Andrews Forest LTER6 Proposal to the National Science Foundation February 2008

HJA

HJ ANDREWS EXPERIMENTAL FOREST COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

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DEB - Long-Term Ecological Research DATE RECEIVED NUMBER OF COPIES DIVISION ASSIGNED FUND CODE DUNS# (Data Universal Numbering System) FILE LOCATION 053599908 EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (EIN) OR SHOW PREVIOUS AWARD NO. IF THIS IS IS THIS PROPOSAL BEING SUBMITTED TO ANOTHER FEDERAL TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (TIN) A RENEWAL AGENCY? YES NO IF YES, LIST ACRONYM(S) AN ACCOMPLISHMENT-BASED RENEWAL 481278540 0218088 NAME OF ORGANIZATION TO WHICH AWARD SHOULD BE MADE ADDRESS OF AWARDEE ORGANIZATION, INCLUDING 9 DIGIT ZIP CODE OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331-8507 AWARDEE ORGANIZATION CODE (IF KNOWN) 0032102000 NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION, IF DIFFERENT FROM ABOVE ADDRESS OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION, IF DIFFERENT, INCLUDING 9 DIGIT ZIP CODE

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IS AWARDEE ORGANIZATION (Check All That Apply) SMALL BUSINESS MINORITY BUSINESS IF THIS IS A PRELIMINARY PROPOSAL (See GPG II.C For Definitions) FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATION WOMAN-OWNED BUSINESS THEN CHECK HERE TITLE OF PROPOSED PROJECT Long-Term Ecological Research at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest (LTER6)

REQUESTED AMOUNT PROPOSED DURATION (1-60 MONTHS) REQUESTED STARTING DATE SHOW RELATED PRELIMINARY PROPOSAL NO. IF APPLICABLE $ 5,640,000 72months 11/01/08 CHECK APPROPRIATE BOX(ES) IF THIS PROPOSAL INCLUDES ANY OF THE ITEMS LISTED BELOW BEGINNING INVESTIGATOR (GPG I.G.2) HUMAN SUBJECTS (GPG II.D.6) Human Subjects Assurance Number DISCLOSURE OF LOBBYING ACTIVITIES (GPG II.C) Exemption Subsection or IRB App. Date PROPRIETARY & PRIVILEGED INFORMATION (GPG I.D, II.C.1.d) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES: COUNTRY/COUNTRIES INVOLVED HISTORIC PLACES (GPG II.C.2.j) (GPG II.C.2.j) SMALL GRANT FOR EXPLOR. RESEARCH (SGER) (GPG II.D.1) VERTEBRATE ANIMALS (GPG II.D.5) IACUC App. Date HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS/OTHER GRAPHICS WHERE EXACT COLOR PHS Animal Welfare Assurance Number REPRESENTATION IS REQUIRED FOR PROPER INTERPRETATION (GPG I.G.1) PI/PD DEPARTMENT PI/PD POSTAL ADDRESS Forest Science Department Richardson Hall PI/PD FAX NUMBER Corvallis, OR 97331 541-737-1393 United States NAMES (TYPED) High Degree Yr of Degree Telephone Number Electronic Mail Address PI/PD NAME Barbara J Bond PhD 1992 541-737-6110 [email protected] CO-PI/PD Mark E Harmon PhD 1986 541-737-8455 [email protected] CO-PI/PD Sherri L Johnson PhD 1995 541-758-7771 [email protected] CO-PI/PD Julia A Jones PhD 1983 541-737-1224 [email protected] CO-PI/PD Thomas A Spies Ph.D. 1983 503-750-7354 [email protected] Page 1 of 2 CERTIFICATION PAGE

