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OPTIONS to REDUCE IUU FISHING in KENYA, TANZANIA, UGANDA and ZANZIBAR August 2012

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OPTIONS to REDUCE IUU FISHING in KENYA, TANZANIA, UGANDA and ZANZIBAR August 2012 REPORT/RAPPORT : SF/2012/21 OPTIONS TO REDUCE IUU FISHING IN KENYA, TANZANIA, UGANDA AND ZANZIBAR August 2012 Funded by European Union Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Stategy For The Eastern-Southern Africa And Indian Ocean Region 10th European Development Fund Agreement No: RSO/FED/2009/021-330 “This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and can in no way be taken to the views of the European Union.” Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Strategy For The Eastern-Southern Africa and India Ocean Region Programme pour la mise en oeuvre d'une stratégie de pêche pour la region Afrique orientale-australe et Océan indien Options to Reduce IUU Fishing in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zanzibar SF/2011/21 Jim Anderson This report has been prepared with the technical assistance of Le présent rapport a été réalisé par l'assistance technique de Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Stategy For The Eastern-Southern Africa And Indian Ocean Region August 2011 10th European Development Fund Agreement No: RSO/FED/2009/021-330 Funded by “This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The European contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and can in no way Union be taken to the views of the European Union.” Table des Matières Layman’s Summary 9 Executive Summary 9 Context 14 1.0 Methodology 17 2.0 Performance in relation to ToR 18 3.0 Discussion 19 3.1. The current strategies employed by the target countries for the generation of information to support fisheries management 19 3.2. The current RFMO Reporting Requirements and associated challenges 56 4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 58 4.1. Tuna Fisheries 58 4.2. Industrial Prawn Fisheries 60 4.3. Lake Victoria Fisheries 62 4.4. Coastal Artisanal Fisheries 65 Annex 1 - ToR 71 Annex 2 - Schedule and People Met 78 Annex 3 - Aide Memoire 79 Annex 4 - Examples of Fisheries Data Collection Forms 80 ASCLME Agulhas and Somali Current Large-Marine Ecosystems Programme BMU Beach management unit CORDIO Costal & Ocean Research and Development - Indian Ocean EC European Commission ESA-IO East & Southern Africa - Indian Ocean EU European Union GIS Geographical Information System ICEIDA Iceland International Development Agency ICZMC Integrated Coastal Zone Management Committee IMS Institute for Marine Sciences (Zanzibar) IOC Indian Ocean Commission IOTC Indian Ocean Tuna Commission IUCN World Conservation Union IUU Illegal, Unregulated & Unreported fishing KCDP Kenya Coast Development Programme KMA Kenya Maritime Authority KMFD Kenya Ministry of Fisheries Development KMFRI Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute KMKM Kikosi Maalum cha Kuzia Magendo (Zanzibar Naval Force) KWS Kenya Wildlife Service MACEMP Marine and Coastal Environment Management Programme (Tanzania) MPA Marine Protected Area MCS Monitoring, Control and Surveillance MSC Marine Stewardship Council NaFIRRI National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda) NEMA National Environment Management Authority (Kenya) NEMC National Environment Management Council (Tanzania) NFP National Focal Point (IRFS) PFMP Prawn Fisheries Management Plan (Kenya) QAFMP Quality Assurance for Fish Marketing Project (ICEIDA) ReCoMaP Regional Programme for the Sustainable Management of the Coastal Zones of the Indian Ocean Countries RWG Regional Working Group (e.g. Lake Victoria) RFMO Regional Fisheries Management Organisation SWIOFP South-West Indian Ocean Fisheries Project SWIO South Western Indian Ocean TAFIRI Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute TDFMN Tanzania Dynamite Fishing Monitoring Network TNA Training Needs Assessment UDSM University of Dar es Salaam UDFR Uganda’s Department of Fisheries Resources VMS Vessel Monitoring System WIO Western Indian Ocean WIOMSA Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association WCS Wildlife conservation Society WWF Worldwide Fund for Nature LAYMAN’S SUMMARY In most fisheries around the world there is far from a 100% knowledge of how much fish are being caught and the fisheries of Lake Victoria and the Swahili Coast of East Africa are no exception to this. There are three main causes of this knowledge gap; Illegal fishing, unreported fishing that takes place without any data being collected about the activity and fishing that takes place without any sort of control, gear-restriction, seasonal closure or catch-limit. These three issues are collectively known as IUU fishing. IUU fishing is not a trivial issue for governments, fishery managers or fisher communities . There are substantial fisheries in East Africa that generate tens of millions of dollars in revenues. In Tanzania alone, the Lake Victoria fisheries