29336 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A TRIBUTE TO DR. FREDERICK chairman of the New York State PTA tect the water rights and interests of the SHORE, EDUCATOR, ADMINIS­ Committee on School Governance and City of Philadelphia and her citizens and your recent statements on House Blll HR TRATOR Finance, and a member of the State 12536 National Parks Omnibus Bill, which Board of Managers. was documented in the July 10, 1978 Con­ Dr. Shore i~ a member of the New gressional Record of the House on Pa,ee HON. NORMAN F. LENT York State Educational Conference H6344 ... "Mr. Chairman, I would like to OF NEW YORK Board and has served as the New York associate myself with the remarks of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES repres~ntative to the Organization of gentleman in the well, and I would like to Wednesday, September 13, 1978 Federally Impacted School Districts in compliment the gentleman for very ade­ the United States, of Washington, D.C. quately answering several of the points that • Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, on Septem­ Dr. Shore has served as legislation were ma.de, in terms of salinity, fiOOd con­ ber 20, 1978, friends and associates of chairman of the New York State Asso­ trol, and water supply". Dr. Frederick Shore will be paying a well­ "I would like to just share with the gentle­ ciation of School Business Officials, and man a. comment that I discovered wa.s made deserved tribute to the accomplishments as a member of the Special Committee by Carmen F. Guarino, who is the water of this pioneering educator. Dr. Shore is of the New York State Commissioner of commissioner for the city of Philadelphia. retiring from the position he has held for Education on Federal Aid to Education. Ba.ck in 1973, in July, he ma.de the following the past 9 years as superintendent of the For 2 years he was the chief school ad­ comment:" Baldwin public schools, located in my ministrator on the advisory council for "It ca.n readily be shown that no federally Fourth Congressional District. funded reservoirs are necessary on the Dela­ the New York Council of Administrators ware River to insure adequacy of supply to I wish to offer my heartiest congratu­ of Music Education. lations to Dr. Shore and to commend him, the City of Philadelphia. because the annual Dr. Shore's accomplishments have average natural stream flow of the Dela.ware not only for his outstanding record as an been recognized by the New York State at Trenton, New Jersey, with no reservoirs, educator and administrator, and as an Association of School Business Officials Federal or otherwise ..." expert on the financing of education in which presented him with its Meritorious "And I think that this kind of comment New York State, but also for the devo­ Service Award for 1969, and by the Nas­ from the water commissioner of the city of tion and patient understanding he has sau Music Educators' Association which Philadelphia demonstrates it is not a ques­ given to educating the children for whom named him "Administrator of the Year" tion of water supply, it is not a. question of he has been responsible. His contribu­ flood oontrol, it is not even a. question of in 1974. fiat water recreation. It ls a. question of how tions to the Baldwin community, to our Such have been the landmarks in the best to utmze the water, the land, the area." State, and, indeed, to our Nation, deserve outstanding career of Dr. Frederick I would have appreciated if you had con­ the highest accolades. Shore. Little wonder that his friends and ferred with me a.bout my comment, and in During his 13-year career in the Bald­ associates have joined to pay him trib­ particular learned a.bout my interpretation win public schools, Dr. Shore has worked ute on September 20. I most certainly of what I meant by this comment. To begin, tirelessly for better education and im­ want to join them in acclaiming Dr. this comment was contained in the record proved educational opportunities. He has at the public hearing of the Delaware River Shore's accomplishment-filled career. Basin Commission conducted February 28, been in the forefront of those who have With those friends and associates, I also 1973 (not July) on "Proposed Regulations sought to bring the handicapped child want to join in the wish that Dr. Shore's Relating to Water Supply Charges". At this into the mainstream of the community. retirement years will be blessed with good hearing, I had testified that the City of Phil­ Guided by his conviction that handi­ health; the enjoyment of the richness adelphia. has legally binding contracts with capped children should be taught at the of friendships; the warmth of mem­ the Commonwealth of Penna. for the with­ level of their abilities and performance, ories; the deep satisfaction of knowing drawal of 423 MGD from the Delaware River rather than according to some arbitrary issued under permit dated December 14, 1955 his has teen an outstanding career; and by the Water a.nd Power Resources Board of medical classification, Dr. Shore pio­ the stimulation of new challenges which the Department of Forests and Waters. I neered an excellent special education may he in the future.• further pointed out that this permit was program for the handicapped in the issued prior to the Delaware River Basin Baldwin schools. Compact a.nd that the City in good fa.1th Another example of Dr. Shore's in­ expended considerable resources in accord­ novative leadership is demonstrated in TOCKS ISLAND DAM PROJECT ance with the conditions of this permit and his determined effort to develop and im­ ha.cl satisfied all conditions of such permit, to wit, the permit remains in force today. plement a school district policy on child The intent of the statement was that our abuse. Baldwin became the first school HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR OF PENNSYLVANIA allocation of 423 MGD on the Delaware River district in New York State to adopt such was always available at the head of tide at a policy, and it has been used as a model IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Trenton, N.J., even during conditions of ex­ elsewhere in our Nation. Wednesday, September 13, 1978 treme drought a.s ha.cl been experienced 1n Dr. Shore has done much to encourage the 1960's and without the systems of dams the arts and sciences in the Baldwin • Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, I recently that had been constructed on the Delaware received a letter from Carmen F. Guar­ by New York City and others. The minimum schools. He was responsible for initiating ino, water commissioner for the city of low flow month at Trenton has been cal­ the fine and performing arts program in Philadelphia, expressing his concern over culated by the USGS to be 720 MGD (9/65) · Baldwin, and was instrumental in So you see as fa.r as water charges were con­ strengthening the science program, with remarks I made on the House ftoor on cerned, the City of Philadelphia could avau a resulting increase in the number of July 10 regarding his position on the itself of its total allocation without a.ny sys­ Baldwin students winning signifcant Tocks Island Dam project. In fairness to tems of dams. achievements in science competitions. Commissioner Guarino, I am inserting The hearing was not on the need for Tocks below the text of his letter, as well as the Island Reservoir and the pros and cons sur­ Throughout his career in education, complete testimony he presented earlier rounding this matter. It was simply a hear­ Dr. Shore has worked closely with local this year at a public hearing in Port ing on water supply charges. My hearing community groups, particularly the Jervis, N.Y., on the question of granting statement did not reflect the need for a Baldwin Parent Teachers Association reservoir and low flow augmentation for pro­ units and the Baldwin Educational the middle section of the Delaware River tection of water quality because the hearing Assembly toward the common goal of wilderness status. subject related to the pricing of water to better education for the children of the The letter follows: meet quantity needs. Therefore, my state­ community. WATER DEPARTMENT, ment should in no way be interpreted to Philadelphia. Pa., August 11, 1978. mean that I see no need for a reservoir and Dr. Shore's abilities as an educator and Congressman ROBERT EDGAR, fiow regulation for the protection of water administrator ha.ve been applied to a Washington, D.C. quality. broad range of professional activities. He DEAR CONGRESSMAN EDGAR: I regret that However, my statement taken out of con­ is a life member of the New York State need to write a letter of this type. However, text could be misconstrued by those persons Congress of PTA's, and is currently considering my appointed obligation to pro- igno'rant of my position on Tocks Island,

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the fl oor wt·11 b e 1"d ent1"fi e d by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., • September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29337 that I believe there is no need for Tocks Is­ needed for this purpose, to protect the health Those that have made a study of the water land. I would have been pleased if you had of the citizens of Philadelphia and those resources of the Delaware River and the the time to follow up your information other people that we supply. I am sure that service area know that we are critically short source and obtain the truth from me. There you are aware that the Chester Water Au­ of water during times of drought. Today this is ample documentation and testimony be­ thority is now finding that it ls short ln shortage of water is being emphasized in fore Congress and the Delaware River Basin supply for its service area and future de­ the reports emanating from the Common­ Commission that the City of Philadelphia mands to be placed on it. This Authority wealth of Pennsylvania in the form of its has been for Tocks Island for a long perloc:l has about reached its limit to import water Draft Report on State Water Supply and the of time since its inception and adoption by from other basins. Draft 208 Water Quantity Reports being pro­ Congress in 1962. In view of this situation, the Philadelphia duced by the Delaware Valley Regional Your inadvertent misconstruing of my Water Department had been approached by Planning Commission. The situation for statement does harm to the water rights of the now deceased Mr. Victor A. Appleyard, Di­ water during drought periods has not Pennsylvania, including Delaware Coun'ty rector of the Chester Water Authority, as changed, but has, in effect, been aggravated. and the City of Philadelphia, as well as to the possib111ty of the City of Philadelphia The reports show on the Pennsylvania side Southwestern New Jersey. to supply his service area with water from of the Basin, the ground water supplies are our plants. This is still a viable possibility over-pumped to the extent that they are I am forwarding herewith my statement not replenished during an average precipita­ which very definitely shows my posture since which the Water Department is w1lling to my appointment as Water Commissioner dur­ enter into for the benefit of Chester and tion year. ing January, 1972. The City of Philadelphia's Delaware County. But again, the protection During the Q7-10 drought which occurs position on Tocks Island has been upheld of this supply is based upon Tocks Island in the frequency of 7 to 10 years, considerably continuously by my predecessor, Water Com­ or its equivalent. larger areas are over-pumped. The prognosis missioner Samuel S. Baxter, since 1962. I I am surprised that those providing you ls that 99 out of 109 water suppliers wm be would like to point out for your consideration with my comment during the hearing on short water from local supplies such as wells that in contemplation of Tocks Island Reser­ Water Charges did not also provide you with and streams by the year 2000. voir, the City of Philadelphia made the fol­ the voluminous testimony and other state­ The situation on the New Jersey side of lowing actions and expenditures. ments that I had made regarding the need the Basin shows that Burlington, Gloucester (1) In contemplation of this reservoir, we for Tocks Island. In closing, I am forwarding and Camden Counties are ln a precarious abandoned our plan for upstream impound­ herewith the latest testimony that I have position. The Magothy-Raritan Aquifer from men t and diversion of main stream waters to presented on Tocks Island, which ls the which they draw their supplies has been metropolitan Philadelphia. In doing so, the testimony of Carmen F. Guarino at the pub­ drawn down ln some places 80 to 100 feet Water Department spent some 41 million lic hearing conducted on July 13, 1978 at below sea level. The 208 Water Quantity Re­ dollars in rebuilding and upgrading its Tor­ Port Jervis, New York by the Delaware River ports bluntly state that this Aquifer may be resdale Water Treatment Plant which intakes Basin Commission. depleted ln the future. on the Delaware River. I believe with all of this you should be As far as Philadelphia is concerned, we (2) Since mandated water pollution allo­ assured of what the City of Philadelphia's know that without an impoundment such cations have been promulgated on a legally position is in regards to Tocks Island and we as TIRP or its equivalent, a proposed legis­ minimum assured sustained fiow of 3,000 would not like to have our position mis­ lation such as the scenic river would jeop­ cfs at Trenton which could only be provided represented or misconstrued in any fashion. ardize the water rights of Philadelphia. It by Tocks Island or its equivalent, the City of I know you to be a responsible and honest would further jeopardize protection of our Phlladelphia has committed 621 m1llion dol­ person and therefore respectfully would like water supply and the health of over two mil­ lars to meet these wasteload allocations, so to see that the record be corrected for the lion customers during times of drought. that mandated stream water quality stand­ statements that you made on July 10th in Without such an lmpoundment, the ab111ty ards can be achieved. Our mathematical regards to my comment. of our 621 million dollar wastewater treat­ model studies have indicated absent Tocks In your service, ment fac111ties now under construction Island the achievement of stream water CARMEN F. GUARINO, would be jeopardized in their intent to quality standards to be an impossibility Water Commissioner. achieve mandated streamwater quality without an infiow of 3,000 cfs at Trenton. Consequently, industry and municipal waste­ standards and thus preserve the environ­ water treatment plants throughout the entire TESTIMONY OF CARMEN F. GUARINO-CITY OF ment and ecology of the Delaware River. estuary, including Delaware County, would PHILADELPHIA, PA. I must emphasize one final point-that be liable for additional pollution abatement My name is Carmen F. Guarino e.nd as industry in the Delaware Valley is to the expense. Commissioner and Chief Engineer of the large extent water oriented. Industry pays . (3) Absent Tocks Island, the City was Water Department of the City of Philadel­ o er 40 percent of the water bill of Phil­ forced to purchase laboratory boats equipped phia, I am authorized by the City to make adelphia. Anything which would not guar­ with instruments at a cost of about $160,000 the following statements concerning the antee an assured supply of water vital to and has spent over four million dollars to subject matter of the public hearing which the industry would jeopardize the labor it date for a monitoring program on the Dela­ would include comments on the Upper Dela­ supports and as well, the economy and stand­ ware River. ware River and Middle Delaware River. ard of living of not only Philadelphlans, but (4) I presume that you are aware of water The City ls interested in seeing that part the entire Delaware River Valley.e pollution abatement efforts within Delaware of our national heritage ls preserved in its County. You must therefore know that the pristine form for posterity and this ls as it City of Philadelphia has committed itself to should be. In particular, the City would sup­ the acceptance of sewage from the areas port legislation that would preserve the served by DELCORA. As such the mainte­ Upper Delaware River between Hancock and TERRI BLAKE nance of 3,000 cfs fiow at Trenton should be Port Jervis as a "wild and scenic" river. Two of real interest to you and your constituents. Senate Bills have this as their primary ob­ (5) Absent Tocks Island, the City of Phila­ jective, Bllls S-2653 and S-2611. We would delphia must pay more for its municipal favor Bill S-2611 over S-2653 because we feel HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN energy supply as well as all of the residents that S-2611 more properly addresses this OF NEW JERSEY of Delaware County. One thing the dam subject and has been more critically ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would provide is environmentally clean elec­ amined by the public and other interested tricity without the destructive use of non­ parties. The City would also support Section Wednesday, September 13, 1978 replenishable natural resources. 705 of House Bill HR-12536 National Parks •Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, on July You mention fiat recreation and I would Omnibus Bill. 28 of thir. year, the Congress passed The City is categorically against any legis­ like to give you my viewpoint which is that Public Law 95-325, establishing Septem­ Tocks Island would be the Lake Tahoe of the lation or action which would as a con­ East and with it being under control by the sequence of its adoption foreclose forever ber 10 as National Grandparents Day. Federal Government, we would have water or impede the development of the Tocks We owe a debt of thanks to Mrs. 0. R. based recreation at affordable prices. I think Island Reservoir Project (TIRP) . Therefore, Blalack, whose professional name is that this is particularly important in view we are vehemently against any bill concern­ Terri Blake, for her indefatigable efforts that the seashore resorts are being converted ing the Middle Delaware River which would over a period of many years to achieve primarily to gambling establishments with have as its purpose to convert the stretch legislation. Ms. Blake has crossed the subsequent undesirable elements not con­ into a "wild and scenic" river. In this regard, country several times, using her time and ducive to a healthy family atmosphere. the City is definitely against Senate Bill resources generously to interest legisla­ Since you have been around for some time, S-2270 and Sections 316 and 706 of House tors in her project. A grandmother her­ I believe you should be aware that the water Bill HR-12536 National Parks Omnibus Bill. supplies of both Philadelphia and Camden The Middle Delaware River should be pre­ self, Terri determined that our country can be imperiled by a salt water incursion served for an impoundment which would should take official note of the affection which would occur during a drought simi­ assure water supply to the states of Penn­ and respect which we all owe to our lar to that of the 1960's. Tocks Island is sylvania, New Jersey and New York. grandparents, and that determination 29338 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 will enrich the lives of many of our supports for exports" and that the U.S. has Arapahoe National Recreation Area Act. senior citizens the country over, every a "market-oriented economy" while "much Had I been present, I would have voted of the rest of the world" has "semi-socialized "yea".• September 10. The date was chosen to systems." Americans would think more clear­ coincide with Terri's birthday, thereby ly about unfair trade competition if they serving as a reminder of the thanks we kept those points in mind. CETA, A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE: owe to the founder. One of the best statements on the threat PART TWO Terri has led a most active life, be­ to U.S. industries is a recent speech by Den­ ginning a new career in the movies in nis J. Carney, chairman of the Wheeling­ her 50th year. She has played in a num­ Pi ttsburgh Steel Co., delivered at Steuben­ HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY ber of films and appeared on many tele­ ville, Ohio. OF NEW YORK "In addition to raising the costs of steel IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vision programs. She gives her time production while suppressing prices," he freely to producing shows for senior citi­ said, "our government has been helping to Wednesday, September 13, 1978 zens groups, the USO and veterans' hos­ modernize steel industries abroad." He • Mr. DOWNEY. Mr. Speaker, when the pitals in the Los Angeles area. Ms. Blake pointed out that U.S. loans, aid and financ­ has also been very active in the move­ ing, "through American-supported interna­ CETA reauthorization and reform bill ment to remove mandatory retirement tional financial institutions, have already was initially considered by the House sev­ due to age. At 75, Terri Blake is a vital, contributed $5 billion directly to the expan­ eral weeks ago, I shared with my col­ active, productive citizen, whose contri­ sion of our foreign competition." leagues several reports that I had re­ Mr. Carney cited the recent action of the ceived about the operation of the CETA butions to her community and her coun­ U.S. Export-Import Bank in approving "a program in my home county. try should be set as an example of what loan of $74 million for construction of a steel It was clear from those reports that can be accomplished by one motivated mill in Trinidad and Tobago expressly de­ there is widespread suspicion and unease person. signed to export steel products to the United with the implementation of CETA on the I ask the Members to join me in ac­ States." He noted that the administration local level. Particular concern was ex­ knowledging her contribution and in favors contributions of more than $3 billion next year to several international financial pressed about the "substitution" of CETA saying "Thank you" to Terri Blake.• institutions for additional foreign aid pro­ workers for career public service em­ grams that will increase competition for ployees. American companies and cost American jobs. The 1978 CETA bill addresses this The American people need to understand problem by limiting the duration of all SUBSIDIZED FOREIGN that unfair competition means that unaided public service employment under CETA COMPETITION U.S. companies have to compete against com­ panies that are government-subsidized, to 18 months in any 3 year period. How­ guided or directed. ever, the Secretary of Labor is given the As Mr. Carney put it, "Our steel producers discretion to waive this limitation in cer­ HON. LARRY McDONALD are competing for business in free markets tain instances. The committee report on OF GEORGIA here at home and against entire foreign gov­ the CETA bill describes the waiver mech­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ernments abroad." anism in this way: The West German and Belgian govern­ Wednesday, September 13, 1978 ... the Secretary may waive the 78-week ments recently announced hundreds of mil­ limit for those on board before April l, 1978, • Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, we no lions of dollars in grants for their steel in­ who remain on through September 30, 1979, longer live in a world of either fair or dustries. The Japanese regularly dump steel if the Secretary determines that the prime free trade. Thus, in international trade and other products in this country. At the sponsor is experiencing extreme hardship in same time, Mr. Carney says, "most of these placing PSE enrollees in unsubsidized jobs. negotiations, many people, including our countries have closed their borders to our own negotiators, overlook the fact that The limitation on duration of enrollment own steel in one way or another." is intended to serve three functions: ( 1) to tariffs are no longer the major issue in There's another burden that Americans encourage participants to seek unsubsidized such negotiations. Other nations provide bear-a burden that ts part of the problem. employment and to encourage the prime subsidies and benefits to their exporting "Indirectly", Mr. Carney said in his talk, sponsor to place participants in unsubsid­ "we have contributed, and are continuing industries, while raising nontariff bar­ ized employment; (2) to assure turnover in riers in order to keep U.S. products out to contribute, many billions of dollars public service positions thereby preventing of their markets. This problem has been through such assistance as providing a de­ the prime sponsor from using CETA workers fense umbrella for Western Europe and Ja­ as permanent employees in its work force; compounded by our foreign and post­ pan, enabling them to invest more of their World War II aid to our former ene­ and (3) to assure that the greatest possible money in their industry." number of the eligible population wm be mies-Japan and Germany-as well as Mr Carney's realistic words should be served. The committee does not intend that the ineptness of such governmental heeded in every industry and in Congress and the waiver of the 18 month limitation should bodies as the American International the press. Executive Branch trade negotia­ be broadly applied. The Secretary, in grant­ Trade Commission. On top of this, inter­ tors apparently won't take a tough, nation­ ing waivers, should take into account such alist stand on trade matters, therefore, so­ factors as substantial loss of private sector national aid bodies have built up our cialist and semi-socialized competitor na­ competition with our own tax dollars. It tions have an easy ride at American expense. jobs, severely limited private sector oppor­ would appear that we are cutting off our tunities such as may exist in some rural Under these circumstances, it's imperative areas, or other indices of extreme hardship nose to spite our face. Anthony Harri­ that Congress enact more stringent anti· in placing participants into unsubsidized em­ gan wrote a very fine editorial on this dumping laws, cut off funds to international ployment. issue, which appeared in the United agencies that would create new industrial States Industrial Council Bulletin for competition, and deny special advantages to The report makes it clear that the dis­ foreign competitors that are subsidized or cretion to waive this limitation is to be September 1, 1978. I feel it is worthwhile aided by their governments. reading for my colleagues and indeed all In the future, the United States must learn used sparingly and is to be viewed as a Americans. The editorial follows: to discriminate intelligently between authen­ "last resort" solution. Yet, this waiver SUBSIDIZED FOREIGN COMPETITION tic free trade and trade invasions by com­ clause is of great concern to many who (By Anthony H. Harrigan) panies that are virtual arms of their gov­ have seen CETA provisions implemented As negotiations continue for a new inter­ ernments.e in ways contrary to their original intent. national trade agreement, the United States For example, Robert A. Maletta, chair­ is still far from taking a tough line against man of the CETA Committee of the Suf­ unfair foreign competition. Unfortunately, PERSONAL E~LANATION folk County, N.Y., Chapter of the Civil much of the American business community Service Employees Association, see the is still unaware of the full dimensions of the time limitation as "positive legislation" threat, though business is beginning to wake up. HON. MARTHA KEYS but feels that the discretionary pawer of It is encouraging to note a more realistic OF KANSAS the Secretary could "negate" its effect. approach in Business Week, a journal that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I think he expresses a most legitimate usually talks down any effort at protection of Wednesday, September 13, 1978 concern. It is a concern based on ex­ U.S. industries. perience with other CETA "loopholes" In an editorial Aug. 7, Business Week made • Ms. KEYS. Mr. Speaker, on Tuesday, that have warped program intent at the a. couple of points that bear repetition. name­ September 12, 1978, I was unavoidably local level. ly that "the Europeans and Japanese . . . absent from the House for rollcall No. The flexibility provided by this waiver have used a variety of subsidies and special 756, the Indian Peaks Wilderness and provision will probably be useful .in some September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29339 instances, and it is highly likely that it clare that on a date five years from now Nor­ ruling class-"from a position of moralistic will be retained in the final version of thern Ireland will be given its Independence imperialism to nationalist chauvinism." It and that British forces, finance and adminis­ added: "It shows they have lost the will the bill. We must, however, rigorously tration will depart. to continue with their abortive policy of monitor its use. If its use is not severely murder, torture and repression against the restricted-along the lines explicitly "MIRROR" ASKS FOR BRITISH WITHDRAWAL­ courageous nationalist community." mentioned by the committee-we will SHARP REACTION TO LONDON EDITORIAL The statement went on to say that the have failed to satisfactorily address the BELFAST.-An editorial call in the Daily Provisional IRA rejected and would oppose "substitution" problem. We also will have Mirror for a British withdrawal from Nor­ a "negotiated independent Six Counties." It failed to provide meaningful CETA re­ thern Ireland last week brought forth a del­ was a recipe for disaster, it said. form.