Birute Galdikas: the Professor of the Red Apes " DONT ENJOY Giving In- Especiallytall for a Western I Terviews," Bimte Galdikas, Woman

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Birute Galdikas: the Professor of the Red Apes Birute Galdikas: The Professor of the Red Apes " DONT ENJOY giving in- especiallytall for a Western I terviews," Bimte Galdikas, woman. But she towers over EAR11-fWATCHprincipal investi- most Indonesians, including her gator for the Orangutan Project, husband. is saying. Indeed, she seems un- When the professor arrived in characteristicallyill at ease. She Tanjung Puting little was known squirms in her chair and fidgets about the mysterious orangu- with an unlit cigarette. tan. "I was most surprised to Galdikas has no good reason learn how much bark they eat," to feel uncomfortable. It's 95 she says,"and at cerrain times of degrees (in the shade) and the the year how little fruit they humidity stands at 85 percent. consume. For months they She's nursing fire-ant bites, and gorge themselves on insects. It the mosquitoes are especially was an EARTHWATCHgroup abundant, but basicallythings [Team VIII, 1984] who wit- are as they alwaysare and have nessed orangutans eating meat. been for the past 14years in the That had never been seen in the Tanjung Puting Reserveon the wild before. It was perhaps our island of Borneo in Indonesia. most dramatic revelation ever." Along with her husband and Galdikas says her EARTH- tWoof her three children, Gal- WATCHvolunteers are indispens- dikas livesin a small but ample able. "People have no idea how wooden bungalow. At one end much papetWork is involved in of the very rustic living-dining any scientificproject. And it's room her three-year-old son tcue: if you don't publish, you Frederickfrolicswith his toys. perish. I don't know how I'd The shelves overflowwith a find the time if it wasn't for the combination of scientificvol- volunteers taking data and umes and children's books. photographs." Above Galdikas is a framed Despite her 14 years of re- poster of an orangutan, the least search and writing, Galdikas known and most endangered of Birute Galdikas with orangutan at her camp in Borneo. claims little credit for populariz- all the great apes- the animal ing orangs. "Clint EastWoodis she rraveled halfway around the "LouisLeakeygave'us our fo; orangutans. Dozens of the the hero," she says. EastWood world to study. starts," she says. "I don't think red apes commute betWeen the costarred with an orangutan She pops out of her chair and it's a coincidence that we're all forest and the camp, where named Clyde in the movie opens the back door. "Isn't the women. Leakeybelieved women shelter and food are provided. Every Which way But Loose in light beautiful today? And are more patient and observant Eventually, some animals are 1978, and again tWoyears later listen to those birds." She leaves than men. I think I agree. In- able to revert back to the wild. in Any Which Way You Can. "The second movie was won- the door open and sips her cof- creasingly,primatologists are Brindamour spent much of fee. "I've alwaysbeen interested women. Also, this is not a get- those first years chasing loggers derful," she says. ''I'll never in animals and human history. rich-quick job. Men tend to out of Tanjung Puring. Galdikas forget when EastWoodsaid to Trying to understand where we seek career advancement. Well, finally lights her cigarette. the cop [about Clyde], 'He's his came from has foreverbeen a I'm here in Borneo and there's "More than anything," she says, own person; I don't own him.' passion of mine. It seems to be no promotion in sight. This is "I'm proud that we saved this That was absolutely magnifi- clear that we humans, before we it." national park. And by continu- cent. In one sentence that de- entered the savannahsof this Galdikas first arrived on the ing to live l}ere,we safeguard it. fmes the orangutan's character." earth, must have left the trop- island with her former spouse, Last year we caught 97 