Posted on Authorea 12 Oct 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160253841.14946557/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. fdfniesbtne,iscswudpouealrenme fsaleg rasalnme feg but aphids eggs female of number conditions, small harsh a extremely or Under eggs 1987). small Burnand, of amounts & and number high (Leather enemies, of large respectively presence natural a or volume, to produce deficiency defensive large nutrition would plant exposure of a insects Besides, their case the substances, increase . 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(Mack the plants trap al., invasive causes ecological et as even to reported and insects was insects native increases phenomenon invasion native of this chemicals of of adaptability time anti-herbivore growth low as herbivores and resource possess The by plants, food reproduction feeding plants non-invasive 2014). potential being invasive a al., of than as possibility et the herbivory plants the invasive (Dai increase to However, less will 2011) attributed 2011). suffer al., al., is et plants et (Schlaepfer Schaffner invasive phenomenon 2005; that this Carpenter, facilitate & indicated for (Sedio chemicals (Cappuccino growth these studies reason plant 2014), native Many the al., inhibiting and and et herbivores 2020). Macel to 2011; et al., resistance (Lankau al., higher et region et via introduction invasion Schaffner in successful 2006; plants plants Arnason, native exotic than & chemicals Cappuccino novel 2004; have to al., likely more were plants Invasive and herbivores Introduction on to plant range. invasive resistance feeding invaded higher of litura the has impacts S. in plant the invasive on plant between that non-invasive of feeding GST explain evaluation exotic and and of the than ecosystem AchE those damage for local and of less implications than the (AchE) activities suffer important in higher cholinesterase have herbivores of were Acetyl native findings difference americana on of These significant americana P. activities P. no icosandra. the the P. is of and americana; There leaves diet P. the icosandra. artificial of P. on that and developmental feeding than diet the litura shorter However, artificial is S. higher. are icosandra of icosandra the P. (GST) P. icosandra, and on on P. Glutathione-S-transferase preference feeding to litura litura preference oviposition S. icosandra, bioassay, S. oviposition of and of laboratory Phytolacca to feeding (OPI) through duration have plant index litura litura litura preference non-invasive S. S. oviposition Spodoptera that exotic and the show of weight the on results larval development The americana and P. the analysis. americana the have activity investigated enzyme of studies Phytolacca We detoxifying impacts few plant the and herbivores. invasive tested effects, on the we short-term plants meanwhile, on about invasive concern generation of only second often effects herbivores the long-term native the on plants on invasive focused of effects the on Studies Abstract 2020 12, October 2 1 Chen Li herbivore congener generalist non-invasive native exotic to than resistance higher has plant Invasive yati dispar Lymantria unnUniversity Yunnan available not Affiliation 1 hnLiu Zhen , eefdo rica itta akn rti,vtmn n ieas h rwhrate growth the minerals, and vitamins protein, lacking that diet artificial on fed were ) 2 hochen Chao , 2 a egLiu feng Dan , 1 2 n iWang Yi and , 2 Posted on Authorea 12 Oct 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160253841.14946557/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. nyeasyt eelipcso naieplant invasive of impacts invasive reveal the to of assay enzyme effects the herbivore examined native on we study, on this feeding In it’s observed was families, several observation). from (personal species observations, plant 180 field than previous more our Through garden, than common reproduction. damage and less growth that shown of suffer to invasion have defense successful studies the for some for resources reason time, the same that the confirmed indicated At research been 2015). 