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Download Species Dossier Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. Beaked Beardless-moss POTTIACEAE SYN.: Astomum rostellatum (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp., Hymenostomum rostellatum (Brid.) Schimp. Status Bryophyte Red Data Book - Lower Risk (Near-threatened) (2001) Status in Europe: Rare BAP Priority Species Natural England Species Recovery Lead Partner: Plantlife International UK Biodiversity Action Plan This is the current BAP target following the 2001 Targets Review: T1 - Maintain population size at all extant sites. Progress on targets as reported in the UKBAP 2002 reporting round can be viewed by selecting this species and logging in as a guest on the following web page: http://www.ukbap.org.uk/ The full Action Plan for Weissia rostellata can be viewed on the following web page: http://www.ukbap.org.uk/UKPlans.aspx?ID=631 Contents 1 Morphology, Identification, Taxonomy & Genetics................................................2 1.1 Morphology & Identification ........................................................................2 1.2 Taxonomic Considerations..........................................................................4 1.3 Genetic Implications ..................................................................................4 2 Distribution & Current Status ...........................................................................4 2.1 World ......................................................................................................4 2.2 Europe ....................................................................................................4 2.3 United Kingdom ........................................................................................5 2.3.1 England .............................................................................................6 2.3.2 Northern Ireland..................................................................................8 2.3.3 Scotland.............................................................................................8 2.3.4 Wales ................................................................................................8 3 Ecology & Habitat Requirements .......................................................................8 3.1 The Landscape Perspective.........................................................................8 3.2 Communities & Vegetation .......................................................................10 3.3 Summary of Habitat Requirements ............................................................12 Work on Weissia rostellata is supported by: 1 4 Management Implications ..............................................................................12 5 Threats / Factors Leading to Loss or Decline or Limiting Recovery .......................12 6 Current Conservation Measures ......................................................................12 7 References ..................................................................................................13 8 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................14 9 Contacts .....................................................................................................14 10 Links........................................................................................................14 1 Morphology, Identification, Taxonomy & Genetics 1.1 MORPHOLOGY & IDENTIFICATION Beaked Beardless-moss Weissia rostellata is a small cleistocarpous moss that forms loose tufts on damp soil or drying mud. It has always been regarded as very scarce and local in Britain and rare in Ireland. The Atlas of the Bryophytes of Britain and Ireland (Hill et al. 1992: 308) showed post-1950 records from 17 hectads in Britain but 9 additional records from before 1950, and it was noted that 'there may have been a real decline in some districts'. Fieldwork during 2001-2003 resulted in numerous additional localities being found, but confusion with W. squarrosa may sometimes have occurred. W. rostellata has a world range that is restricted to Europe and it appears to be rare almost everywhere, being listed as 'Rare' in the Red Data Book of European Bryophytes (1995). Figure 1 - Weissia rostellata with mature capsule. (Drawing by Dr Fred Rumsey) 2 Figure 2 - Weissia rostellata plants with immature and almost mature capsules. (Photograph by David Holyoak) Figure 3 - Weissia rostellata with almost mature capsules. (Photograph by David Holyoak) A detailed description of W. rostellata, drawings and comparisons with allied species are given in the revision of European species of Weissia subgenus Astomum by Crundwell & Nyholm (1972). Other drawings and a description are provided by Smith (2004). 