loggers." The professor begins to' ical rain forest. SoI wasinter- Rod Brindamour. They were Mter 7111.years in Borneo, laugh. "If I could hire a~y actor ested in learning about the one surprised to find orangutans still however, Brindamour yearned to porrray an orangutan m a great ape still left behind in the being kept as pets throughout to return to Norrh America. film I'd cast Lucille Ball or Grace rain forest." Indonesia despite the fact that it Their son Binti joined him. "My Kelly. Lucyhas the red hair and The professor, asshe prefers was against the law to do so. life was here," says Galdikas. she clowns. Kelly had the cool to be called, is talking in a sweet "Rod deservesa medal for his "My goal is to learn about the demeanor. i love the noncha- and verysoft voice. Her gentle work," she says. "We physically life history of orangutans. I sus- lant gaze out of the corner of features mask her 39 years. She's confiscated the animals, finally pect their life expectancy is sixty her eye. It's the same as an still using the unlit cigarette as a ending the orangutan trade. years. There are so many ques- orangutan's." prop, gesruring with it occasion- The first Indonesian phrase Rod tions yet to be answered." Though she often returns to ally to punctuate a sentence or learned was, 'This officer is here She stayed in Borneo and North America as a visiting pro- to point to a framed poster pro- with me sowe can confiscate eventUallymarried a pr~minent fessorat Simon FraserUniversity in British Columbia, Indonesia moting a lectUreshe once pre- this orangutan.' ". local Indonesian. Their children is her home. "It's where I'm sented at the Chicago Academy The former pets were iIl- are bilingual and bicultUral. of Scienceswith fellowprimatol- equipped to be released into the Born in Wiesbaden, Germany most comforrable," saysGaldi- ogists Dian Fosseyand Jane rain forest, and so Galdikas's and raised in Canada, Galdikas kas. 'This is where I'll spend the Goodall. camp became a halfway house is about five-foot-seven- not rest ofmylife." - STEVEDALE 8 EAR11-fWATCH/JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1986.
Recommended publications
  • ASEBL Journal
    January 2019 Volume 14, Issue 1 ASEBL Journal Association for the Study of EDITOR (Ethical Behavior)•(Evolutionary Biology) in Literature St. Francis College, Brooklyn Heights, N.Y. Gregory F. Tague, Ph.D. ▬ ~ GUEST CO-EDITOR ISSUE ON GREAT APE PERSONHOOD Christine Webb, Ph.D. ~ (To Navigate to Articles, Click on Author’s Last Name) EDITORIAL BOARD — Divya Bhatnagar, Ph.D. FROM THE EDITORS, pg. 2 Kristy Biolsi, Ph.D. ACADEMIC ESSAY Alison Dell, Ph.D. † Shawn Thompson, “Supporting Ape Rights: Tom Dolack, Ph.D Finding the Right Fit Between Science and the Law.” pg. 3 Wendy Galgan, Ph.D. COMMENTS Joe Keener, Ph.D. † Gary L. Shapiro, pg. 25 † Nicolas Delon, pg. 26 Eric Luttrell, Ph.D. † Elise Huchard, pg. 30 † Zipporah Weisberg, pg. 33 Riza Öztürk, Ph.D. † Carlo Alvaro, pg. 36 Eric Platt, Ph.D. † Peter Woodford, pg. 38 † Dustin Hellberg, pg. 41 Anja Müller-Wood, Ph.D. † Jennifer Vonk, pg. 43 † Edwin J.C. van Leeuwen and Lysanne Snijders, pg. 46 SCIENCE CONSULTANT † Leif Cocks, pg. 48 Kathleen A. Nolan, Ph.D. † RESPONSE to Comments by Shawn Thompson, pg. 48 EDITORIAL INTERN Angelica Schell † Contributor Biographies, pg. 54 Although this is an open-access journal where papers and articles are freely disseminated across the internet for personal or academic use, the rights of individual authors as well as those of the journal and its editors are none- theless asserted: no part of the journal can be used for commercial purposes whatsoever without the express written consent of the editor. Cite as: ASEBL Journal ASEBL Journal Copyright©2019 E-ISSN: 1944-401X [email protected] www.asebl.blogspot.com Member, Council of Editors of Learned Journals ASEBL Journal – Volume 14 Issue 1, January 2019 From the Editors Shawn Thompson is the first to admit that he is not a scientist, and his essay does not pretend to be a scientific paper.
