Pomaderris Cotoneaster

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Plants of South Eastern New South Wales Leafy stems and back of leaf. Photographer Jackie Miles Flowering stem with spent flowers. Photographer Jackie Miles, Tantawangalo Creek NW of Merimbula Flowering plant. Photographer Jackie Miles, Tantawangalo Creek NW of Merimbula Line drawings. h. leaf transverse section; leaf outline; lower surface detail. A. Barley, National Herbarium of Victoria, © 2021 Royal Botanic Gardens Board Common name Cotoneaster pomaderris Family Rhamnaceae Where found Dry forest, rocky areas, stream banks, and gullies. Widespread. Rare in the Western Slopes. Notes Shrub to 4 m high. Stems with a dense whitish stellate hairy tomentum (needs a hand lens or a macro app on your phone/tablet to see). Leaves alternating up the stems, 1.5–5 cm long, 10–30 mm wide, upper surface more or less bristly, hairs scattered to very sparse, at least some hairs stellate; lower surface a fine white mat of loose stellate hairs, occasionally with sparse, rusty, stellate and rarely simple hairs mostly on the veins, lateral veins impressed above, strongly raised on lower surface, looping to the inside and not reaching the leaf margins, tips blunt to notched, margins flat. Flowers creamish, externally whitish with stellate and sparse simple hairs, with 5 sepals 1.6–2 mm long, falling early, and 0 petals, in many-flowered branched clusters 30–100 mm long. Flowers spring. Endangered Australia. Endangered NSW. Provisions of the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 No 63 relating to the protection of protected plants generally also apply to plants that are a threatened species. Endangered Vic. Listed in the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act, Vic. NSW Threatened Species profile: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/profile.aspx? id=10648 (accessed 7 January 2021) http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Pomaderris~cotoneaster (accessed 7 January 2021) Author: Betty Wood. This identification key and fact sheets are available as a free mobile application: Android edition iOS edition Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY).

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Rhamnaceae) Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Jürgen Kellermanna,B
Swainsona 33: 75–102 (2020) © 2020 Board of the Botanic Gardens & State Herbarium (Adelaide, South Australia) A preliminary survey of the leaf-indumentum in the Australian Pomaderreae (Rhamnaceae) using Scanning Electron Microscopy Jürgen Kellermanna,b a State Herbarium of South Australia, GPO Box 1047, Adelaide, South Australia 5001 Email: [email protected] b School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Abstract: The tribe Pomaderreae (10 genera, c. 240 species) is almost endemic to Australia and defined within Rhamnaceae by the presence of ‘stellate hairs’. This paper is the first to report observations on the leaf-indumentum of 33 species of the tribe with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Apart from simple hairs and papillae, three types of stellate trichomes were observed: fasciculate hairs, appressed stellate hairs and multiradiate hairs (sessile or stalked). The existence of stellate trichomes on the examined species of Pomaderreae was confirmed. Trichomes and indumenta are often variable within genera, as the type of indumentum may be more related to its function. Some groups of species in the genera Cryptandra Sm., Pomaderris Labill. and Stenanthemum Reissek have indumentum characters that seem to be more consistent and might be of value to elucidate relationships between taxa. Keywords: Rhamnaceae, Pomaderreae, leaf morphology, trichomes, hairs, leaf surface, SEM Introduction xeromorphic adaptations, such as small, hard, revolute or conduplicate leaves, a dense indumentum or spines. Pomaderreae Reissek ex Endl. is the second largest tribe of Rhamnaceae. It was first described by Reissek On-going molecular and morphological studies in (1840), but not accepted by subsequent botanists (e.g.
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Pomaderris Amoena
Pomaderris amoena COMMON NAME Tauhinu SYNONYMS Pomaderris phylicifolia var. ericifolia (Hook.) L.B.Moore, P. ericifolia Hook. FAMILY Rhamnaceae AUTHORITY Pomaderris amoena Colenso FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS Pomaderris amoena close up of flowers and No foliage. Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons NVS CODE POMAMO CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 36 Pomaderris amoena plant. Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | Not Threatened PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | Not Threatened 2004 | Not Threatened BRIEF DESCRIPTION Locally very common small shrub to 1m tall with hairy twigs bearing masses of small narrow wrinkled leaves and clusters of white flowers. Leaves 5-10mm long by 1-2mm wide, margins inrolled to almost cover the underside. Fruit dry, small. DISTRIBUTION Endemic. Three Kings, North and South Islands. In the South Island generally scarce reaching its southern limit at Eyrewell Forest, Canterbury; south of Auckland it is mainly east of main ranges in North Island. HABITAT Usually coastal and lowland open shrublands, gumland scrub and in sand country. Also in rocky headlands, gravel river terraces. Occasionally found well inland in montane situations. A species virtually confined to successional vegetation types FLOWER COLOURS White, Yellow PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Difficult. Can be grown from semi-hardwood cuttings and seed but seed is hard to germinate. The best results seem to be from cuttings rooted in untreated sawdust. Once plants are established they grow very well and make an attractive flowering shrub for an open, sunny post. It does best in nutrient-poor, well-drained soil ETYMOLOGY pomaderris: Lid skin amoena: Beautiful, pleasing TAXONOMIC NOTES The New Zealand plant has been treated as P.
