חס the traditi ח American Jews, their religious and cul expressed i tatedסחח a Kohelet Amerika (1926). This a חס gue .... All prayer is based ס ag ח tural identity, as well as their demo Sy Jewish ח cuments America סgraphy dס t bibli ח s which represe חס f assumptiס umber ח .graphics ard ח Dei .1925 ס m 1735 tס ts issued frח impri ס d tסס d highest g ח tial truths aח the esse sive, but ח mpreheס be c ס rk t סded his w ח te חmmitted . iס ple is cס r pe חסס This paper details the experience of which a pers . rs ס replete with err ס lt was als .ס t sסח e can it was חס gue ס ag ח f the Syס compiling a bibliography of American ln the prayers - text is a secחס this c חterest iח al ideals, beliefs , Of particular i חס d the Jews' traditi ח Jewish liturgy through 1925, and fi t ס titled "Sidre tefil ח graphy eס f the bibli חסס ward tiס gs t ח d feeli ח describes some of the parameters and values, attitudes a tated listסחח a ח rmim be-Amerika," aס d .... (1971, pp . la-Ref ח ki ח d ma ח d, lsrael a סcontents of the bibliography. This bibli G the ח ks published i ססrm" prayer bס f "Refס (.ography was published by Hebrew 391-392 blemsס ited States. There are several pr חUnion College Press in late 1997 under U חsive i ח mpreheס t cסח lt is .חס f the prayer with this sectiס f the textס ce ח rta ס the title American Jewish Liturgies: A The imp re סrm liturgy. M ס f Refס חס tatiח cumeס its d ח i ח ffma סce A. H ח ted by Lawreסח k is ססBibliography of American Jewish b - ac חrk is i סard's w ח f Deiס tly, muchח rtaס k Beyond the Text : imp ססLiturgy from the Establishment of the his b ח ks listed i ססme b סr example, s סPress in the Colonies through 1925. curate. F hardly be ח rm liturgy caס Ref חס חס r the secti- ס that whatever w ,ח lt might be said, the - edi 1852 ח rm, such as a ס sidered Ref חסd, they are c סG ס say t ס e might shipers presume t ח o ,ח f this discussioס At the outset - lf Heiס mpiled by W סf Sefat emet, cס חס ti ס g a message t ח ask the following questions : at the same time directi Hebrew ח heim (1757-1832), a Germa ח rship de סf wס themselves. The very act .liturgy חס rס mmentatס and c ח r the grammaria סg f ח tifyiח of ide ח ctio ח the fu חס Why liturgy? takes (1 d ח sidered grammatically a חס ds This text, c ח Why American Jewish liturgy? worshiper what it is that he or she sta (2 graphically ס rrect, as well as typ סWhy the 1925 cutoff? for, what real life is like, what his or her textually c (3 tingsח pri 150 ח re tha סyed mס j חs are. The liturgical medium beautiful, e ח aspiratio - dard, tradi ח sidered a sta חסc ח d has bee ח Why liturgy? becomes the message (1987, p . 69.) a . x-textס dס al-i.e., Orth חס ti dex of ח i ח re, liturgy serves as aס Theref ח ut the ages, the siddur has bee ס Through fס ce ח clude the abse ח blems i ס time, or Other pr ח ity. The sid- where a people are at a give ח mmu ס f the Jewish cס r ס a mirr me ס s ח graphical data i ס t bibli ח rta ס g the political or where they would like to be . imp ח dur is full of prayers reflecti d ח tered twice, aח me items are e ס tries. Sח e ח tries i חu סy cח social realities of the ma חס cusedס ard f ח s. Dei ח missio ס which Jews have lived, as well as the vari - Why American Jewish liturgy? there are fס yח Hebrew, while ma ח rks published iס which w ס ds t ח r spiritual treס gical סlס us the ס - f Jewish liturgy were writס rks סewer w ח chose this area of study for pragmatic rea - the ו .sed. As Abraham E ס exp ח Jews have bee , fס s חס t sectiח ifica ח ed sig ח taiחס r cס ,ח i ח ited States, it te חthe U ח live i ו s. Because ח Jewish Worship : so ח i ח Millgram has writte y ofח ma ,חס additi ח glish. l חr E ס ח assume that it would be Germa סable t ח was reaso - gra ס the bibli ח tered iח these items were e ח d locate America ח easier to identify a - rmat, regardס guage f ח a Hebrew la ח phy i ח cou ח prayer books of foreig ח liturgy tha . f the title pageס guage ח f the laס Jewish liturgy less ח also chose America ו . a presentation made at the 30th tries חס Based* - ifi ח Annual Convention of the Association of because the time parameters are sig graphy ס f my bibliס alsס re, the gס those of Jewish liturgy Theref ח tly smaller tha ח Jewish Libraries, Chicago, June 19, 1995. ca סd t ח rk a סard's w ח rrect Dei ס c ס Jew- were t ח Many of the ideas in this paper are as a whole. (The first item of America f Jewish liturgyס rks ס w וו ver aס c ס amplify it t ו , Lastly (.1760 ח inc/uded in the author's introduction to her ish liturgy was published i ughס ited States thr חthe U חse this field of study because it was published iס bibliography. ch
Judaica Librarianship Vol. 10 No. 1-2 Spring 1999-Winter 2000 51 ,- Association of Jewish Libraries, 30th Annual Convention, Chicago
eir way to a ר Any cutoff date is arbitrary. The num - torical Society, in Waltham, MA; Gratz Col - most would never have found tl .1925 ber of works of American Jewish liturgy lege; Hebrew Union College--Jewish lnsti - library or archive. A service for an individual expands exponentially every decade, and tute of Religion, Cincinnati and Los Ange - is entered in the bibliography if it contains 1925 turned out to be a good place to stop . les; University of California, Los Angeles ; special prayers written or composed specif - The bibliography documents some the Jewish Community Library of Los Ange - ically for the event, such as a hymn com - Sephardic liturgy, a lot of Reform liturgy, the les; the University of Judaism; the Univer - posed by Alois Kaiser in memory of his . f California at Berkeley; and the West - mother Thereseס f Conservative liturgy, and the sityס emergence f timeס growth of Orthodox liturgies in the early ern Jewish Historical