• uge of comment from political sources in the Official Unionist leader, Harry West, sug­ North. Almost a score of statements-either gested that the Mirror was reflecting left­ enthusiastically welcoming or vehemently de­ wing British Labor Party opinion, and was DEMANDS FOR BRITISH WITH­ nouncing-were issued. capitulating to terrorism. Party colleague, DRAWAL FROM IRELAND IN- A page two editorial in the Mirror, which Mr. Thomas Passmore, said it was "little short CREASE is Britain's second largest daily newspaper, of treason." called for a Government statement that Nor­ For the Social Democratic and Labor thern Ireland would be given its independ­ Party, party leader Gerry Fitt said the mes­ ence in five years' time with a withdrawal or sage of the editorial was completely anti­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI British troops, finance and administration. integrationist, a plea for consensus govern­ OF NEW YORK It suggested that withdrawal would be a ment and a warning to Unionists that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES courageous act and one that would allow the British Army would not indefinitely bolster up their position. Wednesday, September 13, 1978 Irish people to rule themselves-"to decide whether to learn to live together or con­ The SDLP chairman, Denis Haughey, said • Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, on August tinue to die together. We should leave it up the Irish problem had been created by 300 14 a significant event occurred which to them." years of British colonial policy, and the FREEDOM TO DECIDE Daily Mirror was now recommending that could have great bearing on the future they "should simply wash their hands of the of the Irish question. On that date, the No major British party had any policy for business and walk away." The British Gov­ second largest daily newspaper in Great Northern Ireland, other than to carry on ernment were the only people with the power Britain, the Daily Mirror called for com­ without one. It continued: "The Mirror be­ and resources to "make the recalcitrant lieves that there is a policy-and only one­ Loyalist leadership see sense and face up to plete British withdrawal from Ireland in which can be carried through to success. And 5 years. their responsibilities. When they have done that is for Britain to anounce its unshake­ that, we in the SDLP would not detain them This newspaper which has over 4 mil­ able intention to withdraw altogether from a moment longer". lion readers based its position on its fear Northern Ireland. To give the people of the John Cushnahan, of the Alliance Party, that democracy has stopped in Northern Province the freedom to decide what their described the editorial as irresponsible. Mrs. Ireland under the direct rule of Great future is to be. Anne Dickson, of the UPNI, said further "Both Labor and Conservative Govern­ encouragement had been given to the Provi­ Britain. As the editorial states "It is not ments-under Wilson, Heath and Cal­ only people who are dying in Northern sional IRA and its propaganda machine. laghan-tried honestly and honorably to The Rev. Ian Paisley's DUP said the edi­ Ireland. Democracy is nearly dead too." solve the Ulster problem. They found it Im­ torial was significant in that the Mirror As chairman of the 114 Member Ad possible, as every British Government has often said what British Labor politicians Hoc Congressional Committee for Irish done for the past 300 years." were thinking privately. It said the people Affairs, I firmly endorse this position. The editorial added: "It is not only people or Northern Ireland had already made their who are dying in Northern Ireland. Democ­ choice about their future-they wanted The fact is I have sponsored legislation racy is nearly dead too. The Province of Ul­ in this and previous Congresses advocat­ majority rule in Northern Ireland within the ster has less to say in its own affairs than any United Kingdom. ing a British withdrawal from Ireland English parish council has over its village. The st& temen t was further welcomed by without specifying a time period. I con­ The gunmen rule now, not the politicians." Mr. Glenn Barr, formerly of Vanguard and sider this to be a basic prerequisite to The paper's comments took Northern poli­ an advocate of independence, the Irish Re­ any meaningful progress toward peace. ticians very much by surprise. Its interest was publican Socialist Party, Seamus Mallon apparently sparked off by the fact that yes­ of the SDLP and Belfast Provisional Sinn At the same time that this dramatic terday was the 9th anniversary of the use or position was being taken by the Daily Fein. It was further attacked by Jean British soldiers to deal with civil unrest here. Coulter. Mirror, Great Britain announced that it Talk of British withdrawal was quite com­ was increasing its troop strength in the mon during Merlyn Rees' term of office as ENGLAND: GET OUT! North to 1,400. This contradicts not only Secretary of State, but one of the central fea­ Why did Britain's "Daily Mirror" (circula­ the sentiments of the Daily Mirror but tures of the early speeches of his successor, tion: 4,000,000 readers) on August 14, write: Roy Mason, was a series of categorical assur­ also of a rapidly growing segment of the ances that there was no question of such "Ulster: Bring home the troops"? Why has British population which want Britain moves. this paper written: "The time has come for a new start. One that would allow the Irish to remove itself from Northern Ireland. Mr. Mason's line has been widely accepted I hope the position taken by the Daily by the various political-and paramilitary­ people to rule themselves"? factions, so much so that in recent months The "Daily Mirror" did not explain. But Mirror will serve as a catalyst for posi­ the reason is both economic and poll ti cal. tive actions by Great Britain to with­ he has no longer felt the need to repeat it. He and his advisers will be annoyed, there­ The paper's constant concern is to remain draw from the North. Obviously an im­ fore, at the resurrection of the idea by the popular, to continue to sell to 4,000,000 read­ mediate pull out of troops would present Mirror. ers and, if possible, to sell to 5,000,000. more hazards than benefits but a decla­ This is especially so because of suspicions The easiest way of continuing and even in­ ration of intent to withdraw should be among the many conspiracy theorists here creased popularity is to go along with public taken as soon as possible. It will be viewed that the Mirror's call for withdrawal might opinion. And public opinion is demanding have been inspired by some sections of the that the British government withdraw its as a positive development and will great­ British Labor Party left wing. troops from Ireland. ly improve the climate for peace. The Daily Mirror's editor, Mike Molloy, This is now an important economic (as far For the benefit of my colleagues I in­ said on BBC Radio Ulster that he did not as the press is concerned) and political is­ think he was reflecting opinion of the left­ sue, with the Gallup Poll's latest figure in sert a number of press clips related to England making it bluntly clear that 53 per the Daily Mirror editorial: wing of the Labor Party. He had not been under political pressure of any kind, and cent of those polled want Britain to end its [From the Christian Science Monitor, Irish adventure. Aug. 17, 1978] had had no discussions or consultations about the editorial. He had not spoken to Experts in the field reckon that, by this GET BRITAIN OUT OF ULSTER an Irish politician for about two years, he year's end, more than 60 per cent 01 the peo­ No major party in Britain has any pollcy said. ple of England, Scotland and Wales will be demanding an end to the English connection. !or Northern Ireland other than to carry on Asked about the Unionist belief that they without one. This paper believes there is a were British subjects he said: "If some­ POLITICAL STAND policy-and only one-which can be carried body's lived for 400 years in Ireland, they're The longer the British imperial election is through to success. And that ls for Britain Irish. They may wish to claim that they're delayed the stronger, the louder, the British to annount:e its unshakable intention to British citizens and they may have a good demand for a withdrawal of troops from withdraw altogether from Northern Ireland; claim for that. I don't wish to go into that." Ireland. to give the people of the province the free­ The Irish Republican Publicity Bureau The 53 per cent figure makes lt possible and dom to decide what their future ls to be ... claimed the editorial represented a major realistic for candidates to stand for election The next British Government should de- shift in policy for a section of the British to Westminster on the ticket of doing their 29340 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 utmost to end British interference in Ireland, the Copley News Service, appeared in "An American :fiag :fiown over the U.S. be they members of existing parties or the Hobbies section of the Boston Her­ Capitol on May 10, 1978, in honor of Li­ independents. beria was presented to the Minister of How long can the three main political par­ ald American on Sunday, August 27, ties in Britain continue to ignore the results 1978. It raises some interesting points State for Presidential Affairs and chair­ of the Gallup poll on the basis of politics regarding the proposed dollar coin, and man of the cabinet, E. Reginald Town­ alone? It is clear now, that if one of the I am pleased to take this opportunity to send. The presentation was made at the major British political parties comes out in share it with my colleagues: executive mansion during a cabinet favour of an end to British interference in NEW DOLLAR STIRS Row meeting by Roy L. Lovvorn, who led a Ireland a considerable number of extra votes (By Gary L. Palmer) three-man delegation from the Interna­ is probable in the general election next tional Science and Technology Institute, month. The ghost of Susan B. Anthony is stir­ Amazingly, the 53 per cent figure revealed ring up as much commotion in Congress a Washington-based consulting firm from the Gallup Poll was kept out of all Brit­ these days as she did 100 years ago with her funded by the U.S. Agency for Interna­ ish papers except "The Irish Times." Ac­ campaign to win voting rights for women. tional Development. Mr. Lovvorn noted cordingly to the "Daily Mirror," there is only Now Congress is feeling the pressure of that the :fiag was presented to the Gov­ one policy, regarding enemy withdrawal, women's liberation groups to place Ms. An­ ernment and people of Liberia by Penn­ which can lead to success. That policy is for thony's likeness on the new mini-dollar coin, sylvania Congressman Gus YATRON, who "British to announce its unshakeable inten­ almost certain to become a reality. was delighted with the opportunity of tion to withdraw altogether from Northern And the odds seem to be growing with expressing friendship and good will be­ Ireland." each passing week that Anthony will grace The newspaper does not believe that Brit­ tween Liberia and the United States. Re­ the new coin rather than Miss Liberty and ceiving the :fiag, Minister Townsend ex­ ain should quit Ireland at once: "The next her long, flowing locks. British government should declare that, on a pressed thanks and appreciation on be­ date five years from now, Ulster will be given Coin World, one of the nation's leading half of President William R. Tolbert, Jr., its independence and that British forces, numismatic newspapers, gave readers a for the spirit of mutual understanding finance and administration will depart." chance to voice their opinion in recent weeks and select their first, second and third expressed by Congressman YATRON. On The Republican Movement has made it behalf of the President, Government, and clear that all such talk about independence choices for a design. Ms. Anthony was well for Ulster or any part of Ulster is unrealistic down the list, faring no better than seventh people of Liberia and the Government and that Ireland must be the unit in ques­ in total votes and only fourth in the first and people of the United States. tion. All Ireland is unfree at present, part place vote tally. The Vice President noted that the of the land being governed by a quisling What is somewhat ironic about this is presentation was a clear indication and administration. that the nation's coin enthusiasts have been a continuous manifestation of the good The newspaper adds that "many people clamoring for new designs on U.S. coinage ever since commemorative coinage came to relations between the countries in the fear that a decision to quit Ulster would lead quest for human rights and freedom for to a bloodbath" and asks: "But what is 1,850 a halt almost 25 years ago. dead and 20,000 injured if not a bloodbath?" Now these same enthusiasts of new de­ mankind. In fact the delegation then The paper's editorial comment gives the signs are rejecting a new face on a coin and asked to convey to Congressman YATRON following statistics for the past nine years: showing overwhelming support for an old the appreciation of President Tolbert, 1,854 dead, including 365 soldiers; 115 RUC one-the Liberty Head design. the Government and people of Liberia. members; and of the 19,917 injured, soldiers It garnered 315 first place votes and a total Minister E. Reginald Townsend later numbered 2,721; RUC, 3,295; personal injury of 371 compared with 24 first place votes introduced the Vice President to Justice awards totalling £38,000,000; compensation and a total of only 41 for Ms. Anthony. payments for damage to property, £246,000,- James A. A. Piers <1) , Secretary General What's more, there were plenty of rather of the party, McKinley A. DeShield, Sr., 000. acerbic comments made by Coin World read­ The "Daily Mirror" does not attempt to ers regarding a coin bearing the suffragist's and members of the cabinet to the U.S. estimate the damage to the British economy portrait. delegation." of the past 10 years of British occupation in The Institute was established in May Ireland-how much the extra troops cost; In my mind there is no comparison be­ how much the propaganda war; how much tween the two designs. The Liberty Head 1977 to foster the trans!er of science and the loss in industry and commerce. design, in most of the varieties which graced technology to developing countries and Little by little, in the months ahead, these U.S. coinage in the 19th century, remains to assist local organizations who believe one of the nation's most beautiful ever to devastating figures will be revealed in Britain adorn a coin. that science and technology have a vital as the demand of the ordinary people for role to play in social and economic devel­ Crown disengagement in Ireland becomes The prim Ms. Anthony desi~n appears cold louder and more insistent until there is no and even the talents of gifted Frank Gas­ opment. Although ISTI is concerned with alternative but to obey it. parro, chief engraver of the Mint, have not the entire development process, this or­ The reaction of most party politicians in been able to add warmth to the design­ ganization will direct its major effort to­ the Six Counties to the Mirror's demand for at least not in the sketches shown thus far.e ward implementing projects defined by British withdrawal is very revealing. All developing countries and assistance shades of unionism, from official true-blue through orange to the bile green of the SDLP, organizations. feared and objected to British withdrawal, LIBERIAN SCIENTIFIC AND TECH­ ISTI's underlying principle is that only thus emphasizing the colonial connection. NOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT through the process of partnership can In the 26 Counties the voice of unionism this transfer of science and technology (Fianna Fail, Fine Gael and Labour) officially was silent. Unofficially, there was extreme yield genuine long-term benefits. In sup­ nervousness. HON. GUS YATRON port of this principle the Institute is as­ The obvious answer is that the Crown must OF PENNSYLVANIA sisting in the establishment of private enter into negotiations with the liberation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in-country partner organizations, headed forces AT ONCE to arrange for a mutually by nationals who can better analyze their agreed programme of orderly withdrawal as Wednesday, September 13, 1978 well as amnesty and release for all the pris­ • Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, earlier country's needs and insure that imple­ oners of war in these islands. today I received a briefing by B. K. Wes­ mentation programs will be compatible The sooner the Crown's ministers begin with their society and culture.• the negotiations, the sooner peace can be ley Copeland, president of the Interna­ made to return to Ireland. It is as simple tional Science and Technology Institute, as that.e Inc. VIRGINIA presented me the following transcript of Wednesday, September 13, 1978 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the news program heard on Liberian ra­ e Mr. HAMILTON, Mr. Speaker, I would Wednesday, September 13, 1978 dio fallowing the presentation of the like to insert my Washington report for e Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, the American :fiag by ISTI/USA to the Li­ September 13, 1978, into the CONGRES­ fallowing article, by Gary L. Palmer of berian Cabinet. SIONAL RECORD: September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29341

CUTl'ING THE FEDERAL BUDGET body wants to reduce current benefits, but throughout it all, GCL schools have In a recent newsletter I stated that gov­ future growth in benefits can be contained. maintained a standard of academic ex­ ernment expenditures should be restrained. State and local aid: Federal grants to cellence to match their performance on The ink on the newsletter was scarcely dry state and local governments will have dou­ the athletic field. when several Ninth District residents asked bled from $43 billion in 1973 to $86 billion It is my pleasure, therefore, to share me a fair question: where do you make the by 1979, while 44 states are posting surpluses that total $10 billion. Surely some reduc­ this record of accomplishment with my cuts? tions can be made here. colleagues. The Greater Cincinnati It is my feeling that virtually every gov­ League's 50 years-long story of success ernment program could be cut back without Bureaucracy: Although the size of the fed­ harm. None of the appropriations made by eral bureaucracy has not increased much in can stand as an example of achievement Congress should be immune from reduction. the past 20 years, federal pay scales have to us all.• Although claims for the federal dollar have risen faster than those in the private sector. become more widespread, the time for fiscal The federal payroll is now at $62 billion per restraint has arrived. Putting the govern­ year, up from $47 billion in 1975. Federal compensation and vacation, sick leave, pen­ THffiTY MINUTES TO ment's fiscal house in order ls now a domi­ sion and job security benefits must be reined nant priority of national policy. It is prob­ in. Perquisites such as limousines, personal DESTRUCTION ably the single most important thing Con­ chefs and servants must be eliminated. Fed­ gress can do to restore people's confidence in eral executives should be given what is the ability of the government to manage its required to do a good job, but not so much HON. LARRY McDONALD affairs. I do not share the view that much as to make them privileged far beyond the OF GEORGIA (some say 75 % ) of federal spending is un­ people they serve. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES controllable. Every dollar the government lays out is approved by the President and This list of areas where costs can be cut Wednesday, September 13, 1978 could easily be expanded, but it does pro­ Congress at some point and is within their •Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, Gov. control. The challenge is to translate the na­ vide a good starting point. This Congress­ man, at least, is committed to voting for tional consensus on fiscal restraint into an Meldrim Thomson of New Hampshire effective program to trim federal spending. reductions in these and other areas where gave an excellent talk to the Veterans spending is unnecessary or where services of Foreign Wars National Convention on Cutting the budget does not mean unravel­ are delivered in an inefficient manner.e ling every program, but it does require a sober August 22, 1978 in Dallas, Tex. His ma­ reappraisal of what government can and jor theme was that our defenses are be­ should accomplish. coming so weak that we might not win a The following are some of the cuts I would future war with the Soviet Union and recommend: GREATER CINCINNATI LEAGUE this we cannot ae'ord. His speech called Regula tion: Forty-one regulatory agencies, 50TH ANNIVERSARY which cost about $3.2 billion to operate and for action now to rebuild our defenses demand over $100 billion of businesses and by going ahead with, not canceling ma­ consumers each year, must be cut back. Reg­ HON. THOMAS A. LUKEN jor weapons systems and reinstituting ulation has simply gotten out of hand. OF OHIO some form of compulsory military serv­ Health: Government health costs can be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ice. As he pointed out, the hour is late reduced without lowering the quality of med­ and the effort will not be easy, but free­ ical care. A recent study found that federal Wednesday, September 13, 1978 dom once lost to tyrants is not easily health care employees processed 2,500 claims • Mr. LUKEN. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, restored. I commend his speech to the per year while private sector employees pro­ cessed 3,900 or more. It has been estimated September 17, 1978, representatives from attention of my colleagues as I heartily that $4 billion was spent on unnecessary faculties and administrations of six Cin­ agree with what he had to say. The medical services last year. cinnati area high schools, along with speech follows: Welfare: Welfare expenditures can be re­ religious and community leaders, stu­ THIRTY MINUTES TO DESTRUCTION duced by tighter controls. The Department of dents, and various friends, will gather (By Gov. Meldrim Thomson, Jr.)• Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) has to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Soldiers of the past, patriots of today: It acknowledged misspending about $7 billion Greater Cincinnati League. This league, is with great sense of appreciation for your last year. Even allowing for some mistakes made up of six Catholic boys' high loyal service and sacrifice of former years and in its huge operation, that amount of waste schools, has provided our community your dedication to the basic American prin­ in the HEW budget of $148 billion is totally ciples of our founding fathers that I salute unacceptable. with 50 years of sports entertainment, has developed the athletic and mental you today. Congress: Congress itself is too expensive. My high esteem for the veterans of our Federal spending for Congress has grown abilities of many youth, and has con­ nation's wars has prompted me to take many from $170 million in 1970 to $485 million in tributed a remarkable number of ath­ supportive actions on your behalf. 1978. The number of employees on Capitol letes to professional sports. Hill and the amount of spending on con­ For example, the first official act of my gressional support services must be reduced. Notable examples include Roger Stau­ administration in 1973 was to issue an exec­ The bloated bureaucracy is not just the bach, Purcell High School, and Jim utive order returning MemoriaL Day and President's problem. Bunning, St. Xavier High School. Cur­ Veterans Day to their original dates of ob­ Jobs: The cost of creating jobs has soared. rent professional sports rosters include servance. With $12 billion per year now being spent on GCL stars like LaSalle High School's When liberal critics said I did not have the employment and training programs alone, Don Hasselbeck, New England Patriots; power to do this, I urged our legislative to too much is paid for the results achieved. Roger Bacon's Moe Burtachy, Philadel­ take similar action which they promptly did. The cost of manpower programs will always phia A's; and Elder High School's Thus, New Hampshire became one of the be high, but there is mounting evidence that first states to rectify the politicians tamper­ control of waste and fraud could keep the Ralph Brickner, Red Sox; Gordon Mass, Chicago Cubs; Ron Moeller, Baltimore ing with these two dates. cost down. When President Ford offered provisional Defense: The mill tary should certainly not Orioles: Tommy Flanigan, White Sox; amnesty to draft dodgers and President be exempt from budget cutting. I am con­ Steve Junker, Detroit Lions; and Bob Carter went even further in this despicable vinced that costs can be minimized without Fry and Danny James, Pittsburgh action, I declared by Proclamation that the impairing our national security. We have Steelers. days on which such actions were taken were 20 % more bases than we need, so some in­ When the Greater Cincinnati League days of infamy. stallations can be closed. Manpower can be was formed in 1928, it consisted of St. I suggested that it was "far from ap­ used more efficiently and pay scales and re­ propriate for a grateful nation to recognize, tirement programs can be simplified and Xavier, Elder, Roger Bacon, and Purcell. LaSalle and Moeller High Schools joined honor and offer eternal tribute to those who revised. Also, procurement practices can be served her colors rather than to extend improved by more competition and account­ later. Throughout the years, the GCL amnesty to those who rejected by flight and ability. teams have been led by such talented desertion the call to honor and duty." Special interests: A variety of government coaches as Ed Kluska, John Wicthe, Fr. benefits to special interests must be reviewed Thus, I caused the National and State Ed Rudemiller, Paul Frey, Walter flags to be flown at half mast on all state to see whetl--er they are still in the national "Babe" Bartlett, Jim McCarthy, Bron interest. Some of these benefits may be called buildings as a means of mourning those who •for, but such things as maritime subsidies, Bacevich, and Gerry Faust. Under their had sacrificed their lives and limbs in Viet- impact aid to education and water projects stewardships, Greater Cincinnati League must be scrutinized. Even social security, teams have won State titles in 9 of the *Talk given before the Veterans of Foreign which has become the largest single pro­ 10 sports in which there is State cham­ Wars National Convention, August 22, 1978, gram in the budget, should be checked. No- pionship competition. In addition, Dallas, Texas. 29342 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 nam and upon other battlegrounds of the lated or lose its independence, or more likely Our naval experts are deeply concerned world. suffer both tragedies. that the Soviets, with their 260 subs-a force When Ambassador Andrew Young persisted Should the Soviets trigger their Intercon­ that ls still growing rapidly, could deny to in running his mouth off against patriots of tinental ballistic missiles, we would have us the use of the major sea lanes of the this nation while singing the praises of com­ just thirty minutes before they could come world. munists from one end of the world to the showering down on America with holocaustlc Veterans, to put it mildly, we are in the other, I called for his removal in my United affect. biggest snafu of our national life and still Nations Proclamation last year. And for good How does a nation prepare for a nuclear losing ground to an enemy whose officials measure I suggested that the United States war with only thirty minutes to spare and are pledged to bury our nation. should get out of the communist tainted no effective means of defense except to launch While the Soviets are building 2 Y:z Back­ United Nations and then kick the United its own missiles? fire bombers a month, our President junked Nations out of America. Obviously it dosn't. It must stand ready our equivalent to the Backfire, namely the Those of you who served our nation tn for the worst for as long as it exists. There B-1 Bomber. World Wars I and II tasted the sweet savor is an uneasy and growing certainty that While the Soviets are expanding their naval of victory. You returned to the land of the America is not ready for the worst. throwpower in every major segment of their free believing that you had made the world In the 1950's we held quantitative and naval force- Kiev-type aircraft carriers, nu­ safe for democracy and that freedom had qualitative superiority to the Soviets and all clear cruisers and submarines, our President been assured for all mankind. other nations of the world in nuclear strike objects to having a missile cruiser added to In time, however, you came to realize that ability. our new military budget. the victories won on worldwide battlefields Since then, with the help if not the con­ While the Soviets are building movable had been frittered away by inept and coward­ nivance, of a long line of public officials in missile bases that can be hidden from de­ ly public officials. the State Department and the Congress, we tection, we are considering construction of Those of you who served in the wars of have seen an aggressive Soviet Union build such deceptive moveable bases some six or national humil1ation-the Korean War and a formidable strike force that just this week eight yea.rs from now, that ls, if Congress the Vietnam War-now know that there was was described by retired Major General John wm authorize the money. no peace with honor to be found in either Slnglaub as possessing quantitative superi­ One means of building a movable launch­ of these because our public officials would ority. ing site for missiles would be to construct not let you fight to win. We are doomed to lose a war with the a huge ditch twenty miles long. Today, SAC You know also the disgusting hypocrisy of Soviet Union said this courageous general if is concerned that even this new means of an American Secretary of State who never our present mil1tary policies remain un­ protecting our missile launching bases may raised a finger to retrieve more than a changed. be aborted by the environmentalists who thousand Americans missing in action in Consider the record of relative growth of have indicated that SAC should first produce Vietnam while he unctuously accepted the the Soviet Union in recent years. an impact study. Nobel Peace Prize for surrendering our forces Unfol"tunately, today no one holding a pub­ How apt, even today, that old verse that to the communists of North Vietnam. lic office of influence is inclined to change for want of a nail a kingdom was lost. America emerged from World War II as the our surrender-bound m111tary policies. I am confident that if the Environmental most powerful nation In the world. The amount of our national budget marked Protection Agency had been in existence dur­ We alone had the atom bomb. We had for national defense has declined since 1963 ing World War II, we never would have built served the nations of the free world, and from 50 percent to 22 percent. The Soviet the big inch pipeline that fueled much of some not quite so free, as the arsenal of budget has grown by 3 percent a year in the wartime effort. democracy. We made the transition from a last 10 years. May I also suggest that a diplomatic pol­ wartime economy to peaceful productivity Our military budget for FY 1977 is esti­ icy that deliberately seeks to abandon old with a rush and so successfully that we had mated at $126 billion. The expenditures of and true friends such as the Republic of bUlions to share with less fortunate allies­ the Soviets for their military is considered China, now temporarily on the Island of and even with our former enemies. by experts to be one-third higher than ours. Taiwan, or sets out maliciously to destroy Thirty-seven years ago our nation was While the Soviets have raced ahead of us allies like Rhodesia and South Africa, only protected by time and the seas. Not since !n the developemnt of a mighty mmtary ma­ hastens the day when the Soviets will be the days of our revolution had foreign chine, we have concentrated on expanding able to demand our unconditional surrender. soldiers marched across our homeland to social services. The Republic of China is an indispensable bring war to our doorstep. And so it was with While the portion of our national budget link in the Far East defense chain fashioned a sense of security that Franklin Roosevelt earmarked for national defense plummeted by our military strategists following the sur­ boasted on December 29, 1940 that America from 38 to 22 percent from 1975 to 1979, our render of Japan. We can abandon Nationalist would serve as the arsenal of Democracy to welfare services (excluding social security) China to Red China only at the risk of driv­ our allies. increased from 11 to 17 percent in the same ing Korea and Japan into the arms of Com­ Almost overni!?ht our great industrial 4 years. munism. giant, the American free enterprise system, The heavy emphasis of the Soviet Union on Already we have exposed the Suez Canal, sprang into action. During the ensuing four its military preparations has, in the minds of one of the major waterways of the world, years of war a flood of ships, planes, and many of our military authorities, placed the to Soviet take over by our fuzzy-thinking, war armament of every description poured United States in a position of inferiority to stupid insistence that the canal be given to from our factories. the Soviets. Egypt. We not only produced the sinews of war, While it would be impossible in our short More recently, cowardly senators aban­ but we also delivered vast quantities of sup­ time together to draw a comparison of the doning national interests to Presidential plies and armaments around the world, from relative strength of the military machines pressure, gave away our own Panama Canal the Murmansk run to the ports of Australia. of the Soviets and the United States, several to a two-bit communist puppet. We built more than 13,000 large combatant important facts should be noted. shi'Os-battleshlos, cruisers, submarines, de­ 1. The armed forces of the Soviets with re­ Thus, two of the four major sea lanes of stroyers, aircraft carriers and a host of serves amounts to 11 million persons com­ the world have come under the sway and others. pared to our active and reserve force of 3.6 influence of the Soviets. We bullt 110,000 small era.ft such as pa­ million. What happens if South Africa, our friend trol ships and landing craft. 