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VINEYARD BIODIVERSITY and INSECT INTERACTIONS! ! - Establishing and Monitoring Insectariums! !
! VINEYARD BIODIVERSITY AND INSECT INTERACTIONS! ! - Establishing and monitoring insectariums! ! Prepared for : GWRDC Regional - SA Central (Adelaide Hills, Currency Creek, Kangaroo Island, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale and Southern Fleurieu Wine Regions) By : Mary Retallack Date : August 2011 ! ! ! !"#$%&'(&)'*!%*!+& ,- .*!/'01)!.'*&----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&2 3-! "&(')1+&'*&4.*%5"/0&#.'0.4%/+.!5&-----------------------------------------------------------------------------&6! ! &ABA <%5%+3!C0-72D0E2!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!F! &A&A! ;D,!*2!G*0.*1%-2*3,!*HE0-3#+3I!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!J! &AKA! ;#,2!0L!%+D#+5*+$!G*0.*1%-2*3,!*+!3D%!1*+%,#-.!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!B&! 7- .*+%)!"/.18+&--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&,2! ! ! KABA ;D#3!#-%!*+2%53#-*MH2I!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!BN! KA&A! O3D%-!C#,2!0L!L0-H*+$!#!2M*3#G8%!D#G*3#3!L0-!G%+%L*5*#82!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!&P! KAKA! ?%8%53*+$!3D%!-*$D3!2E%5*%2!30!E8#+3!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!&B! 9- :$"*!.*;&5'1/&.*+%)!"/.18&-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&3<!
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Fire Retardant Plants for the Urban Fringe and Rural Areas
Flammability Groups Leptospermum scoparium TN Pittosporum undulatum AN X Cucurbita maxima E Pumpkin Morus sp. E Mulberry Manuka, Teatree Sweet Pittosporum Cymbopogon citratus E Lemon Grass Myoporum insulare AN Boobyalla In the following list E denotes an exotic plant, TN a plant Lomandra longifolia TN Saggs Platanus x acerifolia E Plane Tree Cyphomandra betacea E Tamarillo Nerium oleander E Oleander native to Tasmania, AN a plant native to mainland Australia Melaleuca alternifolia AN Paperbark Poa sp. AN Poa Grass Delonix regia E Poinciana Olearia argophylla TN Musk Monstera deliciosa E Monstera Populas sp. E Poplar and X a known environmental weed. Dicksonia antarctica TN Man Fern Photinia glabra var. rubens E Nadina domestica E Sacred Bamboo Quercus robur E English oak Diospryros sp. E Persimmon Chinese Fire Bush or Red-leafed Photinia High Flammability Nicotiana glauca AN Tobacco Bush Spiraea catoniensis E May Eriobotrya japonica E Loquat Pittosporum bicolor TN Cheesewood Pinus elliottii E Tasmannia lanceolata TN Escallonia macrantha E Escallonia These plants have been shown to be highly flammable and Slash or Elliott’s Pine Native Pepper Pteridium esculentum TN Euryops pectinatus E Bracken Fern should not be planted or allowed to remain inside your house’s Pinus patula E Ulex europaeus E X Gorse Yellow Daisy Bush Mexican or Weeping Pine Rhododendron sp. E Rhododendron Building Protection Zone. They should also be avoided in the Viburnum opulus E Guelder Rose Genista monspessulana E X Montpellier Broom Rosa sp. E X Roses, Briars Fuel Modified Zone. Move these plants away from your house Moderate Flammability Koelreuteria paniculata E Salix babylonica E Weeping Willow and replace them with less flammable plants.