2005). has al., al., it of et et science, metabolites Boo secondary medical of 2014; In content al., the 2008). et in al., (Patra et effects metabolites (Wang proliferation secondary herbivores to the toxic of that plants but The value Chaudhury 2010). medicinal 2011; al., has et al., (Liu Southern et vacuole in metabolites(Liu and on plant wall secondary invasive Researches cell of an value 2018). become medicinal 2009). al., and the provinces et Pearson, and several metals 1999; in heavy spreading of Dicke, accumulation been 1988; has It (Thompson, 2006). China al., et greater (Xu and 1935 defense structural herbivores. and americana on herbivory of P. lesser plants effects invasive had the plants of invasive and plants. impacts that insects non-invasive the found herbivorous than reveal study time nutriment native (2020) the better on to can al. plants related insects et exotic is the herbivorous Huang preference plants of process, native oviposition exotic effects to on this beetles the herbivores plants that In native invasive comparing demonstrated of insects. for, (2014) adaptation herbivorous There al. the native that comparison et dynamics. show on for Dai results plants plants ignored. the invasive local invader, often use of older is herbivores impact plants native exotic the on of of plants presence invasive extent of the attacks impacts prevent determine the eating to to on by researches substances 2016). enemies the toxic Robert, of natural secrete & Most from and Erb themselves 2007) 2014; Several (Heckel, protect al., et enemies herbivores. to et (Rane to natural plants themselves (Despres from benefit to of substances also damage substances poisonous are reduce carrying poisonous sometimes body to plants the produced the body plants in use the that activity could from substances enzyme taken insects substances poisonous the substances unusable The increasing toxic in- remove by convert 2019). of time substances al., insects ability same absorbed Furthermore, the the easily organophosphorus 2005). at affect more targets into al., and directly AChE tract et and intestinal (Enayati 2006). compounds the compounds al., many into toxic et metabolize resist (Xu can to substances GST 2018). sects foreign and compounds al., of compounds organophosphorus et metabolism of carbamate detoxification (Yi the and the plants in in role involved substances of a is toxic substances plays mainly and against toxic CarE effective the on, Glutathione- are so and at and Carboxylesterase(CarE) herbivores Stahl S-transferase(GST) cholinesterase(AChE), specifically of Acetyl 2016; aimed herbivore are midgut Robert, enzymes is survive, the detoxification ex- & Detoxification Common to in avoidance, Erb enzymes plants. order behavioral 2014; detoxification by Heckel, In including The produced 2002; problem, 2018). Agrawal, 2018). this & al., al., solve (Karban et et to mechanisms Witt- Stahl measures detoxification 1990; 2016; al., and corresponding et Baldwin, cretion taken (Lindroth & also substances Schuman have toxic cycle of 2002; insects evolved, life are production Gershenzon, mechanisms their the defense & and extend of palatability, series stock to a poor nutrients insects, 1996). spines, herbivorous obtain long Dixon, against and defend including & even to Sequeira eggs 2019), organisms, 1983; sessile the al., are (Leather, reabsorb et Plants oviposition Xu will for 1982; they opportunity Dixon, eggs, next & the laid (Ward until have embryos insects reabsorb female or development if embryonic greater in invest .americana P. .acinosa P. rgntdfo ot mrc n a nrdcdit hn sa raetlpatin plant ornamental an as China into introduced was and America North from originated pdpealitura Spodoptera .litura S. .acinosa P. santv ognrwith congener native a is a eerce nsvrlhaymtl sM n d hc r trdi the in stored are which Cd, and Mn as metals heavy several in enriched be can hog aoaoybooia sas vpsto rfrneaddetoxification and preference oviposition assays, biological laboratory through arcu,wihi omnntv eeaiti hn n ol damage could and China in generalist native common a is which Fabricius, .americana P. hnte rwi aests(i ta. 00.I h edadour and field the In 2020). al., et (Liu sites same in grow they when .aericana P. .americana P. aeatbceil nixdn n nimlgatcell anti-malignant and antioxidant antibacterial, have .americana P. r ihrta hto other of that than higher are .americana P. 2 .americana P. .americana P. nntv ebvr nntv ecosystems. native in herbivore native on aehg ocnrto fspnn which saponin, of concentration high have nCia lhuhHage l (2016) al. et Huang Although China. in n xtcnon-invasive exotic and .americana P. nCiamyb h reallocate the be may China in .americana P. Phytolacca aefcsdo the on focused have ebr (Kim members and .americana P. .icosandra P. .acinose P. Posted on Authorea 12 Oct 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160253841.14946557/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. n ctlhlnseae eemaue.Teseicmaueetmto sbsdo h instructions the kit assay on analyses Acetylcholinesterase Statistical based and is Institute. glutathione-S-transferase method) Research as (Colorimetric method such Bioengineering kit measurement enzymes, Jiancheng assay detoxifying specific Nanjing (GSH-ST) of The S-transferdse activity The Glutathione measured. of (2008). were al. acetylcholinesterase, et Chen and of feeding method for four the cage m), on the 0.75 in x placed m were 0.75 plants x three m instar, 0.75 fourth = the until feed . to B) allowed plant plant invasive on the eggs on of on americana feeding number eggs of total whether number the test total To + activity -the A A enzyme plant plant detoxification on for on eggs of method eggs of calculation of Determination number The number total total test. 