2. The Soviets are known to have 1,400 and ally in two World Wars, should fall to We produced for ourselves and our allles plus missiles compared to our total of 1,054 the Soviets who a.re relentlessly pressing 2,700 liberty ships. missiles. their advantage on the Continent of Africa? we filled the skies with almost 300,000 3. The Soviet air force ls quantitatively Around the Cape of Good Hope passes 80 m111tary aircraft for the allied cause. twice t hat of ours. But of greater significance, percent of the oil used by the West and 40 In addition, we built highways, airfields, the Soviets are building 21h or their deadly percent of the foodstuff. ports, shops and factories in every nook and Backfire bombers a month whlle we are South Africa ls vital to the survival of cranny of the free world. building no major new bombers. In addition, the Free World. In all the hlstorv of the world mankind they are manufacturing 1,000 fighter planes Over one-half of the strategic minerals and had never before witnessed such an outpour­ a year. about 70 percent of the strategic metals con­ ing of war materials. 4. In naval ships the balance has turned sumed by the Free World come from Never had there been such a mighty ef­ against us significantly. In no area ls the fort made to produce a successful war difference more pronounced than in sub­ Rhodesia and South Africa. machine. marines. Yet through three presidential adminis­ But never again will it be possible for We have 41 ballistic ml!'Sile subs to their trations we have done everything possible any nation, in time of a global war, to 91 ·and only 82 attack subs to their 260. to set up a communist t ake over of this area. fashion the swords and spears of war. Every major city of America is vulnerable of the world stm friendly to the West. Any nation that is not instantly prepared to obliteration by Soviet missile subs lurk­ Any reaso-iable, sensible observer of pres­ to retaliate in kind to a nuclear attack, and ing off our coast, and in the case of their ent-day America must wonder if our nation then survive to fight again, will be annihi- Delta subs, from as far off as 4,000 miles. ls bent on suicide; as some writers suggest. September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29343 Never has America been so much in need try that freedom might reign forever in complex in the downtown area, city govern­ of a king size dose of ol' fashion courage and America. ment decided to retain it as a permanent fortitude. Remember, we could be only thirty min­ site. We should be galvanized into immediate utes from destruction at any future moment. While the Center was being converted to action to make this nation second in defense Let us arm ourselves so well that no enemy a permanent fixture, it was policed by the to none. will ever dare to test the trigger of fate. occasional patrolling of units assigned to the adjacent area. But patronage .of the com­ Veterans, I suggest that all your courage­ America can survive and grow great again only if you and I, who love it, will work pleted facility would depend, to a large ex­ ous efforts on the battlefields of the pa.st harder to preserve it, than the enemy within tent, on a feeling of security by people who will mean nothing unless we recognize the and without who would destroy it.e used the complex or attended events pre­ great truth of that verse in the Book of Prov­ sented there. Periodic patrol and policing on erbs that where there is no vision, the people a "call-for-service" basis would be inade­ perish. quate. Let us recapture the vision of an America SEATTLE POLICE: EFFECTIVE LAW The first regular assignment of police per­ strong, free and dedicated to our own self­ sonnel to the Center was made in 1965. One preservation. ENFORCEMENT AT A REASONABLE result was that more promoters and sponsors The freedom that we were nurtured on, COST became interested in holding events there, fought for and cherished hangs today in the with the subsequent attraction of large num­ balance of the scale of destiny. Hon. John E. (Jack) Cunningham bers of people. This large concentration of What sacrifices are you and I prepared to people in such a relatively small area made OF WASHINGTON pay to preserve our liberty. it obvious that the detachment at the Cen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ter should be made permanent. The end re­ Patrick Henry put liberty above life. sult, after 13 years of changing needs and The signers of the Declaration of Independ­ Wednesday, September 13, 1978 manpower requirements, is the present SAS ence pledged their lives, fortunes and sacred ~ Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, consisting of 13 sworn officers ( 15 in the honor. Many lost their lives and fortunes but practically every city in the United States summer), 2 sergeants, and a lieutenant. not one his sacred honor. is facing the necessity of deciding be­ These officers operate on 2 shifts; one from The hour is late. In today's nuclear age 1000 to 1800 hours and the other from 1800 we never again wm be protected by sea and tween needed public services which the to 0200 hours. time while we build a new arsenal to counter public is willing to buy and other services SAS's responsibilities are many and varied the thrust of a major adversary. that the public would prefer to forgo. but one of their most important functions, If ever the fateful hour of all out global I represent the city of Seattle in Con­ from a police point of view, is providing se­ ws.r comes we will have but thirty minutes gress. In many areas, Seattle has been a curity at the Center's events. Obviously, 13 from trigger time in any part of the world. pioneering place for innovative programs omcers cannot provide this security at an that increase the effectiveness of local event with an attendance of 15,000, partic­ In peace let us prepare for war to prevent ularly if that event is an extremely popular it. And in war let us fight to win, knowing public servants, while at the same time rock group whose patrons bring with them there is no substitute for victory. stretching the tax dollar of the taxpayer. the inherent problem of liquor and drugs In I suggest that for once in this generation I commend the Seattle Police Depart­ addition to the sheer weight of numbers. we go all out for America. If we are too busy ment and would recommend to my col­ How then does such a small unit perform to care about our freedom no one else will leagues an article in the September 1978 the job that is expected of it? The unit com­ preserve it for us. edition of FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin mander maintains an accurate, up-to-date First, let us return to compulsory military on the special activities section of the list of all omcers interested in off-duty em­ training at once if we mean to have a well Seattle police: ployment and provides the necessary security with those men. It sometimes requires a great trained, competent fighting force. How To PROVIDE MAXIMUM POLICE SERVICE AT Second, we must make whatever sacrifices deal of manipulation to provide enough MINIMUM COST officers. necessary to rebuild our Navy, expand our (By Leon O. Libby} missile arsenal and vastly improve our Air Whenever a promoter has a show sched­ Force. Police departments across the country are uled, he contacts SAS with the particular re­ faced with increased budgetary restrictions quirements for security and crowd control Third, we must at once build a national that not only prohibit them from increasing for the event. Together they discuss the energy policy that works, and tell the demon­ the size of their d-epartments, but stretch particular characteristics of the event and strators, bureaucrats and environmentalists existing manpower and resources to the determine how many officers will be needed. to get the hell out of the way. breaking point. Jn metropolitan areas, this From the off-duty roster the SAS lieutenant Fourth, let us quit bleeding ourselves with situation is resulting in the increased use of assigns the necessary manpower, computes no-win wars and with inflationary spending one-man patrol cars to compensate for the the cost, and bllls the promoter. The pro­ that only adds to the oppressive tax burden lack of personnel. When this problem is com­ moter makes direct payment for services to of every hard-working citizen. bined with an inadequate number of police a private C.P.A. firm, including an additional Fifth, let us drive from the seats of polit­ officers in a given city, then unique solutions fee the firm charges for its service. The ical power every United States Senator who must be found. C.P.A. firm, in turn, makes payment of wages voted to give away the Panama Canal or The Seattle Police Department's Special to the officers. In this way the police depart­ voted against the B-1 Bomber. Activities Section (SAS) must often provide ment avoids the questionable practice of be­ Sixth, make no mistake about it, we are at in excess of 250 police officers to make up a coming involved in handling monies paid to war with communism. Either we shall win security force for everything from rock con­ off-duty officers working for someone other and eventually help to restore true freedom certs to professional sporting events. The than the police department. throughout the world or communism will department consists of approximately 1,000 The important point is that most events ultimately enslave all mankind. sworn officers. Six hundred and fifty of them require a police presence, a fact acknowledged are assigned to the uniformed Patrol Bu­ by everyone from the police to promoters; In recognition of this basic truth, we reau and Trame Division to cover the entire but no matter how police coverage is pro­ should stop succoring the communist world 84-sauare miles of Seattle for a 24-hour peri­ vided the event will probably be staged. By with food, technological know-how and stra­ od. There are not 250 officers to spare for such . using this method just described, more than tegic goods of invaluable military worth. security forces. one objective is accomplished. The event pro­ We should throw the hypocritical, danger­ The SAS is headquartered at Senate Cen­ ceeds smoothly because police are present to ous and American tax-sucking United Na­ ter, a complex of cultural, entertainment, maintain order; the promoter is favorably tions out of the country and restore to and convention facilities covering 74 acres- impressed and uses the facility again, thereby Congress its former American security 1 mile by monorail from the heart of the contributing to the Center's financial sta­ committees. central business district. The complex con­ b1lity; but, most im-r.ortant, a necessary Seventh, we must realize that there wlll sists of many facilities but of foremost im­ function has been fulfilled by official police never be compatibility between the Hammer portance is the metropolitan stadium and department authorities at relatively low cost and Sickle and the Stars and Stripes. One is 3 auditorium-type facilities which can ac­ to the city. When one considers that SAS the rule of the ruthless tyrant and the other commodate from 3,000 to 15,000 patrons. It repeats this procedure 35 to 40 times a year the way of freedom. is in these facilities that the bigges'; events for rock concerts alone, the impact on the Consequently, we must guard against any are held which require the heaviest police police budget would be tremendous if the further aid to or buildup of communism coverage. city had to pay overtime to these extra anywhere in the world, and especially in The Center is the reason for the unit's officers. Panama, Cuba and Jamaica. existence, having be'en originally built on The savings to the department created by Finally, as God-fearing people let us put the site of the 1962 World's Fair. Realizing SAS does not stop here, for the unit has com­ our faith in the Lord and our trust in coun- the potential benefit of maintaining such a plete administrative responsibility for re- 29344 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 cruitment, training, appointment, and as­ tion, using pin maps to target potential small rock concert 7 days a week for 4 signment of the members of the Seattle Po­ trouble spots. months in terms of manpower needs. lice Reserve Unit. and the Seattle Police Juvenile strong-a.rm artists a.re always a. The normal budget of the unit, though Explorer Post. matter of concern for SAS officers, who must inflated in 1978 by the addition of the The reserve unit is a volunteer, nonpaid also contend with counterfeit tickets pre­ Tutankhamen exhibit, is usually about service organization whose officers, when on sented at events, ticket scalpers, panhandlers, $275,000 per year, with about $265,000 of duty, work under the direct supervision of a liquor violators, mari'huana. peddlers, lost that in personnel services. After examining regular sworn officer. Reserve officers are property, runaways, and lost children. These what the unit accomplishes in terms of chosen carefully and must attend the Seattle a.re problems for which these officers are crowd control, traffic control, and security Police Academy for 120 hours of classroom particularly suited because of their intimate at events ranging in size from 3,000 to 60,000 training covering most areas of police work. and daily acquaintance with the buildings, people, with a permanent contingent of only Once they receive their full police commis­ the people, and the 74 acres comprising the 13 officers, it is obvious that the overall cost sions, the same as sworn officers, they are Seattle Center. to the department budget would be far required to work a minimum of two 8-hour For the past 2 years the Special Activities higher if SAS had to address the problem shifts every month. This 70-member force Section has also been responsible for secu­ differently. provides an invaluable service to the depart­ rity at the 65,000-seat Kingdome stadium Use of on-duty personnel, paid overtime, ment in general and SAS specifically. The and this has posed additional staffing prob­ would be an awesome financial burden on the only cost incurred by the department ls the budget, plus there would be a diversion of lems. The covered, multi-use fac111ty ls home manpower and resources. By relying almost issuance of uniforms and equipment. to three professional sports franchises and These reserve officers facllltate an orderly exclusively on off-duty personnel whose serv­ hosts every type of event from recreational ices are paid for by private firms, these prob­ ingress and egress to and from the immediate vehicle shows to indoor motocross. Seattle Center area. Their acquaintance with lems are avoided. By using the services of this duty and famlUarlty with the many The different kinds of events and the size dedicated volunteers to perform routine events and attendant problems enables them of the crowds at this fac111ty pose problems police functions at the Seattle Center to perform this function efficiently, thus that SAS does not encounter at the Center grounds, the same cost factor is overcome in relieving the department's Traffic Division of grounds, but the unit's experience over the an area of such heavy use that police pres­ this burdensome task. years with the latter has contributed to suc­ ence ls a necessity. An example, however, cessful handling of this new challenge. might serve to indicate the magnitude of They fulfill the SAS's responsib111ty for A baseball game with an attendance near­ the savings. Assume that a rock concert re­ moving traffic through the main Seattle Cen­ quires 20 officers, paid at the rate of a first­ ter parking garage, and after years of prac­ ing 35,000, for example, requires a.bout 20 officers, 3 sergeants, and a. lieutenant. A soc­ gnde officer's salary at $9 .00 per hour for tice can usually accomplish this task in a approximately 3 hours. This situation, mag­ little over 30 minutes. During rock concerts cer match requires 23 officers and 4 super­ visors, while a. professional football game nified by 40 concerts a year, comes to almost and other major events, they patrol the ga­ $22,000 alone. Imagine the cost when the rage continually and normally write 15 to 20 with an attendance in excess of 50,000 re­ quires over 50 officers and more than a half­ event requires more than 250 officers! citations for minor infractions of the law. One additional factor in the success the This constant surveillance prevents minor dozen sergeants. An extremely popular rock group, however, presents problems that re­ SAS enjoys is the close cooperation of the thefts and acts of vandalism and ensures the Crimes Specific Section (See FBI Law En­ place does not become, essentially, the site quire 250 or more officers and a dozen super­ visors. forcement Bulletin, Vol. 47, No. 2, February of a large party. Furthermore, the officers 1978) and the neighboring patrol units. They use the citation in lieu of arrest, whenever In addition to having to schedule this provide the backup which ls vitally impor­ possible, because of the great number of many men, the SAS lieutenant is faced with tant to the effectiveness of the unit. juveniles and minors involved in this ac­ another problem. The Kingdome is a. coun­ The Crimes Specific officers come and go tivity. ty-operated fac111ty located within the city freely at the Center, working the crowds for Reserve officers' duties are not limited limits of Seattle, and to a.void the potential scalpers, purse snatchers, car prowlers, liquor solely to traffic control at the Center. SAS conflict in this situation and any accusa­ violators, and drug offenders. They work in schedules these officers to augment the regu­ tions of favoritism, the lieutenant schedules plain clothes as opposed to SAS officers who lar patrol force, driving the paddy wagon, fill­ a. force of one-half county police department are basically a uniform force unless neces­ ing in for vocational offi:ers to create two­ personnel and one-half city police depart­ sity dictates otherwise. They also augment man cars, etc. They act in these capacities as ment personnel for all events requiring se­ SAS personnel inside at some of the poten­ sworn officers, again at no cost to the city. curity. This method has worked out well tial trouble spots, such as rock concerts, The Explorer Scouts, consisting of young during the Dome's relatively brief history. hockey games, boxing and wrestling matches, men and women between the ages of 15 and The spinoff effect of this use of officers from etc. 20, also attend the police academy for 8 hours the city and county has been the fostering The neighboring patrol units assist by every Saturday for 13 weeks. They are as­ of good will between the two departments making frequent transportation runs so that signed by SAS to deal with crowd control at whose officers seldom had the opportunity SAS officers need not leave the grounds when various Center events, most parades, and at before to meet in an omcial capacity. making arrests. This ls in addition to over­ the annual July Seafair celebration. They In 1977, the Klngdome hosted a nationally lapping patrol of the immediate area. also perform these services without pay. known rock group in a. sold-out concert. Cus­ One measure of the unit's success is the During the school year thousands of stu­ tomers camped out at the fac111ty beginning continued use of the Center by local resi­ dents from schools throughout the greater 2 days in advance. SAS scheduled personnel dents, tourists, and promoters. According to Seattle area are brought to the Center to at­ to provide 48-hour security for the event and the unit's leader, "The Center ls a place to tend such events as the symphony and opera utllized over 260 officers and supervisors dur­ which a person can feel comfortable about as part of cultural enrichment programs. This ing that period. Although both sworn and sending his children and their grandmother. often results in the arrival of as many as 60 reserved officers are used at the Center, only That feeling exists because people can take loaded sohool buses in as little as an hour. sworn officers are used at the Kingdome. advantage of the wide range of activities in The buses have to be accommodated and di­ When it became obvious that sufficient off­ an area of relatively low crime occurrence rected to parking and the students safely duty city and county personnel were not with the presence of trained police officers directed across adjacent streets. Daytime available, other agencies within the county always read to assist." activities of this nature occur approximately were contacted and officers were successfully The general manager of the Seattle Cen­ 400 times a. year. In addition, evening events recruited to augment available personnel. ter has nothing but praise for the Special a.re held, ranging from opera to professional This past summer, SAS was confronted Activities Section and the service it provides sports, which are attended by thousands. with the challenge of providing security for at the Center: With this impact of pedestrian and vehicular the priceless Treasures of Tuhnkhamen ex­ "This detachment of officers, in my opin­ traffic compressed into short time spans, the hibit currently touring the United States. ion, provides the greatest service and assist­ presence of SAS officers ls absolutely neces­ In order to safely house the exhibit, the Flag ance to the Center of any department in the sary to eliminate potential chaos. Plaza Pavmon on the Center grounds under­ city. Their assistance in crowd control for The SAS also performs all other regularly went extensive renovations. SAS had primary the hundreds of events held at the Center accepted police functions in the immediate and complete responslb111ty for security from festivals to rock concerts ls second to which was provided on a 24-hour basis, pri­ none in the Nation. Their model has been area. of the Center. With large numbers of marily through the use of off-duty personnel. used by many of my manager counterparts people so greatly concentrated, it would be During the 14- to 16-hours a day that the to establish new or revamp existing programs. fooliS1h to presume that problems at the rela­ exhibit was open to the public, the treasures 'The attitude of the officers ls reflected in tively crime-free Center are nonexistent. were gu::i.rded by a crew of 12 officers and a the public's feeling of safety while enjoying Recently there was a serious car-prowl prob­ sergeant assigned by SAS. The security meas­ the Center, and this has been translated into lem on the streets and in the parking lots ures taken in Chicago and New Orleans to part of our ongoing healthy financial picture. adjacent to the Center grounds. By utlUzing protect the exhibit were examined to assure The officers have become an integral part of additional reserve officers and employing adequate public exposure to the treasures our total community. They have a special stake-out tactics, it wasn't long before the and to insure protection at the same time. appreciation for the Center while never ne­ problem had been reduced by 50 percent. The The length of the display, from July 15th glecting their primary responsib1Uty-the unit maintains its own crime analysis func- through November 15th made it in effect a police department."• September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29345 A FEW KIND WORDS placed on his time as a member of the pow­ tives for the business community to help erful House Ways and Means Committee. The the economy," he replies, "we need to bring first black ever to serve on the committee, he the disadvantaged into the mainstream." e HON. MARIO BIAGGI is currently 11th in seniority and will be 7th in the next Congress. OF NEW YORK In his New York omce, where he generally IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spends two days per week, Rangel appears THE BEST REGULATION IS NO Wednesday, September 13, 1978 surprisingly fresh and relaxed at the end of a working day. As we settle into the interview, REGULATION AT ALL, BUT THE e Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I rise to the elegantly-dressed Congresi::man with the NEXT BEST IS EFFECTIVE SELF­ call to the attention of this body a few graying moustache and the rasping voice REGULATION kind and revealing words written recent­ proves himself very much the politician. He ly about a respected colleague and a good uses each question as a springboard to launch HON. GUY VANDER JAGT friend, CHARLIE RANGEL, who ably rep­ into his favorite topics-for example, his ac­ resents the 19th District in Manhattan. cess to President Carter. OF MICHIGAN Because of his various committee assign­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Most of you know him as the Congress­ ments and his strong support of most of Car­ man from Harlem, a description often ter's policies, says Rangel, "I am forced to Wednesday, September 13, 1978 used by the media, and one of which he meet with the President more than probably e Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, in­ is justly proud. However few of you any other members of Congress. I often stop may know that the 19th is, perhaps, one by the White House on my way to the omce:· creased regulation of American business of the most cosmopolitan districts in the Rangel also likes to talk about Chip Carter, is of growing concern to all of us who the President's son, who is involved in a proj­ admire and recognize the absolute neces­ country, with four large, distinct com­ ect known as City in Schools, designed to up­ sity for a truly free American free enter­ munities and constituents of every con­ grade the neighborhoods in the area of cer­ prise system. We know that economic ceivable ethnic, racial, religious, eco­ tain schools. Chip has taken a special interest freedom is of equal importance to our nomic, and social strata. It extends in Harlem, and one school in particular near down Manhattan's West Side. across Morningside Park. "I am confident that with individual freedoms if our country is to Harlem and the Upper East Side, and Chip Carter's help, and with my help, Morn­ grow stronger and to better provide op­ even takes in the Roosevelt Island com­ ingside Park wm soon show some improve­ portunities for each of us. Yet, it now is munity, located in the middle of the East ments. I hope that Columbia University will estimated that it presently costs Ameri­ assist us too." can business more than $65 billion an­ River. When asked about the unusual shape of This article entitled "Westsider nually to comply with Federal regulations the 19th Congressional District, Rangel says, and paperwork. I am concerned, as many Charles Rangel," appeared in the Au­ "The reason for it is that as we find popu­ gust 26 edition of the maqazine. the lations expanding, we don't find the size or Members are, that these regulations are West Side TV Shopper. The writer, the numbers of the members of Congress ex­ in reality strangling the goose that laid Max Millard, captures the coml<>lexity panding. We used to have half a dozen mem­ the golden egg-our free enterprise sys­ of the diverse district, and the skill and bers of Congress representing different parts tem. creativity with which this able New of Manhattan. Now we're down to three­ Certainly, California's proposition 13 me, Green, and Weiss. If you break it down, and those of other States are indications Yorker serves his constituents. I am you can see that Adam Clayton Powell's dis­ proud to work with him and to call him trict used to be just Harlem." of the concern of the American people my friend. As a member of the House Select Commit­ for better, more efficient Government and The article follows: tee on Narcotics and Drugs, says Rangel, "I not increased Government intervention WESTSIDER CHARLES RANGEL--CONGRESSMAN am holding a conference in the last week­ in our lives. OF THE 19TH DISTRICT end in September. I have gone to Moscow, to The growth of our Government was try to encourage them to do more in the (By Max Millard) well described recently by Congressman area of controlling opium. I have been to TOM RAILSBACK. He recently explained The dividing line of New York's 19th Con­ Thailand for the same reason ... That's one gressional District twists and loops through area in which I have great disappoint­ that Federal spending has grown by more Upper Manhattan like a traveller who has ment in this Administration. I find efforts of than 550 percent-skyrocketing from lost his way. From the corner of 62nd Street Nixon's to be greater than Carter's. The Office about $75 billion 25 years ago to more and Central Park West, the boundary turns of Drug Abuse was disbanded by Carter." than half a trillion dollars for 1979. Over sharply at Amsterdam Avenue and extends Another field in which he finds Carter at that same period, the national debt has northward to 164th Street, then follows the fault is health care. "I support Kennedy's exploded from $265 billion to $750 bil­ East River shoreline south to Roosevelt Is­ proposal," says the Congressman. "There's no lion. It has doubled in just the last 8 land, taking in all of Harlem and a large question that, for anti-inflation reasons, the years. chunk of the East Side. President has put his national health pro­ This is the area which United States gram on the back burner. But to think that Regulations have contributed to this Congressman Charles Rangel has rep•e­ any program could be directly controlled by growth and this tremendous cost. In this sented ever since he was sent to Washing­ economic needs rather than by the medical regard, Eldon E. Fox, vice president of ton in 1971, after defeating the colorful needs of the people is something I cannot AMF Inc., recently gave a talk on this and controversial Adam Clayton Powell in accept." important subject in Detroit, Mich. His the Democratic primary. Today, as firmly The ultra-liberal Rangel, one of the most address was entitled "G Strings"-for in control of the seat as Powell was dur­ vociferous supporters of U.N. Ambassador the strings that the Federal Government ing his height of popularity, Congressman Andrew Young, stlll lives in the same build­ Rangel stands virtually unopposed in his holds on our economic system. I believe ing where he was born 48 years ago, when­ Mr. Fox's comments are well made and quest for a fifth term. ever he is not in Washington. He dropped "I have received the Democratic endorse­ out of high school to enlist in the army, his address follows: ment, the RepubUcan endorsement, and and spent four years compiling a distin­ ADDRESS BY ELDON E. Fox the Liberal endorsement," explains Rangel guished service record, including a Presiden­ Your schedule of events is exceedingly full. one Friday afternoon at the towering State tial citation and three battle stars. Once he When it is completed, I am certain you will Office Building on 125th Street. "I am as­ returned to New York, Rangel com!)leted have extended your respective professional suming that the Socialist Workers Party high school, went to college, and entered law scopes through the constructive interchange and the Communist Party will be filing. school on a full scholarship. He was admit­ of ideas. They normally do. In the last election I ted to the bar in 1960; in 1966 he was elected As the keynote speaker, I feel a special re­ got 96.4 percent of the vote." to the first of two terms in the New York sponsibility to launch this session in that Whereas the late Adam Clayton Powell had State Assembly. specific direction. wide appeal only among the city's blacks, Married and with two children, Congress­ In analyzing your program subjects it be­ Rangel gained the support of many of Har­ man Rangel believes that his future lies came clear to me that my role was not to lem's residents and also a large majority of primarily in the Ways and Means Committee, discuss motivation, creativity, marketing liberal whites on the upper West Side. It was which handles such giant concerns as taxes, communications, or effective promotional they who provided him with a 150 vote mar­ trade, health insurance, social security, and planning and the "How to ...". There is a gin of victory over Powell in 1970. In the pres­ welfare. In order to maintain his present sparkling group of experts lined up to do ent 95th Congress, Rangel has had the most popularity throughout the 19th Congres­ that very thing. liberal voting record of any CongreEsman sional District, he will have to continue to Rather, I ;ee my mission differently. I from New York State. And while he continued support those programs that benefit his con­ to give a great deal of attention to Harlem's stituents in both Harlem and the Upper want to warn you that "the G-strings will problems of health care, unemployment, and West Side. How