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Year 8 History Home Study Work Pack Contents Task Pages When to do 1-5 – Edward I 2-5 Week 1 – first half of the week 6 and 7 – Edward I 5-6 Week 1 – second half of the week 8 and 9 – Renaissance 7-10 Week 2 – first half of the week 10 and 11 - Renaissance 11-14 Week 2 – second half of the week 1 Week 1 of home study Edward I (complete these tasks in week 1 of your home study): You are going to be studying about King Edward I of England who ruled from 1272 to 1307 TASK 1: Complete the diagram of the feudal system from what we’ve already studied. TASK 2: Edward I had two nicknames: Edward Longshanks Hammer of the Scots What can you infer about him from these two nicknames? __________________________________________________________________________________ 2 STRETCH: Why was the king so powerful in medieval times? (Use your feudal system diagram to help you) ________________________________________________________________________________ TASK 3: Copy these into your glossary: Edward I – the King of England from 1272 to 1307. He established parliament and increased the power of England over Wales and Scotland. Plantation – planting people to live in a certain area TASK 4: As you read the sheet, highlight the things that Edward changed in one colour, and the things that stayed the same in another colour Key: Ways Edward changed Wales = Ways Wales stayed the same = The conquest of Wales by King Edward I Edward I was an ambitious man. His father Henry II had made sure that although Wales was loyal to England, it was still ruled by a Welsh prince. However, Edward wanted to be King of all the British Isles. He set out to conquer Wales through several methods. We are going to investigate how successful Edward was at changing Wales. In 1282 different Welsh lords joined together to launch a rebellion against King Edward. They wanted Wales to be ruled by the Welsh and disagreed with Edward forcing them to follow English laws. Edward gathered a large army and marched into Wales, to not only destroy the rebellion, but also to fully conquer Wales once and for all. Edward was an excellent soldier and after a number of battles he was able to defeat the rebels and to execute their leaders. Edward needed to consolidate his power and he did this in three ways. To make sure that there were plenty of loyal followers in Wales, Edward ‘planted’ thousands of English people in Wales. He took land from the Welsh people and gave it to new English migrants and even created special towns in Wales, like Flint, where only English people would be allowed to 3 live. This meant that if there was a rebellion amongst Welsh people, there would be lots of Edward’s followers around to stop it. He also built huge castles in important places all over Wales. Edward built huge castles in towns such as Conwy and Harlech which helped to show English power and allowed his soldiers to keep watch of the local area, just as William the Conqueror had done. The most important of Edward’s followers lived in these castles, and controlled the people who lived around them. They would be quick to stop rebellions against Edward, if any broke out. In 1284, he passed a law, called the ‘Statute of Wales’, which stated that all of Wales would use English law. This ensured that Edward would be in full control of all important decisions that happened in Wales. However, Edward’s attempts to change Wales to make it part of his lands were not completely successful. The Welsh people continued to speak Welsh after Edward’s attempted conquest. We know this because monks, who went to Wales to set up new Churches and monasteries, had to learn Welsh. Furthermore, in 1188, Edward sent Archbishop Baldwin to oversee a legal trial, and the Archbishop had to have translators because he did not speak Welsh. Also, the Welsh continued to tell traditional Welsh stories, especially those from a book called the Mabinogion. This was a set of Welsh myths. Keeping their language and their Welsh stories helped the people of Wales to feel that they were not completely part of Edward’s English kingdom. TASK 5 Answer these questions in full sentences: 1) Why did the Welsh rebel against Edward in 1282? ______________________________________________________________________________ 2) What was the outcome of the Welsh rebellion? __________________________________________________________________________ 3) How did Edward make sure that he had loyal followers in Wales? __________________________________________________________________________________ 4) Where did Edward build castles, and how did they help him? __________________________________________________________________________________ 5) When did Edward pass the statute of Wales, and how did it help him? __________________________________________________________________________________ 6) How do we know that people continued to speak Welsh? ___________________________________________________________________________ 4 7) What did the Welsh continue to do, which helped them to keep feeling separate from the English? Two things Stretch Overall, do you think that Edward was successful at changing Wales? Why/why not? __________________________________________________________________________________ TASK 6: Now read through these ‘chronology cards’ on Edward’s reign. Highlight in 2 different colours Key: Edward gaining power = Edward losing power = 1.Establishment of 2. Consolidation of 3. Exclusion of Jews 4. Wars in Scotland Parliament Wales Edward fought many Edward increased battles in Wales and Edward successfully taxes on everyone in Though Edward was Scotland so he needed consolidated his power England to pay for his at first successful in to ask the Barons for in Wales by building battles. When some taking control of their permission to castles and creating Jewish people could Scotland he faced increase taxes to pay for English only towns in not afford to pay rebellions all these battles. Wales. This meant that these huge taxes throughout his rule. He was the first King England now Edward passed a law This cost England to hold parliament controlled all of Wales that banned all large amounts of regularly and it became directly and could raise Jewish people from money and ensured an important part of the taxes and soldiers living in England in that England and way England was ruled. from this land. This 1290. This allowed Scotland would This meant that power made English Kings Edward to confiscate continue fighting for was more shared more powerful. (take) all the many years after. around and that Barons property that Jewish and Lords had more of a people owned. say in how the country It would take should be run. almost 400 years for Jews to be allowed to return to England. 5. Laws 6. Relations with the 7. Personality 8. Money problems Barons Edward was a clever Edward was a strong – Edward had a fierce When Edward died King who worked hard minded man. He often temper and many he left England with 5 to improve the laws of argued with the people who worked a huge debt. His wars the country. He made Barons. Though by with him were often in Wales and sure that the same laws holding parliament scared of Edward. Scotland had cost were followed in every more often it gave the Although the people England a huge part of the country. Barons more of a say of England did not amount of money. This made England a in the country Edward necessarily like King Edward’s son Edward more unified country was still in control. The Edward they did fear II spent a long time and strengthened the King and Barons and respect him. of his reign trying to power of the King. argued throughout his pay his father’s debts reign about how much and finish the tax they should pay campaign in and how many soldiers Scotland. they should give to Edward’s army. TASK 7: Write 2 PEE Paragraphs answering the question below: ’Edward I completely changed Wales’. How far do you agree? (8 marks) Structure: 2 PEE paragraphs: • A clear point • Detailed evidence about what Edward did • An explanation of why this was a change • Repeat for more evidence and explanation A conclusion, saying whether you think that Edward completely changed Wales or not ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 6 ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ The Renaissance (complete these tasks in week 2 of your home study): Our next topic of study will be the Renaissance. This means ‘rebirth’ and led to new discoveries in many areas and the decline of the Church’s power after the Medieval period. TASK 8: Read the information below

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