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Page 2 of 2 PROJECT SUMMARY This proposal presents plans for the sixth funding cycle of the Andrews LTER Program (LTER6). Our plans maintain the continuity of our long-term experiments and measurement programs, some of which have been in place for more than 50 years, as well as the Central Question that has guided our LTER program for the past three funding cycles: How do land use, natural disturbances, and climate affect three key ecosystem properties: carbon and nutrient dynamics, biodiversity, and hydrology? We aim to increase our understanding of the forest and stream ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest, typified by the Andrews Forest, while steering our program to answer critical questions that are relevant today to our region, the LTER Network and the broader society. One of the goals of LTER6 is to evaluate ecosystem responses to potential future change in drivers – especially climate. Long-term studies at the Andrews Forest show little evidence so far of responses to climate change. However, climate projections for our region suggest that warming trends in the coming half century will greatly exceed changes that have occurred over the last half-century. Our site is well positioned to use long-term ecosystem behaviors to evaluate potential future change. We have measured and proxy records extending to 50 and >500 years, respectively, and our site spans steep and complex climate gradients. We will make a special effort to understand how regional-scale changes in climate might down-scale to affect ecosystem processes at our site. Mountains define our landscape, and during LTER5 we learned that microclimate patterns and processes in our complex terrain are far more complicated than we initially envisioned. These complexities have important implications for the coupling between macroclimate and microclimate, and they influence the ways that biodiversity, hydrology and carbon and nutrient cycling respond to ecosystem drivers. Another important goal of LTER6, therefore, is to understand the influence of complex terrain on ecosystem processes. Our proposed studies will deepen our understanding of the forest and stream ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest. We will address our Central Question by enhancing our understanding of the responses of phenology, trophic interactions, and carbon, nutrient and water cycles to changes in climate, land use and disturbance, and by understanding influences of complex terrain on these responses. In addition, in LTER6 we will expand our knowledge of our system and its surroundings as a coupled natural and human system, addressing research challenges outlined in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. With the overall goal of intensifying connections of our program with society and the social sciences, we will consider relationships between ecosystem change and social change, as mediated by ecosystem services. We will rely on strong partnerships rather than LTER funding to achieve this goal, but we consider them part of our core research. In the past we have pioneered strong science/management and science/humanities connections, and we plan to continue to grow and nurture these partnerships. Our proposal outlines plans to develop closer integration between our science program and our education program, and to create a “Cyber Forest” infrastructure within the Andrews landscape. Our synthesis book is on track for completion in 2008. Scientific Merits of this proposal include: Continuation of long-term measurements and experiments in one of the LTER network’s longest-running programs; increased understanding of the forest and stream ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest, typified by the Andrews Forest, and contribution of this knowledge to the broader understanding of ecosystems in the LTER network; elucidation of ecosystem responses and feedbacks to potential climate change; developing a foundation for new ecological theory for complex terrain. Broader impacts of this proposal include: Training and development of scientists and scientific knowledge of citizens on multiple levels, including K-12 teachers and students, undergraduate students, graduate students and early-career researchers; encouragement of multidisciplinary, collaborative research; forging stronger alliances between biophysical scientists and social scientists; dissemination of scientific knowledge through strong science/management partnerships and contribution to adaptive management strategies; fostering science/humanities connections; enhancement of cyberinfrastructure at the Andrews and contribution to important innovations in cyberinfrastructure. Andrews Forest LTER6 Proposal Table of Contents