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Biocontrol they until and Ke then 14L:10D) Yun cm) and 1, from 14 +- expanded, x (26.0oC fully incubator cm were an 17 leaves in = formed, three height of were least x cotyledons eggs at diameter two The until (outer After tray 14L:10D). pots plug flower 1oC, in a +- and to cultivated (26oC to dormancy, transferred were incubator were transferred break seeds an were to the in seedlings water, minutes cultured purified the 10-15 and with times medium for washing3-5 agar Before acid After 1% sulfuric experiments. ethanol. subsequent by75% concentrated for sterilized environment with were dry then a soaked in were dried then seeds and washed germination, were seeds the mashed, being (24 of Berries insects and Plants methods and Materials ° 3N 0dg5E)adYna giutrlUiest 2dg3N 0dg4E) epciey After respectively. 102deg74’E,), (25deg13’N, University Agricultural Yunnan and 102deg85’E,) 83’N, eecvrdi hod u he ar nec ae n ttesm ie three time, same the at and cage, each in pairs three put shroud, a in covered were avewr erdwt h evsof leaves the with reared were larvae .americana P. lnswr u ntesru n second-instar and shroud the in put were plants .litura S. lnso h aesz eepae ln h ignli ae(eghxwdhxegt=1m = xheight width x (length cage a in diagonal the along placed were size same the of plants eeprhsdfo u eBooto opn Hnn hn)adte eekept were then and China) (Henan, Company Biocontrol Ke Yun from purchased were and .icosandra P. .litura S. .litura S. .litura S. gso h ln evswsosre n one al.Ec cage Each daily. counted and observed was leaves plant the on eggs eecletdi ue21 ertehsia fYna University Yunnan of hospital the near 2019 June in collected were .litura. S. .litura, S. avewr lcdi ahpat ntesm way, same the In plant. each in placed were larvae .americana P. .americana P. .icosandra P. h rprto fteezm tc ouinwsbased was solution stock enzyme the of preparation The h avewr e ihatfiilde ni ua as pupae until diet artificial with fed were larvae the 3 .litura S. eepae nec aelnt it height x width x cage(length each in placed were .litura S. l er ihswr lcdi thermostat a in placed were dishes petri All . ileetteezm ciiyof activity enzyme the effect will .litura S. eepae ntelae ftepatand plant the of leaves the on placed were fscn-ntrwr lcdo 9-cm a on placed were second-instar of .litura S. h ln evsta h larvae the that leaves plant The . .litura S. .americana P. a bevd hn the Then, observed. was mre,autof adult emerged, .americana P. .litura S. .icosandra P. Similarly, . S.litura , and P. S. Posted on Authorea 12 Oct 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160253841.14946557/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. .litura that S. indicating worse, is litura. performance its specific. species but to due is results of Arnason, of weight & performance larval cappuccino larval the 2005; the that investigated show Carpenter, results we & study, the (Cappuccino unique this phytochemically plants are non-invasive In plants invasive than most 2006). herbivory addition, was different In less significant activity 2019). was suffer development al., GST and on larvae et (Andrea 4A). 2002), feed species Leather, to plant 4B). & host allowed (Fig. between (Awmack were (Fig. two preference larvae and small when latter performance was activity the insect’s activity high of GST had of activity Both determination enzyme test. activity the AChE in of americana significant results the no to was similar the there by but induced diet, activity enzymes The activity enzyme Detoxification americana. female the that 3B, indicating (Fig. (OPI) of preference index preference oviposition female from find 3A, by be laid (Fig. can eggs significance of significant number no the had although test, choice the In preference Oviposition 2C, (Fig. of period development of to duration ( developmental used laboratory the was the plant of in which number different matter egg cantly no and addition, weight In pupal The pattern. same the showed all the of generation feed leaves second and the first on of reared larvae the up, second-generation the of ( of development that larval of 24 and The litura analized S. we which in of used, activity was GST) ANOVA Results one-way and a AChE Then, (i.e. t-test. enzyme weight) of nonparametric detoxifying larval by intestinal performance (i.e. compared performance Others were