    [Show full text]
  • ALL APES GREAT and SMALL VOLUME 1: AFRICAN APES Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects Series Editor: Russell H
    ALL APES GREAT AND SMALL VOLUME 1: AFRICAN APES Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects Series Editor: Russell H. Tuttle, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois This peer-reviewed book series will meld the facts of organic diversity with the continuity of the evolutionary process. The volumes in this series will exemplify the diversity of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches currently employed by primatolo- gists and physical anthropologists. Specific coverage includes: primate behavior in natural habitats and captive settings; primate ecology and conservation; functional morphology and developmental biology of primates; primate systematics; genetic and phenotypic differ- ences among living primates; and paleoprimatology. All Apes Great and Small Volume 1: African Apes Co-edited by Biruté M. F. Galdikas, Nancy Erickson Briggs, Lori K. Sheeran, Gary L. Shapiro, and Jane Goodall ALL APES GREAT AND SMALL VOLUME 1: AFRICAN APES Co-Edited by Biruté M. F. Galdikas President Orangutan Foundation International Los Angeles, California Nancy Erickson Briggs California State University at Long Beach Long Beach, California Lori K. Sheeran California State University at Fullerton Fullerton, California Gary L. Shapiro Vice-President Orangutan Foundation International Los Angeles, California and Jane Goodall President The Jane Goodall Institute KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBook ISBN: 0-306-4761-1 Print ISBN: 0-306-46757-7 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht,
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Volume 1.qxd 9/13/2005 3:29 PM Page xlvii GGGGG INTRODUCTION The Anthropological Quest hominid ancestors, as well as ideas about the emer- gence of social organizations and cultural adaptations. Anthropology is the study of humankind in terms of As a result of both research over scores of decades and scientific inquiry and logical presentation. It strives for the convergence of facts and concepts, anthropologists a comprehensive and coherent view of our own species now offer a clearer picture of humankind’s natural within dynamic nature, organic evolution, and socio- history and global dominance. cultural development. The discipline consists of five With the human being as its focus, the discipline major, interrelated areas: physical/biological anthro- of anthropology mediates between the natural and pology, archaeology, cultural/social anthropology, social sciences while incorporating the humanities. Its linguistics, and applied anthropology. The anthropo- acceptance and use of discoveries in biology, for logical quest aims for a better understanding of and example, the DNA molecule, and its attention to rele- proper appreciation for the evolutionary history, vant ideas in the history of philosophy, such as the sociocultural diversity, and biological unity of concepts presented in the writings of Marx and humankind. Anthropologists see the human being as Nietzsche, make anthropology a unique field of study a dynamic and complex product of both inherited and a rich source for the relevant application of facts, genetic information and learned social behavior within a cultural milieu; symbolic language as articu- late speech distinguishes our species from the great apes. Genes, fossils, artifacts, monuments, languages, and societies and their cultures are the subject matter of anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • Jane Goodall: a Timeline 3
    Discussion Guide Table of Contents The Life of Jane Goodall: A Timeline 3 Growing Up: Jane Goodall’s Mission Starts Early 5 Louis Leakey and the ‘Trimates’ 7 Getting Started at Gombe 9 The Gombe Community 10 A Family of Her Own 12 A Lifelong Mission 14 Women in the Biological Sciences Today 17 Jane Goodall, in Her Own Words 18 Additional Resources for Further Study 19 © 2017 NGC Network US, LLC and NGC Network International, LLC. All rights reserved. 2 Journeys in Film : JANE The Life of Jane Goodall: A Timeline April 3, 1934 Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall is born in London, England. 1952 Jane graduates from secondary school, attends secretarial school, and gets a job at Oxford University. 1957 At the invitation of a school friend, Jane sails to Kenya, meets Dr. Louis Leakey, and takes a job as his secretary. 1960 Jane begins her observations of the chimpanzees at what was then Gombe Stream Game Reserve, taking careful notes. Her mother is her companion from July to November. 1961 The chimpanzee Jane has named David Greybeard accepts her, leading to her acceptance by the other chimpanzees. 1962 Jane goes to Cambridge University to pursue a doctorate, despite not having any undergraduate college degree. After the first term, she returns to Africa to continue her study of the chimpanzees. She continues to travel back and forth between Cambridge and Gombe for several years. Baron Hugo van Lawick, a photographer for National Geographic, begins taking photos and films at Gombe. 1964 Jane and Hugo marry in England and return to Gombe.