can this be done? "If we're get you if you don't watch out!" If that is too drugs, Rangel has recently had more demands going to use the tax system to make incen- much to ponder on a Friday morning, so be CXXIV--1845-Part 22 29346 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 it. On the other hand, 1n markettp.g, being as those without. One large fleet owner cus­ or twelve years and younger--dependlng on forewarned is being forearmed. connected the system in each of his 900 who you talk to in the federal bureaucracy­ G-strings have never been featured on TV newly purchased trucks because it was so are the targets of what Senator Welcker calls or radio commercials. G-strings are not ad­ dangerous. "national nannylsm." vertised in consumer or trade publications. When Eli L1lly and Company asked the In this regard, a Deputy Assistant for Ad­ Furthermore, I am not aware of any publi­ Federal Drug Administration recently to vertising at the Bureau of Consumer Pro­ cized G-string recall programs. I doubt, how­ approve a. new arthritis drug, the a] plication tection of the Federal Trade Commission said ever, if there is a. man or woman 1n this room ran to 120,000 pages and supporting docu­ recently that parents of children under who doesn't know what a G-string is. mentation weighed more than a ton! twelve are tired of saying no to their kids. At a recent meeting in Washington, D.C., "So what," you say! "We have always had So, the government must do lt for them by a congressman from Michigan said, "The government regulations." banning the TV advertising of these ques­ government is in the marketplace--the gov­ True, but this escalating flow of regula­ tionable, precoated sugar cereal products to ernment is going to stay in the market­ tions increasingly affects the conditions un­ children. By this deft governmental assist­ place-what is stm to be decided is the gov­ der which goods and services are produced ance, parents wm be able to walk through ernment's role in the marketplace." and marketed, as well as the physical char­ the supermarkets without a parent-child As marketing communications executives, acteristics of products that are manufac­ conflict at the cereal shelves. if you thought that the strings of govern­ tured. As a. result of the former, conditions The alrllne industry ls experiencing ment were someone else's business, you are under which goods are produced, the Envi­ G-strings in an entirely different fashion. innocently and blissfully wrong. The federal ronmental Protection Agency, for instance, Here, the strings are being removed. The air­ government is entangled, one way or another, sets constraints on the a.mount of pollution llnes are being told that they can set their in almost every aspect of our marketing ef­ a. manufacturer may emit in the course of its own fares--down to a predetermined point. forts. It is surrounding us with strings that operations. As an example of the latter, prod­ You are all aware of the market scramble bind, pull, redirect and tangle programs, uct physical characteristics, the Consumer tha·t is taking place. If you abide by the fine resulting in higher costs and lower profit Product Safety Commission specifies mini­ print, you can now travel at less cost to margins. mum standards for products that, in its many areas because somebody pulled the G­ Unless you really begin to do something judgment, are potentially unsafe. However, String-and that has given the marketing about it, in a very short time the only ques­ the CPSC does not stop here, but mandates­ executives of that industry a whole new ball tion remaining wm be how severe or how often in 15reat detail-certain characteristics game. It's great for business right now, but strong, or how pervasive the government's that the products must have. may bring a competitive fallout for some air­ role wm be. Nowhere has government regulation, or the lines down the road. During his commentary on ABC's TV News controls of government, been more pervasive The soft drink bottlers are feellng the ef­ recently, Howard K. Smith commented that than here in Detroit. Many of you wm re­ fects of government regulatory action. The the Federal Register-that burgeoning bible member that it was just about twenty years FTC has proposed to issue a rullng to the which carries all of the many new federal ago that the federal government required effect that the two leading cola companies cease imposing territorial restrictions on their regulations-has grown from 14,000 pages in every automobile to have a dealer's invotc~ 1960 to a mind boggling 61,000 pages last clearly posted on the car's window. This was bottlers. Try communicating that to your year. a simple little G-string. It told the potential franchisees. If you started to read it tomorrow, you purchaser what the car could cost him, but The drug industry is, of course, a natural. would have to read over 167 pages a. day, almost never has. This single string has now How could we not have plenty of G-Strlngs here? You know about the Listerine case. The seven days a. week, for one solid year to get become a. web-perhaps web ls inaccurate through it just once. because that implies effective design. The FTC says they must run advertising to offset According to The American Enterprise In­ strin15s really look more like spaghetti. the lingering effects of false advertising. How stitute, there are 10 major "economic" regu­ A couple of prime examples are the inter­ much advertising do they have to run? Ten latory agencies in the federal government, a m1llion dollars worth is being discussed; but locking seat belt fiasco when consumer op­ how do you really measure "lingering ef­ 25 percent increase in the past seven years. position caused the regulation to be re­ fects?" As a. marketing communicator, have The Federal Trade Commission, the Securities scinded, and the current listing of estimated you the expertise to straddle "lingering ef­ and Exchange Commission and the Federal gas mileage on new car stickers. I haven't fect" product stories? Energy Administration are examples of "eco­ met anyone yet who actually gets as many The ·Federal Drug Administration ls trying . nomic" regulatory agencies. miles a gallon as the tests indicate. to develop a comprehensive food labeling There a.re 17 major "social" regulatory What has happened with government regu­ policy. The saccharin case mustrates what agencies, a 42 percent increase in the past lation of the auto industry, of course, is this could mean to food marketers. It's im­ seven years. The Employment Standards Ad­ that the consumer ends up paying the b111-a possible to estimate the cost and to measure ministration, Environmental Protection pattern repeated in many other industries. It the marketing impact from re-labeling all Agency, and Food and Drug Administration is estimated that regulatory costs have added of the hundreds of products containing this exemplify "social" regulatory agencies. nearly $500 dollars to the price of each new artificial sweetener, just to add a "dangerous This plethora. of agencies has in essence car today, compared with prices of compa­ to your health" warning for a product used created a. fourth branch of government-the rable cars 10 years ago. If you think Detrot~ routinely for years, but now accused of caus­ regulators themselves. In too many cases, and the automobile industry are an excep­ ing cancer in laboratory rats. What is the re­ these regulators have little experience in the tion, think again. I seriously doubt if any action of the nublic to all this? Well, during a.rea they are trying to regulate. They seem significant industry has escaped the G­ the heat of the saccharin debate last year, to have little awareness or concern for the Strings. The strings are growing everywhere. they sent an average of 15,000 letters a day costs (hidden or direct) imposed on busi­ The tobacco industry, of course, is a major to the FDA disagreeing with its ruling. ness and the consumer by their regulations. example. La.st year, Americans smoked more The FCC blithely overlooked the fact that They are not accountable to the consumer for cigarettes than ever, despite the facts that the industry already was loaded with 23 the consequences of their regulations, but each pack of cigarettes carried, at govern­ channel sets it couldn't sell. Effective timing we in business are. And, some regulators have ment insistence and industry's expense, the ls not built into a G-string! developed an elitist attitude of "We know Surgeon General's warning, and that the TV For those of you engaged in television what's good for you-better .than you do." advertising of cigarettes is prohibited. The commercial production, a man at the FCC This situation has created some classic irony of this ls interesting, because the gov­ said recently that "rules are rules." What horror stories of over-regulation: ernment is subsidizing tobacco crops and did he mean? He meant that lf your com­ providing funds to emerging nations where The Consumer Product Safety Commission mercial didn't have the signal strength to the governments use cigarettes as a major provide a full 525 lines and fill the screen, bought 80,000 bright yellow buttons for its revenue source. campaign to encourage toy safety. But the the TV station must reject the commercial. The food industry is feeling its share of This if': now happening in Washington, D.C. buttons themselves were found to be haz­ G-strings. We are going way beyond the cus­ ardous, with sharp edges, and with lead and Chicago. tomary requirements of packaging and label­ Are you involved in marketing and promot­ paint, which-if scratched off by children­ ing. We are now concerned with prepackaged could be harmful. ing sporting events? If you are, have you sugar on children's cereal. really considered the sales impact of the non­ The American Hospital Association estt­ I suspect that most of you as kids had deductibllity of sporting event tickets as a mates that in complying with just eight sugar on your cereal, whether it was placed business expense? The House Ways and Means federal regulations dealing with health car"', there by you, or your mother, or your father. Committee is looking at this, along with the its member institutions were forced to -;pend We have survived what is now perceived as House's three martini waltz. $800 m1llion dollars last year-adding $22 a danger, and the government feels, appar­ Most of you know that AMF makes Harley­ to the average hospital b1ll. ently, we should not have. Can it be that Davldson motorcycles. Like the automotive The National Highway Traftic Safety Ad­ instead of growing up in spite of themselves, engineers here in Detroit, we have been re­ ministration's new safety standard, requi!"­ future generations will be challenged to grow ducing emissions and noise. Our motorcycles ing a complex antilock braking system in all up in spite of the government? are now quieter than ever before, and meet commercial vehicles that use air brakes, has In the current marketing of cereal to chil­ the current government regulations. Yet, we caused some real headaches. According to dren, there is a great government concern are being asked to produce less noise by 1985 truckers, vehicles with antilock brakes have a.bout advertising these products on televi­ than the garbage disposal which many people had four times as many jackknife accidents sion. Children eight yea.rs old and younger, have in their kitchens today. As proposed, September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29347 these regulations not only would be very ex­ to forestall, or at least favorably influence, separation or until December 31, 1985, pensive to meet, but also would cause us se­ proposed regulations that are inequitable or for Vietnam-era veterans who served rious marketing problems from having to unnecessary. There are a number of ways to in the Vietnam theater. change the basic apearance of our motorcy­ do this. One ls to give more effective support Rollcall No. 747. "aye." An Amendment cles. We have been stressing to the EPA that to the efforts of your industry and allied offered by Mr. HANLEY to retain exist­ the consumer would have to pay up to $~00 industries to achieve improved self-regula­ more per motorcycle if the proposed stand­ tion. This can be done through your trade ing veterans preference standards. ards take effect. We see this as a. classic case association or a broader group, such as the Rollcall No. 749, "aye." An amendment of over-regulation that ls not cost-effective National Association of Manufacturers. How­ offered by Mr. LEACH setting a statutory because motorcycle noise levels a.re simply ever, you should be ready to offer your own ceiling on the total number of Federal not a significant factor in the overall noise recommendations for industry self-regula­ employees in the executive branch. on our highways. tion if you and your company don't feel com­ Rollcall No. 750, "aye." An amend­ For those of you primarily concerned with fortable with what now exists. advertising, you should be aware that a Sen­ You also can commission or conduct a ment offered by Mr. COLLINS that ate subcommittee has launched a hunting careful study of the costs and effects of reg­ sought to permit the FBI to place 140 expedition aimed against advertising which ulation on your company and your indus­ positions in GS 16-18 without respect gives corporate views on controversial lsssues. try. This will give you ammunition to com­ to provisions placing limitations on ex­ This also includes advertising campaigns de­ municate to political leaders, regulators, em­ ecutive level positions. signed to improve corporate image, which, of ployees, stockholders and the media, focus­ Rollcall No. 751, "aye." An amendment course can be a major help to your marketing ing attention on regulatory cost ineffective­ offered by Mr. ERLENBORN that sought to efforts. ness and helping gain support and relief. The tire industry is locked in a monumen­ There is an interesting new development strike the labor-management and em­ tal struggle with the National Highway Trame in this area. Since 1974, when Congress ap­ ployee relations language from the Safety Administration over the issue of uni­ proved the establishment of political action bill. form quality grading standards for auto tires. committees, more than 500 companies have Rollcall No. 752, "no." A motion offered Nearly 13 years have elapsed since Congress done so. However, most of them have con­ by Mr. WILSON of California that the first took up this subject, and countless man­ centrated only on providing a system for Committee of the Whole rise and report hours and an estimated $30 million already employees to contribute to political cam­ have been spent by the tire industry and paigns by payroll deduction. Now, Atlantic the bill back to the House with a recom­ the government, with very little to show Richfield and other companies have launched mendation that the enacting clause be for it. The pending legislation calls for man­ a different type of political action program, stricken.• ufacturers to grade treadwear, traction and designed to inform current and retired em­ heat resistance of tires with a combination ployees, stockholders, customers, suppliers of letters, numbers and symbols which offer and other potential allies · about political is­ 1,500 combinations. sues and proposed legislation that will af­ USPHS CELEBRATES 18DTH Can you believe that's supposed to make it fect them. They are presented with the ANNIVERSARY easier for us to buy the right tire? The in­ pros and cons on the issues, urged to make dustry says there is no evidence that the up their own minds and then to communi­ grading standards would help consumers be­ cate their views to their legislators. ARCO HON. PAUL G. ROGERS cause the proposed system ls based on inade­ ls doing this effectively by establishing civic OF FLORIDA quate knowledge of the type of tire informa­ action committees at the local plant and tion a consumer needs. Therefore, the infor­ otfice level. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mation a tire buyer would get clearly isn't Another important step you and your com­ Wednesday, September 13, 1978 worth the $150 to $200 million the system pany can take is to support proposed "sun­ would cost. set" legislation which would require federal • Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, today, we An independent agency set up by Congress regulatory programs to be rejustified totally face tough choices in setting national to monitor the effects of government regu­ every five years. The results could be priorities for allocation of money, man­ lation claims this case "illustrates how the dramatic. power, technology, and other resources. regulatory system can break down." And the G-strings are with us everywhere. They On the health front, particularly, we impasse continues. Meanwhile, the really im­ aren't about to disappear. By being alert portant matter of setting adequate tire to them and doing something about them, are confronted by great challenges. safety standards has long since been handled you can help protect your markets, your True: We have made advancements in cooperatively by the industry and govern­ products, your communlcations--and even health over the years: ment. your job. In combating (and in some cases, elim­ The last few years have witnessed an ex­ Remember, these ever-increasing strings inating) such diseases as polio, cholera, plosion in the scope and pervasiveness of are going to get you if you don't watch out. yellow fever, smallpox, and other dis­ federal regulation. A growing number of Thank you.e eases; highly questionable regulations are appear­ In ing. improving the quality and accessi­ What does this all mean to us? Very sim­ bility of health care Marine Hospital Service functioned as a actively entered the burgeoning field cf bio­ and around the world~ and combats the loosely knit collection of hospitals extending medical research. In 1887, a PlIS officer whole range of illnesses and diseases that from the Eastern Seaboard to Hawaii. But on and student of the great German bacteriolo­ threaten mankind. June 29, 1870, President Grant signed into gist Robert Koch establish~d a one-room Recently, the servfoe celebrated its law a piece of legislation that transformed hygiene laboratory at the Marine Hospital 180th anniversary. the Marine Hospital Service into a truly on Staten Island. Dr. Joseph James Kin­ During a ceremony at the National In­ national health agency with the capacity to youn thus established what has today stitutes of Health, the Surgeon General evolve into the modern Public Health Serv­ grown into the world's leading tn.c;titutton ice. It authorized the post of Supervising for the conduct and support of health re­ of the Public Health Service and Assist­ Surgeon and paved the way for the appoint­ search-the National Institutes of Health. ant Secretary of Health of the Depart­ ment of Dr. John Maynard Woodworth, the During this period, the roster of PHS ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, first individual to have responsib111ty for a officers and their contribution~ to scientific Dr. Julius B. Richmond, presented the national marine hospital and public health knowledge and improved health is a virtual following address which I feel deserves agency for the United States. Who's Who in health. Among them- the attention of my colleagues: Dr. Woodworth's efforts, as well as new Dr. Henry Rose·carter who formulated the HIGHLIGHTS OF THE 180 YEARS regulations governing the appointment and concept of an extrinsic host for the yellow fever pathogen and then paved the way for (By Julius B. Richmond, M.D.) promotion of physicians in the Marine Hos­ pital Service, led to the establishment in Walter Reeds successful identification of the There are many ways in which I could try 1889 of the Commissioned Corps. In 1930 the mosquito vector for the disease. to highlight the 180-year history of the Corps was first permitted to hire engineers Dr. Joseph Goldberger a pioneer epidemi­ Public Health Service. But nothing I might and dentists, a.nd in 1944 this authority was ologist who demonstrated that pellagra was say in the next few minutes could begin to expanded to include research scientists, not a contageon, but a nutritional disease. do justice to the history of this organization nurses, and many other health professionals. Dr. Wade Hampton Frost an early in­ or to the men and women who have made The history of the Service-especially with­ vestigator of poliomyelitis and the man who it the most outstanding public health in the last hundred years-reflects the great established the Public Health Service as a agency in the world. changes brought about by the rapid growth national leader in research on water When I learned much to my pleasure that in scientific and biomedical knowledge. Even pollution. every living former Surgeon General of the in its earliest years, the Marine Hospital At the risk of glossing too ll€'htly over Public Health Service would be with us Service was a pioneer in the application of our more recent history, the Service, as you today to join in this celebration, I thought-­ vaccination for the control of smau pox. know, has emerged in the twentieth cen­ how can I presume to review a history that And the Congress enacted many short-term tury as a potent force for improved health these men literally helped to write. But then laws authorizing Marine Hospital Service knowledge and status. Look, by way o.f 111us­ it occurred to me that they too walked in officers to aid communities stricken With tration, at the dramatic change that has the footsteps of giants-such mustrious Sur­ chlorea and yellow fever. occurred in the last 75 years in the impact geons General as John Maynard Woodworth, But the summer of 1878 witnessed the most of four major causes of death: Walter Wyman, Rupert Blue, and Thomas In 1900, tuberculosis claimed nearly 200 Parran, and a roster of br111iant Public Health severe a.nd widespread epidemic of yellow fever in the Nation's history. And the re­ lives for every 100,000 population. In 1976 Service officers-physicians, dentists, scien­ the TB death rate was 1.5 per 100,000. In the tists, nurses, and engineers-whose contri­ sponse to that disaster prompted a funda­ mental change in national attitudes toward same reriod, the death rate for influenza and butions to American and world health have pneumonia fell from 202 to fewer than 29 been nothing short of miraculous. the role of government in protecting the pub­ lic h~alth and in the direction the Service per 100,000. The history of the Public Health Service would take in response to that attitude. But on the other side of the ledger, the officially begins with President John Adams' Somewhere between 20,000 and 100,000 peo­ death rate from cancer which stood at 64 approval of an Act "for the relief of sick ple died when yellow fever was carried from per 100,000 in 1950 was 175, and the death and disabled seamen." The date was July 16, New Orleans to Pittsburgh by the crewmen rate f'or cardiovascular disease had climbed 1798. of a Mississippi River towboat. The Nation's from 137 per 100,000 in 1900 to 337 in 1976. But, of course, that legislation did not quarantine laws were still the exclusive prov­ Clearly the Public Health Service had helped emerge suddenly out of a vacuum. The no­ ince of State and local governments. But in score tremendous gains against the major tion that health care and disease prevention the year of the yellow fever epidemic, con­ disea.~ associated with contageon, poor were community and even national responsi­ gress moved to give the Marine Hospital sanitation, and lack of decent living condi­ bilities was widely recognized, as was the Service a measure of responsibility on a tions. But these victories brought in their idea that medical care for merchant seamen uniform, national scale. wake a rise in the chronic diseases on an could be financed by government through The first National Quarantine Act author­ aging and more amuent population--diseases a collection of a small tax on the wages of ized the Service to develop quarantine laws associated with lifestyle and environmental the seamen themselves. for ports that lacked effective control meas­ factors, the health problems against which HMOs and national health insurance are ures. But the response to the great epidemics so much of our energies and resources a.re not such novel ideas after all. of the late 1800's also demonstrated the value directed today. It was in this tavern-the Bunch of of a national health org-anization that COlfld With the role of the Service in research, Grapes-members of the Marine Society of speed assistance to localities that needed it. disease control, support of State and local Boston conceived the idea that the Congress When plague was reported in San Francisco health programs, and direct care of statutory might impose a tax on seamen to provide' for in the early nart of this century, the Public beneficiaries well established, Surgeon Gen­ the construction of a marine hosp! tal in Health and Marine Hospital Service-its new eral Thomas Parran was able to outline a Boston Harbor. Their proposal was submitted and cumbersome name a reflection of its in­ broad, national public health mission for the to the U.S. congress in 1791, and this hos­ creased resnonsibilitv-was able to dispatch Service. Dr. Parran, who had skillfully di­ pital was constructed and ready for occu­ personnel and s110nlies to t.he a't'ea. rected the PHS throughout the Depression pancy in 1803. It was the first permanent With Surgeon General Walter Wyman guid­ years and World war II, when the Service hospital of the Marine Hospital Service, ing a Federal aP-encv havin«" snbc:;t.antially spearheaded efforts to cuntrol TB, malaria, predecessor of the Public Health Service. au.gmented ca.Pab111t.ies. this PHS Physician, and venereal diseases, envisioned a six-point It is interesting in the light of recent de­ Dr. Ruper Blue earned lasting fame as the health program for the Nation: velopments to note that the tax on merchant conqueror of the wor.!'t n1ague outbreak in A sanitary environment for everyone; seamen to cover the cost of building hospi­ 011r history. He succeeded Wvma.n as Su't'geon A hospital system adequate for the provi­ tals, providing staff, and delivering medical General and is the onlv pe,.son-so fa.'t' at si'On of complete medical services for all; care was twenty cents per month. Of course, lea.st.-ever to ~erve as both S11r.geon General Expanded public health services in every there was such a thing as inflation in the of the Public Health Service and President of part of the country; cost of health care even then. A few decades the American Medical Association. Augmented research in health and medi­ later, the levy was raised to forty cents a I ca.n't resist ma.kino: one observation cal sciences: month, a:nd even at that impressive rate the a.bout Surgeon General Wyman. It was dur­ Training of health and medical personnel Marine Hospital Service was chronically op­ ino: his tenure as Surgeon General-1891 to in adequate numbers; and erating in the red. In Fiscal Year 1861, when 1911-that the child health movement in A national medical care program. the Marine Hospital Service operated some this country was founded. There was con­ Dr. Parran offered this proposal nearly 35 27 hospitals at ports and inland waterways, siderable interest in establishlmr a maternal years a.go. With only slight modification it the Marine Hospital Fund collected $10,- and child health program within the Pub­ could stand as our present charter and our 391.24. But its expenses were a whopping lic Health Service. But that wa.c;: not to be. mission for the future. $41,030.32, and the Secretary of the Treas­ Dr. Wyman, you see, was a bachelor. It's In a sense, it might be said that the role ury, Solomon P. Chase, promptly set about intriguing to speculate about how actively of the Public Health Service has come full to reduce this staggering drain on the Fed­ the Service might have engaged in N and circle. One hundred eighty years ago, this eral coffers. I'm not sure how successful CH activities had Dr. Wyman been a family organization was founded on the idea that a Secretary Chase was, but by 1864 the num- man. system of health insurance for merchant September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29349 seamen would be in the public interest, that the formation of new ones. It is a dis­ RECORD, as a further demonstration of it would help serve the needs of a nation grace that administrative agencies are this support. that recognized the economic, as well as the humanitarian, importance of health. tripping over each other's feet while the The organizations signing the letters We are building today for a vastly more interests of participants and bene­ included in today's remarks are: The comprehensive and more universal form of ficiaries are neglected. This situation American Retail Federation, an um­ national health insurance along lines envi­ must not be allowed to continue. brella organization of retail organiza­ sioned by Surgeon General Parran and many The President's Commission should tions in every State; the National Retail others. examine the administration of ERISA Merchants Association, whose 3,500 But the guiding concept is fundamentally and the benefits that a consolidated members operate some 35,000 general the same. single agency would bring to fulfilling merchandise retail stores across the I can do no better than to underscore what Dr. Parran wrote in his annual report for the promises of ERISA. country; the Western Traffic Confer­ 1944, the report that included his six-point A second area in need of study is the ence, Inc., whose members operate in ex­ program: lack of a single national policy relating cess of 4,200 stores in the Pacific­ "The United States possess the potential to Government plans. These plans were ir.termountain territory; the American resources with which to insure to every citi­ exempted from ERISA because not Farm Bureau; the Airport Operators zen the maximum benefit from all that the enough was known about them. Yet, by Council International, representing the life-saving sciences have to offer. Public some estimates over $500 billion of un­ governmental units which own and op­ Health means the sum total of individual funded liabilities have been accrued in erate airports served by scheduled air­ health. Only by considering the needs of the individual, the local community, and the the form of promised pension benefits. In lines, and the United Airlines. State can we arrive at a program adequate light of this staggering sum, the need for The letters follow: in scope and content for the Nation as a. reform is obvious. AMERICAN RETAIL FEDERATION, whole.''e The Pension Task Force report on Washington, D.C., August 9, 1978. public employee retirement systems Hon. GLENN M. ANDERSON, provides the information that is needed Chairman, Subcommittee on Aviation, Com­ to go ahead in this vital area. The Presi­ mittee on Public Works and Transpor­ SUPPORT FOR PRESIDENTIAL COM­ tation, Rayburn House Office Building, MISSION ON PENSION POLieY dent's Commission should closely ex­ Washington, D .C. amine the Task Force report, any legisla­ DEAR MR . CHAIRMAN: The American Re­ tion based on it, and all other available tail Federation would like to take this op­ HON. JOHN H. DENT information on these plans, and submit portunity to urge the earliest possible floor OF PENNSYLVANIA recommendations on coverage for public consideration of H.R. 12611, the Air Service Improvement Act. The Federation has closely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES employee retirement systems. It cannot be stated too strongly that followed the progress of this legislation and Wednesday, September 13, 1978 has great interest in seeing liberalized entry participants in public plans need many provisions become part of the law. • Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, I rise in sup­ of the protections afforded participants The American Retail Federation is an um­ port of House Concurrent Resolution 710. in private plans under ERISA. Reporting brella organization consisting of 32 national As a cosponsor of this resolution, I would and disclosure requirements and fidu­ retail associations, 50 state retail associa­ like to join the distinguished chairman ciary standards for public plans should tions and the District of Columbia, and cor­ of the Subcommittee on Retirement In­ both be important items on the Com­ porate members. come and Employment, FRED B. ROONEY, mission's agenda. Flexible entry is a matter of concern to all our members. in expressing congressional support for Mr. Speaker, if the Commission Sincerely, the work on the Presidential Commission achieves the objectives outlined by Pres­ LLOYD HACKLER. on Pension Policy. ident Carter on July 12, 1978, a frame­ The creation of this Commission is a work for the establishment of a compre­ NATIONAL RETAIL timely act on the part of the President. hensive, coordinated national pension MERCHANTS AsSOCIATION, The issues the Commission will be ad­ policy will have been created. Such a Washington, D.C., August 8, 1978. dressing are of paramount importance to policy would represent a tremendous ad­ Hon. GLENN M. ANDERSON, vance, not only in providing retirement Chairman, House Aviation Subcommittee, the welfare of the Nation. As an increas­ U.S. House of Representatives, Washing­ ing percent of the population becomes security for all Americans, but in pro­ ton, D.C. over 65 years of age, the need for a co­ moting fiscal responsibility over pension DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I a writing on be­ herent, unified national pension policy costs. half of the National Retail Merchants Asso­ becomes greater. By the year 2035, 21.7 Both of these goals are growing in ciation to reiterate our support for H.R percent of our population will fall into importance each day. I urge my col­ 12611, the Airline Regulatory Reform Act. this category. leagues to join me in supporting this As a member of the Ad Hoc Committee on Airline Regulatory Reform, NRMA is on rec­ A retirement commission of an earlier resolution as a first step in creating a ord in support of increased competition in time leads us to place high hopes on the national pension policy.