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DISKRIMINASI GENDER DALAM FILM DILWALE DULHANIA LE JAYENGE (Analisis Semiotika Model Roland Barthes)

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DISKRIMINASI GENDER DALAM FILM DILWALE DULHANIA LE JAYENGE (Analisis Semiotika Model Roland Barthes) DISKRIMINASI GENDER DALAM FILM DILWALE DULHANIA LE JAYENGE (Analisis Semiotika Model Roland Barthes) SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya Sebagai Syarat Pengajuan Skripsi Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Srata Satu Ilmu Komunikasi (S.I.kom) Dalam Bidang Ilmu Komunikasi Oleh MASNING ROYYANATUN NAFI’AH B76215092 UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA FAKULTAS DAKWAH DAN KOMUNIKASI PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KOMUNIKASI 2019 ABSTRAK Masning Royyanatun Nafi’ah, B76215092. 2019. Diskriminasi Gender Dalam Film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (Analisis Semiotik Roland Barthes). Skripsi Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Kata kunci : Diskriminasi Gender, Semiotika, Film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge Gender adalah hasil konstruksi dari masyarakat yang dapat berubah-ubah sesuai dengan budaya setempat dari satu jenis kelamin dengan jenis kelamin lainnya. Sedangkan diskriminasi gender merupakan pembedaan perlakuan terhadap suatu kaum berdasarkan gender. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan banyaknya fenomena tentang diskriminasi terhadap gender di dalam masyarakat, khususnya pada perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan paradigma kritis, karena paradigm kritis merupakan salah satu cara pandang mengenai realitas sosial yang diliputi rasa kritis terhadap realitas yang terjadi.. Fokus penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana diskriminasi gender dalam film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge perspektif Semiotia Roland Barthes ?. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui dan memahami diskriminasi gender dalam film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge perspektif Semiotika Roland Barthes. Untuk mengidentifikasi masalah tersebut secara mendalam dan menyeluruh, peneliti menggunakan metode analisis Roland Barthes, sehingga peneliti dapat menemukan makna simbol yang terdapat dalam film Dilwale Dulhani Le Jayenge. Setelah dilakukan proses analisis peneliti menemukan hasil sebagai berkut: (1) Tradisi perjodohan secara sepihak sebagai diskriminasi gender, (2) Pelecehan terhadap perempuan sebagai diskriminasi gender, (3) Bentuk pengorbanan diri perempuan. Karena keterbatasan waktu dan juga peneliti, maka diharapkan pada penelitian lain dapat mengembangkan fokus penelitian dengan kajian-kajian penelitian yang lainnya. vii digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id DAFTAR ISI PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA…………………………………………. i PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING……………………………………………….. ii PENGESAHAN TIM PENGUJI……………………………………………....... iii MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN………………………………………………. iv KATA PENGANTAR…………………………………………………………… v ABSTRAK……………………………………………………………………... vii DAFTAR ISI………………………………………………………………….... viii BAB I : PENDAHULUAN……………………………………………………… 1 A. Latar Belakang…………………………………………………………… 1 B. Rumusan Masalah……………………………………………………..…. 5 C. Tujuan Penelitian……………………………………………………….... 6 D. Manfaat Penelitian……………………………………………………...... 6 E. Kajian Hasil Penelitian Terdahulu………………………….………….… 7 F. Definisi Konsep………………………………………………….…….... 10 1. Diskriminasi Gender………………………………………………... 10 2. Pengertian Film……………………………………………….…….. 12 3. Sinopsis Film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge…………………,……. 13 4. Semiotika……………………………………………………….…… 17 G. Kerangka Pikir Penelitian………………………………………….…… 20 H. Metode Penelitian…………………………………………………..…… 23 1. Pendekatan dan Jenis Penelitian…..……………………………..….. 23 2. Unit Penelitian…………………………………………………….… 23 3. Jenis dan Sumber Data…………………………………………….... 24 4. Tahapan Penelitian………………………………………………….. 24 5. Teknik Pengumpulan Data………………………………………….. 26 6. Teknik Analisis Data…………………………………….………….. 26 I. Sistematika Pembahasan…………………………………….………….. 28 BAB II: FILM DALAM SEMIOTIK KOMUNIKASI……………………….… 30 A. Kajian Pustaka……………………………………………………….….. 30 1. Film dan Perkembangannya………………………………………… 30 2. Unsur Pembentukan Film…………………………………………… 35 3. Konsep Gender dan Diskriminasi Gender…………………………... 36 a. Definisi Diskriminasi..………………………………………….. 36 b. Definisi Gender dan Jenis Kelamin…………………………...… 37 c. Diskriminasi Gender………………………………………….… 41 d. Teori Feminisme……………………………………………....... 47 B. Kajian Teoritik………………………………………………………..… 52 1. Analisis Semiotik………………………………………………….... 52 a. Tanda………………………………………………………… …. 54 b. Petanda………………………………………………………..… 55 viii digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id c. Penandaan……………………………………………………… 56 d. Penandaan……………………………………………………… 56 2. Semiotika Roland Barthes…………………………………………. 