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River Rejuvenation by Adopting Continuous Stream Storage Approach in Mula-Mutha Basin Using Geospatial & Simulation Tools by Dr R K Suryawanshi Prof

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River Rejuvenation by Adopting Continuous Stream Storage Approach in Mula-Mutha Basin Using Geospatial & Simulation Tools by Dr R K Suryawanshi Prof River Rejuvenation by Adopting Continuous Stream Storage Approach in Mula-Mutha Basin using Geospatial & Simulation Tools By Dr R K Suryawanshi Prof. Emeritus, COEP, Pune [email protected] Ph 9879200630 Study Objectives • Rejuvenation of urban rivers •Maintain continuous environmental flows •Maintain minimum storages in streams •Maintain water quality •Maintain the present water uses • Ensure continuous Ground Water recharge Study Basin Basin Parameters Catchment Gross Basin Project Area Storage ( ) ( ) Panshet 120 303 Warasgaon ��130�� 374 Mutha Temghar 38 108 Khadak’sla 218 86 Mula Mulshi 244 654 Pavana Pavana 114 305 Approach • Use of existing storages for stream rejuvenation • Development of continuous stream storages along the streams • Identification of storage locations and potentials (ARC-GIS, HEC-RAS) • Development of simulation model for integrated operation of existing reservoirs for various water uses (RIBASIM) • Model simulation for stream rejuvenation with continuous stream storages with environmental flows and its effect on other water demands Identified Stream Storage parameters CSS PARAMETERS Max River Bed Max Capacity CSS Location Area River CSS ID Level at FRL (Long- Lat) at FRL ( RL-m) (Mcm) ( ) 73 49'38.916"E MT 1 ° 536 1.49 4.67 18 29'15.732"N �� Mutha ° 73 51'31.614"E MT 2 ° 532 0.87 3.36 18°31'34.116"N 73 45'9.896"E ML 1 ° 541 4.93 13.78 18 34'38.576"N Mula ° 73 51'52.752"E ML PWN ° 538 8.99 42.13 18°34'53.962"N 73°38'54.868"E PWN 1 557 3.93 13.08 18°41'49.189"N 73 43'57.991"E PWN 2 ° 552 5.09 15.62 Pavana 18°38'32.655"N 73 46'28.034"E PWN 3 ° 545 2.62 3.04 18°37'45.106"N 73 47'51.905"E PWN 4 ° 541 1.98 5.65 18°36'15.615"N Mula- 73 54'1.434"E ML MT ° 525 2.12 3.61 Mutha 18°32'30.657"N Total 32.02 104.94 Simulation Model Catchment Gross Basin Projects Area Storage ( ) ( ) Panshet ��120�� 303 Warasgaon 130 374 Mutha Temghar 38 108 Khadak’sla 218 86 Mula Mulshi 244 654 Pavana Pavana 114 305 Total 864 1830 Simulatiom Model- Reservoir operation Simulation Results-Demand Management Table: Simulation results: Irrigation performance Irrigation (Mcm) Parameters Scenario Khadakwasla Pavana s Irr. CSS Env flow ( ) Avg Demand Avg Shortage Avg Demand Avg Shortage Eff.(%) � � I 30 No - Τ 776.12 106.52 69.58 4.34 II 30 Yes 2 776.12 143.80 69.58 13.72 III 35 Yes 2 665.24 82.62 59.64 11.13 IV 40 Yes 2 582.09 50.71 52.18 7.30 V 45 Yes 2 517.41 36.92 46.39 5.86 VI 50 Yes 2 465.67 26.61 41.75 5.13 Khadakwasla: Irrigation Pavana : Irrigation 1000.00 Avg Demand 80.00 Avg Demand Avg Shortage 800.00 Avg Shortage 60.00 600.00 40.00 (Mcm) 400.00 (Mcm) 200.00 20.00 Avg Demand and Shortage Shortage and Demand Avg 0.00 0.00 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Shortage and Demand Avg Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Figure: Simulation results: Irrigation performance Conclusions • Continuous Stream Storages (CSS)filled with minimum environmental flows is easily implementable approach for stream rejuvenation. • Rivers with upstream storages can be rejuvenated without much impact on the other water demands • Upstream storages need to release environmental flows • For Mula-Mutha basin urban streams in Pune can be rejuvenated using environmental flows from existing storages. • Slight increase in irrigation efficiency (10%) or by changing the present cropping pattern substantial water can be saved which is useful for stream rejuvenation. • With CSS , no productive land submergence , continuous ground water recharge, very cost effective solution for river rejuvenation for all rivers in the country. Thank You Rejuvenating River Yamuna by Assessment and Implementation of Environmental Flows Anupma Sharma, Vishal Singh, Sharad K. Jain, Manohar Arora, Pradeep Kumar, Rajesh Singh, Ajay Ahirwar, Shailendra K. Kumre NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY, ROORKEE Special Session -1 on Rejuvenation of River Ganga – from Planning to Action Introduction ▪ Flow is the major driver of biodiversity in rivers. ▪ River flow regime, ranging from low flows to high flows, significantly affects the river ecosystem. ▪ For various water demands, water is stored and diverted through various structures built on rivers that change the flow regime and reduce flow in the downstream reaches -- degradation in the services that society gets from rivers. ▪ Need to decide the extent of changes we want in our rivers and how much of the natural regime we would like to maintain. E-flows ▪ Environmental flows are the quantity, timing, and quality of water flows required to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems and the human livelihoods and wellbeing that