Section 1.0 Prior Results...... 1 Section 2.0 Proposed Activities...... 6 2.1. Goals and objectives for LTER6...... 7 Goal I: Understand the influence of complex terrain on ecosystem structure and function ...... 7 Goal II: Evaluate potential consequences of change scenarios for climate, land use and disturbance for ecosystem states, processes and services...... 8 Goal III: Intensify integration among the Andrews LTER science program, the social sciences, and society to encompass the coupled, adaptive natural/human system of our region...... 9 2.2. Overall approach ...... 10 2.3. Continuing long-term experiments, sampling and monitoring in the Andrews LTER...... 10 2.3.1. Approach to long-term studies...... 10 2.3.2. Continuing long-term studies, and their application to LTER6 goals and objectives...... 11 2.4. Analyses, new empirical studies, and planning for short-term mechanistic experiments ...... 16 2.4.1. Retrospective analyses of interactions of climate, complex terrain, fire, insects, forests...... 16 2.4.2. Phenology and trophic interactions in complex terrain ...... 17 2.4.3. Carbon and water cycle processes within in a small watershed: role of complex terrain ...... 18 2.4.4. Small watershed tracer study: resource use efficiency in complex terrain ...... 20 2.4.5. Potential effects of future change ...... 21 2.5. Regionalization, cross-site, and other collaborative efforts in the LTER network...... 22 2.5.1. Regional and cross-site studies of biophysical processes ...... 22 2.5.2. Intensifying connections with society and social sciences ...... 23 2.5.3. Collaborations and cross-site work in the arts/humanities ...... 25 2.6. Synthesis ...... 25 Section 3.0 Site and Program Management ...... 26 3.1 Management Philosophy...... 26 3.2 Decision Making within LTER...... 26 3.3 Encouraging New Research and New Researchers...... 26 3.4 Institutional Relations...... 27 3.5 Change in Leadership and Participants ...... 27 Section 4.0 Information Management ...... 28 4.1 Introduction ...... 28 4.2 Commitment to LTER Information Management...... 28 4.3 Historical Perspective...... 28 4.4 Data and Information Management System...... 29 4.5 Integration with Site Science ...... 29 4.6 Data Access Policy and Online Data...... 29 4.7 Computing Environment...... 30 4.8 Network-level Activities...... 30 4.9 Future Challenges...... 30 Section 5.0 Outreach and Education...... 31 5.1. Description of the Program...... 31 5.2. Future Plans...... 32 Figures and Tables Section 6.0 Literature Cited Section 7.0 Budget & Budget Justification Section 8.0 Biographical Sketches Section 9.0 Current and Pending Support Supplementary Docs Facilities Databases Collaborators & Potential Conflicts of Interest OSU-USDA FS MOU Publications 1.0. PRIOR RESULTS Below we present highlights of increased understanding from the current funding cycle the Andrews LTER Program (LTER5), with an emphasis on knowledge that is relevant to our proposal for the next funding cycle (LTER6). We first outline the scope and historical context of our work; then we present key findings and summarize how they lead us to our proposed work in LTER6. SCOPE OF ANDREWS LTER. Our research spans temporal scales of diel to millennial and spatial scales of plot to small watershed (10-100 ha) to meso-scale watershed and landscape (ca. 100 km2) to the Pacific Northwest conifer forest bioregion. Our system of core long-term measurements and experiments (Table 1.1) provides background and a foundation for individual, discipline-based research projects and also for observing environmental change. Long-term measurements involving climate, land use, disturbance, hydrology, nutrient fluxes, vegetation and biodiversity have yielded a steady stream of published research findings (see below and Supplementary Documentation, Publication list). These long-term studies have stimulated many affiliated projects, thus creating numerous opportunities for integration of multidisciplinary perspectives. HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Over its 28-year history, the Andrews LTER program has remained a major center for analysis and knowledge of forest and stream ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest. Today, several dozen university and federal scientists use this LTER site as a common meeting ground, working together to gain basic understanding of ecosystems and to apply this knowledge in management and policy. The Andrews Forest program has its roots in the establishment of the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (hereafter referred to as the Andrews Forest) by the US Forest Service in 1948 (Figure 1.1). This began two decades of predominantly Forest Service research in the 1950s and 1960s on the management of watersheds, soils, and vegetation. With the inception of the International Biological Programme- Coniferous Forest Biome (IBP) in 1969, university scientists began to play increasingly important roles in the Andrews program. Focus shifted from single disciplines to interdisciplinary research on forest and stream ecosystems, especially old-growth forests. IBP ended in the late 1970s and LTER commenced in 1980. The first decade of LTER work solidified a foundation of long-term field experiments as well as long-term measurement programs focused on climate, stream flow, water quality, vegetation succession, and biogeochemical cycling (See the Supplementary Documentation for a complete list of online databases). Our Central Question, “How do land use, natural disturbances, and climate change affect three key ecosystem properties: carbon and nutrient dynamics, biodiversity, and hydrology?” (Figure 1.2), was developed in LTER3 (our third funding cycle). At the time we knew that addressing this question would require decades of supporting measurements, experimentation, and conceptual advances as well as integration and synthesis across disciplinary boundaries. Integrated concepts that we have investigated include: a process-based understanding of landscape dynamics; effects of early succession on ecosystem dynamics; impact of species attributes on ecosystem dynamics; small watershed behavior; and temporal behaviors. Work under the integrated themes has improved our understanding of the system’s behavior. Highlights of research findings during LTER 5 are presented below. CLIMATE. During LTER5 we documented that microclimatic patterns and processes in mountainous terrain is far more complex than typically envisioned (Greenland et al. 2003) (Figure 1.3, 1.4, 1.5). Our long-term climate measurements have indicated that cold air accumulation in valleys leads to thermal inversions at certain times during the year (Smith 2002) (Figure 1.3); Daly et al. (2007) modeled this process. Katabatic (downhill) and anabatic (uphill) winds, well known in mountainous areas, are associated with patterns of inversions at night and well-mixed conditions during the day. However, this daily pattern is nested within an irregular, multi-day cycle that alternates between inverted and well-mixed conditions extending to the ridgelines, causing the coupling between microclimates, especially in valleys, and synoptic weather patterns to fluctuate substantially over the course of a year. Because of this the normal temperature lapse rate, which is widely used to estimate temperature differences over elevation gradients, is a poor predictor of temperature differences across our site. The difference in daily minimum temperature between two climate stations with an 830m difference in elevation fluctuated by more than 15˚C over the measurement period, and in contrast to predictions from the normal lapse rate (-6.5˚C km-1), the minimum temperature was frequently cooler at the low elevation site than at the high elevation (Figure 1.4). These irregular, multi-day patterns appear to be controlled by the curvature of regional air flow patterns. Temperature lapse rates were most inverted during anti-cyclonic (ridging) patterns with low flow strength,