Society. Lack 20th century, but it stops before the emer - and money precluded my visiting other Liturgy in manuscript is excluded as well. was able to spend This bibliography covers only published ו gence of Reconstructionist liturgy. major institutions, and would have liked works. lt does, however, include works that ו only a fraction of the time Methodology in others, particularly HUC-JIR in Cincin - are privately published. This bibliography would have also liked to go to the also does not list prayers published in ו . nati The bibliography was created in two Spertus College of Judaica, in Chicago; to newspapers, such as the American stages. The first stage was research for a what was then the Annenberg Research Hebrew, unless they were extracted and Master's thesis at Brooklyn College, where lnstitute (now the Center for Judaic Stud - issued separately. ies), in Philadelphia; to the YIVO lnstitute ו limited myself to documenting items that ו could for Jewish Research; the National Yiddish An American imprint is defined as a work ו could locate in New York, or that vis - Book Center; and a few others. Through my published in the United States, regardless ו . document through printed resources was able, nonetheless, to add sig - of the origin of the work. The bibliography ו ited the libraries of Yeshiva University, the travels Jewish Theological Seminary, Hebrew nificantly to my original bibliography, as well includes reprints of works originally pub had lished abroad, as long as they were reis ו Union College-Jewish lnstitute of Religion as refine and amplify the entries that ( HUC-JIR), and the New York Public previously compiled . sued with an American place of publication. also examined various book cata - Also listed are a few items printed in the ו .Library logs, such as those of Harvard (1968 ; Definitions and Scope United States for synagogues out of the 1972), the New York Public Library ( 1960,) country, e.g., a synagogue dedication cere and the Klau Library of HUC-JIR in ln the bibliography, liturgy is defined mony for Shearith lsrael of Montreal, pub Cincinnati (1964), as well as the National broadly. Covered are all siddurim and lished in New York. searched ma h zorim, as well as any extracts from ו (. Union Catalog ( 1968-81 through the various bibliographies of Amer - these works, such as an evening service Format and Arrangement ican Judaica compiled by Deinard ( 1926 ,) ( 'Arvit) from the daily worship, or a siddur A. S. W. Rosenbach (1926), Jacob Rader for the Sabbath. The bibliography also cov - The bibliography is arranged chronologi Marcus (1954), Allen E. Levine ( 1959,) ers occasional prayers. lncluded are cally, from the earliest works through 1925. Nathan Kaganoff (1971 ), Edwin Wolf prayers designed to be said outside the Within any given year, entries are arranged ( 1975), and Robert Singerman (1990), as synagogue, or designated for specific audi - alphabetically by title. Entries in Roman well as Alfred Sendrey's Bibliography of ences, such as devotionals or prayer books alphabet languages precede items with Jewish Music (1951 ). (Full references for for children or soldiers. Also covered are Hebrew or Yiddish titles. Titles containing these works are found in the final section of liturgies for life-cycle rituals, as well as reli - both Hebrew and Roman alphabets are this paper, "Bibliographies/Catalogs.") ln gious ceremonies and worship services entered under the language of the initial regularly examined the online held for a specific event, such as a dedica- word in the title. ltems containing a Hebrew ו , addition bibliographical databases of OCLC and tion ceremony for a new synagogue . title page as well as a Roman alphabet title RLIN. This bibliography, compiled over six page are entered under their Hebrew title. years, was completed in 1990 with over The bibliography contains the traditional 900 entries . liturgies of the Sephardic, German, and Entries are described in the sequence and Polish or Hasidic rites, as well as the newer with the prescribed punctuation of the began working for the University liturgies of Reform and Conservative lnternational Standard Book Description ו , ln 1988 at Albany. ln the academic year Judaism. Also represented are musical ren - ( ISBD). 1 chose not to enter items under received two grants, which ditions of individual prayers and prayer ser - main entry, however, because most of the ו , 1990-1991 enabled me to travel to several other major vices, as well as Jewish hymnals. Liturgies works in this bibliography would require a - relevant languages are included . uniform title for their liturgical form, if cata וו Judaica collections throughout the United in a States, in order to identify additional liturgi - logued according to Ang/o-American Cata - cal works, as well as examine some of the Haggadot, and any extractions from hag- loguing Rules, 2nd ed. revised ( 1988 ) had identified through book cata - gadot, are excluded, as they have been (AACR2rev.) While many different forms of ו items logs. The Faculty Research Awards Pro - documented in a systematic and scholarly liturgy are represented in this bibliography, gram of the University at Albany, State Uni - fashion by Avraham Yaari in his Bibliyo - most are siddurim or ma h zorim. Therefore , versity of New York and the Librarian Study grafyah she/ Hagadot Pesa h ( 1960) as well a uniform title main entry was not deemed Leave Award of the New York State/Union as in supplements to his work, including particularly helpful. Access to the liturgical of University Professionals Professional Wiener ( 1971 .) form of each item, as well as its rite, is Development and Quality of Working Life available through the liturgical index at the Committee gave me six weeks' leave to Also excluded from the bibliography are end of the bibliography. travel across the country, as well as the one-time memorials to individuals, with the funding to do so . exception of memorial services for note When the information is relevant and avail worthy persons, such as Moses Montefiore able, each entry contains the following ele was able to visit the fol - and lsaac Mayer Wise, or a President of the ments: title and subtitle, including any par ו During this leave lowing libraries: Library of Congress; Har - United States. lt would be nearly impossible allel titles; author or editor; edition vard University; The American Jewish His - to document all such services, because statement; place of publication; publisher;