insect OPI on and species. effects the plant test each to used of was (ANOVA) variance of analysis Two-way aefudteopst atr,Fedn n on 21)dmntaeta aiegnrls herbivore generalist native studies that other demonstrate from results (2011) some However, Conn. and 2014). on Fielding al., poorly borealis pattern, et develop Melanoplus Dai opposite insects 2010; phytophagous the of al., that found larvae confirmed et have the have (Ditommaso which whole, plants studies invasive the previous exotic On most with 1). consistent (Fig. is development larval icosandra of P. 18th and 15th days .litura S. hr a osgicn ieec ntewih fteppeof pupae the of weight the in difference significant no was There .litura S. .americana P. .litura S. rfr xtcnnivsv plant non-invasive exotic prefers hthdfdon fed had that P oee,teatvt fGTi h igto avefdatfiildesand diets artificial fed larvae of midgut the in GST of activity the However, . h eeomn ftelra rmfis n eodgnrto hwdtesm eut.This results. same the showed generation second and first from larvae the of development the , 0.0147) = .litura S. averae ntelae of leaves the on reared larvae ffcstesria aeo h etgnrto flra n h P a etrrflc the reflect better can OPI the and larvae of generation next the of rate survival the affects eodgnrto avewihdls hnfis-eeainlra Fg 1). (Fig. larvae first-generation than less weighed larvae second-generation rfrt edivsv weed invasive feed to prefer nte1t n 8hdy flra eeomn ( development larval of days 18th and 15th the on . biul,teOIof OPI the Obviously, . .litura S. .litura S. .icosandra P. .litura S. .litura S. P .litura S. erdo h evsof leaves the on reared > avewr iia ota ftefis-eeainlra Fg ) osum To 1). (Fig. larvae first-generation the of that to similar ware larvae P .5,bttewih of weight the but 0.05), nsi oesial o h eeomn flra oprdwith compared larvae of development the for suitable more it finds .81 Fg AadB.Teewr infiatdffrne between differences significant were There B). and 2A (Fig. 0.7861) = .litura S. .icosandra P. edn nioae evsof leaves isolated on feeding .americana P. rdcdmr gscmae to compared eggs more produced P ol rwt h eodgnrto hnfeigon feeding when generation second the to grow could .litura S. .americana P. 0.1902), = erdwith reared .litura S. .icosandra P. .americana p. rpstectorum Crepis a ihron higher was ege oeta htof that than more weighed Discussion 4 .litura S. a ihrta htof that than higher was .litura S. .americana P. ua egt g ubr,dvlpetduration development numbers, egg weight, pupal and .americana P. .litura S. shge hnta of that than higher is .icosandra P. a ogtr ffc ndvlpetof development on effect long-term a has eae rfre ooioi on oviposit to preferred females .litura. S. nthe on .litura S. P h otpatqaiyhsteipcsfor impacts the has quality plant host The .icosandra P. osbeepaainfrteedifferent these for explanation Possible . .13.Teevrnetlcoc of choice environmental The 0.0103). = .americana P. rdon bred .icosandra P. P .litura S. a ogrta htof that than longer was < on SS 50 rok Y USA),. NY, Armonk, 25.0, (SPSS and a iia egt ndy1,21 12, day on weights similar had .0)(i.1.Tedevelopment The 1). (Fig. 0.005) .americana P. .americana P. hnta on that than .icosandra P. .icosandra P. ewe h w lns but plants, two the between .americana P. .icosandra P. and .litura S. .americana P. and .icosandra P. .americana P. .icosandra P. and eeo etron better develop Fg B.There 2B). (Fig. .americana P. a ihrthan higher was eentsignifi- not were .americana P. .icosandra, P. n artificial and h larvae The . .icosandra P. .icosandra P. Fg 3B), (Fig. n the and , plants nthe in on P. P. S. Posted on Authorea 12 Oct 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160253841.14946557/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. americana ACKNOWLEDGMENTS plant invasive of impact the ecosystem. of evaluation the for implications of americana influence of P. mechanism the generalist adaptation of native the mechanism that reflect the found also reflect we can can summary, it it of In hand, hand, generation other one second the the on the on while of generation, , first activity the enzyme second of detoxification on the that the effects during If long-term experiment, of this generations. mechanism in specific However, The 2008). mortality. al., et of (Wang generation isothiocyanates and glucosinolates as of activity GST higher the by induced the activity from in of substances chemicals enzymes defensive unusable detoxification of remove The time 2006). same of al., the GST substances et at absorbed with (Xu and easily themselves fed to body more been damage into the (Heckel, reduce tract in substances to intestinal activity defense body the enzyme plant into the to taken increasing responding substances by insects toxic for convert strategy