• the airline industry. We believe that H.R. work of this new commission. The find­ 12611 is an essential step toward that goal. ings of that commission, established by As an industry whose livelihood is based President Kennedy, led to the enactment on competition, we urge speedy and favor­ of the Employee Retirement Income AVIATION REGULATORY REFORM able consideration of this vital legislation by GAINS SUPPORT the full House of Representatives. Security Act on Labor Day in 1974. Under By way of background, NRMA is a nation­ this act, millions of American workers al, nonprofit trade association whose 3,500 and their families enjoy the security of HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON members operate some 35,000 general mer­ Government guarantee of pension bene­ OF CALIFORNIA chandise retail stores across the country. fits and full disclosure of their rights and Our members• annual sales exceed $95 bil­ obligations under the plans in which they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lion and they employ more than 2 million participate. Wednesday, September 13, 1978 workers. Thank you for your consideration of our As great as the accomplishments em­ e Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. comments. bodied in ERISA are, it remains that Speaker, H.R. 12611, the aviation regu­ Sincerely, much more needs to be done. As chair­ latory reform bill, will soon be consid­ VERRICK Q. FRENCH, man of the Pension Task Force, there are ered by the House. This bill reforms the Vice President, Governmental Affairs. several issues that I particularl~r would regulatory system governing airlines to like to see addressed by the Commission: insure that the airlines continue to com­ WESTERN TRAFFIC CONFERENCE, !NC., ERISA itself continues to suffer under pete as they have in recent months. The Seattle, Wash., August 3, 1978. a burden of split jurisdiction that threat­ low fares which have resulted from this Hon. GLENN ANDE'RSON, competition have led to record levels of Rayburn House Office Building, ens to discredit the reforms accomplished Washington, D.C. by the•act. No redefinition or reorganiza­ travel. DEAR MR. ANDERSON: Western Traffic Con­ tion of responsibilities under the act is As I indicated in my remarks of Au­ ference, Inc. wishes to again go on record going to eliminate all of the ..innecessary gust 9, H.R. 12611 is supported by a of being in support of HR 12611. redtape and confusion that presently widespread coalition. Today I am plac­ We have previously written and wired your frustrates existing plans and discourages ing several additional letters in the office of our support of deregulation o! the 29350 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 domestic airline industry, especially as it means ror assuring the Amencan publ1c or a problems no longer were subject to rational pertains to entry of new carriers, and wish continuing supply of high quality and rea­ analysis and balanced solutions. We had a to let you know of our continued support of sonably priced air transportation is to place moral imperative to eradicate that sin, what­ your efforts in this matter. greater reliance on the forces of the market­ ever the cost. Very truly yours, place. The marketplace, not a government With puritanical fervor, Congress and the ROBERT G. GLEASON, agency, can best provide the influences on state legislatures embarked upon a program Secretary-Treasurer. airline management that will bring eco­ of social control. In less than five years, they nomical and efficient service to the public succeeded in regulating virtually every as­ AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION, while fostering growth and prosperity of the pect of American life. In the process, we have Washington, D.C., August 8, 1978. carriers. mortgaged our future, and the payments are Re: H.R. 12611. Airline Regulatory Reform H.R. 12611 is good legislation. It will becoming increasingly difficult to meet. Hon. GLENN M. ANDERSON. strengthen the nation's air-transportation I am sure we can afford the $5 b11lion an­ United States House of Representatives, system, increase competition and keep fares nual payroll of regulatory agencies. I even Washington, D.C. reasonable for the travel1ng publ1c. think our economy is strong enough to with­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN ANDERSON: With the I appreciate whatever support you can give stand the hundreds of billions of dollars limited number of days left for this session in the passage of this most important piece businesses are paying out in an attempt to of the Congress, we are concerned that H.R. of legislation. meet social control regulations. What really 12611 has not moved forward to the floor Sincerely, concerns me is the disastrous impact the for action during this session. J. H. BRANNEN, social control regulations ar~ having on this As you know, Farm Bureau has been a Special Assistant to the President.e nation's highest priority programs-energy, strong supporter of legislation to bring about inflation control, employment--and, most meaningful regulatory reform of the airline important of all, our willingness and ability industry. We believe H.R. 12611 is a mean­ to invest in the future. ingful reform measure, and we would hope These are problems which have reached RETHINKING OUR NATIONAL crisis proportions. Even so, our government that you would use your influence to move PRIORITIES this bill forward without further delay. rigorously enforces social control regulations Sincerely, that threaten to turn these crises into na­ JOHN c. DA'lT, HON. BOB WILSON tional disasters. Director, Washington Office. Consider energy. The Arab embargo made OF CALIFORNIA it clear that we must develop alternate AIRPORT OPERATORS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sources of energy-and we must do it quickly. Much attention was focussed upon COUNCIL INTERNATIONAL, Wednesday, September 13, 1978 August 8, 1978. three promising sources-nuclear energy, Re H.R. 12611, Air Transportation Regula­ • Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, over solar energy, and shale oil . tory Reform Act of 1978. the past several years I have given much Five years later, though we are not signi­ Hon. GLENN M. ANDERSON, thought to the directions taken by our ficantly farther along in developing these Chairman, Subcommittee on Aviation,· Com­ alternate sources. And the primary culprit Government at the Federal, State, and has been the bewildering maze of regulations mittee on Public Works and Transporta­ It tion, U.S. House of Representatives, local levels. appears to me that this tenaciously enforced by agencies at the fed­ Washington, D.C. country is in real danger of regulating eral, state, and local levels. DEAR Ma. CHAIRMAN: This week, H.R. 12611, itself out of business, out of energy, out This year, the California Public Utilities Air Transportation Regulatory Reform Act of jobs, and out of a promising future. Commission finally disapproved the Sun of 1978, will come before the House Rules As a result of overregulation, we may Desert nuclear project, despite the fact that Committee. The Airport Operators Council well be the cleanest and safest country it was to be located in the desert, far from International (AOCI), representing the gov­ any city, and despite the fact the San Diego ever to go to the poorhouse-and, un­ Gas & Electric had spent millions to insure ernmental units wnich own and operate air­ fortunately, the poorhouse will be poorly ports served by the scheduled airlines, urges the plant would be fall-safe. early House floor approval of this historic heated and badly lighted. If present Hence, there will be no new nuclear power legislation. trends continue, however, we can depend in California, after current projects are com­ AOCI has monitored very closely the Pub­ on a highly regulated social order over­ pleted, until at least 1990. To meet the ur­ lic Works Committee's markup on this bill to seen by a disorganized bureaucracy. gent power needs of the San Diego area in the reform Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) regu­ Mr. Speaker, Dr. George E. Mueller, 1980s, the PUC offered only one alternative: lation of the airlines and we support the chairman and president of System De­ Buy 800 megawatts of power from Mexico. comprehensive but cautious approach finally In the face of our national goal of energy velopment Corp., recently addressed the independence then, the PUC proposes to rely developed in H.R. 12611. Our airport members Commonwealth Club of San Francisco. believe this legislation provides a balanced on the goodwill of Mexican authorities for range of moderate reforms designed to fa­ His analysis of the effects of rampant San Diego's power needs. cilitate new and improved community air and self-defeating overregulation at all Solar energy development has been simi­ service, to speed up CAB decisions and to levels of government should be required larly hamstrung. Even as the Department of establish necessary safeguards for a smooth reading for every person in government. Energy is spending millions to stimulate the transition to a more competitive environ­ Dr. Mueller's speech is as follows: industry, regulatory agencies are taking ac­ tions to depress it. One solar panel manu­ ment. RETHINKING OUR NATIONAL PRIORITIES This legislation has been greatly modified facturer described the situation well when In the 1970s, Americans have made a ra~:U­ he announced he was going out of the since its original introduction. In its present cal change in national goals. Just 10 years form, the Committee bill can not be con­ business. ago, we were expanding building for the fu­ "Multiple and conflicting product per­ strued as "deregulation," a concept which ture, and the space program was an impor­ could have threatened the stability of air­ formance criteria and warranty requirements port facilities and their capital financing. It tant fulcrum. are either being imposed or recommended by In 1968, we could say-and I did say, just about every local, state, and federal gov­ now has evolved into a progressive legislative "What we are buying with our investment in mechanism for modernization of the process ernment agency. This makes it virtually im­ technology are the new products, new proc­ possible for a. manufacturer to forcast the by which communities receive air service, esses, new companies, and, in fact, new in­ "regulatory reform" of the Civil Aeronautics ground rules and eventual economic outcome dustries which will provide the jobs that of its solar program." Board, which-viewed from the perspective must be created if we are to solve the long of the local governmental airport sponsor­ term needs of our society. We must press Shale oil production Ls an even sadder is long overdue. forward." story, because of the billions of barrels of Incredibly, we did not press forward. oil that lie untapped. we have adequate UNITED AIRLINES, Though the vast opportunities of a con­ technology to tap these reserves, but the September 6, 1978. tinued investment in technology were there shal-. oil industry has been stopped cold by Hon. GLENN M. ANDERSON, for all to see, we abruptly changed our na­ continual changes in policy. H1Juse of Representatives, House Office Build­ tional priorities. We sharply curtailed fed­ One oil shale company has been enmired ing, Washington, D.C. eral investment in needed research and de­ in the shifting sands of the regulatory en­ DEAR Ma. ANDERSON: The Air Service Im­ velopment, and embarked upon a mammoth vironment for 8 years now-at the cost to provement Act of 1978 (H.R. 12611) reported program of social control legislation that the company of some $70 million. First, there out by the Committee on Public Works and effectively curtailed private industry's in­ was the· National Environmental Policy Act Transportation is expected to be considered vestment. and its requirements for environmental im­ on the floor of the House at an early date. Even as we were landing on the moon, we pact assessments. Incredibly, 20 volumes of I strongly urge your support of this change abruptly turned our backs on the enormous detailed reports and analyses were required, to the Federal Aviation Act to reduce the vistas of space. We had detected sin here on costing the company $2.5 million and years degree of government regulation of the U.S. earth. We had known for some time that our of delay, during which time construction passenger airline industry. I feel the best society had problems, but suddenly these costs doubled. September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29351

Then, there was the Clean Air Act of 1970. rules were too vague to be enforceable, I am ricans, but help the white African in­ Although the law's standards were designed sure the ruling will be appealed. The agency terests as well. for urban areas, the EPA applied them to seems intent on forcing the closure of that determine the appropriate air quality for plant, even though this would cost some I have recently come into possession protection of health and welfare in the 25,000 jobs in an already high unemploy­ of an article printed in the New York mountains of Colorado. Unfortunately, the ment area. Law Journal, by Bernard Katzen, now wilderness of Colorado already was in viola­ Other regulators are effectively blocking a representative of the Government of tion of Federal emission standards. Hydro­ new plants, as they did when Dow Chemical Transkei in our country, and a distin­ carbon limits are exceeded by the sagebrush; proposed to bUild a plant in Sacramento, CA. guished attorney in New York City, ozone limits are exceeded by the sunshine; There is no petrochemical industry on the which sets forth some background ma­ and particulate levels are exceeded by desert West Coast, and that almost completely non­ terial I think is essential to understand sand blown in the wind. Under the terms of polluting plant would have created a large the Act, no faciUty, however non-polluting, number of jobs. Even so, all the delays and the paths of foolishness in which we are can be built in an area. that already violates costs imposed by various regulatory agencies presently proceeding in our relations national standards. Even if the regulators finally forced Dow to abandon the project. with the countries of Africa. wanted to exempt this area, no one was sure Not only are regulatory agencies wiping [From the New York Law Journal, the exemption would withstand a court chal­ out jobs by closing plants, then, they are July 14, 1978) lenge. preventing these jobs from being replaced LEGAL QUALIFICATIONS MET FOR SOVEREIGNTY Then, Colorado' issued a set of standards by new plants. Moreover, only 50 percent of OF TRANSKEI even more restrictive than the EPA stand­ our capital investment is going for expan­ ards. The state standards were later relieved, sion. The other 50 percent must be spent for (By Bernard Katzen) but it is clear that a state may at any time non-productive equipment mandated by On Oct. 26, 1976, a new nation, the Repub­ enact regulations that can effectively halt a these same agencies. lic of Transkei, was born and as a sovereign bill1on-dollar project. Capital expansion will not take place with­ state declared its independence from South Today, 8 years later, the company still has out the possib111ty of reasonable return, and Africa. On that day the United Nations As­ not started construction. It may well be 1980 capital expansion is essential to the free sembly voted 138 to O (U.S. abstaining) to before the EPA and the State agencies issue enterprise system that has built this nation. deny it recognition, although Transkei had or deny the necessary permits. Meanwhile, Ironically, the depressant effect that social not yet applied for membership. the price of foreign oil rises inexorably, wor­ control legislation has on productive invest­ The U.N.'s action was not as precipitous sening our sorry trade deficit and leading us ment threatens the very social goals its as might have appeared. The anti-Transkei back to double-digit inflation. We can't architects were pursuing. It does so because cauldron had been bo111ng for some time. It blame all of our inflation on the Arabs, of it threatens our economic stab11ity and, had brewed with a mix of anti-South African course. Other factors are involved, not the hence, our entire way of life. ingredients: apartheidism, discrimination, least of which is over-regulation. It has been clear for some time now that racial inequality, but also included some When costs are ignored, and the focus of this country has conflicting goals that can­ myopic societal perceptions, politics and public policy is solely on the benefits, it is not all be met. We must choose, and we must economics. almost inevitable that regulation will feed set real national priorities. I happen to think QUESTIONS OF RIGHTS the inflationary spiral for no useful purpose. that investing in the future is as important Out of the distillation of this concoction The Center for the Study of American Busi­ today as it was in 1968. We have lost a dec­ and the U.N.'s resultant disposition, some ness estimated recently that the cost imposed ade, though, and we must move quickly and troublesome questions remained unanswered. on American business by federal regulations decisively. The time is short.e What of the rights of 3 million Transkeians in 1976 totalled at least $65.5 billion. That's who for many years had sought independence almost double the cost of the entire manned from British colonialism, and the discrimi­ space program. natory practices of its successors, the Union Although some of those expenditures were LEGAL QUALIFICATIONS MET FOR of South Africa and the Republic of South useful, a large portion of this inflationary Africa? What of the hopes and aspirations spending was completely non-productive. For SOVEREIGNTY OF TRANSKEI of a new unified nation ideologically anti­ example, it now appears that the $3 billion Lenintst-Marxist constituted, a nation west­ spent each yea.r to meet OSHA requirements ern oriented and committed to the demo­ has not reduced accident levels at all. Apply­ HON. JOHN W. WYDLER cratic ethic expressed in the preamble to its ing the cost-benefit test to the EPA yields constitution? even more questionable results. The Council OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "A Republic wherein its citizens and all on Wage and Price StabiUty has pointed out others who dwell lawfully within its borders that meeting the 1977 water-discharge stand­ Wednesday, September 13, 1978 are assured of social, political and economic ards wm have resulted in a 97.3 percent re­ justice, freedom of speech, assembly and duction of water pollutants. Meeting the • Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, the so­ worship, and unimpeded access to and equal­ 1983 standards will result in only a 1.7 per­ called African policy of the Carter ad­ ity before the law." cent additional reduction, yet the cost to in­ ministration is one that is making a What a nation dedicated to providing for dustry will double. shambles of our position on the African its people a newly found opportunity to The only way for industry to cover these continent. achieve intellectual, cultural and economic costs is to pass them on to consumers. This fulfillment, the tn1e indicia of a democratic often hurts our competitive position in the Apparently, at the insistence of United society? - world marketplace; it always feeds inflation. Nations Ambassador Young, our policy The Council on Environmental Quality es­ consists of trying to work with certain STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE timated that private outlays for pollution black leaders of African nations and, in In the bitter controversy surrounding control in 1976 were $6.5 billion higher than eft'ect, following their leadership. This South Africa's apartheid homelands policy, would have been the case in the absence of one shou1d consider the historic struggle of EPA requirements. Since the EPA concedes policy, of course, presupposes that what the people of Transkei for independence. that its regulations add at least 0.3 percent to is good for these black African countries Long before an apartheid policy was con­ the rate of inflation, the total $65.5 billion is good for the United States of Amer­ ceived, long before the Boers and British in­ cost of all regulation may well result in a ica. The results have been bad to date, vaded Transkei territory, the Xhosas, Them­ built-in inflation of at least 3 percent. and getting worse with each passing day bus, Pondos, Fingos and amliated tribes and Much of our inflation is caused by our as we realize that Africa is being sub­ sub-tribes of the Nguni and South Sotho had commitment to full employment, of course, verted by armed force, and we are, of migrated to the Southeast coast of Africa and the Administration is striving to reduce course, mere spectators to this steady away from internecine tribal wars. unemployment. Again, however, the regula­ takeover. They had settled in the lush, fertile fields tors don't seem to have gotten the message. of 'l;'ranskei territory, presently an area of Their regulations are closing plants and One facet of this policy has been, of about 17,000 square miles, larger than Bel­ throwing thousands out of work. For exam­ course, the U.S. Goverment's attitude gium, Switzerlan<:l or twenty other UN na­ ple, the Kaiser Steel plant in the Los An­ toward the Republic of Transkei. tions, and unlike some which are land­ geles basin has spent some $20 million to This nation is now a sovereign state locked, with a coastline of 170 miles on the control emissions from its 35-year-old coke whether we wish to recognize it or not. Indian Ocean. Continually repulsing Boer ovens. As a result, emissions from the plant The fact of the matter is that it has been invasion, they opted for the protection of now represent only about 0.02 percent of British colonialism but never ceased to strive the dally emission of particulates in the area. declared independent and is an inde­ for liberation and independence. pendent country. Regardless of the mo­ Although further reduction would appear By virtue of a series of parliamentary en­ to have negligible effect on ambient air tives of the South African Government, actments. Transkei was annexed by the quality, local regulators are rigidly enforcing it seems foolish to refuse to recognize a Union o! South Africa and subsequently in­ a rule forbidding emissions from the oven country run and controlled by black corporated into the Republic of South Africa, doors into which coal is loaded and coke is Africans on the ground that such recog­ over Transkei's strenuous protests. By re­ extracted. Although the courts held that the nition would not only help the black Af- lentless pressure and without the tactics of 29352 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 guerrma bloodshed, Transkei achieved a able to defend ourselves against known By the mid-Seventies, the Army Chemical semi-autonomous status, with its own leg­ Soviet capabilities in that field. Soviet Corps was almost disbanded, and the ab111ty islative assembly and control of various de­ equipment, personnel, production, and of U.S. forces to conduct operations in a partments of government: finance, educa­ chemical environment decreased to the point tion, interior, agriculture and health. research are just greater than all our where the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of When at last independence was total, efforts by several times. Although many Staff, General George Brown, said in Janu­ Transkei met all of the legal qualifications of our personnel have some responsibili­ ary 1978 that United States forces were "not for sovereignty: ty for chemical warfare, there are still prepared" to fight tn a. chemical warfare 1. A specific territory with defined borders; only four colonels with sole chemical environment. 2. A stable population with adequate con­ warfare duties in the Army. We also Coincident with the decline in U.S. interest trols; 3. The freedom and capacity to engage have one brigadier general with 50 a.nd capab111ty, the Soviets moved in the op­ in relations with other foreign governments. percent of his duties relating to chemical posite direction, not only improving their Prime Minister of Transkei, Dr. K. D. Ma­ weapons, but significantly upgrading the rel­ tanzima, summed up the nature of Trans­ warfare. The Soviet forces start with Col. ative importance of CW in their overall pos­ kei's independence with crystal clarity when Gen. Vladimir Karpovich Pikalov, as ture as well. he declared "The independence of Transkei Chief of Chemical Troops, in Moscow. These trends have reached a point where is a manifestation and culmination of the His Deputy Chief is Lt. Gen. P. Krasota. now, among all comparisons of U.S.-Soviet struggle by the indigenous people of the In the field, a Maj. Gen. N. Moiseyev is capab111ties, one of the most lopsided is in Transkeian territory for liberation and in­ Chief of Chemical Troops for Soviet chemical warfare. In this area, the Soviets' dependence." Forces in Germany. At a typical unit superiority over the United States is assessed PUPPET STATE? level in Germany, a Major Baklushin is not by mere fatcors of two or three, but, Opponents of recognition argue that Chief of the Chemical Service. Further, more often than not, by two or three orders Transkei is a puppet state created solely in of magnitude. This is believed to apply al­ pursuance of South Africa's apartheid pol­ the Soviet Chemical Defense Battalion most uniformly to munitions stockpiles, icy-deprives Transkeians living outside its assigned to each Soviet division is al­ testing fac111ties, training activities, equip­ borders in South Africa of 'their rights­ most as large as the total U.S. Army ment, qualified perso.nnel, and force struc­ fragments the totality of efforts in the fight establishment, which amounts to three tures. While the U.S. attitude a.bout this against apartheidism-is not economically teams. Therefore, I was pleased to read facet of preparedness is characterized by viable. the August Washington Report of the widespread apathy and repugnance, the So­ If fact could dispel myth, if logic could American Security Council highlighting viet attitude is one of serious attention to a overcome emotion, the clouds of misconcep­ this grave problem. The report, in part, warflghting capa.b111ty and readiness. tion in this reasoning would readily evapo­ follows: It may be debated whether the expansion rate. As a sovereign nation, by policy, pub­ of the Soviet CW program resulted from such licly proclaimed Transkei has denounced THE CHEMICAL WARFARE PROBLEM developments a.s "more tolerable" protective apartheidism and discrimination in South (By Amoretta M. Hoeber and clothing and equipment and an antidote Africa and has asserted adversary contract Joseph D. Douglass, Jr.) that enables ground troops to better exploit and land claims, not possible before inde­ (NoTE.-Amoretta Roeber and Joseph their chemical weapons, or merely reflects pendence. Douglass are members of the technical staff their seizing upon the opportunity to capi­ In a dramatic development on April 10 of System Planning Corporation, a defense talize on the U.S. decline in CW activities. last, the South Africa Parliamentary action think tank in the suburbs of Washington, What is clear, however, is that the Soviets in transferring jurisdiction of East Griqua­ D.C. have a vastly superior chemical warfare ca­ land from the Cape Province to Natal was (The article below deals with a subject pab111ty, and that the main and significant sharply denounced by Prime Minister Matan­ which has been largely ignored, by both adva.ntage of chemical warfare emerges in zima. This was the land to which Transkei policymakers and the general public. It de­ such a condition of asymmetry. had asserted claims. As a consequence, serves attention. To the average American While this state of affairs is now recog­ Transkei severed diplomatic relations with the very thought of chemical warfare is re­ nized by some people at the highest levels in the Republic of South Africa, recalled its pugnant. But the reality which must be the Armed Services, and while some actions Ambassador and Consuls and advised the faced is that U.S. and NATO forces are un­ have been initiated to improve our prepared­ Ambassador of the Republic of South Africa prepared to deal with a sophisticated chemi­ ness, the U.S. chemical warfare program is and his staff to leave Transkei on or before cal warfare threat from the Warsaw Pact. still grossly inadequate and will probably April 30, 1978. And that is an intolerable situation. remain so unless it is nurtured and guided To hold 3 m1111on people now living in (You will find the analysis of this sensi­ by urgent high-level support. The prospects freedom hostage until the day that discrimi­ tive subject by Haeber and Douglass enlight­ for improvement, however, are marred by a nation is eliminated and a nonracial society ening but not comforting.-Editor.) severe sense of paranoia about chemical prevails throughout South Africa, is irra­ Over the past decade the Soviets have con· weapons in certain circles, by a lack of co­ tional, even indefensible. Far from fragment­ tinued to increase steadily their capab111ty ordina. tion and direction within the Depart­ ing efforts to achieve those goals, Transkei to conduct war at all levels. Soviet increases ment of Defense, and by a widely held belief . ls a most articulate and significant protag­ in the strategic arena are well-documented that the only politically acceptable "solu­ onist in this engagement. a.nd have received the most attention. Their tion" is an arms control agreement aimed at As to economic viab111ty, Transkei is wit­ increaees in military manpower and tactical erasing the problem. The dangers inherent in nessing a growing industrial and agricultural aircraft have likewise not gone unnoticed. such an approach and the potential for error development and given recognition and aid, However, one area has received almost no in the underlying assumptions are, the au­ often extended to developing countries, has attention, and that is the recent drama.tic thors believe, of such a. magnitude as to war­ a potential for achieving a level of economic rant a critical review of the subject. self-sufficiency far above some if not most increase in their a.b111ty to wage chemical of the sub-sahara nations of Africa. warfare (CW) . This article (a shortened version of an Paraphrasing words describing a distin­ This development has so far generated ho analysis prepared for an Arms Control Sem­ guished American lady, the U.N. should have improvements in CW equipment or training inar, sponsored by the Institute for War and "lighted the candle of recognition, not cursed for U.S. and NATO forces, with the result Peace Studies of Columbia. University) will the darkness of rejection." that Western forces a.re today less able than summarize the state of Soviet chemical war­ they were a few years ago to survive and fare ca.pab111ties-, both offensive and defen­ Inevitably, the Republic of Transkei wm operate in the special environment which sive; rationales from the Soviet point of assume its rightful place in the family of can be created by Soviet and Warsaw Pact view on the utmty of chemical weapons in nations.e chemical warfare weapons. both nuclear and nonnuclear confiict; the Triggered at least 1.n part by the Dugway state of the U.S. posture to cope with such a sheep incident of 1968, the U.S. chemical threat; and the basic problems associated THE CHEMICAL WARFARE warfare capa.b111ty underwent a rapid and with resolving chemical warfare issues with­ PROBLEM sharp decline in the past decade. The inci­ in the U.S. defense establishment. A candid dent involved the malfunction of the nozzle assessment of these factors, the authors be­ on an aerial spray tank carrying the toxic lieve, will lead to the conclusion that U.S./ HON. LARRY McDONALD chemical VX during an open-air test at the NATO forces should expect to have a toxic OF GEORGIA Dugway Proving Ground, an Army chemical environment forced on them, and if they a.re warfare test site in Utah. Within the next "not prepared" to operate in such an en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES several days, approximately 6,000 sheep graz­ vironment and to pose a comparable CW Wednesday, September 13, 1978 ing some 27 miles a.way were found dead. threat to the Warsaw Pa.ct forces, the CW While the ca.use-effect link was never estab­ disparity between the Wa.rsa.w Pa.ct and • Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, al­ lished co.nclusively, minute quantities of VX NATO could clearly have disastrous-and though there is increased attention were said to have been found in the skin potentially decisive-<:onsequences for NATO. being given to the problem of chemical tissues of the sheep and the connection ot And the U.S./NATO chemical warfare defi­ warfare by the Department of the Army, the death to the chemical test is usually pre­ ciency may well invite the Soviets to use we still have a long way to go to be sumed. their chemical warfare superiority. September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29353