    [Show full text]
  • Law in Sociobiological Perspective
    Florida State University Law Review Volume 5 Issue 2 Article 2 Spring 1977 Law in Sociobiological Perspective Dr. Margaret Gruter Stanford University, Program in Human Biology Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation Dr. Margaret Gruter, Law in Sociobiological Perspective, 5 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. 181 (1977) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol5/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LAW IN SOCIOBIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE DR. MARGARET GRUTER* I. INTRODUCTION This article is intended to acquaint legal scholars with recent findings in the biologically based behavioral sciences which may be relevant to an understanding of legal phenomena. The ideas expressed herein may stimulate further inquiries and research into the inter- action of law and behavior and may help bridge the gap between the natural sciences and the empirical studies of law. Legal research will keep pace more effectively with rapid changes in human society if the findings of the basic sciences are known and accepted by legal scholars. In view of the danger to the very continua- tion of the human species, due in part to the advancement in the natural sciences, legal research is of the utmost importance. Knowledge is neutral: what we do with it is crucial. Scientific research, with the help of law, could better our social order, but only if law builds on scientific research.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethical Issues in African Great Ape Field Studies
    Ethical Issues in African Great Ape Field Studies Lori Gruen, Amy Fultz, and Jill Pruetz Abstract lenging ethical issues. There has been some discussion of the ethics of field research with great apes specifically, and Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/article-abstract/54/1/24/670008 by guest on 24 March 2020 Great apes have been systematically studied in the wild for primates more generally (Mackinnon and Riley 2010). Given over half a century. Great apes are now critically endangered the challenges that such work raises, it is surprising that spe- and this raises significant ethical issues for field primatolo- cific ethical guidelines for field research have not yet gists who study and work to conserve these primates and emerged (Fedigan 2010; ASP 2000). This essay will discuss their habitats. The most immediate ethical concerns involve some of the ethical issues raised by African great ape re- the well-being of the subjects, but there are also important search in the hopes of generating a greater dialogue about ethical considerations involved in researchers’ interactions best practices. The issues with the even more seriously en- with local human populations and extracting industry repre- dangered orangutans in Indonesia and Malaysia are crucially sentatives. This essay will discuss some of the ethical issues important given the rapid destruction of their habitat for the raised by African great ape research, with the hope of gener- development of palm oil plantations (Sharma et al. 2012). ating greater dialogue about best practices. After brieflypre- But the focus of this paper will be on gorillas, chimpanzees, senting the history of great ape fieldwork, the ethical issues and bonobos, otherwise known as the African great apes.
    [Show full text]
  • Birutė Galdikas, Born of World War II Lithuanian Refugees, Has Forged an International Reputation with Extensive Research on Borneo’S Orangutans
    LITHUANIAN PROFILES Among the PHOTOS: ORANGUTAN FOUNDATION INTERNATIONAL Birutė Galdikas, born of World War II Lithuanian refugees, has forged an international reputation with extensive research on Borneo’s orangutans. LITHUANIAN HERITAGE NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 1998 GREAT APES h a t ’s M y L in e ?” w a s BY TOM GREGG cluded she needed to challenge these early television’s most concerns as well as research when popular game show. with their genetic similarities to man. she arrived in Borneo in late 1971. They awarded no va­ And the three comprise the so-called Backed by three private founda­ cation cruises or lux­ great apes class because of their adult tion grants, she and Canadian hus­ W ury cars, but the game itselfsize, was ranging stim­ from a female chimpan­ band Rod Brinclamour pitched camp ulating. It required a celebrity panel zee’s fifty pounds to a male gorilla’s in the Tanjung Puting game reserve. to guess through yes/no questioning four hundred. But the groups branch­ The Indonesian government sup­ at the occupations of various guests. ed off from the primate biological tree plied several assistants with minimal And the panel got some unusual ones millions of years apart, display differ­ English. The nearest town at the time — lighthouse keeper, skyscraper ent personalities, and exist today was thirty miles away, and the only window washer, United Nations in different parts of the route in and out was by canoe. Roads, translator. world. had there been any, Birutė Galdikas could have pre­ The orangutans have sented the panel with a totally unique been hardest to study, position if she’d been a few years owing to their relati­ ahead with her life’s work.
