Vladislav IV.Vasa a Politická Šachovnice Evropy

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Vladislav IV.Vasa a Politická Šachovnice Evropy MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA HISTORICKÝ ÚSTAV Blanka Čechová POLSKO-HABSBURSKÉ VZTAHY V DOBĚ FERDINANDA III. A VLADISLAVA IV. Dynastická diplomacie a třeboňská zástavní drţba DISERTAĈNÍ PRÁCE Vedoucí práce: Prof. PhDr. Mgr. Tomáš Knoz, Ph.D. BRNO 2012 OBSAH I. Úvod ................................................................................................................................. 2 II. Literatura a tištěné prameny ............................................................................................ 3 II. 1. Staré tisky ............................................................................................................. 8 II. 2. Edice ..................................................................................................................... 9 III. Prameny ....................................................................................................................... 10 IV. Vladislav IV.Vasa a politická šachovnice Evropy ...................................................... 15 IV. 1. Dědictví středoevropských trůnů. ..................................................................... 15 IV. 1. 1. Habsburská podunajská monarchie v 16. století a Polsko. ....................... 15 IV. 1. 2. Cesta k bendínsko-bytomské smlouvě ..................................................... 17 IV. 1. 3. Slezská otázka. .......................................................................................... 20 IV. 1. 4. Nový polský král Vladislav IV. ................................................................ 23 V. Svět diplomacie. ............................................................................................................ 33 V. 1. Diplomacie a zahraniční politika v čase třicetileté války .................................. 33 V. 1. 1. Diplomat v 17. století ................................................................................. 33 V. 1. 2. „Minuit praesentia famam“ ........................................................................ 36 V. 1. 3. Ius foederis ................................................................................................. 37 V. 1. 4. Terminologie .............................................................................................. 39 V. 2. „Polak i czudzozemecz.“ Polská diplomacie v první polovině 17. století. ........ 41 V. 3. Diplomatický aparát rakouských Habsburků a „polské mise“ .......................... 59 V. 4. Polský vyslanec míří k císařskému dvoru .......................................................... 63 V. 5. Zkušenost východu. Cizí vyslanec na území polského státu ............................. 65 VI. Zahraniční politika a manželské lože. Sňatková politika v pokusné laboratoři evropské diplomacie .......................................................................................................................... 72 VI. 1. Partie pro Vladislava IV. .................................................................................. 72 VI. 2. Věno Cecílie Renaty Habsburské ..................................................................... 77 VI. 2. 1. Jednání o ruku Cecílie Renaty Habsburské a příslib Opolska-Ratibořska 77 VI. 2. 2. Nástup Ferdinanda III. a předčasná kapitulace polské diplomacie .......... 85 VII. Svatební ceremonie. ................................................................................................... 90 VII. 1. Demonstrace spojenectví i rozpačitý podnik. ................................................. 90 VII. 1. 1. Vídeňská jednání ..................................................................................... 90 VII. 1. 2. Doprovod a výbava ................................................................................. 94 VII. 1. 3. Vídeňský sňatek per procuram ................................................................ 97 VII. 1. 4. Cesta arcivévodkyně do Polska a varšavské svatební ceremonie ........... 99 VII. 1. 5. „Velké dějiny“ zasahují jihočeskou Třeboň. Převzetí zástavy. ............. 102 VIII. Dotýkání kultur. Rakouští Habsburkové a polští Vasovci. ..................................... 104 VIII. 1. Cecílie Renata v životní roli královny polské .............................................. 104 VIII. 2. Pobyt Vladislava IV. a Cecílie Renaty ve Vídni. Mikulovské jednání s císařem ................................................................................................................... 106 VIII. 3. Úmrtí Cecílie Renaty a osudy spojenectví s Habsburky. ............................. 113 IX. Dědictví Vladislava Zikmunda Vasy a idea vasovské rodové državy ve Slezsku. ... 116 IX. 1. Vleklá jednání o transfer zástavní smlouvy na Opolsko-Ratibořsko ............. 