3 For bryologists who are familiar with small acrocarpous mosses, W. rostellata may be identified from other Weissia species by its combination of a cleistocarpous capsule, well developed but usually rather short seta (1-3 times as long as capsule) and large calyptra (0.75-1.0 mm long). Under favourable conditions good fertile material can be identified in the field. Muddles with the superficially similar Pseudephemerum nitidum can occur in the field, but the latter species has narrower more translucent leaves with the perichaetial bracts undifferentiated. Non-fertile material or plants with very young capsules cannot be safely distinguished from other Weissia species, even using microscopic characters. Only the very rare taxon Weissia xmittenii of SE. England shares most of the characters of W. rostellata, leading some workers to suspect this 'extinct species' may have represented hybrids between W. rostellata and the rare W. multicapsularis. Crundwell & Nyholm (1972) showed that W. xmittenii differs from W. rostellata in having well differentiated perichaetial bracts (they are less different from the leaves in W. rostellata) and in being taller (up to 15 mm, compared to 5 mm in W. rostellata). Weissia squarrosa can also be confused with W. rostellata but it differs in having capsules that eventually dehisce, innovations [branches] with distinctive squarrose leaves and often a relatively longer (ellipsoidal) capsule on a longer seta. Because of the potential for misidentification voucher specimens should be retained when W. rostellata is recorded from new localities. 1.2 TAXONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS Taxonomically, W. rostellata provides a link between species with a very short seta and cleistocarpous capsules that were formerly placed in the genus Astomum and those with long setae and peristomate capsules of genus Weissia s.s. 1.3 GENETIC IMPLICATIONS There is no information on the population genetics of W. rostellata (e.g. from isozymes) and no genetic data (e.g. from DNA sequences) on its affinities to closely related species. 2 Distribution & Current Status 2.1 WORLD W. rostellata is reliably known only in Europe. Ros et al. (1999: 234) note that 'The presence of this species in North Africa should be considered as doubtful. It has not been cited in the literature compiled for this paper [a comprehensive review], although, according to Düll (1984) it is found in North Africa.' According to Crundwell & Nyholm (1972), records from North America refer to W. ludoviciana. 2.2 EUROPE Weissia rostellata is 'a rather rare species of N.W., C. and E. Europe' (T.L. Blockeel in Hill et al. 1992: 308). The detailed taxonomic review by Crundwell & Nyholm (1972: 8-9) listed W. rostellata for 'N. Ireland (not seen); N. Wales; England, north to Yorkshire; Norway (Östfold); Sweden (Skåne, Västmanland, Södermanland); scattered localities in Europe north of the Alps from western France to Wroclaw, Poland (Szafran, 1957); Slovenia (Pavletic, 1955), Hungary (Vajda, 1971), Carpathians, Russia (Savicz-Ljubitzkaja & Smirnova, 1970)'. 4 Düll (1984: 94) summarised the range as 'EUR : Au!; Be!; Br!; Cz!; Ga!; Ge!; Hb; Ho; Hs; Hu; It!; Ju; No; Po!; Rs: W; Sv. AFR 1; suboc.' The Spanish record was actually from Islas Baleares and is now regarded as erroneous (Guerra 2002: 15). Recent publications have reported W. rostellata in the Netherlands (Buter 2000), as new to Switzerland (Bergamini 2000) and subsequently added two more Swiss records (Bergamini & Meier 2000). W. rostellata has usually been regarded as a rare species in Ireland where, until recently, it was known by two old records in Co. Antrim and a single more recent (1987) find in East Mayo (Blockeel & Long 1998: 85). However, fieldwork in 1999-2002 added four more sites in Co. Antrim and a new record in Co. Leitrim. During 2003 it was also found in Co. Galway (H16) so the species seems likely to have been overlooked elsewhere in Ireland. 2.3 UNITED KINGDOM W. rostellata is known in the U.K. mainly in England, with a few records from Northern Ireland and Wales and one from Scotland. In Britain and Ireland 'some of the records are old, and although the species is ephemeral and mobile in its occurrence, there may have been a real decline in some districts.' (T .L. Blockeel in Hill et al. 1992: 308). A list and review of records from localities in the U.K. was given by Holyoak (2001) and this was supplemented by records from subsequent fieldwork (Holyoak 2002), although some additional records from northern England remain unpublished (TBDB data, per Nick Hodgetts, pers. comm.). 5 Figure 4 - Distribution in the UK of Weissia rostellata. Table 1 - Summary of post 1990 UK records for Weissia rostellata. COUNTRY 10KM SQUARES SITE NAME England SD75 Stocks Reservoir SE31 Wintersett SK07 Combs Reservoir SK24 Carsington Water SK25 Carsington Reservoir SK37 Totley Brook SK44
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