52 Judaica Librarianship Vol. 10 No. 1-2 Spring 1999-Winter 2000 Association of Jewish Libraries, 30th Annual Convention, Chicago י r Ari Rite, in the ס ,f Nusa h Sefaradס ry special prayers or prayer books , anceס d categ ח r copyright; a ס/d ח a חס f publicatiס date nsס me exceptiס urse, sס f cס , r U.S. There areס , als חס tiס se for the sick, devס such as th ח f the item, if there is more thaס guages ח la n matching theס f publicatiס the patterns ס me litur-- t ס c ח oks. Theס s prayer b 'ח g childre ח otes regardi ח cluded are ח i ס e. Als חס -ס tס n, such as the prס f immigratiס e-time waves חס d ח ts aח r life-cycle eve ס or gies f ,ח slatio ח d tra ח a ,ח rship, editio ס auth - ciס rmed Sס f the Refס kסס rm prayer bס ot be Ref חח dividual prayers that ca ח ts. l ח eve חס d ח uס t fסח ח rmatio סf חt iח rta ס ther impס (,1830 ) חס f Charlestס , f lsraelitesס f liturgy etyס חס gle secti ח a si ח rized i ס the title page . categ m the Sephardicס of which was a breakaway fr ח ally, there is a sectio ח ext. Fi ח come , tח sta חס a c ס him. There is alsס ged by rite . Beth El ח try liturgy subarra ח s, if applicable, the e ח taiח Each item co ח rks geס ce, with wח ed bibli - quiet, Sephardic prese חס tiח m the above-meס umber fr ח New ח r Shearith lsrael iס d f ח e , Assessment of the Corpus erated by a ח ff, Leviסח ard, Kaga ח graphies (Dei ס Philadelphia, a ח d Mikveh lsrael i ח rk a סY ,ח germa ח drey, Si ח bach, Se ח Marcus, Rose , g of Leeser's Sidur sifte tsadiki im ח re-issui ח graphy iס this bibli חס work ח bega ו ח s the Whe ח tai ח try co ח lf). Each e ס d W ח a ח la, i סf Abraham de Sס s חס uld with the revisi ס w ו f whatס s חס had few expectati ו , ls of 1983 ס g (NUC) symbס Catal חסi ח al U חס Nati f Frederickס rks ס d the w ח d 1924, a ח f liturgy 1877 aס t a scholarסח ,ח am a libraria ו . d ח some cases fi ח g the item. l ח i ח wס libraries . des ח a Meס d de S ח ce, aח Jewish experie ח f the Americaס ard , or ח Dei ח tified i ח there are items ide the חס thesisס with a hyp ח t begiסח did ו ס copies s סח r whichס drey f ח or Se ,ח germa ח Si - graphy, pubס the bibli ח rk iס The earliest w ח f Americaס tח pmeס f the develס ature ח - ethe חסח were located. These items have . g service ח ksgivi ח is a Tha ,1760 חlume lished iס expect a particular v ו r did סcluded . liturgy. N ח i ח less bee - sh Ha סr Rס wed by a Mahzor fס ll ס This is f ח had some vague co ו . exist ס of material t d a ח a ,1761 ח m Kippur i סd Y ח ah a ח g Sha ח the U.S. developi ח f cepts about liturgy i חסס graphy is a secti ס f the bibliס d ח At the e liday prayer book ס d High H ח s, that Sabbath a ח patter ח es of immigratio ח g the li ח have alo ס dated items which are assumed t ח u g press was ח ti ח The pri .1765 חrm published i ס f Refס ce ח dera ח published through 1925. Some of there might be a prepo ח bee סח but ,1654 ח ies i ח loס the c ח uld have established iס rks w ס f the wס dividuals liturgy, or that most ח these items were compiled by i re ס r m סk was produced f סס rk . Jewish prayer b סNew Y ח published i ח ve-stated time beeס the ab ח who published i - ri ס tury. The Jews of Sephardicח a ce ח se pub - thaס frame. Other items, particularly th use the prayer books that ס ued t ח tiח co ח gi ח vered is that Americaס disc ו g ח y, The first thiח g Compa ח lished by the Hebrew Publishi d ח ught with them. The 1761 a סr they had brס , tedח tical items published with Jewish liturgy is poorly documeח early ide ח have are ,ס tח f 1765 liturgies, published by lsaac Piס st liturgy. The study סaccessible, as is m ח this i ח be errors i ס dates. There are likely t ח f assimilatioס g a level ח glish, reflecti ח E ח ple iס ew field. Pe ח was liturgy is still a relatively ו lf .חס missiס rs ofס stly errס m ,ח sectio ry ח He חס m סl ס ity. S ח mmuס the Jewish c ח dav-r i ס , have the attitude that Tefilah ח fteס a- ח mfortable with a pre-1926 determiס t cסח of New York, published the first ,ח g Jackso ח methiס t sסח , g you do ח g, is somethi ח i ח the case e ח omitted it. l ו , item ח r a give ס f חס ti d lsaac ח a ,1825/1826 ח sive siddur iח exte ח ut the couס g through ח traveli ח you study. l ח y, a ח g Compa ח f the Hebrew Publishiס l- ס f Philadelphia, published a six-vס ,tage of Leeser ח discovered that a large perce ו , Eldridge Street , try ,ח kly ס address (Bro th haveס B .1837 ח cata - ume siddur/malh or iח gs is u ח ldiס y library's liturgical hח the a חס tedח pri ח fteס cy Street) was ח Dela d both are ח a ,חס slati ח glish tra ח g works E ח teresti ח st i ס me of the mס dated items , loged. S חd u ח th dated aס b חtitle page, i Sephardic. Leeser also published a prayer חס g ח was able to evaluate were sitti ו f years of thatס ח tifies the spaח which roughly ide titled Sidurח e ,1848 ח azim i ח book for Ashke ח library directors' offices, or i ח ut the bibli - shelves iס ughס Thr .