    [Show full text]
  • Trimates” January 6Th, 2021 but First… • What Is an Ape? • What Is a Primate? • What Is a Mammal? What Makes a Mammal?
    ANBI 133: Great Ape Ecology and Evolution The “Trimates” January 6th, 2021 But first… • What is an ape? • What is a primate? • What is a mammal? What makes a mammal? • Mammals • Mammary glands • Hair or fur • Three middle ear bones • Primate reproduction (and a lot of behavior) is constrained by mammalian anatomy • Female gestation and lactation • Female investment in offspring is obligatory • Male care varies What Makes a Primate? • No unique characteristic common to all primates to the exclusion of all other mammals • Suite of characteristics • Grasping hand with opposable big toe and/or thumb with nails instead of claws (on at least some digits) What Makes a Primate? • No unique characteristic common to all primates to the exclusion of all other mammals • Suite of characteristics • Decreased importance of smell/ Increased reliance on vision • Forward-facing eyes and binocular vision • Trichromatic vision in old world primates What Makes a Primate? • No unique characteristic common to all primates to the exclusion of all other mammals • Suite of characteristics • Large brains • Increased investment in offspring • Increased dependence on learning and behavioral flexibility What Makes a Primate? • No unique characteristic common to all primates to the exclusion of all other mammals • Suite of characteristics • Unspecialized dentition • Dietary flexibility • Mainly restricted to living in the tropics Primate Origins • 54-65 mya (Paleocene, North America) • Extinction of dinosaurs • Angiosperm and mammal adaptive radiation Primate Origins
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Primate Psychology D Maestripieri, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
    Comparative Primate Psychology D Maestripieri, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA ã 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Glossary Homologous traits Similar traits possessed by Adaptation A genetically controlled trait that has evolved by different species as a result of inheritance from a common natural selection. ancestor. Analogous traits Similar traits that evolved independently Phylogeny The evolutionary development and in different species in response to similar environmental history of a species or higher taxonomic grouping of pressures. organisms. Comparative psychology The study of mind and behavior Primatology The discipline that studies nonhuman in nonhuman animals. primates. Convergent evolution The process by which natural Trait A morphological, physiological, or behavioral selection produces similar adaptations in different species characteristic of an organism. that live in similar environments. Evolutionary Foundations of Comparative related behavior in human beings” (pp. 311–312). Evolutionary Primate Psychology arguments do not figure prominently in comparative research conducted with the animal model approach. Particular organ- Psychology is the discipline that studies mind and behavior. isms are selected mainly on the basis of practical criteria, such as Within psychology, there are many subfields including, among they are small and cheap to maintain in the laboratory, they others, biological, clinical, cognitive, comparative, develop- reproduce frequently, and it is easier to conduct experimental mental, educational, evolutionary, industrial/organizational, studies that may require highly invasive procedures. The most personality and individual differences, and social psychology. common organisms that fit these criteria and are used in com- Some of these subfields are often recognized as independent parative psychological research include fruit flies, cockroaches, disciplines.
    [Show full text]
  • Imaging Animals: a Visual Exploration of Our Relationship with Animals
    This file is part of the following reference: Dover, Barbara Ann (2008) Interrogating reciprocal gaze: the animal and human in contemporary art. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/17278 PART THREE: A SENTIENT FOCUS ON ANIMAL – HUMAN GAZE 399 CHAPTER ELEVEN – RECIPROCAL GAZE: RE- APPRAISAL AND RE-ALIGNMENT 11.1 Reflecting on the Processes and Outcomes of the Research The feedback loops of the research take three main forms – published critiques, personal reflections, and evaluative judgements in relation to the aims of the research. Each of these will be dealt with separately in the sections to follow. 11.1.1 Public Critiques of the Exhibition Outcomes The Eye to Eye and Face to Face exhibitions attracted critical reviews both in the general media and the arts domain. First, because Eye to Eye was a major animal in art exhibition in their 2007 program, Dubbo Regional Gallery prepared an official report for this event (Appendix E.10). This report indicated that the exhibition had a total visitation of 11,010 with 7138 of these visitors classified as the general public and 3872 as groups. The report lists promotional and media activities as including six printed media articles, two radio presentations and two Internet postings. The overview of the gallery’s exhibition report noted that … the exhibition resonated with audiences and provoked much discussion. Many groups were fascinated by the work and commented on the unique theme of the exhibition (Exhibition report, 2007: 2). The report also commented that the exhibition “… further strengthened Dubbo Regional Gallery’s commitment to the Animal in Art theme, adding rigour and scholarship” (Exhibition report, 2007: 2).