THE CURRENT SOVIET CW POSTURE AND RATION· livery of a nonpersistent agent, such as hy­ enough to warrant a nuclear strike nor vul­ ALE FOR USE drogen cyanide, against enemy forces imme­ nerable enough to insure destruction with Chemical warfare clearly is a. ma.jar con­ diately in front of forward-moving troops. It one scrtie of conventional munitions. For tingency for which the Soviet Union has has been reported that the BM-21 provides such targets, generally unprotected against made plans. Capabilities for chemical war­ a multiple container for this a.gent. It insures chemical agents, chemical weapons are th~ fare are integrated throughout ground, air, effective and rapid distribution of the a.gent mcst efficient means of putting them out and naval forces. The attention which the over a target area.; and the round can release of action. Soviets place on chemical warfare can be the agent in active form. A battalion volley Further, in both conventional and nu­ seen in the number and types of CW special­ can impact 720 rounds on a target. Occuna­ clear scenarics, it would be preferable from ists in all military units, in the equipment tion of or assault on facllities attacked with the Soviet point of view to seize rather provided to all units, in the extent of train­ such an a.gent could be carried out in a very than destroy many targets, including air­ ing and testing programs, and in the a.gents short time after the attack with minimal bases, fuel dumps, transportation centers, danger to the assault troops. harbors, and commercial airpcrts. The So­ and munitions that have been developed. viet objective would not be to destroy these The current Soviet capab111ty to conduct How could the Soviets use their CW weap­ ons? They could use them as a minor esca­ targets but merely to prevent their use by chemical warfare can properly be termed U.S./NATO fcrces until the Soviets could "awesome," and the Soviets a.re continuing lation above conventional weapons. Or they could use them as part of a larger escalation seize them and put them to their own use­ to improve that capability. perhaps immediately, perhaps within a week Chemical defense units are organic to to the nuclear level. In either case, there could be advantages to the Soviets in hitting or so. With the selection of the proper every Soviet command down to the regiment agents, such targets could be rendered unfit level. Smaller units usually include CW spe­ some targets without physically destroying them. There is little reason, however, to as­ for U.S./NATO use but could be available cie.lists. Analysis has shown that there a.re for Soviet occupation at the planned time. "scores of Soviet generals and some 70,000- sume that the introduction by the Soviets of chemical weapons into a. conventional con­ Finally, the movement of NATO reserves, 100,000 full-time chemical warfare officers which is already a severe problem, could and men." In contrast, the United States has fiict would result in the escalation of that confiict to a. nuclear level. be seriously impeded by the application of at most 2,000 officers and men engaged full the more persistent chemical weapons to time in some form of chemical chores; and, It is genera.Uy believed that if the Soviets decided to begin a theater war, they would important transportation centers. of these, probably no more than a. handful The effectiveness of CW weapons can be could be regarded a.s equivalent to their favor keeping it conventional, at least for some time, if they felt they could accomplish especially high in these mission areas be­ Soviet counterparts. cause the desired results-disabling of the Chemical warfare preparedness is also in­ their objectives at that level of confiict. Their objectives, relative to NATO, would be: first, particular forces and contamination of par­ tegra. ted into the design of Soviet fighting ticular areas-would not depend upon lethal equipment. For example, all modern tanks to improve the position of the Soviet Union in anticipation of a nuclear exchange by doses of chemicals being delivered over the and armored personnel carriers are designed entire target. Sublethal doses could impose to offer protection from both nuclear and reducing or eliminating the NATO nuclear capability; and, second, to quickly overrun physically disabling effects on personnel who chemical contamination. In contra.st, while are not protected. These effects, in particu­ chemical warfare preparedness receives lip NATO defense positions and seize critical territory. The primary problem in achieving lar optical pain and miosis caused by small service in the planning for U.S. equipment, doses of nerve agent, will prevent or se­ there are almost no weapons designed to the first objective would be destroying NATO nuclear air capab111ties, and such ground riously degrade the performance of mili­ provide CW protection. This factor is usual­ tary personnel in such functions as aiming ly dropped in the design considerations when equipment as surface-to-surface missiles, nu­ clear artillery, and associated command/ and sighting guns or artillery pieces, instru­ the first effort is ma.de to reduce costs. ment reading, and fiying. The Soviets also have considerable individ­ control centers. The primary problems in All in all, chemical weapons offer very ual protective equipment and machinery for achieving the second objective would be significant advantages to the Soviets in either decontamination. The soldiers all have per­ overrunning NATO anti-tank defenses, dis­ nuclear or conventional war. Considering sonal masks, protective clothing, chemical abling NATO tactical air bases, and inhibit­ their advantages, many of which exist for detectors and "effective" atropine-based ing NATO force movements. the Soviets because of "marginal" U.S./NATO compound syringe antidotes. Each Soviet di­ An important question is whether chemi­ preparedness, it is inconceivable to the au­ vision has decontamination companies to cal warfare agents would be employed by thors that the Soviets would not capitalize facilitate the return to combat of both men the Soviets in such a nonnuclear assault in on their CW capabilities in any major con­ and equipment. The specialized chemical de­ Europe. The perception-both official and fiict in Europe. The benefits to be derived in contamination equinment includes a. unique unofficial-for many years has been, and, terms of increasing the probability of a suc­ type of vehicle called TMS-65, which is a. for the most part, still is, that given the cessful short war are far greater than any truck-mounted turbo1et spraying a.pp9.ratus Soviet definition of chemical weapons as additional risk associated with CW employ­ for rapid decontamination of large vehicles. "weapoi;s of mass destruction," chemical ment. These capabilities cannot be assumed to be warfare would occur only as part of a nu­ The authors find it gratifying that parts merely defensive. They apuear desi~ned and clear attack, whether nuclear weapons were of this perception are gradually gaining ac­ deployed for use as part of the Soviet offen­ used to initiate the confiict or were intro­ ceptance. The current Army Manual 100-5, sive capability, i.e., to enable Soviet troops to duced at some later point. The authors dis­ the basic Army document on tactics, pub­ exploit their chemical weapons. agree. While it is clear that the Soviets lished in 1976, notes that the Soviets clearly Training in the use of the equipment is do consider chemical and nuclear weapons have a capability to use chemicals at any standard and emphasized at all force levels, as much alike, too much emphasis on that level of confiict: and includes training in "'live" CW envi­ fact by itself lea::ls to a. gross oversimpli­ "Soviet or Soviet-equipped and trained ronments. fication of the problem. Most assuredly, the forces could initiate and sustain large-scale Reliable evidence is scarce regarding the common classification of these weapons does CW operations in either a conventional or exact magnitude and variety of Soviet of­ not by itself mean that CW weapons would conventional-nuclear conftict. Their doctrine fensive CW capability. Knowledgeable per­ only be used in all-out war. emphasizes the employment of chemical sons, however, including Professor John Against the major Soviet targets in West­ weapons in close coordination with conven­ Erickson of the University of Edinburgh, ern Europe, such as NATO antitank defense, tional and nuclear weapons to capitalize on have stated that Soviet chemical warfare nuclear stcrage facilities, command and con­ t:1e attributes of each." (Emphasis added.) a.gents include both World War I types as trol centers, equipment depots, and tactical And this year's Department of Defense An­ well as modern ones, such as: air bases, chemical weapons offer important nual Report by the Secretary of Defense Mustard gases; advantages that complement rather than goes a bit further: Phosgene; duplicate the effects of both conventional "It is likely that the Soviets would consider Hydrogen cyanide; and nuclear weapons, and recommend their using a combination of chemical and con­ Soman and other nerve gases; and use in both contexts. Without a good pro­ ventional weaoons, as well as a comrination te::tive posture for NATO against Warsaw of chemical, nuclear and conventional weap­ An agent that "the Soviets label VR-55." Pact chemical weapons, NATO antitank de­ ons-and they have the capability to do According to Erickson, there are chemical fense would be paralyzed by fast-acting and either-if they believed a significant tactical rounds for the 122-mm and 152-mm artillery, no:i persistent chemical agents, but these advantage could be gained." (Emphasis the FROG surface-to-surface short-range agents would not inhibit armore::l ouerations added.) rocket, the longer-range SCUD surfa.ce-to­ by protected Pact forces. Chemical· weapons The authors feel that the truth was prob­ surface missile, and the BM-21 multinle coul::l likewise be very imnortant in disabl­ ably ex9ressed in the Penkovsky Papers : " .. . rocket launc:t>er. Chemical artillery, mortars, ing NATO nuclear capabilities. Again, with­ let there be no doubt: if hostilities should mines, air-delivered bombs and spray tanks out a considerably improved protective pos­ erupt, the Soviet Army would use chemical were in the Soviet inventory in World War ture on the NATO side, Soviet chemical weapons against its opponents." (Emphasis II. There is no evidence that those munitions weapons could put such bases out of action added.) In support of this position, the have been destroyed. A reasonable assumo­ for extended periods of time with only a Papers state that "the USSR has already tion is that they have been upgraded with few repeated strikes with persistent chemical given political release for chemical weapons." more modern agents. munitions. Many command/ control targets, John Erickson has declared more explicitly A relatively recent system, the multiple such as radars, ground control stations and that "Soviet division commanders have rocket launcher, would be ideal for the de- navigation transmitters a.re neither large chemical weapons planning, release, and em- 29354 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 ployment authority." It is the conclusion of my colleagues some correspondence the to finance the costs associated with UNIFIL. the authors of this paper that if such a Senate Foreign Relations Committee and With best regards. delegation of authority is assumed, the use Sincerely yours, of chemical weapons should be considered a my subcommittee have had with the De­ partment of State and the General Ac­ LEE H. HAMILTON, certainty in any conflict. Further, even if Chairman, Subcommittee on Europe such authority has not devolved, the pos­ counting Office regarding the use of aid and the Middle East. sib111ty of Soviet use of chemical warfare funds authorized and appropriated for during a conflict limited otherwise to con­ the Middle East Special Requirements DEPARTMENT OF STATE, should not be discounted. ventional weapons, Fund DON EDWARDS attention on continued oppression in p. 32 (1977). OF CALIFORNIA that country and to call for a govern­ This recitation indicates that one of the ment which grants equal rights and full purposes for which Congress anticipated that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES participation to all South Africans.• the Special Requirements Fund would be Tuesday, September 12, 1978 used, and for which purpose it has been used, is to assist United Nations and other peace­ o Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. keeping operations. In reauthorizing the fund Speaker, today commemorates the first for fiscal year 1978, the Congress recognized anniversary of the death of Steven Biko. INFLATION AND MORALITY that the "flexibility" needed by the Presi­ This courageous and inspirational black dent could include the possible use of the leader died at the hands of South African fund for future peacekeeping missions. HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN As we stated above, in carrying out the security police. He had been harassed, OF CALIFORNIA purposes expressed in section 109 of the For­ persecuted, and imprisoned countless IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eign Assistance Act of 1961, 22 U.S.C. § 2441, times hy the South African authorities the Special Requirements Fund can be used for his persistent efforts to obtain justice Wednesday, September 13, 1978 to provide any type of assistance authorized for South Africa's black majority. • Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, infiation by Part I of the Act. One such program in The world was justly outraged by Stev­ has been aptly described as the "mother Part I is Security Supporting Assistance, au­ en Biko's untimely death. The Congress of tyranny." In an older and wiser era, thorized by section 531, 22 U.S.C. § 2346. {Al­ though section 531 is located in Part n of of the United States condemned the economics was subsumed under the sub­ the Act, the legislation which crefl,ted it South African Government for its role category of ethics 01'. l\Tew Yor"k: 's Forcft>am Business School. pony league team, new champions of the can was wearing a uniform and he looked "We do not know whether the most valuable like an officer. The sampan stayed at the part oi the contract may not turn out to be pony league world series. bank of the river for 5 to 10 minutes, then the paper it is written on .... On Sunday, August 26, these 15 young left for the direction of the U-Minh Jungle. "Inflation ls like a country where nobody athletes won the pony league world series I had no idea where they were headed. speaks the truth." championship in National City, Calif., The documentation is widespread and after c"moeting with teams from all over LETTER 7 horrifying: the Nation. MAY 5, 1978. Nine m1llion Americans hold part-time jobs Team members include Mike Walsh, DEAR Mas. LE THI ANH: I just read in or othe1-wise earn money which they don't Trang-Den No. 102 that you want informa­ report on their income tax forms, Peter Gut­ Harold Sutherland, Richard Alvarez, Ed­ tion about MIAs in Vietnam. I have not seen mann, professor of economics and finance at die Rodriguez, Dominic Constantino, them myself; but I shall tell you what I Baruch College in New York, estimates. Steve Clinton, Bob Straight, Paul Sar­ heard about them. I do not know if this Taxes and dividends are paid from profits gis, Rich Vanengas, Bill Roberts, Bret information serves "our cause." that may not exist or, if t hey can be shown Blackwell, Eric Crawford, Fcott Freear, I have a cousin-in-law, he's the husband to exist by appropriate accounting adjust- Glen Davis, and John Murphy. The of my first degree cousin. A little over two 29358 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 months after the fall of Saigon my cousin Africa, but women must live in rural whom he could marry, how large his old a.ge came to visit us. He told us that he had a areas. Since the homelands are too poor pension would be, in what hospital he could brother who was a Northern official and now to provide jobs, the men are forced to be admitted and even the cemetery in which his brother has come South for a visit. After he could be buried. the visit with my cousin, the cadreman leave their families and work outside the The Population Registration Act, which re­ brother took my cousin to his workplace in homeland. Men can visit their wives only quires every citizen to be classified into a Phuong-Lam for two days. 2 or 3 weeks a year, rendering it impos­ racial group, belongs to a package of legis­ There in Phuong Lam, my cousin saw that sible to have any kind of family life. In lation that the ruling National Party enacted a large number of Americans were being de­ Crossroads, women have come to live in· the early 1950s to help carry out its policy tained. His cadreman brother told my cou­ with their husbands, and this is why the of apartheid, or racial separation. sin he was the leader of the group and that South African Government wants it The package also includes the Immorality he took them down from the North to the Act, which bars interracial sex; the Mixed South. Along the trail, he said, they were destroyed. Marriages Act, which forbids interracial mar­ sometimes short of food and the POWs had The courageous women of Crossroads riage, and the Group Areas Act, which out­ to eat leaves. My cousin asked his cadreman have braved violence and prison to exist laws integrated neighborhoods. brother why does the government keep them with their husbands as a normal, healthy When the government started classifying, and not give them enough to eat, what a pity family unit. The residents of Crossroads many disputed their racial label and hired to let them die from hunger like that, why have worked hard to make their squatter lawyers to wade through the paperwork and not release them? Then his brother told him community a town. Yet, all of the legal argue their cases before a court that han­ that "we can't release them because if we avenues to block the destruction of dled appeals. Lawyers say thousands of ap­ did, the Americans would drop bombs on us." Crossroads have been pursued, and the peals used to be heard every year. Now, only I asked how many Americans did you see? a few cases remain. and he said: "Quite a lot of them." He said Government bulldozers could come at Requests for reclassification first go to the his brother told him that there were about anytime. Department of the Interior, which never in­ 500 of them. When I was about to go to I hope that the awareness that has forms the person seeking a new category of France, my cousin told me that the POWs been aroused in the House by the death the reasons for its decision. Last year, gov­ have been transferred to another camp and last year of Steve Biko will motivate my ernment figures show, 115 applicants won re­ his brother now had another job. I asked colleagues to look closely at the situation classification out of a total the government what his brother's field was and he said that in Crossroads. and to act accordingly. refuses to reveal. Change in classification can he was a Security officer. When I heard that mean a whole new life style. Whites and col­ I felt so sorry for those men. I would also like to insert into the REC­ ored· carry "books of life" as identification. You well know, Mrs. Anh, that the Com­ ORD at this point an article that ap­ Blacks carry "reference" books, known a.s munists were already very harsh with us peared in the Washington Post on Sep­ "pass" books because inside must be a valid whom they called "compatriots," they punish tember 10, 1978 that details another pass giving the holder permission to live or us until death unsues, you can imagine how aspect of life in South Africa that is af­ work in a specific city. big must be the sufferings of those Americans fected by South African racist statutes. "Getting reclassified is like murder," said whom the Communists call 'enemies'. one colored woman. "You live in a certain FROM BIRTH TO GRAVE, SOUTH AFRICANS neighborhood, have certain friends and a I fail to understand how the Americans LIVE WITH RACE LABELS family. And when you change, you go to a can abandon their own people like that. (By Caryle Murphy) (How can they have the heart to abandon new neighborhood, you don't see your old their own fighting men in this manner.) CAPE TOWN, South Africa.-Diana. Hassick friends and many people, for their children's I was allowed to go to France to join my and Raymond do Proft lived together as man sake, stop coming to visit their families." son. and wife for 24 years, raising five children Roma Sabatini, a white-classified store into what the neighbors thought was a happy cashier in Johannesburg, is trying to switch Have a. daughter in the U.S. and may come white family. to colored because, at 22 after growing up to see her. with her colored mother in a. colored neigh­ Signed, But South Africa's race classification laws have ended those good times. borhood, she wants to marry her colored boy (DELETED) .• friend. The pair's 20-year-old son, Graham, com­ mitted suicide because he could not marry "This business of being white is hanging his pregnant girl friend, in the investigation over me like a cloud," said Roma, who re­ of his death, police found that Diana. and sembles many colored people. I sent a letter CROSSROADS-A THREAT TO Raymond had been faking their marriage all to the Classification Bureau three years ago, SOUTH AFRICA those years. Now they want to make it legal, saying I want to be reclassified colored. It's but cannot. not the way they want to classify me; it's the ·way I feel. I go to colored places, I go out The problem: Diana, whose mother was with colored men. My heart is feeling colored HON. NEWTON I. STEERS, JR. white, but who never knew her father and OF MARYLAND and my mind is saying colored. I don't want was raised by a colored family, is classified to leave the country to get married." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES colored, or racially mixed. Raymond, son of a Belgian father and British mother, is clas­ The Department of the Interior agreed to reclassif~· Diana Ba'!sick's remaining four Tuesday, September 12, 1978 sified white. Mr. STEERS. Mr. Speaker, today children white following Graham's suicide e Since the children were born out of wed­ and turned a blind eye to her cohabitation marks the first anniversary of the death lock, they were registered under Diana's with De Pron. With her secret now known of South African black consciousness name and alao classified colored. Graham's however, Diana also applied for reclassifica­ leader Steve Biko at the hands of South girl friend, Sonya, was ';he daughter of Af­ tion so she could marry Raymond legally. African police. The year that has rikaners-and therefore classified white and Her request was denied. As usual no reason followed his death has marked an in­ out of reach. was given. But Diana's lawyer was told that creased awareness in the United States After a fight with his mother over what to the fact she was still of childbearing age had as to what the South African policy of do about it, Graham stormed out of the been a factor in the refusal. So after a hys­ apartheid really means in human terms. house four years ago and walked in front of a terectomy in 1975, Diana applied again. commuter train. A government inquest ruled The answer was in a note from the Interior In the last year, we have seen that it was suicide, caused by despair over Sonya. Department secretary to her lawyer this Steve Biko has not been the only black to "He would not have k111ed himself if it spring: " I do not see my way clear to amend die as a result of South African police wasn't for these laws," said Diana in an in­ her classification." brutality; racial oppression is wide­ terview at her working-class home in Cape "It's so late in my life," said Diana, now 51. spread. I am extremely concerned at the Town. "It's four years ago, but I stm ex­ "The only thing I look forward to in my life present time about another act of op­ pect to see him come through the front is to belong to someone. I know we are al­ pression that might be perpetrated door." ready happy, but one does want to make it against the black South African com­ In South Africa such a cross-racial mar­ legal. I want to marry the father of my five riage is forbidden by law, even thou15h iler children." munity. I am referring to the proposed wavy black ·hair and lightly tanned com­ In the original classifications, racial ap­ destruction of the community of Cross­ plexion give Diana the appearance of some­ pearance and general acceptance by others roads, outside of Capetown. one who might have come from a southern were the prime factors. In dispute, besides his The South African Government views Mediterranean country like Greece. appearance, a dissatisfied South African the existence of Crossroads as a threat to For Graham, as for everyone born in South could present affidavits from neighbors say­ their homeland policy which requires all Africa, the crucial informati'Jn on his birth ing they always thought the person was col­ blacks to be citizens of their respective certificate was the entry after "race." That ored, or white, or black, and was accepted as word-colored-was the key to what jobs he such by the community. homeland-to be determined by the could hold, how much he was paid, what Decisions used to be arbitrary and often South African Government. Men are school he could go to, where he could live, reflected the attitudes of those who ma.de · allowed to work in urban areas in South with whom he could have sexual intercourse, them. Some recall stories of borderline cases September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29359 being decided by the "pencil test"-if a pen­ minimized with a concomitant emphasis on and served with distinction on the sister­ cil stuck in someone's hair, he was black, not eliminating negative health habits and ini­ hoods of Congregation Beth Jacob and colored. tiating positive health ha.bits. Sinai Temple. Her activities have em­ But a 1966 amendment to the Popula_tlon There is ample evidence that black people braced Friends of the Hebrew Univer­ Registration Act made descent the chief cri­ suffer more from hypertension, both from sity, Technion, Mizrachi Women, Pono­ terion inste::i.d of appearance and acceptance. onset at younger ages and from more severe vez Yeshiva, Rambam Torah Institute, Today, these factors come into play only if consequences, than their white counterparts. family descent is unclear. Many quantitatively oriented western cardio­ Yeshiva of Elchonon West Coast Talmu­ This affected colored families most, since vascular specialists and researchers have dic Seminary, National Conference of many were borderline cases under the old looked for the answers to this increased sus­ Synagogue Youth and Ezra Torch Free criteria.. Whole fa.mllies among the country's ceptlbllity in blacks by ma.king a genetically Loan Fund. With her husband, Esther 2.4 m11lion coloreds have been split down the oriented search for some inherent defect in Linn launched the Hillel Endowment middle by fair-complected members who blacks. Members of the National Medical As­ Fund with a most generous gift Which moved into the white category.e sociation have an obligation to insist that at least an equal a.mount of research money has provided many scholarships to stu­ and effort be spent in examining the effects dents at Hillel Hebrew Academy. It is DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES ON HIGH of psychosocial stress on the etiology, mor­ difficult to imagine that Esther and Mil­ bidity, and mortality of black hypertensives. ton Linn could have crowded so many BLOOD PRESSURE Emotional stress of any variety, because of community and philanthropic activities its resistance to precise measurement, or be­ into their time. HON. PARREN J. MITCHELL cause of resistance in fitting into Kochs Esther Linn, both in the Upper Penin­ Postulates, has been shamefully neglected by sula of Michigan, is the seventh OF MARYLAND quantitatively oriented cardiovascular re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES searchers. Racism as a psychosocial factor daughter of a seventh child. She claims the distinction of having been held and Wednesday, September 13, 1978 has been almost totally ignored. There ls increasing international agree­ kissed by Theodore Roosevelt during his e Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland. Mr. ment that hypertension ls one of the diseases campaign for the Presidency. Brought to Speaker, the National Medical Associa­ of civilization. The United States, in spite Los Angeles when she was 12, Esther tion Journal recently carried an article of its technological superiority in the health graduated from Los Angeles High School, by John T. Chissell, M.D., of Baltimore, field among clvillzed countries, does not re­ and then studied theatre arts at Md., which offered different perspectives flect that superiority when it comes to the UCLA. She founded, and was the dean prevention of hypertension as evidenced by of the Westwood School of Business from on the problem of high blood pressure, the increasing amount of high blood pres­ which affects so many black Americans. sure in US citizens. The figures have been 1951 to 1958, and developed many spe­ I am inserting into the RECORD the widely publicized this month; this ls a time cial techniques in the teaching of busi­ article written by Dr. John Chissell and to examine alternative methods of preven­ ness skills. Esther also gave after-school I urge my colleagues and members of tion and treatment of hypertension to the classes in the public school system. congressional staffs to read this article. multlbilllon dollar pill-pushing philosophy Esther rejoices in her children and that involves all of us today. This is also a grandchildren. Her son, Gerald L. Fish­ HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE MONTH-DIFFERENT time to examine our own lifestyles and the bein and his wife Millicent, have two PERSPECTIVES kind of health these ha.bits have produced in By the time this issue of the Journal of the us. The time ls now, seize the time! !