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Three Species of Cryptandra (Rhamnaceae: Pomaderreae) from Southern Australia Allied to C
Swainsona 33: 125–134 (2020) © 2020 Board of the Botanic Gardens & State Herbarium (Adelaide, South Australia) Three species of Cryptandra (Rhamnaceae: Pomaderreae) from southern Australia allied to C. tomentosa Jürgen Kellermanna,b a State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Hackney Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5001 Email: [email protected] b The University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Abstract: Two species of Cryptandra are described as new, C. setifera Kellermann and C. sabulicola Kellermann, and C. campanulata Schltdl. is formally reinstated. The species are described and illustrated, synonymies are provided, as well as an identification key for the C. amara-tomentosa complex in Victoria and South Australia. Specimens of all three taxa have formerly been identified as C. amara Sm. or C. tomentosa Lindl., but are clearly separate from them. Keywords: New species, Rhamnaceae, Cryptandra, South Australia, Victoria Introduction Kellermann, is native to deep sands in northern Eyre Peninsula and on both sides of the South Australian- Cryptandra Sm. is a genus of about 60 species, mainly Victorian border, especially in and around Billiat distributed in southern Western Australia and south- Conservation Park (C.P.), Murray-Sunset National Park eastern Australia, with a few species occurring in the (N.P.) and the Big Desert. Cryptandra campanulata north of the continent. During the last 25 years, research Schltdl. grows in rocky habitats of the northern Mount on the genus was undertaken in Western Australia Lofty Ranges and southern Flinders Ranges. (Rye 1995, 2007; Rye & Trudgen 1995), Queensland (Bean 2004) and Victoria (Walsh & Udovicic 1999).
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Pomaderris Sericea
Plants of South Eastern New South Wales Line drawings. b. leaf outline; leaf lower surface detail; flower. A. Barley, National Herbarium of Victoria, © 2021 Royal Botanic Gardens Board Common name Silky pomaderris, Bent pomaderris Family Rhamnaceae Where found Open forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and along streams. Morton National Park and Wollemi National Park. Notes Shrub to about 2 m high. Branchlets shining golden-brown with short appressed simple hairs. Leaves alternating up the stems, 0.6–3 cm long, 2–10 mm wide, upper surface hairless; lower surface with appressed shining golden-brown simple hairs, entirely obscuring the underlying stellate hairs (needs a hand lens or a macro app on your phone/tablet to see), lateral veins obscure, tips blunt, margins curved down. Flowers cream to yellow, with 5 sepals each 1.7–2.1 mm long, falling early, and 0 petals, in branched clusters 10–30 mm long and wide. Flowers Oct. Vulnerable Australia. Endangered NSW. Provisions of the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 No 63 relating to the protection of protected plants generally also apply to plants that are a threatened species. Vulnerable Vic. Listed in the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act, Vic. NSW Threatened Species profile: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/profile.aspx?id=10658 (accessed 7 January 2021) PlantNET description: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Pomaderris~sericea (accessed 7 January 2021) Author: Betty Wood. This identification key and fact sheets are available as a free mobile application: Android edition iOS edition Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY).
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Robert Brown's Contributions to Rhamnaceae Systematics
515 Robert Brown‘s contributions to Rhamnaceae systematics Jürgen Kellermann Abstract Kellermann, Jürgen (School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Email: [email protected]) 2004. Robert Brown ‘s contributions to Rhamnaceae systematics. Telopea 10(2): 515–524. This paper outlines the taxonomic history of Rhamnaceae Juss. during the ﬁrst half of the 19th century, with a focus on Robert Brown’s contributions. Brown advanced Rhamnaceae systematics in two ways. Firstly, he collected 31 species of the family during his time in Australia (1801–1805); nearly all of them were new to science. Although he did not publish any taxa from these collections himself, they were instrumental for his second contribution. In 1814, Robert Brown gave the family a deﬁnition that is still valid today. Brown split Rhamnaceae sensu Juss. into Celastraceae R.Br. and Rhamnaceae s.str. (i.e. sensu R.Br.). Some remaining genera had to be dispersed into a number of other families, such as Aquifoliaceae, Oleaceae or Staphyleaceae. Introduction The Rhamnaceae Juss. is a medium sized plant family, with 900–1000 species worldwide. The taxon was established by Michel Adanson in the Familles des plantes as ‘Ziziphi’ (Adanson 1763), followed by Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu, who treated it as ‘Rhamni’ in his Genera plantarum (Jussieu 1789). Both authors included a variety of genera in their treatments, many of which are now attributed to other families, for example Celastraceae R.Br., Oleaceae Hoffsgg. & Link or Staphyleaceae Martinov (see Table 2 for a detailed analysis of Jussieu’s genera). Jussieu seems also to have had doubts about the uniformity of his ‘Rhamni’ (Harms 1953), since he asks himself: “An indè dividendus ordo?” (Jussieu 1789: 383).