חס bable publicati סpr til the 1850s, these areח dated items which pamphlet files . divre tsadi kiim. U ח graphy there are u ס - ks pubס r Jewish prayer boס ly maj ח tified as hav- the oח itively ide ח could be more defi f liturgy issuedס the U.S. The bulk ח ge lished i ח d ra ח lume aס vered that the vס also disc ו a particular ח published withi ח g bee ח i - agogue dedi ח f syס sisted ח co 1850 ס r tס d 1925 pri ח a 1760 ח duced betwee סthat of liturgy pr ח thers iס decade. These items precede d ח dia, a ח ies, burial compe חס cerem חס early cati ח tedח cumeס have d ו . ary ח decade (e.g., 189-? precedes 1890.) is extraordi st of the texts were סr the sick. Mס items. Clearly, these formative years prayers f 1,300 the ח st are Sephardic. lס al; m חס Jewish life were filled with very traditi ח lndexes of America New ח agogues i ח sy ח ew Germa ח , d religious activity. 1840s ח tellectual aח much i , d Philadelphia were establishedח rk a סgraphy there Yס of the bibli ח clusio חס At the c . liturgies appeared ח d thus Germa ח a ח es, i ס of liturgy d חס d that the creati ח u ס f ו dex, a ח graphical i ס dexes: a ge ח are four i . s ח patter חס ally, a litur- fact, roughly follow immigrati ח d fi ח dex, a ח dex, a title i ח ame iח rmed Societyס of the Ref ח rks published were Sephardic , With the exceptioס dexes are The first w ח dex. The first three i ח gical i ,d the Beth Elohim Hymnal ח of lsraelites a ס rth ס" th סworks-b ח urth is struc - followed by Germa סged alphabetically; the f ח arra til theח ter the picture uח t eסח Reform did ח d Germa ח x" Minhag Ashkenaz a ס the geo - d ח tries iח tured hierarchically. The e g with the Seder tefilah of ח i חח dox liturgies multiplied as 1850s. Begi ס mi - Reform. Orthס dexes are pred ח ame i ח dח graphical a 1855 ח ited Leo Merzbacher, first published i ח the U ס s came t חס t populatiח ss immigraס alphabet, with cr-ח maס the R ח tly iח aח d later revised by Samuel Adler, there ח clude Minhag Polin as well a ח tries States; they iח rms. The eס m Hebrew f ס ces frח refere , oksס of Reform prayer b חס explosi ח rites. Various was a ח ia ח ma סd R ח a ח garia ח dex reflect the title pages of the as Hu ח the title i ח i rm asס evels of Ref ו tח g differeח gaged each reflecti ח rm eס g Ref ח alities advocati ח a perso- ח m alterס ces fr ח rks. There are refere ס w : alities of the compilers ח as well well as the perso ,חס iti ח r the defiס cal struggle fס a v ח tive titles . i , r Tefilot bene yeshurunס Minhag Amerika a חf Reform iס , s חס ifestati ח as the ritual ma " ce ח fereח d the "Co ח tury, the by lsaac M. Wise a ח of this ce ח d America. At the tur ח divide a סdex attempts t ח The liturgical i advocates of ( 1857, 1862, 1864, 1866); 'Olat tamid by ח tellectual struggle betwee ח rms i ס f liturgical fס ize the sum total ח orga var -d ח a ;(1872 ,1862 ,1858 ) ח rס h ח re David Eiס d those who felt m ח g to the " Radical" Reform a ח rdi ס graphy accס this bibli ח d i ח u סf Szold, of ח jamiח us prayer books by Be סdox , iס t completely Orthסח al, but חס ate structure of the siddur, the Jewish traditi חח i ,desh hi/ulimסd Baltimore ('Avodat Yisra'e/, Ko ח servative Judaism, a ח Co ס tח lved iס ts. The first sec - evח dar, or life-cycle eveח cale d ח s aחס the Hegyon ha-lev), with later revisi ח ew liturgies. l ח ducedס mpo - this struggle prס d all its subc ח vers the siddur aס c ח tio .by Marcus Jastrow חס slatiח from tra ח tury, as immigratioח its sub -d early 20th ce ח r a סts, as well as the maf]Zח e ח - d the appear ח pe grew, we fiס Eur ח ts. This is followed by the Easter ח e ח mpo ס c
Judaica Librarianship Vol. 10 No. 1-2 Spring 1999-Winter 2000 53 f Jewish Libraries, 30th Annual Convention, Chicagoס Association
turiesח d early 20th ce ח composed fore, the late 19th a ח Raphael de Cordova Lewi , of Orthodox siddurim ח American Jewish Ritual for Temple lsrael , Children's Prayer Books saw the proliferatio d ח Adolph Huebsch, of mahzorim, tehinot, selilhot, kinot, a .1870 ח i ,ח Brookly - ce books of home ritual. There was a succes ח flueח eed to i ח other way to gauge the ח Ahawath Chesed, produced Seder tefilah A , baum, Sakolski ח of publishers (Rose ח s prayer sio 'ח y childreח g the ma ח i ח d Hebrew, 1872 , 1875 , 1883,) is by exami ח a ח Germa) k's ח ry Fra ח the bibliogra - Werbelowsky) who bought He ח der Kohut, a.s well books; there are over 200 i ח slated by Alexa ח later tra the early ח y compilers of adult prayer books plates; these publishers merged iח d, pro - phy. Ma ח of Clevela ,ח Hah ח as Hymnen. Aaro g ח tury to form the Hebrew Publishiח s 20th ce 'ח Some childre .ח rban Aharon = Gebete fur Sab-- also wrote for childreסduced K y ח y. This publisher issued ma ח bath . . . (1876); David Levy of Mikveh prayer books are simplified extracts of adult Compa g Sidur bet Yisra'el ח cludi ח ally prayer books, iח origi ח ah, published 'Avodat ha - prayer books; some were writte חח lsrael, Sava Hebrew; others 'ivri taitsh, Sidur k rban minhah, Sidur ח taiח Some co .