1 and exhibited the most well mixed (approaching the normal lapse rate) condition during cyclonic (troughing) patterns with high flow strength (Daly unpublished). Precipitation patterns across the Andrews Forest result from strong interactions between topography and wind directions (Figure 1.5). These findings suggest: 1) temporal variations in climate do not always occur synchronously across the mountain landscape, and 2) the degree of climatic asynchrony can be large over small distances and vary strongly with weather regime, season, time of day, topographic position, and other factors. This has great implications for long-term ecosystem monitoring and analysis in LTER6. However, we are gaining a solid understanding of the underlying forcing factors that lead to this spatial and temporal variability. HYDROLOGY. Long-term paired watershed experiments and many short-term studies improved our mechanistic understanding of interception, transpiration, and water flow paths on hillslopes, channels and in the hyporheic zones. Young forests produce higher winter streamflows but lower summer flows than old forests (e.g., Jones and Post 2004); this work contributed significantly to a forthcoming NAS report (NRC 2008). The presence of snow interacts with slope gradient to control storm peak flow magnitude and synchrony (Perkins and Jones in press). Transpiration rates were not correlated with slope position for trees of the same species, although deciduous trees in moist valleys had significantly higher transpiration than conifers (Moore et al. 2004). Contrary to expectations, seasonal water use was greater for trees on a south-facing than on the opposite north-facing slope, and midsummer water stress was greater for trees on the north-facing slope (Barnard unpublished). Precipitation and δ18O of precipitation were both higher and more variable at high compared to low elevation. Within gaged watersheds, the mean residence time of water ranged from 0.8 to 3.3 yrs, with longer residence times at gently sloped upper elevations (McGuire et al. 2005). At the hillslope scale, mean residence times of storm water were 10-25 days for shallow and deep soil, respectively (McGuire 2004); much greater than the timescale of storm events. A watering experiment of a hillslope during summer drought showed rapid uptake of labeled water by trees (Barnard et al. unpublished), but surprisingly, the water addition did not increase overall transpiration and the added water fluxed to the stream (Graham unpublished, van Verseveld 2007). Ongoing studies indicate that water in trees, soils, and streams have distinct isotopic composition, indicating that separate pools of water traverse these various flowpaths (Brooks unpublished). In channels, heterogeneity in substrate type and the influence of wood influenced hydraulic residence times (Anderson et al. 2005, Gooseff et al. 2003, 2005, 2006) and flow paths (Kasahara and Wondzell 2003, Wondzell et al. 2007). Flow through the hyporheic zones followed a power law distribution (Haggerty et al. 2002); long storage times in hyporheic zones moderate stream temperature (Johnson 2004). DISTURBANCE AND LAND USE. Disturbance processes initiating succession in our system include fires, floods, earth movement, windstorms, insect outbreaks, and landuse, including forest management and roads. Synthesis of results from past LTER5 indicated that disturbances and land use legacies persist at site and landscape scales influencing ecosystems over the long-term (Turner et al. 2003, Foster et al. 2003, Swanson et al. 2003). Fire history reconstruction studies indicated climate variability controlled long-term patterns in fire occurrence (Weisberg and Swanson 2003, Greenland et al. 2003). The age structure of shade-intolerant and shade-tolerant tree species in the western Cascades indicated distinct fire regimes and successional pathways occurred as a function of landform cold air drainage patterns (Giglia 2004, Tepley unpublished), suggesting that disturbance patterns are influenced by the topographically-driven complexity of the climate pattern. Dendrochronological analyses revealed relationships between fire and insect outbreaks at the Andrews LTER, and suggest relationships between climate variability and insect disturbance (Figure 1.6). Legacies of land use (clearcuts and roads) facilitated exotic plant invasion along roads. During extreme storm events, landslides carried propagules of exotic plants into streams and facilitated plant invasions from roads throughout the riparian network (Sheehy 2006, Watterson and Jones 2006). Legacies of land use also left a signature of depleted wood in streams, which was exacerbated by wood movement during extreme storm events (Czarnomski et al. in review). Long-term discharge records revealed continued effects of land use change on hydrology. Clearcutting resulted in larger and more persistent water surpluses in the Pacific Northwest compared to other regions (Jones and Post 2004) and continued to produce summer water deficits 30 years after harvest (Perry 2007). During large storms, the presence of a snowpack tended to synchronize peak flows from headwaters, resulting in an increase of flood peaks downstream (Perkins and Jones in press). In collaboration with land manager partners we have continued to implement and monitor the 17,500-ha Blue River Landscape Study, which uses an adaptive management approach to examine the concept of using historical landscape dynamics as a base for managing the future forest landscape (Swanson et al.

