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Country Profile Tanzania Entry Points for Formulating a National Adaptation Plan for Tanzania 2 Lead Researchers: Dennis Mombauer and Vositha Wijenayake A product developed by Southern Voices on Adaptation in partnership with FORUMCC as the national implementing partner and SLYCAN Trust as the technical partner. The product has been developed as part of the activities of CARE Denmark’s CLAR programme with the financial support of the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) and the Austrian Development Agency (ADA). Entry Points for Formulating a National Adaptation Plan for Tanzania 3 i. Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 3 ii. Table of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 4 iii. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 8 2. Climate Change Context for Tanzania ........................................................................................... 10 2.1 Key Economic Sectors ........................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Agriculture and Livestock .............................................................................................. 12 2.1.2 Energy and Manufacturing............................................................................................ 12 2.1.3 Natural Resources and Tourism .................................................................................... 13 2.2 Key Development Priorities .................................................................................................. 14 3. Climate Change Adaptation in Tanzania ....................................................................................... 17 3.1 Institutional Framework........................................................................................................ 17 3.2 Key Policies, Plans, and Strategies ........................................................................................ 18 3.3 Adaptation Sectors ................................................................................................................ 21 3.4 Climate Finance ..................................................................................................................... 23 3.5 Data Availability and Accessibility ......................................................................................... 24 3.6 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting ................................................................................ 25 3.7 Gender and Climate Change ................................................................................................. 26 4. Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 29 5. Findings and Discussion ................................................................................................................ 31 5.1 Development Status of NAP and NDC Review ...................................................................... 31 5.2 Key Adaptation Needs and Priorities .................................................................................... 31 5.3 NAP Entry Points ................................................................................................................... 33 6. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 43 7. Table of References ...................................................................................................................... 44 Annexure ............................................................................................................................................... 51 Entry Points for Formulating a National Adaptation Plan for Tanzania 4 ADP Annual Development Plan IPM Integrated Pest Management AEZ Agro-Ecological Zone JPA Joint Principles for Adaptation AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and other LDCs Least Developed Countries Land Uses LEDS Low Emission Development AR5 IPCC Fifth Assessment Report Strategies BAU Business as Usual LGA Local Government Authority CBD Convention on Biological LTPP Long Term Perspective Plan Diversity 2011/2012-2025/2026 CDM Clean Development Mechanism MDB Multilateral Development Bank CIAT International Center for Tropical M&E Monitoring and Evaluation Agriculture MIE Multilateral Implementing Costech Tanzania Commission for Entity Science and Technology MKUKUTA II National Strategy for Growth CSO Civil Society Organization and Reduction of Poverty DNA Designated National Authority 2010/2011-2015/2016 DT District Technician MKUZA III Zanzibar Strategy for Growth EAC East African Community and Reduction of Poverty EIA Environmental Impact (ZSGRP) III, 2016-2020 Assessment MRV Monitoring, Reporting, and EMS Emerging Small Towns Verification FDI Foreign Direct Investment NAFORMA National Forest Resources FYDP I First Five Year Development Monitoring and Assessment Plan 2011/12-2015/16 2009-2014 FYDP II Second Five Year Development NAP National Adaptation Plan Plan 2016/17–2020/21 NAPA National Adaptation FYDP III Third Five Year Development Programme of Action Plan 2021/22-2025/26 NBS National Bureau of Statistics GAP Gender Action Plan NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy GDP Gross Domestic Product and Action Plan, 2015-2020 GCF Green Climate Fund NCCCS National Climate Change GEF Global Environmental Facility Communication Strategy GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms NCCFP National Climate Change Focal HDI Human Development Index Point HNAP Health – National Adaptation NCCS National Climate Change Plans for Climate Change in Strategy Tanzania 2018-2023 NCCSC National Climate Change IAS Invasive Alien Species Steering Committee ICT Information and NCCTC National Climate Change Communication Technology Technical Committee INC Initial National Communication NDA National Designated Authority INDCs Intended Nationally Determined NDCs Nationally Determined Contributions Contributions Entry Points for Formulating a National Adaptation Plan for Tanzania 5 NEAP National Environmental Action STI Science, Technology, and Plan Innovation NEAC National Environmental SUA Sokoine University of Advisory Committee Agriculture NEMC National Environmental TDV2025 Tanzania Development Vision Management Council 2025 NEP National Environmental Policy TIC Tanzania Investment Centre NESR National Environment Statistics TIRDO Tanzania Industrial Research Report and Development Organization NFP National Forestry Policy TMA Tanzania Meteorological NGO Non-Governmental Agency Organization TWG-GS Technical Working Group on NIE National Implementing Agency Gender Statistics NTWG National Technical Working UGEAP Universal Green Energy Access Group for Environment Programme Statistics UNCCD United Nations Convention to OCGS Office of the Chief Government Combat Desertification Statistician in Zanzibar UNDP United Nations Development PMO Prime Minister's Office Programme POPC President’s Office Planning UNEP United Nations Environment Commission Programme PO-RALG President’s Office – Regional UNFCCC United Nations Framework Administration and Local Conventions for Climate Change Government VPO-DoE Vice President’s Office – SADC Southern African Development Division of Environment Community WMA Wildlife Management Area SDGs Sustainable Development Goals WUR Wageningen University SES Sector Environment Section Research SNC Second National Communication to the UNFCCC Entry Points for Formulating a National Adaptation Plan for Tanzania 6 Tanzania is vulnerable to the adverse impacts to be addressed first and most when it comes of climate change, especially floods, droughts, to adaptation. epidemics, and agricultural pests and diseases. These impacts are projected to Through national development visions and intensify over the next decades and seriously the United Nations Sustainable Development threaten the country’s food security, Goals, Tanzania aims to turn itself into a infrastructure, economy, ecosystems, and middle-income country. Tanzania’s communities. development priorities are food security, industrialization, economic growth, improved Tanzania’s institutional framework for health services, infrastructure, and a “learning climate change is centered around the society.” Division of Environment under the Vice President’s Office and consists of advisory A National Adaptation Plan provides human- bodies such as the National Environment driven adjustments in ecological, social, or Management Council and the National Climate economic systems or policy processes in Change Steering and Technical Committees. response to actual or expected climate The Division of Environment guides both stimuli.1 The NAP process is envisaged to be sectoral and regional authorities, but local continuous, progressive, and iterative, and to implementation is primarily facilitated by the follow a country-driven, gender-sensitive, Regional Administration and Local participatory, and fully transparent approach. Government Ministry under the President’s It is based on nationally identified priorities, Office. Among the key institutional gaps and national
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