--John children. Her daughter, Joan, is the wife National Medical Association reaches you. T. Chlssel, MD.e of Prof. Jan Pierre Deuens. Milton Linn's there will have been intensive media cam· children are Mrs. Dorothy Cohn of Los pa.igns exhorting the nation's citizens, pa.r­ Angeles, who has contributed two grand­ tlcula.rly black Americans, to be checked out children to the family, and Mrs. Myra for hypertension, and if found to have high ESTHER L. LINN Winston of New York who has three. I1 blood pressure, to take one or more pills dally the descendants of Esther and Milton for the rest of their lives. Well-known and Linn fallow the glowing example set by respected entertainers will sing the message HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN "do it for them (family or friends) and for their parents, their good works and con­ yourself-take your medicine for the rest of OF CALIFORNIA tributions to their communities will en­ your life." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rich the lives of those around them. n The popular messages with regard to hy­ Wednesday, September 13, 1978 gives me special pleasure to honor Esther pertension detection and control certainly Linn, and I know that my colleagues will all have a basis in some facts and some • Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, Esther L. wish to join me in noting the occasion.• truths, but the members of the National Med­ Linn will receive the Jerusalem Award at ical Association and the people who look to a Shaare Zedek Hospital Dinner on Sun­ the members of the NMA for management of day, September 24. A most deserving re­ REDUCING THE FEDERAL their health problems need to look at some 0 other basic facts and truths about hyper­ ci.oi nt, Mrs. Linn and her late husband DEFICIT tension. Milton were among the pioneers who in There is increasing evidence that lifestyle 1958 established a Shaare Zedek support changes may normalize hypertension. My own group in Los Angeles which developed HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER experience and research indicates that life­ into the western region. In the past 4 OF vmGINIA style changes which result in better nutri­ years this region has become one of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion, adequate amounts of aerobic exercise, major contributors among the worldwide and inner balancing techniques such as medi­ groups supporting the 105-year old hos­ Wednesday, September 13, 1978 tation and biofeedback have the greatest po­ • Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, the House tential for controlling high blood pressure, pital. With a friend, Esther Linn helped while at the same time moving the individual to found the Women for Shaare Zedek, has approved a second budget resolution in the direction of optimal health and well­ and now serves as its president. She will for the fiscal year 1979 that contains a ness. In fa.ct, the time hypertension is first be joining 100 Californians in a tour to deficit of $40 billion. The President's diagnosed is an ideal time to initiate an Israel especially arranged to participate budget request as submitted in January awareness of the patient's lifestyle habits in the dedication of the new Shaare indicated a $60 billion deficit and the which may be producing the hypertension, Zedek Medical Center. The Milton N. preliminary first congressional resolution and to begin substitute habits which may Linn Pediatric Day Hospital, which Es­ agreed to in May put forth a figure reverse the movement toward disease, dis­ slightly above $50 billion. The deficit for a.bllity, and death in an individual or ta.rget ther Linn endowed in the memory of her population to a direction toward optimal husband, will also be dedicated at that the current fiscal year that ends in Sep­ health and wellness. time. tember will be in the $50 billion range. We need not condemn people to a daily Philanthropic programs emphasizing I voted to support the second resolution ritual of taking pills and their cumulative health. educatjon, and Jewish activities principally because of the progress U side effects if we a.re willing to educate our­ in the United States and Israel have long represents in moving toward a balanced selves and our patients to the fact that daily characterized the work of both Esther budget. health habits may be just as effective (if not Efforts to reduce the deficit reflect an more so) as chemicals in controlling high and Milton Linn. Esther is vice president blood pressure. of the Jewish National Fund Council. increasing recognition that at this point The amount of medication patients may For a number of years she was president in the economic cycle-the 4th year of need to control their hypertension can be of the Bertha Sieroty group of Badassah the recovery from a severe recession- 29360 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 Government expenditures must be the Singer Co., which provides student Presented below is a table I have pre­ brought more into line with its revenue volunteers from· age 16 to 21 with aca­ pared of net earnings figures for 12 do­ collections. Most of the deficit reduction demic preparation, vocational training, mestic trunk carriers, large and small. projected for fiscal year 1979, however, counseling, medicaly and dental care, AIRLINE INDUSTRY NET EARNINGS-12 DOMESTIC has been achieved through reductions in room and board, and other services. AIR CARRIERS the size of the tax cut and through re­ During 1977, 85 percent of those young estimates of what will actually be spent men and women who entered San Jose [In millions] from forthcoming appropriations. Tax Job Corps Center training completed the cuts of sufficient size are neded to offset program, and of those, 99 percent were 1st halt 2d quarter the effects of inflation and to provide placed in jobs. In the same period, 176 Per- Per- meaning!ul tax relief to a wide range of cent cent of i'ts students earned the equivalent of in- in- taxpayers. To make real progress in a high school diploma. This extraordi­ Airlines 1977 1978 crease 1977 1978 crease cutting the deficit-this year and in the nary record is a tribute to the sensitivity future-the growth in Government and dedication of the Job Corps center Allegheny ....•. $3. 5 $13. 2 274 $6. 3 $20. 2 222 spending has to be curbed. staff in working with young people. American ...... 29. 9 36. 9 24 31. 5 43. 9 39 During the debates this year on the Braniff ...... 16. 4 20. 1 23 9. 3 11. 2 21 Helping young people become produc­ Continental. ... 8. 0 32. 6 307 7. 2 9. 3 29 budget resolutions for fiscal year 1979, tive members of society benefits our com­ Delta ...... 56. 0 70. 6 26 33. 8 43. 2 28 I sought to reduce the level of spending munities in many ways. For example, Eastern ...... 18. 5 43. 7 137 1. 6 24. 2 1, 3~~ Ozark .....•... 2. 3 3. 2 38 2. 0 3. 0 in a practical way. In May, in the first San Jose Job Corps Center enrollees Pan Am ...... • -11. 8 20. 0 ...... 15. 8 46. 2 192 budget resolution, in addition to support­ placed in jobs and in the military earned Southern ...•.. . 6 -.5 ...... 1. 0 1.1 6 ing a number of specific program reduc­ TWA ..•...... -22. 5 9. 6 •······ 28. 2 48. 3 71 over $2.4 million in wages and an esti­ United ...... 48. 2 105. 4 118 20. 9 91. 9 340 tions, I proposed that spending be cut mated $600,000 in fringe benefits during Western ...... 3. 6 17. 1 378 1. 5 5. 9 287 across-the-board by 2 percent from what 1977, their first year of employment. It 159. 1 348. 4 119 the Budget Committee had recom­ is estimated that about $1.4 million of Total...... • 152. 8 371. 9 143 mended. While my amendment was not those wages will be spent in Santa Clara In particular, I call my colleagues' at­ agreed to, subsequent reestimates and County, where they were earned. other developments led to a Budget Com­ tention to the fact that profits for the Since its opening in.1972, the San Jose first half of 1978 represent an increase of mittee recommendation for the second center has grown into one of the most nearly 150 percent over last year. TWA, resolution that was essentially in line widely respected youth training pro­ with my earlier proposal-a reduction of the troubled giant of the industry, turned grams in the Nation, and it has acted a $22 million deficit for the first half of $10 billion in the spending target. as a regular host for foreign visitors on 1977 into a $10 million profit during the Because I believed that by then behalf of the U.S. State Department. first 6 months of this year. Eastern's another $5 billion could be squeezed out Much of the success of the Job Corps 1400 percent second quarter increase of the spending totals with little or no center can be attributed to the strong loss in program effectiveness, I proposed over last year is phenomenal. guidance of its director, Mr. Kenneth C. Based on these and other data, I re­ an amendment to this effect during the Dugan, whose service to the organization main unconvinced that the airlines can­ House debate on the second resolution, and to the community has been ex­ not bear the cost of retrofitting and re­ but it, too, was defeated. emplary. engining their aircraft to bring them in There are many uncertainties ahead as Mr. Speaker, I believe that the Con­ line with the 1985 regulations. Let us see we approach the new fiscal year, includ­ gress must be more vigilant in rooting if the doomsayers of the airline indus­ ing the final size of the tax cut, further out ineffective Government programs try are accurate in their predictions of a re-estimates of how fast appropriated that waste taxpayers' money. It is grati­ future decline; if they are, we will have funds can be spent, and changing infla­ fying, however, to learn that one plenty of time to assist needy airlines in tion rates which can have large impacts program, the Job Corps program, has coming years. on both expenditures and revenue collec­ the potential to help solve the serious Mr. Speaker, although the airlines are tions. problem-'Of unemployment and under­ currently the fastest growing American In dealing with these uncertainties employment of our Nation's youth. The industry, they and their friends argue throughout the year, I would urge the San Jose Job Corps Center demonstrate that the airline boom is but a passing administration and the Congress to keep that potential, and I ask my colleagues phenomenon. To this end, they have their pencils sharp and seek out addi­ -ito join with me in commending the San disseminated on Capitol Hill and infor­ tional spending cuts. The $490 billion Jose Job Corps Center and its staff for mation sheet entitled "Financial Anal­ spending limit in the second resolution is its meritorious record of service to the ysts' Views of Airline Industry Financial just that-a ceiling-and reductions in people of San Jose.• Performance in 1978 and 1979." Four spending below this level can and should predictions are presented there; unfor­ be achieved. Spending in most Federal tunately, they are outdated and mislead­ programs can be reduced by small ing. amounts without serious disruption of RECORD AIRLINE PROFITS Following are the analysts' predictions important Federal functions. During the as they appeared on the Air Transport next year, spending cuts would not only HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL information sheet plus updated airline reduce the deficit but would also cut industry predictions from the same down on the risk of additional inflation.• OF NEW YORK sources: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ANALYSTS' PREDICTIONS Wednesday, September 13, 1978 AL NORLIN OF KIDDER, PEABODY & CO., INC. THE SAN JOSE JOB CORPS CENTER e Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the Our 1978 traffic, revenue, and earnings fore­ airline industry is experiencing record casts have been increased but the shape of profits this year and all indications are our projected industry profit pattern remains HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA unchanged. Strong year to year comparisons that these earnings will be sustained in should prevail throughout the spring and OF CALIFORNIA coming months. Yet the air carriers early summer, but margin pressures are likely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES argue that their huge profits are only to appear in late summer, and a sharp earn­ Wednesday, September 13, 1978 of a temporary, fleeting nature; they ings decline is indicated for the fourth quar­ urge us to ignore this year's corporate ter and for 1979.-June 16, 1978 (presented e Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, I would earnings figures and to vote for H.R. by ATA). like to bring to the attention of my col­ 11986, which would provide carriers with Traffic gains in the airline industry are leagues the outstanding accomplishments an estimated $2.5 billion to help them continuing to be very strong in the third of the San Jose Job Corps Center in meet new FAA noise regulations. quarter. Because of this, margin pressures providing counseling, training, and will be pushed back to later in the year. In H.R. 11986, the Noisy Aircraft Revenue addition, I'm being a lot more open-minded placement for young adults seeking and Credit Act of 1978, will be offered about the fourth quarter because of sus­ employment. as an amendment for title III of H.R. tained traffic growth; if travel earnings con­ The San Jose Job Corps Center is a 8729, the Airport and Aircraft Noise Re­ tinue, there very well may be no decline at federally funded program, operated by duction Act. an. My estimated earnings figure for the 11 September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29361 major airlines is now up to a.bout $950 mil­ the airlines flounder in the future, Con­ Fifth. The latter part of Senator BENT­ lion for 1978, compared with $600 mUlion for gress should be ready at that time to SEN's statement seems more ideological la.st year. For next year, I'm projecting two different consider some kind of assistance.• than pragmatic, and is oddly inconsist­ ways. While earnings will decline even with­ ent with the hard analysis of the first out a. recession, airline profits will be sub­ part. I have particular difficulty under­ stantial. If there is a. recession, there will be standing his view that if a SALT agree­ a significant earnings decline. Yet, the air­ SALT II AND MAPS ment does not provide gap-free protec­ lines will be in a. more stable position than tion for the United States it is "not good 1n any previous recession.-August 15, 1978. HON. BOB CARR at all." One might with equal validity THEODORE P. SHEN OF DONALDSON, LUFKIN & argue that a new weapon which does not OF MICHIGAN JENRETTE SECURITIES CORP. provide complete protection is no good, Expect earnings to decline fairly signifi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and since no single weapon can do this cantly in 1979 after having reached a. cycli­ Wednesday, September 13, 1978 we should buy no weapons. It has al­ cal peak during the third quarter of 1978. • Mr. CARR. Mr. Speaker, on Septem­ ways seemed to me that any agreement Specifically, we estimate earnings for the full or any weapon which advances our total year 1978 to be down slightly from the 1977 ber 11 Senator BENTSEN opened theses­ record level of $610 million, and then to de­ sion of the Senate with an articulate and security to any measurable degree is good cline perhaps to $200 to $300 million in 1979, thoughtful discussion of SALT, particu­ and should be accepted. assuming a. moderate recession.-April 24, larly as it relates to multiple-point ICBM Senator BENTSEN's remarks follows: 1978 (presented by ATA) basing, or MAP. I recommend that SALT II We have updated our 1978 estimates. For (By Sena.tor Bentsen) this year, we predict airline earnings to be everyone interested in arms control read $875 million, up 43 % from la.st year. For it and, for whatever they may be worth, Mr. President, on June 28, I addressed the 1979, given the assumption that we'll be in I offer the following unsolicited com­ Senate on some of my concerns regarding recession, airline profits should decline to ments: the SALT II negotiations. I suggested at the about $450 million. We do point out to in­ First. We cannot assume that MAP time that, like it or not, diplomatic "linkage" vestors that in all past recessions, the air­ would assure the survival of a significant would be a major factor in Senate consider­ lines were unable to avoid red ink; however, era.tion of SALT II for the simple reason that proportion of our ICBM force. MAP is there can be no such thing as a sound agree­ there is no chance that carriers will actually strategically attractive only if it is clear lose money in the projected coming reces­ ment with an aggressive partner seeking to sion.-August 15, 1978 that we can proliferate aim points more exploit every advantage and widen every cheaply and more quickly than the So­ loophole. BARRY J. GORDON, NATIONAL AVIATION viets can proliferate hard-target reentry The record of past Soviet performance on AND TECHNOLOGY CORP. vehicles. Neither of these points has been SALT I and current Soviet adventurism make I believe that airline earnings in 1978 will it apparent that adequate verification pro­ be little changed from the 1977 levels. If I demonstrated in a satisfactory manner. cedures are absolutely essential to any ac­ had to state a. number right now I would Second. Assuming the verification ceptable SALT II treaty. If we cannot trust say slightly better, in the $600 or $650 mil­ problem can be solved, MAP is a great the Soviets, clearly we must be able to tell lion area.. In 1979 I feel that earnings will deal more viable in a SALT context than when they are cheating, particularly on an be lower than in 1978 because of a weaker in a no-SALT context. Under the re­ issue as important as strategic arms limita­ economy.-April 24, 1978 (presented by ported SALT II terms permitting the tions. ATA) Soviets about 300 modern heavy ICBM's Furthermore, we cannot permit a SALT n I expect airline earnings this year to be with 8 or 10 warheads each and about agreement, no matter how sound or verifi­ higher than we originally anticipated, as able, to serve as a maginot line in our stra­ there has been a. large increase in air traf­ 500 modern medium MffiV ICBM's tegic posture. The Soviets clearly have the fic ... Thus, I would revise my figures up­ which could have 6 warheads each, and will, and may well have the capacity. to out­ ward, estimating airline earnings in 1978 to with an ICBM fractionation limit at flank any such agreement by aggressively ex­ be in the $800 to $850 million area. I still these levels, the Soviets could ultimately ploiting opportunities for confront ation feel that earnings will be lower in 1979 than have about 5,500 available hard-target throughout the world, using conventional in 1978 because of a weaker economy.­ ICBM MmV warheads. While it would means. August 9, 1978 be stunningly expensive, we could if we Obviously Mr. President. no Member of this BERT FINGERHUT OF OPPENHEIMER & COMPANY, wish build a countering MAP system body is in a position to pass final judgment INC. on a SALT II agreement that does not yet with re-asonable confidence that it would exist. I believe. however, that there is some In summary, we now project that indus­ be success!ul. versus a prior projection of $715 million. merit in raising and discussing fundamental 1n 1978 versus $611 million in 1977 and In contrast, a SALT-free environment issues pertaining to SALT; issues that will versu • a prior projection of $715 mlllion. leaves MAP floundering in a bottomless inevitably bear on the question of Senate Based in part on reasonable economic growth pit in which orderly force planning is ratification regardless of the final form the late this year and in 1979, we project industry impossible. For every aim point we build, treaty may take. net income will total a. little less than $900 the Soviets could deploy another RV or There are two aspects of SALT that million in 1979 .... In developing these pro­ two. Assuming they are willing to bear currently cause me some disquiet. The first jections, we are assuming modest economic is the necessity of preserving MAPS in the the cost of their RV's, we could well find forthcoming SALT II treaty-MAPS is the growth in late 1978 and 1979.-June 28, 1978 the cost of our aim points eventually (presented by ATA.). concept that we can confound a Soviet first I stand by my statement of June 28.­ running so high that. had we known strike against our Minuteman sites by dig­ August 15, 1978. where the cycle would lead when we be­ ging more silos than we have missiles. The gan it, we would have chosen another second issue is our general perception of Mr. Speaker, I would like to point out route to strategic security. arms limitations agreements over the years three facts based on the above predic­ and the aura of inevitability that has devel­ Third. Senator BENTSEN's point that, oped around SALT II. tions. First, all analysts now predict a in effect, survivability is a legitimate goal record year for airline profits. Second, The faddishness and jargon of the arms whereas first strike is not, is right on control dialog would be amusing if t he t opic analyst opinions are split over the future target. were not so important. Clearly, t he lat est of airline industry profitability. Third, Fourth. The assertion that we do not vogue in the ongoing debate about SALT II there has been a wide variance in the have first-strike capabilities while the is the multiple aim point system, or MAPS. analysts' predictions in just a 2- to 4- Soviets do is difficult to support. Minute­ The same concent is also referred to wit h the month period; their estimates of indus­ man III was explicitly designed as a acronym of ALPS-alternate launch point try performance are dismayingly inac­ system. MAPS or ALPS, the notion is iden­ counterforce system, as were the subse­ tical and disarmingly simple. It is almost curate. quent accuracy upgrades which make it as if a talented layman were introduced into In light of these three facts, I urge my the most effective silo-killing force in the the arms control debate. colleagues to oppose H.R. 11986, the Noisy world today. M-X is explicitly adver­ I am neither qualified nor inclined to Aircraft Revenue and Credit Act of 1978, tised as a super silo-killing weapon, and deliver a. long address on the pros and cons which will be offered as an amendment there is no other rationale for its con­ of MAPS. Certain elements of the p roblem for title III of H.R. 8729, the Airport and and the proposed remedy are, however, be­ figuration. We can say, of course, that yond dispute. Aircraft Noise Reduction Act. we are only interested in countersilo sec­ We currently have a substantial number If the airlines continue to profit from ond strike, not in first strike. But the of ICBM's, mostly Minuteman III, t argeted the present climate of deregulation, a Soviets can say the same thing, since at the Soviet Union in hardened lJOsit ions. $2.5 billion bonus would be wasteful. If the hardware required is identical. This land-based missile force consUt u t es one CXXIV--1846-Part 22 29362. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 element of our triad. There is substantial One of the most intriguing aspects of the to the concessions we can make on the agreement within the brotherhood of stra­ MAPS debate is the fact that it drives the altar of strategic arms limitation, and we tegic analysts that the Soviet Union Soviets up the wall. Pravda. is indignant. are fast approaching that limit. will, by the early to mid-1980's, have the They do not like it one bit. We have been engaged in the business capability of destroying the majority of our Perhaps we should pause for a moment of trying to break our arms race with the Minuteman force without substantially de­ and attempt to determine why the Soviet Soviets for the past 15 years. During this pleting their own missile inventory. This Union is so clearly and strongly opposed to time there have been a number of "suc­ situation will exist whether or not the SALT multiple silos, particularly when we do not cesses." Agreements that have imparted II treaty is signed in its current form, and deny their rights to deploy the same system. momentum to the process and gradually it is not a comforting thought. It takes no great strategic genius to divine created a sense of euphoria in the American With these factors in mind, two questions the reasons for this protest. The reason is public. immediately occur. What options are avail­ simple. The Soviets are acknowledging that Now any reasonable person, Mr. Presi­ able to us, within and beyond the constraints they do not want to sacrifice their perceived dent, would support the notion of arms of SALT II, to protect our land-based mis­ ability to destroy our land-based missiles in limitation and reduction provided it does sile system? What purpose is this system in­ a first strike. not pose a threat to our national security. tended to serve? I do not want the Soviet Union, even in a What concerns me, however, is that the In regard to the first question, we could worse case hypothesis, to have that capa­ American public has come to accept the no­ program, fund, and build a mobile missile bility. I do not think we should permit it to tion that we are winding down our Union. system, the much-heralded, hotly debated exist. One way to circumvent it is to deploy Disarmament, it seems, ls just around the and highly expensive MX. That is one option, a MAPS. corner. and SALT II would not be an impediment. It There may be some other, more arcane, or We believe this for two reasons: Because has been deliberately delayed by the admin­ more legitimate reason for strong Soviet ob­ we want to believe it, and because our istration, and is scheduled to be operational jections to multiple silos. If it exists, I would fondest hopes have been reinforced by a in 1986, after the treaty expires. like to know what it is. In the absence of s~ies of pacts successfully marketed as The MAPS/ ALPS multiple silo approach any such information, I must assume that significant steps on the road to an end of provides a second, theoretically less costly the Soviets object for the reason stated. the arms race and-eventually-to a relaxa­ option for enhanced survivability, because it I alluded earlier to a second question on tion of the balance of terror that rules the utilizes the existing Minuteman III. OUr MAPS/ALPS: What is the purpose of our world. missiles are vulnerable because they exist in land-based missile system? It should by now During the past 15 years we have become finite numbers; the Soviets know where they be apparent to even a neophyte in the field so committed to the concept of arms con­ . are; they can land a warhead close enough of arms limitations that we lack the capacity trol limitation that I shudder to think to take them out; and they will have suffi­ to take out the Soviet land-based missile how we might react if the process does not cient warheads to do the job. force in a first strike with our Minuteman Let me just add parenthetically that I continue. What happens if we cannot nego­ force. That is not the goal nor the purpose tiate a successful SALT II agreement with have always been a little puzzled by the of Minuteman. OUr land-based missiles serve notion that our ICBMs could be eliminated the Soviet Union? Are we prepared to ac­ only to deter a Soviet first strike; they are cept an unsafe, inadequate agreement on in their silos because I had always assumed an element of our potential response to any that, even in the case of a Soviet first strike, the basis that it is better than no agree­ such initiative. They do not, however, rep­ ment at all; the best that the situation we would have sufficient warning time to get resent a significant first strike threat to the our missiles up and off. But let us assume will permit? Are we prepared, as a nation, for the sake of argument that this launch­ Soviet ICBM's. to accept the consequences of failure to agree on-warning option is rejected. Where, I ask, is the symmetry in an agree­ with our traditional adversary on the issue ment that acknowledges the Soviet potential of arms control? Do we, really and honestly, Under the MAPS/ ALPS approach, we sim­ to wipe out our land-based missiles while ply diffuse about 250 of our missiles over a have any option but to conclude a SALT denying us a reciprocal ability to provide for II agreement with the Soviet Union? much greater number of holes, or launch our own ICBM survivability? Clearly, this points. They become safer because the So­ Fifteen years ago we set out on the path Nation must demand the creative latitude to of arms limitation with the Soviet Union viets do not know at any given instant which take passive measures to protect this essen­ of up to 5,000 new holes has the missile and with conclusion of the limited test ban because they lack the means to attack all the tial element of the triad. treaty, the first, tentative step back from the launch points. Multiple silos should theo­ If the Soviets want to dig more silos, cold war policy of confrontation. At that retically curb the Soviet appetite for a first more power to them. They are welcome time, so soon after the Cuban missile crisis, strike and virtually assure the survival of at to do so. We have no illusions about our we wer.e clearly and unequivocally superior least a significant part of our minuteman ability to target and destroy their mis­ to the Soviet Union in nuclear weaponry; we force in any contingency. sile force now or in the future. If they held a clear strategic advantage. At the very least, Mr. President, this is a want to double their invulnerability, that Today that is obviously no longer the case. clever idea. I would be hard-pressed to dem­ is their option. We simply seek to pre­ We seek to preserve a position of "parity" onstrate why it would not work. serve ours in the face of a very real and and avoid a situation of outright inferiority. legitimate threat. I do not suggest that our slide from su­ True, the multiple silo concept raises some I am not prepared at this stage to stand periority to precarious parity is entirely a very significant and difficult questions. It function of the era of arms control. Ob­ complicates verifiability, which ts a critical before the Senate and argue that an ability to deploy a multiple silo system is essential viously, it is not. The United States has ex­ aspect of SALT II. We would, in effect, set ercised unilateral restraint in deploying new out to make it impossible for the Soviet to our national security. I do not suggest that MAPS/ALPS is the only, or neces~arily ICBM and SLBM launchers since 1967, and Union to determine where our missiles are. our strategic budget has declined since 1963. We would make each silo look as if it con­ the best way to safeguard our land-based missile system. But I suggest that, having accepted and tained a missile, a conscious effort at decep­ embraced the notion of arms control/ limita­ tion. We would make it more difficult for the I do, however, submit that our Minute­ tion, we were better able to look with equa­ Soviets to determine if we were cheating on man force must be protected and must re­ nimity on the notion of parity. A security the upper limit of missiles, assuming that main invincible to a Soviet first strike. If it posture "s:econd to none" became good they lack the capacity to detect new missile can be demonstrated that the MAPS ap­ enough. We accepted the inevitability of a production in this country. proach is the most effident, least expensive Soviet Union as powerful and a.s advanced Resort to the multiple silo approach would means to make that system survivable, then as the United States. also invite the Soviets to follow suit, creat­ I for one would be extremely skeptical of What bothers me, Mr. President, is the ing new verification problems for us and any SALT II agreement that infringed on lingering suspicion that