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Pomaderris Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster Pomaderris)
NATIONAL RECOVERY PLAN FOR Pomaderris cotoneaster (Cotoneaster Pomaderris) © Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (NSW), 2009. This work is copyright. However, material presented in this plan may be copied for personal use or published for educational purposes, providing that any extracts are fully acknowledged. Apart from this and any other use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior written permission from the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (NSW). Prepared by: Biodiversity Conservation Section Environment Protection and Regulation Group Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (NSW) PO Box 733 Queanbeyan NSW 2620 Tel: 02 6229 7000 Prepared in accordance with the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act, 1995 in consultation with the Department of Sustainability and Environment Victoria. This plan should be cited as follows: Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (NSW) 2009, National Recovery Plan for Pomaderris cotoneaster (Cotoneaster pomaderris), Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (NSW), Hurstville. ISBN 978 1 74232 847 8 DECCW 2010/576 Cover Photo: © John Briggs DISCLAIMER The attainment of objectives and the provision of funds may be subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, and may also be constrained by the need to address other conservation priorities. Approved recovery actions may be subject to modifications due to changes in knowledge and changes in conservation status. Summary This document constitutes the formal National Recovery Plan for Pomaderris cotoneaster (Cotoneaster Pomaderris). The plan considers the conservation requirements of the species across its known range, identifies the actions to be taken to ensure its long-term viability in nature and the parties who will undertake these actions.
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Pomaderris Apetala Subsp. Maritima
Pomaderris apetala subsp. maritima COMMON NAME Tainui, New Zealand hazel SYNONYMS Pomaderris tainui Hector; Pomaderris apetala FAMILY Rhamnaceae AUTHORITY Pomaderris apetala subsp. maritima N.G.Walsh et F.Coates FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON No ENDEMIC GENUS No ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons Pomaderris apetala subsp. maritima. CHROMOSOME NUMBER Photographer: Peter de Lange 2n = 36 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | Threatened – Nationally Critical | Qualifiers: CD, RF, SO PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | Threatened – Nationally Critical | Qualifiers: CD, TO, RF 2004 | Threatened – Nationally Critical BRIEF DESCRIPTION Rare small tree bearing oval dark green wrinkled leaves that have raised veins on the underside inhabiting several sites on the west coast of the North Island. Many parts covered in brown star-shaped fuzz. Leaves 5-7cm long by 2-3 cm wide, upper surface with scattered small star- shaped hairs (lens needed). DISTRIBUTION Indigenous. In New Zealand, in a presumably natural state, this species was recorded from the western North Island at scattered sites between the Kawhia Harbour, Marokopa, Awakino, Mokau and Mohakatino, it is now only known from two sites in this area, Mokau and at the Mohakatino Pomaderris apetala subsp. maritima. Photographer: Peter de Lange River mouth. Despite its natural scarcity this species has naturalised extremely well in the drier parts of the eastern South Island, on Stewart Island, and in the North Island around Wellington, Napier and in some locations around Hamilton and Cambridge. This species is known from Oligocene aged pollen fossils in the Te Kuiti Group limestones, and from Miocene aged leaf impressions from Southland. Present in Australia (Victoria) and Tasmania.
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Pomaderris Delicata NG Walsh & F. Coates (Rhamnaceae)
Pomaderris delicata N.G. Walsh & F. Coates (Rhamnaceae) Distribution: Endemic to NSW Current EPBC Act Status: Not Listed Current NSW TSC Act Status: Critically Endangered Proposed change for alignment: List on EPBC Act as Critically Endangered Conservation Advice: Pomaderris delicata N.G. Walsh & F. Coates (family Rhamnaceae). Summary of Conservation Assessment Pomaderris delicata is eligible for listing as Critically Endangered under Criteria B1ab(iii) (v) and B2ab (iii) (v); and C1 The main reasons for the species being eligible for listing in the Critically Endangered category are i) that the species has a very highly restricted geographic range with an area of occupancy (AOO) estimated to be approximately 8 km2 based on two 2 x 2 km grid cells, the scale recommended for assessing AOO by IUCN (2016) AND an extent of occurrence (EOO) for P. delicata of 12 km2 based on a minimum convex polygon enclosing all mapped occurrences of the species, the method of assessment recommended by IUCN (2016).; ii) a continuing decline is estimated in area and extent and quality of habitat and the number of mature individuals mainly due to the impact on the species from habitat clearing; browsing impacting regeneration; a decline in mature individuals that is suspected to be more than just senescence; and fluctuations in small population size; iii) the species is inferred to be severely fragmented; and iv) there are less than 100 mature individuals and observed decline was estimated be to be more than 25% over one generation length. Assessment against IUCN Red List criteria Criterion A Population Size reduction. Assessment Outcome: data deficient.