depend on these ecosystems (Brisbane Declaration 2007). ▪ Emerging science of e-flows aims to ensure a balance between the use and the protection of natural water resources for people by analyzing data from hydrological, hydraulics, social, environmental, biological, and other relevant sectors. Yamuna River – Issues & Challenges ❑ Modified flow regime ❑ Dry river segments during non-monsoon ❑ Water quality degradation ❑ Encroachment and dumping of waste Yamuna River – Issues & Challenges ▪ Construction of diversion structures such as Hathnikund barrage, Wazirabad barrage, Okhla barrage, etc. -- has modified the flow regime -- river water abstracted at different locations for varied uses including irrigation water supply to canal commands and domestic water supply for Delhi. ▪ Lack of regulation in the groundwater abstraction -- has depleted the water table -- dry river segments are commonly observed between Hathnikund and Wazirabad barrage in non- monsoon period. ▪ Wastewater inflow in river Yamuna through various drains -- has aggravated the water quality problems -- adversely affected biodiversity and aquatic ecosystem. ▪ Encroachment and dumping of municipal and construction waste on the flood plains -- impeded river flow and impaired natural ability to rejuvenate itself. Need for Maintenance of E-flow • Environmental flow is essential for Yamuna to regain the characteristics of a healthy living river system. • Hon'ble NGT has given directions for maintenance of requisite e- flow in River Yamuna downstream of barrage at Hathnikund and at Okhla, so that there is enough fresh water flowing in the river till Agra for restoration of ecological functions of the river. • Hon'ble Supreme Court has directed that a minimum flow of 10 cumec (353 cusec) must be allowed to flow through river Yamuna. • As per the report 'Action Plan of the Monitoring Committee for Rejuvenation of River Yamuna’, the release of 10 cumecs of water in lean months is completely insufficient to sustain the flow in the river as 10 cumecs of water released from Hathnikund barrage evaporates or percolates into the ground as it flows downstream. Major Features of Study Reach between Hathnikund & Okhla Barrage Study area selected from Hathnikund to Okhla barrage in Upper Yamuna River Basin. Hathnikund barrage was commissioned in 2002 to regulate the flow of Yamuna for irrigation in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh through Western Yamuna Canal and Eastern Yamuna Canal, and, municipal water supply to Delhi. Points of water abstraction and additions in Yamuna river (modified from CPCB, 2006) Discharge observed by CWC at Kalanaur, Karnal, Mawi, Baghpat, Palla and Delhi Railway Bridge in study reach. Percentage of water abstraction • Irrigation water supply 94% • Domestic water supply 4% • Industrial & other uses 2% Field Investigations in Delhi Segment • Field surveys conducted in June 2019 show DO values were non- detectable in river stretch below Wazirabad barrage. • DO value in Yamuna at Dahesara village was 10.3 mg/l. Fishermen informed that the river contains fish of size 15-20 cm and during monsoon they get bigger fish . Nazafgarh drain joining Yamuna near Signature Bridge, Delhi Downstream of Wazirabad Barrage Waste water coming from drain in Sonia Vihar Keystone Species and Fish Biodiversity • Observations in other rivers have indicated that reduced discharge alters the micro and macro habitat characters favouring the increase of non-indigenous species. • Besides meagre flows in non-monsoon season, the study reach receives heavy load of domestic and industrial wastes. • All these factors have impacted the fisheries in the river as reflected by decline in fish catch, a discernible shift in fish species composition and an increasing presence of invasive fish species. • Systematic information on the diversity, community structure, impact of habitat alteration and ecological integrity assessment for the Yamuna river is lacking. Methodology for Assessment of E-flows The methodology involves development of an integrated modeling framework (i.e. hydrological & hydrodynamic) along with: ➢ Field-based survey of cross-sections ➢Water quality parameters ➢Aquatic species suitability information under different flow conditions Phase I Phase II Phase III Assessment of E-flow Releases • 1D steady flow simulation performed using HEC-RAS (5.0.7 ver). • Accuracy of various DEMs -- SRTM 30 m, SRTM 90 m, ASTER 30 m, CARTOSAT 30 m and ALOS DEM 12.5 m was checked against available surveyed river cross-sections in study reach. • SRTEM DEM with 30 m spatial resolution compared well with surveyed cross sections and adopted in this study. • Manning’s n varies from 0.012 to 0.045. The u/s BCs were estimated using Hathnikund barrage inflow-outflow data for corresponding dry, normal and wet years, while for d/s BCs, water level and normal depth were used. • Average seasonal inflow for different climatic conditions i.e. Monsoon period, Lean period and Non-Monsoon/
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