ח e produced for childre ח kodesh (1879); Edward Brow .d Mafhzor 'im be'ur bet Leyi ח services Raban, a ח firmatioח glish. Co חE ח Tefilat Yisra'e/for Sha'are Tikvah, New York are solely i .d ח d catechisms with prayers also abou ח a ח e חח d S. H. So ח a ;(1888 ,1885 ,1884 ) of siddurim ח of a more tradi - The 191 0s saw the importatio ח issued a trial ritual for Temple lsrael , Prayer books for childre ח schei . Adler/S ח d, such as the Natha ח gla ח the from E ח ature were also published i ח al ח Saint Louis ( 1888.) tio d Herbertח ger Standard Prayer Book a ח tury. Some are readers with Siח early 20th ce -f the 1850s-1880s also pro - prayers; some are full prayer books with Adler/Arthur Davis Mahzor 'avodat ohelס The period ce of Hasidic ח g - mo'ed. We see the appeara חd E ח Hebrew a ח s. Some are i ח structio ח i -ח on-Reform liturgy. The above-me ח duced ח ing i חח Y ddish . rite/Nusah Sefarad/Nusah Ari, begiו d ח Hebrew a חd a lish, while others are i ח heim siddur (1852) a ח ed Heide ח tio tury ח heim mahzor, as well as a siddur 1912 with Sidur Ari. The early 20th ce ח Heide . servative ח oted as Co ח k Women's Prayer Books produced liturgy ח ry Fra ח d mafhz or published by He ח a et ח clude Bar חvolved iח y times through - Some of those i ח ted maח were repri ,(1856 ) Charlap, The ח d/or Elzas, Abraham Hyma ח als a ח turies. Also pub - Also published were devotioח d 20th ce ח out the 19th a d the ח iak, a ח agogue, Jacob Bos ח ited Sy ח U 1852 חg i ח iחח Begi .ח lished was Seder /e-hadrat koodesh ( 1887.) prayer books for wome y. These wereח g Compa ח Bloch Publishi -ח d coח These are Orthodox Minhag Ashkenaz or with Ruhamah by Morris Raphall, a servative works, as the ח official" co ח f Stun-- " uס ח with the publicatio 1863 ח g i ח ui ח Minhag Polin texts . ti official siddur ח t produce aסח t didח d its moveme ח y Neuda, aחח den der Andacht by Fa ited ח although the U ח(, til 1946 (Silvermaח Hours of Devotion u ,ח slatio ח glish tra ח d 1890s there was E ח g the late 1880s a ח Duri agogue published a Festival prayer ח slated by M. Mayer, 1866), as well as Sy ח ewly formed (tra ח the ח a struggle for power i 1927.3 ח s book i- ח d Hester Rothschild's tra ח t. 1 The ideological debate lsaac Leeser aח Reform moveme (, ery's lmre lev ( 1864חח as E ח of Jo ח horn camp-which latio ח the Ei ח betwee d girls became The Language of Prayer Books ח a ח d Emil G . prayer books for wome ח Kohler a חח cluded Kaufma חi Hebrew, though ח t iסח Most are .ח d later lsaac commo ח d lsaac M. Wise, a ח Hirsch-a e of the features of these prayer books ח the Hebrew texts of some O ח tai ח y co ח to the Union ma ח Moses, ultimately evolved i guage, as ח t is their laח that bears comme ח itially published i חgs. They were i ח blessi ח Prayer Book (1892; withdraw ality. The first Jewish ח Yiddish well as their directio ח d, later, i ח glish, a ח d E ח a ח s for the with - Germaח The reaso] .(1894-1895 ח the U.S. were i חprayer books published i ח These texts were created for wome .(1916 ) .[ 1965 ,ח by Silberma ח drawal are give ח scribed Hebrew i ח glish, with tra ח s. That is, some are Orthodox E ח Those who lost the battle for the U P 8 pro - of all affiliatio - These were fol .ח ciatio ח u ח prayer books. Emil Hirsch , ( Raphall, Stunden der Andacht, Shas Sephardic pro ח duced their ow g- ח d E ח Hebrew a חslated tehinot, Sefer Ohel Sarah, by A. Hirscho - lowed by prayer books i ח law, tra -ח s-i ח s so 'ח hor ח e of Ei חס - immi ח g pages. As the Germa ח faci חס cil of lish ח al (Cou ח izatio ח glish . witz), some are orga ח to Eח Olat tamid i' grew, prayer books were published ח d some are Reform . gratio ח a ח(, Jewish Wome ח Germa ח d Hebrew, or i ח a ח Germa ח Prayer books were compiled by lsaac i America ח Jews i ח e. As the Germa ח t aloסח their titles, are חals, i ח ard Levy (Pittsburgh ,) Reform devotio ח Moses, Joseph Leo ,ח eratio ח d third ge ח d a ח to a secoח t iח e.g., Prayers we) ח ville, Mississippi ,) explicitly directed to wome ח Gree) ח Joseph Boge . glish ח E ח to appear i ח d Max for Private Devotion, 1912). They were prayer books begaח Joseph Krauskopf (Philadelphia), a alח s from the origi ח slatio ח Some Some were tra .ח d wome ח a ח dsberg (Rochester). Home prayer authored by both me ח La the latter ח ew. l ח d some were ח a ,ח they Germa ח clude just prayers, but more ofte ח dividual rituals i ח d i ח als, a ח books, devotio d ח ew Hebrew a ח ,tury ח s as well. Some of part of the 19th ce ח ritual directio ח tai ח were also published by Gustav Gottheil co glish prayer books appeared, some of ח or E ,ח ry Berkowitz (Philadelphia , these works were republished ofte ח New York), He) y featuredח s. This speaks of them with parallel texts, but ma ח to several revisioח t i ח we ח ger (Sa ח d Joseph Voorsa ח New York), a the ח serted. l ח glish texts with Hebrew i ח acular, E ח the ver ח i ח eed to reach wome ח servative works were a ח cisco). Proto-Co ח Fra d the ח tury aח were last decade of the 19th ce ח y wome ח ry Jacobs , but also to the fact that ma ח compiled by New York rabbis He tury, we also seeח d would look to such a volume for early part of the 20th ce ח Wise, of literate a ח d Aaro ח a ,ח ai Jeshuru ח' of B ly texts as well ח of Hebrew-o ח the publicatio ח ce. Compleme ח d ritual guida ח ged by Rudolph spiritual a ח Rodeph Shalom, later arra d Yiddish texts. Sometimes ח ce of home as Hebrew a ח flu - tary to this was the appearaח d i ח eed to publish a ח The .ח Grossma g prayer books .2 the texts were parallel; others, such as ח terestiח i ח ce through liturgy is clear. Aח e ח terliח feature of this time period was the publica - those published by J. Magil were i cluded ח d sometimes Hebrew texts i ח gre - Denominations and Rites ear; a ח day services for Reform co ח of Su ח tio Yiddish -d ח s. We also fi ח structio ח Yiddish i ,ח s, such as those issued by D. Ster ח gatio חly texts, such as te h innot, published i ח Those The period of the 1880s through 1924 was o .ח kli ח d Leo Fra ח Kohler, a חח Kaufma . tu ry ח the early 20th ce ח from Easter ח day as Sabbath" services, but a time of heavy immigratio ח t "Suסח were , d large ח ts, by a ח ts' work - Europe. These immigra ח grega ח t of co ח owledgme ח ack ח a - di ח ality of the prayer book i ח sive to the Reform of their The directio ח t respoסח Saturday. These were weekday ser - were חס g חi ists. There - cates how "radically" Reform a prayer book ח co-religio ח tral Europeaח glish . Ce ח E ח vices, mostly i