Insects effective 2014). an are experiment, enzymes this Detoxification In 2007). be should al., on insect preferentially et on the (Despres 2001). eggs order (Mayhew, of offspring of offspring in of production larvae the of plants number egg of survival on large the the rate eggs to a preference, survival of conducive oviposition the numbers not insect’s with is greater plant the combined lay this will measuring if insects when even some fitness, Therefore, own as only, their improve insects to of quantity of egg-laying index the oviposition different preference have the plants oviposition that two the the unlikely the on is to because it be According may Therefore, and laid. function size. compounds sheltering same plant’s organic the chemicals, the volatile were The defense on on experiment based based present. selected this host) is 2011) in quality location al., used (i.e seedlings et plants insects the Tasin host for size, the 2005; information of of al., source suitable et important the (Schoonhoven an judge as can compounds insects organic Volatile and plants. defense by released and experiment, compounds nutrients preference with of oviposition compared the influence In plants the and conclusion. with small this not confirm relatively coupled to are could of 2016), by eggs dynamics generation al., laid the population third et by eggs the of (Meghan obtained of larvae resources number poor the the the is substances, and because in development larvae probably difference later different, the 2002). the the be al., of to also et death addition (Awmack insects should the In allocation eggs of of resource pupae. strategy and because to eggs reproduction generation develop of the second size affect the and number in also rearing the can of as, experiment substances such The 2016), defensive al., and et nutrients (Meghan of in quantities substances defensive and by many provided are nutrients there the and because be may .icosandra P. .litura S. .litura S. n t efrac spol on poorly is performance its and .litura S. .litura S. a ihrngtv ffc ntentv herbivore native the on effect negative higher has .icosandra P. fe feeding after .icosandra P. htfdo the on fed that .americana P. yu persicae Myzus ol ananon maintain could Fg B.I smr betv ojdeteoioiinpeeec fiscsbsdon based insects of preference oviposition the judge to objective more is It 3B). (Fig. .americana P. ave h avldtxfiainezmswr o esrddet h ihlarval high the to due measured not were enzymes detoxification larval the larvae, .americana P. yu persicae Myzus .litura S. .icosandra P. , .litura S. .americana P. .americana P. oprdto compared otismr aois(oge l,20) n usqetyls gswere eggs less subsequently and 2005), al., et (Yong saponins more contains .icosandra P. nscnaymtbltso rsiapat,adterslssoe that showed results the and plants, Brassica of metabolites secondary on aveo h evsof leaves the on larvae Fg A.Ti eutwspsil nune ytevltl organic volatile the by influenced possibly was result This 3A). (Fig. on .americana P. a ihrthan higher was .americana P. n uigtedvlpeto h eodgnrto flarvae, of generation second the of development the during and a efrbte dpaint ln eodr eaoie such metabolites secondary plant to adaptation better for be may .americana P. evswsrltvl ihr hsdmntae httequantity the that demonstrated This higher. relatively was leaves .americana P. .americana P. n rica itwr esrd h ciiyo CEand AChE of activity The measured. were diet artificial and , .americana. P. .litura S. hwdhge efrac,s the so performance, higher showed 5 utfrtognrtos nteftr,w ilmonitor will we future, the In generations. two for just ntefil ihcgdpat o eea generations several for plants caged with field the in rfreoi no-invasive exotic prefer .litura S. .icosandra P. . hc aengtv ffcson effects negative have which r o ucetfrtedvlpetof development the for sufficient not are .litura S. .americana P. .icosandra P. .americana P. hs eut hwdta h naieplant invasive the that showed results These ti osdrdta tpeest a eggs lay to prefers it that considered is it , .litura S. a netgtdb xmnn multiple examining by investigated was .litura S. rni ta.