are worth an estimated US$400Million, while in Uganda they contribute at least 6% (with some estimates of 30%) of GDP. Thousands of lacustrine and coastal communities are to varying extents reliant on the continued provision of income from fisheries, employment (direct and indirect from associated businesses and trades) and on the nutritional value of fish. These communities, as a whole, cannot afford the continued degradation of fisheries resources caused by IUU fishing. This Report, developed with wide stakeholder consultation, reviews the current situation regarding the systems in place to monitor illegal fishing; the systems in place to collect data on legal but currently unreported fishing activities and the need for improving the regulations (and management) of fisheries. The report concludes with some recommendataions on how IUU fishing could be reduced. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Report is in support of the EU/COI SMARTFiSH Programme’s Result Area 2, which is to improve the Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) of fisheries in the western Indian Ocean and the Great Lakes. The overall objective of this report is to contribute to the reduction of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing in the target countries of Kenya, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania (URT), but with a particular emphasis on unreported and unregulated fishing. Four main fisheries are covered; the EEZ Tuna fisheries, the fisheries of Lake Victoria, the near-shore Industrial Prawn fishery and Coastal Artisanal fisheries. There is a particular focus on the small-scale fisheries operating along the coast and on Lake Victoria. The Report describes the current scope of data provision, management and use in these fisheries, and the fisheries management challenges faced by the three target countries, and it concludes with a number of recommendations for SMARTFiSH programmes intervention The report was prepared largely on the basis of interviews conducted in-country with officers from the respective fisheries departments and on the contents of literature provided by them. In addition, representatives of national research organisations, the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation and NGOs working on the coast were also able to communicate their perspective and current contributions to fisheries management and the reduction of IUU fishing. The management of EEZ tuna fisheries is the responsibility of the Deep-sea Fishing Authority (DSFA) in the URT. Although fisheries are generally not a Union issue, the recently operational DSFA represents both mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar’s interests in EEZ fisheries management. In Kenya responsibility lies with the Ministry of Fisheries Development (KMFD), which is headquartered in Nairobi but has an important office in Mombasa. At a regional level, stock assessment work is undertaken by the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC), of which both Kenya and URT are members. The provision of accurate and timely fisheries data to the IOTC is a sine qua non for the future sustainability of the tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean and although data are also passed directly to the IOTC by fishing companies, it is important that member states have independent data sets to evaluate the performance of the fishery in their respective EEZs. This will become particularly relevant if national quotas become the favoured management approach in the region. Access to the EEZ fisheries of both Kenya and URT has been affected by the threat of piracy in recent years and this has also had implications for the collection of data and vessel inspections. However, there are a number of issues that could be usefully resolved during the current hiatus in preparation for the eventual elimination of piracy. In Kenya there are a number of challenges. Firstly, licensing of EEZ vessels is undertaken at KMFD headquarters, whereas the MCS function is performed by officers based in Mombasa. The result of this arrangement is that licences are issued from the HQ before full MCS compliance has necessarily been obtained for a particular vessel or company fleet. The situation is further exacerbated by the fact that there is currently no Fisheries Partnership Agreement (FPA) between Kenya and the European Union (EU), which means that licences are issued individually to a number of independent companies. Furthermore, the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) acquired by Kenya is not the same as that used by distant water fleet nation (DWFN) vessels operating in adjacent WIO countries and this has further constrained reporting by licensed vessels. Notwithstanding the effect of piracy on the EEZ fisheries, there is an immediate need to improve the level of cooperation between Nairobi and Mombasa and between Kenya Fisheries and the DWFN fleet, as well as to review the suitability
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