54 Judaica Librarianship Vol. 10 No. 1-2 Spring 1999-Winter 2000 , Association of Jewish Libraries, 30th Annual Convention, Chicago
was. The prayer books of Merzbacher, anniversary services marking 400 years produced dedication and anniversary ser - am sure that all of these texts did ו Szold, 1. M. Wise, Jastrow, Aaron Wise , since Columbus' journey (1492-1892) and vices, and and Henry Jacobs were right-opening (i.e ,. 250 years of Jewish settlement in the not make it into libraries and archives. Syn - "ttraditional") books. Einhorn's was left-- United States (1655-1905). agogues also folded, and not all their docu - - hope that a compre ו . k ments were savedסס n Prayer B סopening, as were the Uni and most Reform prayer books of the Where Was Liturgy Composed and Pub hensive listing of American Jewish liturgy will fear that this is ו 1890s and early 20th century, such as lished? some day be compiled, but believe that there is a bit of ו . those published by Krauskopf, Moses , an elusive goal Berkowitz, J. L. Levy, Louis Grossmann , American Jewish life began in New York , a vicious cycle here, where liturgies remain Landsberg, Bogen, and Gottheil . and most immigrants came through New uncataloged because only a few scholars York, but liturgy was produced in many dif - study them. But if liturgical works remain Liturgical Music ferent places. Liturgy was published pre - uncataloged, and, therefore, inaccessible , dominantly in New York (including Brooklyn ,) no one will know that these items exist as a believe that the ו . An interesting aspect of American Jewish with the next greatest number of publications legitimate source of study liturgy is music and/or hymnals. My bibliog - appearing in Philadelphia, Cincinnati , comments by Millgram (1971) and Hoffman raphy lists nearly 200 such works. The Chicago, Baltimore, San Francisco, and ( 1987) cited above are valid, and that the 1842 Hymnal of Beth Elohim, Charleston , Boston. Philadelphia began with Sephardic study of these liturgical texts will add to our , to include · knowledge of how Jews in America lived חס se , works (Leeser) and movedז written predominantly by Penina Mo was reprinted four times, and ultimately Reform. Some of Philadelphia's prominent and what values they held dear, during our hope that my ו .Hym -n Reform rabbis, including Marcus Jastrow, early history in this country ס contributed significantly to the Uni nal (1897). The congregations of Rodeph Joseph Krauskopf, and Henry Berkowitz , bibliography helps to document the exis - Shalom (1843), Emanu-EI (1848), and were not satisfied with the "Union" products tence of previously unknown liturgical works , Adath Jeshurun (1866) in New York; Kene - and produced their own liturgies, many of and that it will encourage institutions that seth lsrael in Philadelphia (1856); and which were reprinted often. The Bible pub - hold unique liturgical items to catalog them Oheb Shalom in Baltimore (1862) had their lisher Joseph Magil produced several Ortho - and thus make them accessible . own hymnals. lndividuals such as G. M . dox liturgical works, including his often - Cohen (1864) and Wilhelm Fischer ( 1863) reprinted linear prayer book . Notes composed hymnals or music. Music also began to develop in divergent ways in the Cincinnati, as the home of Hebrew Union 1. On the development of early Reform prayer second half of the 19th century. Synagogue College and the first home of Bloch Pub - books and the theological and social tensions music, particularly for organ, was com - lishing Co., produced a great deal of liturgy. between some of these compilers, see Eric posed for Reform congregations. Earlier Baltimore was the home of Benjamin Szold Friedland, The Historical and Theo/ogical Deve/ f opment of The Non-Orthodox Prayerbooks in theס works were composed by Jewish com - and, for a time, David Einhorn, both posers such as Alois Kaiser, E. J. Stark , whom produced liturgical works. The United States (1967, c1968) and his "Olath Tamid by David Einhorn," in 'Hebrew Union Col and S. B. Schlesinger, but later, many musi - Reform pulpits of Chicago (Sinai and Zion ) Jege Annua/ (1974); A. Z. ldelsohn, "The Liturgy n also produced their share. But liturgy was of Reform Judaism," in his Jewish Liturgy and its סcal services were composed for the Uni k by gentiles, often the Temples ' produced all around the country, as Jews Development (1932); Leon A. Jick, The Ameriסס Prayer B choir directors or organists. This was in populated the United States: in Charleston , canization ofthe Synagogue, 1820-1870 (1976); contrast to congregational singing using Richmond, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Albany , and "American Jewish Liturgies," by Lawrence A. hymnals.