the Soviet Union raising similar concerns about total numbers our right to exercise this option. might just see things a little differently. of missiles. What I am saying, Mr. President, is let One does not have to be an expert in trend Considerations of this nature are impor­ us not discard this option until we deter­ lines and force analysis to conclude that, tant. They deserve to be addressed. But the mine whether it can serve our national in­ during the past 15 years, the Soviets have option is also important. It deserves to be terests. Let us not give it away for noth­ been winning the race for strategic superi­ preserved. We gave up the B-1 bomber and ing. Let us weigh the multiple silos pro­ ority. They have the momentum going their got nothing in return. We are treading water posal on its merits, indepndent of SALT, way. on the neutron bomb, again with no recipro­ independent of Soviet objections. Multiple The whole purpose of SALT II, of course, cal concession in sight. We have terminated silos are not a menace to the Soviet Union; is to stabilize this process at rough equ111b­ minuteman III production and delayed MX they merely deny the Soviets the ability rium. To establish limits that insure essen­ and have production delays with Trident. I to destroy our land-based missile force in tial parity. But the suirit of SALT II is as do not think we can gratuitously afford to a first strike. important as the letter of agreement. It is scrap the multiple silo concept, and I am I am somewhat reluctant to make the important to understand that there is no fat, pleased to see Secretary Brown and ACIDA point, but we must understand that there no margin for error or miscalculation, in a Director Warnke agree with this position. comes a point at which no SALT II agree­ U.S. position of parity. They are insisting that the option to deploy ment is preferable to an ambiguous, weak, The United States has available a number a MAPS be preserved in a SALT Il treaty. or dangerous agreement. There ts a limit of options that could restore to this Na- September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29363 tion a position of strategic superiority. They GREAT GOOD FOR AMERICA tions with one class of institutions dedicated include the cruise missile, the B-1 bomber, to providing mortgage credit. We have helped and the multiple silo approach of MX mis­ maintain that class-you-through tax sile. Mo3t are expensive options, both in HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. policies and explicit requirements for in­ terms of cost and in terms of what they OF INDIANA vesting in housing, and through giving you would do to the cherished notion of arms an edge in competing for time deposits. control/limitation. I think it is safe to as­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We have also developed an expanding sec­ sume that we can no longer have arms con­ Wednesday, September 13, 1978 ondary mortgage market and a central lend­ trol and a position of strategic superiority. ing fac1lity to insure sources of mortgage The Soviets wm not permit it, and their at­ • Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, an entire funds during periods of tight credit. titude is probably understandable. economics course could be summed up in This overall structure was a logical and If we forsake superiority and opt for par­ the following concise remarks made by sensible development from the conditions ity together with a welcome element of con­ our colleague DoN BONKER. When the of the depression and through the stable trol, I must be convinced that our partners people of Washington sent DON BONKER monetary period of the 1950's. Indeed, sav­ in the negotiations are not leading us down to Washington, they·did a great good for ings and loans can look back fondly on the the garden path. Otherwise we might be de­ America. Fifties when short-term interest rates were ceived into accepting inferiority. low and long-term rates were high--<:ondi­ Remarks by DON BONKER follow: With every arms limitation agreement-­ tions tailor-made for the savings and loan the LTBT, the SALT I ABM Treaty, SALT I REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN DoN BONKER BE­ industry. interim agreement, the Vladivostok aide FORE THE ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE But experience and inflation raise a chal­ memoire-the Soviets have continued to gain WASHINGTON SAVINGS LEAGUE lenge-a. challenge exemplifiei by the cur­ on us. What assurance do we have that SALT As a homeowner, I welcome the opportu­ rent debate in Congress over allowing fed­ II will put an end to this historical progres­ nity to address a group of mortgage lenders, erally chartered S&L's to use variable rate sion and stabilize the balance of forces? What for I can still recall the sense of awe and mortgage instruments. sign, what indication, do we have from the obligation at signing a mortgage that might First, a number of studies have thrown Soviets that they wm be satisfied with par­ outlive me and for a sum of money which into question the degree to which a policy ity? How do we know that they are not using looked like the national debt. geared toward credit availabllity has in fact arms limitations talks as a smokescreen to As Congressman, I see things a bit differ­ produced a higher level of housing invest­ mask a drive toward superiority? ently, but I can now appreciate the complex­ ment. One economist, after surveying the data came to the following conclusion: "Mak­ The answer, Mr. President, is that we have ity and uncertainty involved in your business no such assurance. We just do not know. We and hopefully oan discuss the secondary ing credit available for housing by regulat­ are asked instead to credit the Soviets with mortgage market from both perspectives­ ing interest rates, selUng bonds to finance honorable intentions, and that is no mean homeowner and law-maker. advances to thrift institutions or by pur­ task on an issue this important. Their record The easy out for me is to simply speak in chasing mortgages does not appear to have of questionable compliance with the SALT that wonderful shorthand of terms and much effect on housing." Part of that con­ I agreements alone should warn us that they acronyms which surrounds the lending busi­ clusion is that credit policies have simply may have more sinister intentions. ness-s&L's, FHLBB, tandem money, "Ginnie displaced one form of credit for another, with Maes," "Fredie Mac," "Fannie Mae," RAM, the result that loan-to-value ratios for hous­ Perhaps the time has come to disabuse our­ VRM, GPN, FHA, VA-and even something ing loans have increased with the increased selves of the notion that a SALT II agree­ called "Canadian rollover." credit diverted to other uses. ment is inevitable and inherently desirable. It is not only your vast importance in pro­ However, in the context of present poli­ In a recent SALT paper circulated by the viding housing that makes us ordinary citi­ cies and politics, that conclusion may be State Department the point is made that-- zens stand in awe-it is your foreign nearly irrelevant since we are not prepared The choice the United States now faces is language. to test it by making drastic changes in between a good agreement protecting and en­ Of course, I do realize that a good portion housing policies or the structure of finan­ hancing our national security, and no agree­ of that strange language is written by the cial institutions. At least for the time being. ment at all. It is against this standard that Federal government--perhaps even too much I add that last note because the threat of what has been achieved at SALT should be of it! continuing inflation and sharp business measured-not against some ideal agreement If it sounds like I am taking some time to cycles presents a t_rue challenge. that as a practical matter, given the relation­ convince you that I am not an expert in The first sign of a continuing challenge to ship between the two countries, cannot be housing and finance, that is accurate. More­ S&L's was probably signaled when Presi­ concluded at this time. over, I do not think you can expect very many dent Kennedy engaged in a deliberate at­ I am bothered by this distinction between members of Congress to be as conversant as tempt to boost short-term interest rates while a good and an ideal agreement. It would seem they should be. keeping long-term rates low in order to stem to me that an agreement that truly protects When I spoke at the Governor's housing an outflow of short-term money to Europe. and enhances our national security would be conference some months back, I made refer­ For all intents and purposes, the era of low ideal. If it pretty much protects our national enc~ to a matrix prepared by the Congres­ short term rates had ended. security, if it protects as well as it is possible sional Budget Otfice. It showed the 22 basic S&L's have found themselves squeezed by to protect in the context of SALT, if there Federal programs which intersect or affect the increasing cost and more competition for de­ are gaps in this protection, then the agree­ traditional housing problems-level and sta­ posits on one side, and interest rate ceilings, ment is not good at all. We should not ac­ b111ty of construction activity, availabil1ty of long-term, "frozen assets, and more attrac­ cept negotiated risks to our national survival mortgage credit, excessive costs, substandard tive alternative investment possibllities on as inevitable. If it is simply the best we can shelter, and declining neighborhoods. There do, then I am not prepared to accept that the other side. were 63 points at which programs intersected Yet we find ourselves unwilling to make standard when it comes to national security; with those traditional problem areas. I do not think the Senate is prepared to ac­ drastic changes in interest rate ceilings on The point I made at the housing confer­ either side of the equation, thus, we turn cept it, and I do not think the American peo­ ence is that no one should be under the illu­ ple will accept it. to seeking to increase the source of mortgage sion that Congress puts together a housing funds through expanded activities of fed­ The United States of America has clearly policy with a keen eye on how those pieces eral agencies. By one estimate, in 1974, fed­ demonstrated its abiding commitment to fit together and how changing one thing eral agencies supplied two-thirds of all arms control by unilaterally allowing itself changes other things. Nor do individual Con­ mortgage funds either directly or indirectly. to move from a position of superiority to a gressmen have a firm grasp on how housing But there is substantial evidence that these position of parity. The Soviets have yet to programs and financial institution legislation funds have not had a one-to-one effect on demonstrate a reciprocal commitment. It is all intersect, overlap and affect each other. now the turn of the Soviets to display good housing investment because they displace Before getting into issues presently before private investment and also involve in­ faith, to cease exploiting every loophole in Congress, it is useful to take a quick over­ existing arms control agreements, to cut back creased government borrowing in the credit view of the evolution of n'.itional policy markets. on their awesome increase in strategic capa­ toward housing and mortgage credit. bility, to accept the notion that we have the The next temptation is to increase Fed­ The most obvious point is that the U.S., eral involvment through selective credit con­ right to insure the survival of our land-based since the depression, has evolved a patch­ missiles-in short, Mr. President, to demon­ trols such as requiring other institutions to strate that they are prepared to stop at parity work policy of seeking to stimulate housing invest in mortgages, changing tax policies and reach a truly equitable SALT II treaty. in investment primarily through insuring to divert funds back into housing. As we hs.ve credit availability. Despite a growing direct seen, there is a reluctance to travel this In the absence of positive indications of involvement through HUD in direct produc­ road because of uncertainty over the effects good will from the Soviet Union, in the tion, our main· policy tool has been to selec­ on the competitive position of institutions absence of positive indications of a commit­ tively control the credit markets to funnel subject to the controls and ultimately on ment to parity and mutual deterence, it is credit into housing. housing investment. going to be difficult indeed for the U.S. Sen­ We have done this through legally main­ Which brings us to the variable rate mort­ ate to approve any SALT II agreement. taining diversity among financial institu- gage. The House presently has before it a 29364: EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1978 bill which will be on the floor in the next Step by step, we blur the distinctions I call this to your attention only because two weeks and which contains a provision among institutions while seeking to cope it portends a very large volume of lending allowing federally charted S&L's to use alter­ with a changing financial and monetary en­ activity to homeowners for insulation, and native mortgage instruments, including the vironment. As you all recall, several years more efficient heating and hot water sys­ variable rate mortgage, in those states which ago we crept up to the edge of the water of tems, yet the bill is vague on exactly how allow them for state chartered thrifts. major change in the structure of financial such lending will take place. I suggest you I wish I could give you an accurate fore­ institutions, but rapidly backed away­ may want to work closely with the Bonne­ cast of whether the provision will survive, largely for fear of what would happen to the ville Power Administration in exploring but I would be foolhardy if I did. There defi­ financing of housing. just what ls ahead.e nitely will be an attempt to strike the pro­ Nonetheless, each category of institution vision from the bill. continues to press for changes which will al­ In 1975, the last time Congress considered low it to cope without having to confront EXPLANATION OF AMENDMENT IN the issue, the variable rate instrument was new competition. I am not saying that is bad, THE NATURE OF A SUBSTITUTE soundly defeated, primarily as a result of only that we should be conscious of what TO CETA strong opposition from labor and consumer we are doing and at least confront whether groups. we are really adapting to the future or simply The proposal this year will likely fare bet­ trying to preserve the past in the face of the HON. JAMES M. JEFFORDS ter because the experience in those states changing e·nvironment. OF VERMONT which have used VRM's has belied most of I wonder whether we may look back on the consumer fears, and because there are the variable rate mortgage as one more at­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES some consumer safeguards built in: tempt to solve part of a problem without Wednesday, September 13, 1978 Among other things, no VRM could be of­ confronting the fact that aoceptance of in­ fered without the consumer being given a flation as a fact of life changes everything. e Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Speaker, this is choice between the standard, fixed-rate mort­ All of the devices we have devised to insure the text of a "Dear Colleague" which ex­ gage and the VRM. mortgage credit availability seem to ·come plains the new provisions in the CETA Increases in the rates would be limited, up somewhat short. The new variable rate and pre-payment penalties forbidden. substitute which I will off er when the certificates of deposit seem to have attracted CETA bill comes to the floor: Any institution offering the VRM must more internal transfers of funds than new make them available for at least a 4 year deposits. EXPLANATION OF AMENDMENT IN THE NATURE period. They have helped, obviously, but perhaps OF A SUBSTITUTE TO CETA For my part, it seems to make sense to let at some long-range cost in further under­ DEAR COLLEAGUE: When the CETA bill was lender and borrower come together under mining Regulation Q and the settled struc­ on the House Floor on August 9, amend­ these conditions on the best instrument for ture of financing housing investment. ments were offered to reduce the wages paid that individual. Moreover, while sensitive to S&L's must have the tools to live with to some CETA participants to more reason­ the concerns of consumer groups, I have seen inflation. But perhaps it is also time to able levels, to shift the emphasis from public no evidence that consumers have suffered recognize that providing those tools is not service employment to youth and training (and there are those safeguards in the bill}. the answer to increasing housing invest­ programs, and therefore, to reduce total pro­ I believe I am correct that VRM's in the ment. gram costs. Now, in order to attract the state of Washington do sell for ';4 to Y:i per­ Up until now we have looked too much broadest support possible in conference cent less than standard instruments. Is that to the supply of credit as the answer to committee negotiations, we will offer a sub­ true? housing supply. We must recognize that stitute bill, which was developed in consulta­ And despite the attention given to the land costs and restrictions, cost escalation tion with the Committee and Subcommittee VRM, my guess is that alternative instru­ in the traditional methods of construction, chairmen and ranking minority members. ments-the graduated payment mortgage, the general level of interest rates and other The substitute retains the basic thrust of the the roll-over, and the reverse annuity mort­ factors are more important in housing Obey and Jeffords amendments, includes all gage-will gain in popularity as much as supply. the other amendments which passed on the the variable rate instrument. This will occur Floor, and contains some additional improve­ as particular classes of borrowers learn that As an officer of a large California S&L recently observed, new mortgage instru­ ments. specific lnstrumen ts are best tailored for (1) As the Obey amendment, the national their individual circumshnces. ments do not necessarily increase the supply of housing. He stated "Until recently, al­ average wages of $7,000 will be retained, but While I have concluded that the VRM ls will be adjusted annually based on changes an acceptable step to take, I should add that most all of the attention has been placed on innovative financial schemes, such as grad­ in the average wage in the prime sponsor's I believe it has been sold on the wrong area. grounas, and that it may not provide much uated payment mortgages, which exaicer­ bate rather than alleviate the problem by (2) As to the Jeffords amendment, the re­ of an answer to the dilemma facing S&L's in duction in the number of public service jobs an inflationary economy. throwing more money into the inflationary fires." under Title VI will be preserved, as will the One argument advanced for use of the shift in emphasis to youth programs and VRM ls that it wm expand the availabllity I do not pretend to have an answer to of mortgage credit by increasing the liquidity either the business cycle or inflation. All private sector initiative programs, but this of S&L assets during periods of inflation. I know is that what we seem to be about reduction will be achieved by reducing the My summary conclusion is that the effect in coping with today's economy surely de­ trigger for the number of authorized jobs from 25 percent to 20 percent of the unem­ of VRM will not be all that great overall. stroys the old adage that the more things change, the more they remain the same. ployed over 4 percent. The one ground on which S&L's can best (3) In order to further increase the em­ defend the VRM, it seems to me, is that it I hope you will forgive me for this very broad-brush talk and any damage I may phasis on training and away from PSE, the will allow a measure of diversification in maximum percentage of funds allowable for portfolios, which is a growing necessity as we have done to the way things really work in financing housing. It just seems to me, PSE in Title II will be reduced from 50 per­ face continued high interest rates for both cent for wages in FY 1979 to 40 percent for short and long terms. to invent an adage, that occasionally the more we try to make things work, the less wages and benefits in FY 1982. This will in­ The paradox here is that this need to in­ crease the funds available for training the still more liquidity in portfolios also calls they work right. As one last footnote, I want to call to structurally unemployed. (In 1977, four into question our resistance to modify the times as many participants in training pro­ structure of financial institutions. yur attention a provision in the re!!'ional energy bill presently before both the House grams found unsubsidized employment as At one time, the structure of interest rates and the Senate. That bill calls for a mas­ did those in PSE programs.) However, be­ seemed to sustain diversit y of institutions, sive energy conservation program which cause of the present lack of a sufficient num­ with banks willing to lend short based upon rests on spending a great deal of money to ber of training programs in many areas of demand deposits and thrifts willing t o lend make homes more energy efficient. No one high unemployment, a waiver may be granted long based upon time deposits. Now we seem has any estimate of how much money we to allow up to 50 percent PSE in these areas. to be in a position of banks wanting to com­ are talking about, but the bill is clear that (4) In order to allow more eligible people pete for deposits and S&L's wanting to avoid money will be spent on conservation up to to have an opportunity to participate in the disadvantages of lending long term. the point that it is more expensive to PSE programs, and to prevent abuses, the At the same time, each institution wants continue spending on conservation than it duration for public service employment to maintain its competitive advantage or is to build new generating faicilities. would be limited to 18 months out of 5 years position. The interesting section of the bill reads rather than 3 years in the Committee bill. It is conceivable that S&L's may get the as follows: This is the same as the provision in the Sen­ variable rate mortgage and almost certainly "To the extent conservation or acquisi­ ate bill. will get extension of regulation Q with Its tion of resources under this Act require di­ (5) Projects under Title VI PSE would be rate ceilings and rate differentials. Banks. it rect arrangements with the ultimate con­ limited to a maximum of 2 years instead of appears, will get authority to make auto­ sumers of electric power, the Bonneville the open-ended provision in the Committee matic account transfers. Credit unions are Power Administrator shall make maximum bill. expanding their residential lending activ­ practicable use of existing institutions able We believe that the substitute bill offers a ities, although slowly. to supply credit to such customers." balanced proposal which better addresses September 13, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29365 the problems of youth, the structurally un­ To resume hearings to examine alleged 10:00 a.m. employed, and the need to provide meaning­ abuses in the GSA's contracting and Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs ful work opportunities and training for 1 m­ procurement divisions. To hold hearings on the use of export subsidized employment. It contains wage 1114 Dirksen Building controls and export credits for for­ provisions which do not disrupt private sec­ SEPTEMBER 19 eign policy purposes. tor wage rates in local areas. In addition, the 9:00 a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building total program costs are significantly reduced, Judiciary Commerce, Science, and Transportation and yet more people will be served. Constitution Subcommittee Business meeting on pending calendar We urge you to support this substitute. To resume hearings on S. 1845, to pre­ business. JAMES M. JEFFORDS, vent unwarranted invasions of privacy 235 Russell Building RONALD A. SARASIN, by prohibiting the use of polygraph Judiciary DAVID R. OBEY, type equipment for certain purposes. Administrative Practice and Procedure PAUL SIMON, 6226 Dirksen Building Subcommittee Members of Congres~ .• 9:30 a.m. Human Resources To hold hearings on S. 2862, proposed Labor Committee Regulatory Control Act. To hold hearings on S. 3060, proposed 2228 Dirksen Building SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS National Workers' Compensation •Select Small Business Standards Act. To resume hearings to explore problems Title IV of the Senate Resolution 4, 4232 Dirksen Building concerning capital formation of small agreed to by the Senate on February 4, 10:00 a.m. independent enterprises. 1977, calls for establishment of a system Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 424 Russell Building for a computerized schedule of all meet­ To mark up S. 3485, to provide for the SEPTEMBER 22 maintenance of r~erves for certain ings and hearings of Senate committees, financial institutions, to require the 9 :30 a.m. subcommittees, joint committees, and imposition of charges for certain serv­ Human Resources committees of conference. This. title ices by Federal Reserve banks, and to Labor Subcommittee re1uires all such committees to notify authorize the payment of interest on To resume hearings on S. 3060, pro­ the Office of the Senate Daily Digest-­ reserves held in Federal Reserve banks. posed National Workers' Compensa­ designated by the Rules Committee-of 5302 Dirksen Building tion Standards Act. the time, place, and purpose of all meet­ Energy and Natural Resources 4232 Dirksen Building ings when scheduled, and any cancella­ Energy Research and Development Sub­ 10:00 a.m. committee Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs tions or changes in meetings as they To hold hearings on S. 3392, to a.ccelera te To continue hearings on the use of occur. the use of solar energy as a source of export controls and export credits for As an interim procedure until the com­ electricity. foreign policy purposes. puterization of this information becomes 3110 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building 1:30 p.m. SEPTEMBER 25 operational the Office of the Senate Daily Conferees Digest will prepare this information for On H.R. 11445, authorizing funds for 8:00 a .m. printing in the Extensions of Remarks programs administered by the Small Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Business Administration. Agricultural Research and General Legis­ section of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on lation subcommittee Monday and Wednesday of each week. Room to be announced SEPTEMBER 20 To resume hearings to examine the Fed­ Any changes in committee scheduling 9:00 a.m. eral Government's role in food safety will be indicated by placement of an Judiciary and quality, with emphasis on the asterisk to the left of the name of the Administrative Practice and Procedures nitrite situation. unit conducting such meetings. Subcommittee 322 Russell Building To resume hearings on S. 2011, proposed SEPTEMBER 26 Meetings scheduled for Thursday, Sep­ Regulatory Rejuction and Congres­ tember 14, 1978, may be found in Daily 10:00 a.m. sional Control Act. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Digest of today's RECORD. 2228 Dirksen Building 9:30 a.m. To hold oversight hearings on problems MEETINGS SCHEDULED Energy and Natural Resources of small business defense contractors. Business meeting on pending calendar 5302 Dirksen Building SEPTEMBER 15 business. Environment and Public Works 8:00a..m. 3110 Dirksen Building Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee Agriculture, Nutrition, a.nd Forestry Human Resources To hold hearings to receive testimony on Agricultural Research a.nd Genera.I Legis­ Labor Subcommittee nuclear reactor safety systems from lation Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 3060, pro­ NRC Chairman Hendrie. To continue hearings to examine the posed National Workers Compensa­ 4200 Dirksen Building Federal Government's role in food tion Standards Act. Finance safety and quality with emphasis on 4232 Dirksen Building Public Assistance Subcommittee the nitrite situation. 10:00 a.m. To hold hearings on H.R. 10848 and H.R. 322 Russell Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 12972, to modify the disability aspects 10:00 a.m. To continue markup of S. 3485, to pro­ of the Supplemental Security Income Conferees vide for the maintenance of reserves program. for certain financial institutions, to re­ On H.R. 13125, making appropriations for 2221 Dirksen Building the Department of Agriculture a.nd re­ quire the imposition of charges for lated agencies for FY 79. certain services by Federal Reserve 2:00 p.m. banks, and to authorize the payment Commerce, Science, and Transportation H-140, Capitol of interest on reserves held in Federal To resume hearings on the objectives a Foreign Relations Reserve banks. national tourism policy should seek to To meet in closed session to receive a. 5302 Dirksen Building achieve. briefing fr.om Administration officials 2:00 p.m. 235 Russell Building on the current situation in Iran. Commerce, Science, and Transportation S-116, Capitol To hold hearings on the objectives a. na­ SEPTEMBER 27 1:00 p.m. tional tourism policy should seek to 9:00 a.m. Governmental Affairs achieve. Governmental Affairs 235 Russell Building Civil Service and General Services Sub­ To hold hearings on S. 3494, proposed committee Presidential Records Act. SEPTEMBER 21 3302 Dirksen Building 9:00 a.m. To hold hearings on S. 1390, to authorize Judiciary certain National Guard employment to SEPTEMBER 18 Constitution Subcommittee be credited for civil service retirement, 10:00 a.m. To resume hearings on S. 1845, to pre­ and S. 1821, to provide paid leave for Finance vent unwarranted invasions of privacy Federal employees participating in To resume markup of H.R. 13511, to by prohibiting the use of polygraph athletic activities as an official repre­ reduce income taxes. type equipment for certain purposes. sentative of the U.S. 2221 Dirksen Building 5110 Dirksen Building 3302 Dirksen Building 29366 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 14, 1978 Governmental Affairs OCTOBER 3 10:00 a.m. Federal Spending Practices and Open 9:30 a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Government Subcommittee Human Resources To continue oversight hearings on the 10:00 a.m. Council on Wage and Price Stability. Labor Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To hold oversight hearings on the ad­ To hold oversight hearings on financing OCTOBER 5 ministration of the Occupational 9:30 a.m. o! future energy needs. Safety and Health Administration Act Human Resources 5302 Dirksen Building (P.L. 91-596). Labor Subcommittee SEPTEMBER 28 4232 Dirksen Building To continue oversight hearings on the 10:00 a.m. Administration of the Occupational 10:00 a.m. Safety and Health Administration Act Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To continue oversight hearings on fi­ (P.L. 91-596). To hold oversight hearings on the Coun­ 4232 Dirksen Building nancing of future energy needs. cil on Wage and Price Stability. 10:00 a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Select Small Business Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee To resume hearings to explore problems OCTOBER 4 To hold oversight hearings on Interna­ concerning capital formation of small 9:30 a.m. tional housing programs. independent enterprises. Human Resources 5302 Dirksen Building 424 Russell Building Labor Subcommittee OCTOBER 6 2:00 p.m. To continue oversight hearings on the 10:00 a .m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To resume hearings on the objectives a Administration of the Occupational Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee national tourism policy should seek to Safety and Health Administration Act To continue oversight hearings on inter­ achieve. (P.L. 91-596). national housing programs. 235 Russell Building 4232 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building

SENATE-Thursday, September 14, 1978

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., •