(05 etdteGST the tested (2005) al. et Francis . and hs nig aeimportant have findings These . .litura S. and nntv ebvrsi h local the in herbivores native on admr gson eggs more laid .icosandra P. .americana P. .litura S. .litura S. .icosandra P. on .litura S. .americana P. .litura S. .litura S. h ult fthe of quality the , a ieetfrom different was a terminated was adeg more eggs laid oinvasive to r iia in similar are .americana P. .litura S. .icosandra P. hc had which , h types The . .litura S. . laid P. Posted on Authorea 12 Oct 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160253841.14946557/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ik,M 19)Aehrioeidcdpatvltlsrlal niaoso ebvr iden- herbivore of indicators reliable volatiles plant arthropods? herbivore-induced carnivorous Are foraging https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00475.x. (1999) to tity M. chemicals. plant with to species Dicke, resistance insect plant of exotic Evolution, ecology novel evolutionary & The to Ecology (2007) beetle in C. Trends native Gallet, and a J.P. of David, L., Responses Despres, (2014) J. Ding, & history. J., invasion midgut Zhang, varying the X., from Lu, proteins H., bor- binding brush Dai, different Cry1Ac of of Effects analysis (2008) proteomic armigera. Y.Y. on Helicoverpa Guo, K.M., of protocols Wu, isolation J., vesicle Zhang, membrane B.G., der Rector, silico G.M., recovery Liang, in L.Z., on and Chen, tincture report phytolacca-mother Case of (2008) use B.B. complementary by Subudhi, infection analysis. M., virus Mohanty, encephalitis S.K., Japanese Behera, from A.K., Panda, exotic non-invasive H.C., than Chaudhury, herbivory less suffer plants exotic Invasive (2005) plants. plants. D. Carpenter, exotic and invasive N. of Cappuccino, chemistry Novel (2006) https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0433. J.T. Arnason, 189-93. and N. increased Cappuccino, of evolution the and success invasive 9295(2004)002[0436:NWISAT]2.0.CO;2. weapons: Novel (2004) ability. L. competitive W.M. americana Ridenour, phytolacca and R.M. of tyrosinase Callaway, parts and antioxidant different effect, animal from Antimicrobial of (2015) extract conservation H.-Y. Scienc the Park, the of and and activity S.-H. traps Woo, inhibitory J.-H., Ecological Park, H.-O., habitats: Boo, bad love animals good When populations. (2004) insects. J. herbivorous Battin, in fecundity and quality org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145300. plant Host (2002) Entomology S.R. of Leather, Review and C.S. Awmack, at found be may project References this for data relevant all The STATEMENT AVAILABILITY DATA manuscript(equal). DFL: paper(equal). LC: CONTRIBUTION AUTHOR interests. competing no have authors The by supported was INTEREST work OF Science This Natural CONFLICT National insects. the feeding and (31870362). (2017YFC1200100) for China Program Xiong of Development Yun-Tao Foundation and and Research Yao Key Shi-Qian National thank the to like would We lndaddsge h eerheul;promdeprmnseul;aaye aaadwoethe wrote and data analyzed experiments(equal); performed research(equal); the designed and planed lndaddsge h eerheul;asse ocnutteeprmn(qa) eie the revised experiment(equal); the conduct to assisted research(equal); the designed and planed ,6() 6-7.https://doi.org/10.7740/kjcs.2015.60.3.366. 366-373. 60(3), e, ilg letters, Biology ora fHra Medicine Herbal of Journal osrainBiology Conservation ZL: sitdt odc h experiment(equal). the conduct to assisted YW: rnir nEooyadteEnvironment, the and Ecology in Frontiers () 3-3.https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0341. 435-438. 1(4), 7 1-4.https://doi. 817-844. 47, , clgclEntomology Ecological netScience Insect lndaddsge h eerheul;rvsdtemanuscript(equal). the revised research(equal); the designed and planed 26,2837 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.02.010. 298-307. 22(6), 86,18-41 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00417.x. 1482-1491. 18(6), , 4 22.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2018.10.001. 22-28. 14, , 56,4753 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2008.00238.x. 497-503. 15(6), , noooi xeietlsE Applicata, Et Experimentalis Entomologia 91,1814 https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12072. 118-124. 39(1), , 6 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13076882.v1 CC: () 3-4.https://doi.org/10.1890/1540- 436-443. 2(8), sitdt odc h xeiet(equal). experiment the conduct to assisted oenJunlo Crop of Journal Korean ilg letters, Biology 11,131-142. 91(1), Annual 2(2), . 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All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160253841.14946557/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. has-higher-resistance-to-native-generalist-herbivore-than-exotic-non-invasive-congener but natives Figures.pdf rare than competitive more file are plants Hosted alien Common natives. (2019) Z-Ligustilide common (2018) M. than G.R. Kleunen, not Li, Van J.Y., adult and Shi, Z.J. alate D.J., Larvae. Zhang, Liu, litura in J., Spodoptera Zhou, of medicine adaptation L., Enzymes alternative Detoxification Li, Reproductive and and C., stress. complementary Growth Wang, (2019) on H., starvation Effect He, J.X. Hormetic Z., under Yu, Exerted Wu, G., avenae Dou, and Sitobion Y., X.S. 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