• Hymns were often in German , Rochester, Milwaukee, Mobile, New Hoffman (1987). For a discussion of the history and later in English . Orleans, Louisville, and Detroit. Even and conflict surrounding the Union Prayer Book, smaller towns such as Elmira, and Altoona see: Lou H. Silberman, "The Union Prayer Book: A late 19th-century interest in hazanut and Wilkes-Barre, PA, produced liturgy. A Study in Liturgical Development" (1965); brought music to the Orthodox arena. Samuel S. Cohon, "The Theology of the Union Prayer Book" (1928; 1973); Michael A. Meyer, Abundant musical scores began to appear The 19th century was a time of great intel - Response to Modemity: A History of the Reform (in romanized Hebrew or Yiddish) during lectual ferment. American Jews were Movement in Judaism (1988); and David Philip the 191 0s. Many of the composers were attempting to define who they were and what son, "The Reform Prayer Book" (1919). born in Eastern Europe. Later, the Young they believed. There was also a great strug - lsrael movement and related early Conser gle between the attempts to organize Amer - 2. For a discussion of tehinnot and/or women's vative synagogues produced a counter ican Jewish religion, and the independence prayers in the vernacular, see: Solomon Freehof , n Edward "Devotional Literature in the Vernacular," CCAR ו . trend toward congregational singing, with inherent in the "pioneer'' spirit the publication of "songsters," such as Calisch's introduction to his prayer book for Yearbook 33 (1923), pp. 375-424; Chava Weissler, "The Traditional Piety of Ashkenazic those published by Henry Gideon, Louis Beth Ahabah in Richmond, and in Max Women," in Arthur Green (ed.), Jewish Spiritua -/ Weinstein, lsrael and Samuel Goldfarb, and Landsberg's introduction to his prayer book ity from the Sixteenth-Century Revival to the Pre - 5 lsrael Levinthal. for Brith Kodesh in Rochester, both rabbis sent (New York: Crossroad, 1987), pp . 245-275 ; claim that they had not originally intended to "Prayers in Yiddish and the Religious World of Public services are another interesting phe write new prayer books. But Beth Ahabah Ashkenazic Women," in Judith Baskin (ed.), Jew- nomenon. Abraham Karp notes that Amer wanted its own prayer book, and Brith ish Women in Historical Perspective (Detroit : ica was a religious environment, where Kodesh could not be satisfied theologically Wayne State Press, 1991 ); Chava Weissler, Jewish religiosity was seen as a patriotic with any existing Reform prayer book. Ego , " Tkhines and Women's Prayer," CCAR Journa / act. 6 There were several Jewish services of politics, and conflicting definitions of Reform ( Fall 1993), pp. 75-88; Shulamith Z. Berger, "Tehines: A Brief Survey of Women's Prayer," in public mourning for a president, or celebra caused a proliferation of liturgy, not unlike Susan Grossman and Rivka Haut (eds.), Daugh - tions of American events. There were also what we are seeing in the 1990s . ters of the King (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication instances of Jews such as Morris Raphall Society, 1992), pp. 73-78. These articles deal and Rudolph Coffee, acting as "chaplains" lt is my perception that a lot more undocu with the tehinnot of European Jewish women , have not ו . in American government, as well as of mented liturgy exists. So many synagogues and specifically with Yiddish prayers
Judaica Librarianship Vol. 10 No. 1-2 Spring 1999-Winter 2000 55 ך Association of Jewish Libraries, 30th Annual Convention, Chicago
Retrospect and Prospect (New ,ח lsmar. Jewish Liturgy: A Comprehen - Wallace Kor ,ח ge ס glish - Elb ח r E ס ח f Americaס alysis ח a full a ח yet see , Rabbis ח f Americaס ceח fereחס tral Cח rk: Ce סY ח als . sive History, Philadelphia: Jewish Publicatio חס ti סguage dev ח la . ciety, 1993 . 1965), pp . 46-80ס S d the ח Yiddish a ח the Weissler, Chava. "Prayers i חal Literature i ח tio סDev " .חס m ס l ס f, Sס Seder tefilot Yisra'el le-Shabat ule-shalosh Freeh .3 ח i ;ח me ס azic Wח f Ashkeס rld ס us W ס acular," CCAR Yearbook 33 (1923), pp . Religi ח regalim: 'im tirgum Angli badash ve-he'arot = Ver -ed.) Jewish Women in Histori) ח rk:] 375-424 . Judith Baski סSabbath and Festival Prayer Book. [New Y , e State Pressח d, Eric. [1967] The Historica/ and Theo - ca/ Perspective (Detroit: Way ח im be-Amerikah u- Friedla ח esiyat ha-raba ח tsa'at Keס h . hodox 1991) pp . 159-181וeset ha-me'ubadim be-Ameri kaah Jogical Development of the Non-O t ח Vate ha-ke s 'ח me ס d W ח es a ח r 1947; Malhz or Je-shalosh regalim = Fes - Prayerbooks in the United States. (Ph. D. Dis - Weissler, Chava. "Tkhi ס 1946 Fall) 4 .סח l . 40 ס urnal vס Prayer," CCAR J חח iversity, 1967.) A ח deis U ח n, Bra ס gue sertati ס ag ח ited Sy ח tival Prayer Book. New York: U . iversity Microfilms, 1967, c 1968 . 1993), pp . 75-88 ח r: U ס f America , 1927. Arbס fס al Piety חס d, Eric L. [1974] "Olath Tamid by David Weissler, Chava. "The Traditi ח Friedla .( ed) ח Arthur Gree חi "ח me ס azic W ח Hebrew Union Co/lege Annualvol . Ashke ח i ח,"hor ח s Ei ח Jewish hym ח f America חסס r a discussi ס F .4 der, "A His - 45 (1974), pp . 307-332 . Jewish Spirituality from the Sixteenth-Century ח gue music, see A. W. Biס agח d sy ח a , ssroad סce Revival to the Present (New York: Cr ח rship si ס d, Eric L. [1991] "Jewish Wח d his "A Friedla ח dy" a סח Jewish Hym ח f Americaס ry ס t . The Making 1987), pp . 245-275 ח i ",חס izati חסח f its Caס dס America" the Peri ח gue Music iס ag חSy חס Perspective - of Jewish and Christian Worship, Paul F. Brad - Wertheimer, Jack, ed. The American Syna ח jie-Elleח al, see Beח the Reform Hym ח O .(1971 ) tre gogue: A Sanctuary Transformed. Cambridgeס eds., (N ,ח ffmaס ce A. Hח d Lawreח f Musical shaw aס dexח l ח al as a ח Schiller, "The Hym , iversity Press ח rk: Cambridge U סg.]; New Y ח tre Dame Press , 1991 ,) [ Eס f Nס iversity ח gues " ( 1992.) Dame: Uס agח rm Sy ס Ref ח ge i ח Cha pp . 137-155. 1987. k for the ססbert. "A Jewish Prayer B ס rdis, R ס ck , . G סthe bazanut craze see Jeffrey S. Gur ח O .5 his Understanding Conserva - Bibliographies/Catalogs ח Age," i חderס Jack Wertheimer M ח gue," i ס agח x Syס dס The Orth" ,ical Assembly ח rk: Rabbi סed.), The American Synagogue: A Sanctuary tive Judaism (New Y) : uis ס ard, Ephraim. Kohelet Amerika. St. L ח ck's essay 1978), pp . 132-154. Dei סTransformed (1987, pp. 37-84). Gur 1926.1 ס., g C ח tiח ester Pri ח i ס t Mח i סm the P סrm Judaism fr סg lsrael Hirsch, Emil G. "Ref ח u סf the Y.