56 BAB III: Gender Dalam Film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge………………….. 64 A. Deskripsi Subyek, Obyek, dan Wilayah Penelitian…………………….. 64 1. Profil Film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge..………………………… 64 2. Pembagian Peran dan Karakter………………...…………………… 66 3. Sinopsis Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge……..……………….……… 71 4. Produksi Film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge……….…………….… 74 5. Perempuan dalam Budaya India……………...…………………...… 76 B. Deskripsi Data Penelitian……………………………………………….. 80 BAB IV: ANALISIS DATA…………………………………………..………... 89 A. Temuan Penelitian…………………………………………………….… 89 B. Konfirmasi Temuan Dengan Teori……………………….…….……… 103 C. Diskriminasi Gender Dalam Perspektif Islam…………………….…… 106 BAB V: PENUTUP……………………………..…………………………….. 108 A. Simpulan…………………………………………………………….… 108 B. Rekomendasi…………………………………………………………... 109 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN BIODATA PENULIS ix digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Pada era globalisasi saat ini, masyarakat memerlukan media yang bukan hanya menghibur, namun juga dapat memberikan informasi, salah satu media yang masih menjadi primadona yaitu film. Film adalah media komunikasi yang paling efektif dalam menyampaikan pesan, baik berupa pesan moral maupun pesan sosial, dengan tujuan untuk memberikan hiburan, informasi, dan juga mendidik dengan berbagai jalan ceritanya. Film merupakan bentuk ekspresi dari kebudayaan, ia juga dapat mencerminkan dan menyatakan segi-segi kehidupan yang kurang dipahami oleh masyarakat.1 Film merupakan sarana untuk memberikan informasi, opini, hingga perasaan kepada penonton, karena ketika menonton film terkadang penonton merasa ikut berperan dalam film tersebut, sehingga penonton terbawa suasana di dalam cerita film serta dapat mengerti latar belakang, opini dan pemikirannya . Hal itulah yang menjadikan film tidak dapat diragukan lagi sebagai media yang paling efektif untuk menyampaikan pesan secara global pada penikmat film. Dalam menggabungkan citra, narasi, dan musik, film merepresentasikan hal paling hebat yang pernah diciptakan manusia.2 1 Adi Pranajaya, Film Dan Masyarakat, Sebuah Pengantar , (Jakarta : Yayasan Pusat Perfilman H. Usman Ismail , 1992), Hal 6 2 Marcel Danesi, Pengantar Memahami Semiotika Media. (Yogyakarta: Jalasutra, 2010), hal 136. 1 digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id 2 Tidak hanya sekedar menyampaikan pesan berupa informasi, akan tetapi film juga dapat mengkonstruksi pemikiran maupun pengertian yang sudah dipegang teguh oleh masyarakat lewat persepsi yang berbeda. Film merupakan media yang menjembatani khalayak untuk mengetahui bahwa di dunia ini banyak sekali sudut pandang yang berbeda dalam menilai sesuatu, sehingga diharapkan melalui sebuah film, penonton memiliki rasa toleransi yang tinggi pada sesamanya, dan tidak memandang rendah orang lain. Diskriminasi merupakan pembedaan perlakuan. Perbedaan perlakuan ini disebabkan karena perbedaan warna kulit, suku, dan dapat juga karena perbedaan jenis kelamin, ekonomi, agama, status sosial, dan lain sebagainya. Menurut Theodorson & Theodorson, diskriminasi adalah perlakuan yang tidak seimbang terhadap individu ataupun kelompok, berdasarkan sesuatu yang dirasa tidak sama dengannya, biasanya berdasarkan ras, suku bangsa, agama, atau keanggotaan yang berdasarkan kelas sosial. Istilah tersebut biasanya digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan tidak bermoral dan tidak demokratis yang dilakukan oleh kaum mayoritas yang dominan terhadap kaum minoritas.3 Dalam cacatan sejarah dunia, negara-negara di belahan barat sempat dihadapkan pada masa sulit karena terdapat diskriminasi berdasarkan warna kulit. Bagi penduduk yang memiliki warna kulit hitam akan diperlakukan tidak adil bahkan juga tidak jarang mereka dijadikan budak.4 Meskipun pada masa sekarang perbudakan orang hitam sudah terhapus, akan tetapi 3 Fukhoni, Memahami Diskriminasi, (Jakarta Selatan : The Indonesian Legal Resource), hal 2 4 Jazilatul Rohmah, “Diskriminasi Etnis Kulit Putih dan Kulit Hitam”, diakses dari https://www.rohmahjazil.com/diskriminasi-etnis-kulit-putih-dan-kulit-hitam/ pada tanggal 23 Nopember 2018 pukul 16.45. digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id 3 diskriminasi dalam bentuk lain masih sering terjadi karena sebagian masyarakat belum mengkonstruksi pemikirannya. Mereka menganggap merekalah ras atau kaum tertinggi, bibit paling unggul, sehingga mereka dapat meremehkan ras atau kaum lain. Bukan hanya itu saja, bahkan diskriminasi dengan bentuk yang lebih kecil juga sering terjadi, seperti diskriminasi gender, warna kulit maupun ras. Beberapa negara juga mengalami diskriminasi terhadap perempuan, salah satunya yaitu negara India. Di India, tingkat diskriminasi dan kesenjangan
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