116 IX. 2. Opolsko-Ratibořsko v rukou polského krále .................................................. 125 IX. 3. Ekonomická situace zastavených statků v Opolsku-Ratibořsku .................... 132 IX. 4. Nečekaný zvrat. Smrt Zikmunda Kazimíra Vasy. .......................................... 133 X. Zástava ........................................................................................................................ 135 X. 1. Právní podoby zástavy v minulosti .................................................................. 135 X. 2. Šance na budoucí alodizaci .............................................................................. 139 X. 3. Právo zástavní versus lenní – dvě cesty se stejným cílem ............................... 141 X. 4. „Conditiones pignori et hypotheca Dominii Wittingau“ ................................. 145 X. 4. 1. Vojenská ochrana ..................................................................................... 145 X. 4. 2. Nejasnosti kolem třeboňské zástavy ........................................................ 148 XI. Mikrosvět zastaveného panství. ................................................................................. 151 XI. 1. Realita ve vleku „slavné minulosti“. .............................................................. 151 XI. 1. 1. Geneze správní jednotky, hospodářské struktury a válečná realita ........ 151 XI. 2. Kariéry úředníků. ............................................................................................ 159 XI. 2. 1. Prestiž úřadu a nové funkce spojené se zástavou. .................................. 159 XI. 2. 2. Gubernátor Jan z Eckersdorfu ................................................................ 164 XI. 2. 3. Gegenhandler Lorenc Perger z Rozenwertu ........................................... 181 XI. 2. 4. Purkrabí a věrný katolík Vít Dekara z Rozenetu .................................... 186 XI. 2. 5. Důchodní písař Pavel Zachariáš Mecer .................................................. 191 XI. 3. Správa panství ve spleti sociálních vazeb. ...................................................... 194 XI. 3. 1. Dělba lokální správní a ekonomické moci a vzájemná komunikace ...... 194 XI. 4. Rekonstrukce pokročilé hospodářské struktury předbělohorského panství. .. 200 XI. 4. 1. Reálný stav hospodářství a manipulace s čísly. Transfer peněz. ............ 200 XII. Závěr ......................................................................................................................... 212 Seznam zkratek ................................................................................................................ 219 Prameny a literatura ......................................................................................................... 221 Archivní prameny ..................................................................................................... 221 Vydané prameny ....................................................................................................... 230 Edice ..................................................................................................................... 230 Staré tisky ............................................................................................................. 231 Literatura ................................................................................................................... 232 Příloha 1 ........................................................................................................................... 251 Příloha 2 ........................................................................................................................... 256 Příloha 3 ........................................................................................................................... 259 PROHLÁŃENÍ: Prohlańuji, ņe jsem disertaĉní práci vypracovala samostatně, za pouņití uvedených pramenů a literatury. ................................................................................................ PODĚKOVÁNÍ: Mé poděkování patří rodiĉům za vńestrannou podporu a manņelovi za nehynoucí trpělivost. I. ÚVOD Sňatková aliance mezi polským a titulárním ńvédským králem Vladislavem IV. Vasou a sestrou císaře Ferdinanda III. arcivévodkyní Cecílií Renatou Habsburskou v roce 1637, spojená se zástavou jihoĉeského panství Třeboň 1638-1645, vyústila v transakci, o níņ je daleko větńí povědomí – zástavu slezských kníņectví Opolska a Ratibořska v letech 1645-1666. Z dneńního pohledu se moņná sedmiletý majetkoprávní vztah mezi polským králem a císařem Ferdinandem III. v podobě zástavy od Varńavy téměř osm set kilometrů vzdálené Třeboně, nejcennějńí ĉásti roņmberského dědictví a ńvamberského konfiskátu, můņe zdát zcela marginálním. Byl to ostatně ojedinělý výsledek letitých politických jednání o spojenectví obou
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