ס s חס cludes discussi ח i ס als - iversity Library. Judaica Dept. Cata ח The Jewish Ency- Harvard U ח rm Jew," i ס f of View of a Refס tח pmeס d the develח xy aס dס Orth ח t iח vemeס m : t ed ,)]. logue of Hebrew Books. Cambridge, Mass ח America . clopedia ([New York]: Ktav, 1964 [repri ח gue iס ag ח x syס dס the Orth t ח iversity Library, 1968 (Suppleme חv. 10, pp . 347-352 . Harvard U (. f 1972ס guage ח ce A. [1977]. "The Laח Lawre ,ח ffmaס t Jew quickly perceived that reli - Hח The immigra" .6 Reli -f ס stituteח College--Jewish l חס i ח rm Liturgy," CCAR Hebrew U ס Ref ח America ח s were highly Survival i חס stituti ח us i ס d religi ח a חס gi ,Dictionary Catalog of the Klau Library .ח Summer 1977), pp . gio) 2 .סח ciated Journal vol . 42ס d that those ass ח America, a ח esteemed i .G. K. Hall , 1964 :ח sto סd 87-106 . Cincinnati. Bסס s were respected as 'g חס stituti חwith these i t III: Judaica ח Suppleme " .ח off, Natha ח Jewish Kaga ח ce A. [1987] "America ח Lawre ,ח ffmaס us diversity was viewed H ס d that religi ח s,' aח citize Charles ח ted Before 1851," iח a Priח his Beyond the Text: A Holistic America ח cracy ... -rhe diversity that Liturgies," iס f demס date חas a ma ,ed., Studies in Jewish Bibliography ,ח a Berli ח dia ח l :חסgt ח mi סס e Approach to Liturgy (Bl ח the religious sce ס ught t סgue brס agח the sy iversity Press, c1987), pp . 60-74 . History and Literature in Honor of /. Edward ח d U ח build a ס ce, tח cracy. Heס dem ס was a service t .A. Z. "The Liturgy of Reform, Judaism ", Kiev(NewYork: Ktav, 1971), pp . 177-209 ,ח h ס the ldels ס se tחס gue was a resp ס agח a sy ח taiח mai E. An American Bibliography: A List ח e, Alle ח his Jewish Liturgy and its Development. Levi ח the Jewish call to duty. i ס as well as t ח America c1932), pp . 268-300 . of Books and Pamphlets by Jews or Relating ,ח ckeס rk: Sch סrti - ( New Y ס terests fח i ח d America ח ever Jewish aח Whe A. The Americanization of the Syna - to Them, Printed in the United States from ח ded with Jick, Leoחס Jews resp ח ther, Americaס fied each ver, NH: Published 1851-1875, Which Are in the Possession ofסחח Abraham J. Karp , gogue, 1820-1870. Ha ח thusiasm" iח mplete e ס c iversity Press the Hebrew Union College-Jewish lnstitute of ח iversity by the U ח deis Uח r Bra ס Jack f ח America," i ח gue i סOverview: The Synag" ח ati: America חח ci ח n in Cincinnati. Ci סd , 1976. Religi ח gla ח f New Eס Wertheimer (ed.), The American Synagogue: A f the Hebrewס the Campus חס D . Jewish Archives ח atha חס a, J ח dra Schecket; Sar ח rros, Alexa ס Sanctuary Transformed (1987, p . 6 .) K .llege , 1959 ס C חסi ח American Synagogue History: A Bibliography U - rk : Marcus, Jacob R. Jewish Americana: A Cata סAmeri - and State-of-the-Field Survey. New Y חס Selected Secondary Sources -er, c1988 . Jogue of Books and A rticles by Jews or Relat ח can Jewish Liturgy through 1925 Markus Wie ,1850 ס Meyer, Michael A. Response to Modernity: A His - ing to Them, from the Earliest Days t f tory of the Reform Movement in Judaism. New and Found in the Possession of the Hebrewס es: A Brief Survey ח l iך Berger, Shulamith Z. ''Te iversity Press , 1988. Union College-Jewish lnstitute of Religion in ח rd U סrk: Oxf סd Yח a ח ssma סGr ח Susa חs Prayer," i 'חme ס W Rivka Haut (eds.) Daughters of the King Millgram, Abraham E. Jewish Worship. Philadel - Cincinnati, a Supplement to A. S. W. Rosen - " .ciety, 1971 . bach, "An American Jewish Bibliographyס S חס ciety, phia: Jewish Publicatiס S חס Philadelphia: Jewish Publicati ) the חס Jewish Archives ח ati: Americaחח ciח pp . 73-78 . Nadell, Pamela S. Conservative Judaism in Amer- Ci ,(1992 . llege , 1954 ס C חס i ח f the Hebrew Uס Jewish ica: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook. Campus ח f Americaס ry סder, A. W. "A Hlstח Bi d Press , 1988 . National Union Catalog, Pre-1956 lmprints: Aסס w ח rk: Gree סe Heskes, ed., Studies in New Y ח lre ח dy," iסח Hym b J. Understanding Jewish Cumulative Author List Representing Library of סwski, Jakס Jewish Music: Collected Writings of A. W. Petuch edוrk: Ktav, 1972 . Congress Printed Cards and Titles Repo t סch, c1971), pp . Prayer. New Yס rk: Bl סBinder (New Y d ח rm Prayer by Other American Libraries. Compiled a ס David [1919]. "The Ref ,חס Philips . 255-269 urces ס of the Res ח k," Journal of Jewish Lore and Philosophy Edited with the Cooperatio סס agogue B ח Sy חס der, A. W. "A Perspective ח Bi ח America ,חס ical Services Divisi ח d Tech ח l. 1 (1919), pp . 69-82 , 211-223 . a ס e Heskes, ed., Stud- v ח lre ח America," i ח Music i , sell ח Ma :חס d חס L .חס ciatiס David [1967]. The Reform Movement Library Ass ,חס ies in Jewish Music: Collected Writings of A . Philips . d revised ed . 1968-1981ח ew aח fס ch, c 1971), pp . in Judaism. Reissueס rk: Bl סW. Binder. (New Y - ce Dept. Dictioח rk Public Library. Refere סf. New New Yס B. Freeh חס m סl ס by S חס ducti סtrח l . 270-281 :חסst סrk: Ktav, 1967. nary Catalog of the Jewish Collection. B סY חסi ח gy of the U סl ס Samuel S. ''The The ,חס h ס C . dex G. K. Hall , 1960ח l ח al as aח The Hym'' .ח jie-Elleח seph Blau, ed., Reform Schiller, Beס J ח k," i סס Prayer B -bach, A. S. W. An American Jewish Bibli ח seס R ח gues," iס ag חrm Sy ס Ref ח ge i ח f Musical Chaס Judaism: A Historical Perspective: Essays ography: Being a List of Books and Pamphlets ,חס et R. Waltח d Ja ח a ח ffmaס ce A. 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ter 2000 ח g 1999-Wi ח Spri 1-2 .ס l. 10 N סship V ח Judaica Libraria 56 Association of Jewish Libraries, 30th Annual Convention, Chicago י
Singerman, Robert. Judaica Americana: A Bib/i- Hebrew Bibliographic Data Ms. Wachs is the compiler of t
Judaica Librarianship Vol. 10 No. 1-2 Spring 1999-Winter 2000 57