    [Show full text]
  • CLE Reading Materials
    ANIMAL PROPERTY RIGHTS KAREN BRADSHAW* The animal rights movement largely focuses on protecting species whose suffering is most visible to humans, such as pets, livestock, and captive mammals. Yet, we do not observe how unsustainable land development and fishing practices are harming many species of wildlife and sea creatures. Fish and wildlife populations have recently suffered staggering losses, and they stand to lose far more. This Article proposes a new legal approach to protect these currently overlooked creatures. I suggest extending property rights to animals, which would allow them to own land, water, and natural resources. Human trustees would manage animal-owned trusts managed at the ecosystem level—a structure that fits within existing legal institutions. Although admittedly radical, an animal property rights regime would create tremendous gains for imperiled species with relatively few costs to humans. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 810 I. POLARIZED ANIMAL LAW ................................................... 817 II. GRANTING ANIMALS PROPERTY RIGHTS ........................... 823 III. IMPLEMENTING AN ANIMAL PROPERTY RIGHTS REGIME.. 830 A. Statutory Approach ................................................... 831 1. Ownership Structures ......................................... 831 2. Management ........................................................ 835 * Associate Professor of Law, Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law, Arizona State University; Sustainability Scholar,
    [Show full text]
  • Humans and Other Animals
    Humans and Other Animals Hurn T02266 00 pre 1 02/03/2012 14:21 Anthropology, Culture and Society Series Editors: Professor Vered Amit, Concordia University and Dr Jon P. Mitchell, University of Sussex Recent titles: Claiming Individuality: Small Places, Large Issues: The Will of the Many: The Cultural Politics of An Introduction to Social How the Alterglobalisation Distinction and Cultural Anthropology Movement is Changing the EDITED BY VERED AMIT Third Edition Face of Democracy AND NOEL DYCK THOMAS HYLLAND ERIKSEN MARIANNE MAECKELBERGH Community, What Is Anthropology? The Aid Effect: Cosmopolitanism and THOMAS HYLLAND ERIKSEN Giving and Governing in the Problem of Human International Development Commonality Discordant Development: EDITED BY DavID MOSSE AND Global Capitalism and the VERED AMIT AND DavID LEWIS Struggle for Connection in NIGEL RAPPORT Bangladesh Cultivating Development: Home Spaces, Street Styles: KATY GARDNER An Ethnography of Aid Contesting Power and Policy and Practice Identity in a South African Anthropology, Development DavID MOSSE City and the Post-Modern Challenge Terror and Violence: LESLIE J. BANK Imagination and the KATY GARDNER AND Unimaginable In Foreign Fields: DavID LEWIS The Politics and Experiences EDITED BY ANDREW STRATHERN, of Transnational Sport Corruption: PAMELA J. STEWART AND NEIL Migration Anthropological Perspectives L. WHITEHEAD EDITED BY DIETER HALLER AND THOMAS F. CARTER Anthropology, Art and CRIS SHORE Cultural Production On the Game: MAruškA SvašEK Women and Sex Work Anthropology’s World: Life in a Twenty-First SOPHIE DAY Race and Ethnicity in Latin Century Discipline America Slave of Allah: ULF HANNERZ Second Edition Zacarias Moussaoui vs PETER WADE the USA Culture and Well-Being: Anthropological Approaches KATHERINE C.
    [Show full text]