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KUMERAHOU (KUMARAHOU) (Pomaderris Kumerahou; P
HERBAL MONOGRAPH: KUMERAHOU (KUMARAHOU) (Pomaderris kumerahou; P. elliptica) Family: Rhamnaceae Introduction Kumerahou is a branching shrub growing up to 3 metres high, found in the top half of the North Island of Aotearoa. It’s name probably derives from it’s attractive creamy yellow flowers appearing in early spring to mark the coming of the kumara planting season. Once commonly found on roadsides and in poor, clay soils (hence one of its names, “Poverty weed”), it is becoming less widespread as human activity encroaches more and more on its traditional habitat. Constituents: Flavonoids, including the flavonols quercetin & kaempferol, highest levels of which occur in the flowers (Cambie, personal communication). Ellagic acid & its 0-methyl ethers (Cain et al, 1959) Saponins (Cooper & Cambie, 1991). Iron (Anon, 1935; McCammon, 1999) Pharmacology: Unfortunately, like most of our native plants, very little scientific investigation has been conducted into the possible pharmacological actions of Kumerahou. Nevertheless, this plant has a strong reputation for the treatment of several conditions, in particular those affecting the lungs. Most of the following is derived from ethnobotanical information on traditional or folklore usage, as opposed to that published in scientific journals . INTERNAL USES: Bronchial agent. The leaves of Kumerahou are best known for their use in the form of a decoction or infusion for a wide variety of respiratory ailments. Bronchitis was treated with it at least as early as 1840, and various early writers reported its popularity as a cure for coughs and colds (Keys, n.d.; Poverty Bay Cookery Calender, ca. 1935; Anon, 1935; Bennett, 1937; Smith, 1940).
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Logs and Chips of Eighteen Eucalypt Species from Australia
United States Department of Agriculture Pest Risk Assessment Forest Service of the Importation Into Forest Products Laboratory the United States of General Technical Report Unprocessed Logs and FPL−GTR−137 Chips of Eighteen Eucalypt Species From Australia P. (=Tryphocaria) solida, P. tricuspis; Scolecobrotus westwoodi; Abstract Tessaromma undatum; Zygocera canosa], ghost moths and carpen- The unmitigated pest risk potential for the importation of unproc- terworms [Abantiades latipennis; Aenetus eximius, A. ligniveren, essed logs and chips of 18 species of eucalypts (Eucalyptus amyg- A. paradiseus; Zelotypia stacyi; Endoxyla cinereus (=Xyleutes dalina, E. cloeziana, E. delegatensis, E. diversicolor, E. dunnii, boisduvali), Endoxyla spp. (=Xyleutes spp.)], true powderpost E. globulus, E. grandis, E. nitens, E. obliqua, E. ovata, E. pilularis, beetles (Lyctus brunneus, L. costatus, L. discedens, L. parallelocol- E. regnans, E. saligna, E. sieberi, E. viminalis, Corymbia calo- lis; Minthea rugicollis), false powderpost or auger beetles (Bo- phylla, C. citriodora, and C. maculata) from Australia into the strychopsis jesuita; Mesoxylion collaris; Sinoxylon anale; Xylion United States was assessed by estimating the likelihood and conse- cylindricus; Xylobosca bispinosa; Xylodeleis obsipa, Xylopsocus quences of introduction of representative insects and pathogens of gibbicollis; Xylothrips religiosus; Xylotillus lindi), dampwood concern. Twenty-two individual pest risk assessments were pre- termite (Porotermes adamsoni), giant termite (Mastotermes dar- pared, fifteen dealing with insects and seven with pathogens. The winiensis), drywood termites (Neotermes insularis; Kalotermes selected organisms were representative examples of insects and rufinotum, K. banksiae; Ceratokalotermes spoliator; Glyptotermes pathogens found on foliage, on the bark, in the bark, and in the tuberculatus; Bifiditermes condonensis; Cryptotermes primus, wood of eucalypts. C.
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