2 2003). Simulation modeling of alternative landscape change scenarios reveals major differences between some contemporary land management systems and the historic wildfire regime in terms of extent of early and late seral habitat and carbon sequestration (Swanson et al. 2003). VEGETATION DYNAMICS. LTER5 studies of vegetation dynamics enhanced our understanding of a number of biotic processes including parasites on tree growth (Shaw et al. in press), invasion of montane meadows (Haugo and Halpern 2007, Lang and Halpern 2007), and early successional dynamics that were previously poorly known (Yang et al. 2005, Lutz 2005). The high abundance of shade-tolerant conifers in early forest development suggests current models oversimplify young stand development processes (Lutz and Halpern 2006). For the first 40 years of succession after clearcutting, the mean stability of populations of forest herbs was positively related to species richness (Lutz and Halpern 2006). Over 40% of pairwise associations among 33 plant species could be attributed to shared, positive correlations with surrounding vegetation, suggesting that facilitation is of primary importance in this dynamic, early successional environment (Rozzell 2003). LEPIDOPTERA AND COLEOPTERA. Initial results from sampling for Lepidoptera along topographic and landuse gradients indicated that moth diversity, distributions, and life histories are highly sensitive to interactions among topography, climate and vegetation, and could be possible indicators of climate change. Despite dominance of our system by conifers, 90% of Lepidoptera (moths) species are obligatory angiosperm feeders. Species richness is higher in riparian habitats versus upland habitats and in open canopy versus closed canopy habitats. Elevation and seral state of plants are important factors for predicting moth species assemblages. Twenty additional moth species have been recently identified (the total is now 580 species). Although newly observed exotics do not seem to pose a “pest threat”, they do suggest that agents of biological disturbance could establish rapidly. Examination of ground-dwelling beetles indicated communities in old growth stands were relatively stable, while those in early seral stands were changing in a parallel trend to vegetation dynamics (Heyborne et al. 2003, Miller et al. 2003). CARBON AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS. Comparisons between the Andrews and Wind River Experimental Forests indicated a similar drop in bole-related NPP in older forests (Janisch unpublished), and that coarse roots decompose more slowly than logs at Wind River (Janisch et al. 2005), the opposite of the pattern at the Andrews Forest. A detailed examination of the carbon budget for an old-growth forest at Wind River (Harmon et al. 2004) allowed reinterpretation of IBP-era work on the Andrews. Estimates of the potential maximum carbon stores in the Pacific Northwest indicated the Pacific Northwest has large potential to store additional carbon if land-use management is altered (Smithwick et al. 2002, Homann et al. 2004, 2005). Analysis of spatial coherence (i.e., the degree of synchrony between sites) indicated interannual variability of bole-related production of individual trees and stands was more temporally variable for faster growing trees and stands than slower growing ones (Woolley et al. 2007, Woolley 2005) (Figure 1.7). The large range in coherence observed (reflected in correlation coefficients from -0.18 to 0.85) has significant implications for modeling and scaling of NPP. Experimental treatments in the DIRT (Detritus Input and Removal Treatments) study indicated root and rhizospheric respiration contributed 23%, aboveground litter decomposition contributed 19%, and belowground litter decomposition contributed 58% to total soil CO2 efflux, respectively (Sulzman et al. 2005). The experiments also indicated a priming effect when litter inputs were increased, a finding with strong implications for soil C storage under a changing climate. This experiment also provided evidence that root C inputs exert a large control on microbial community composition in forested ecosystems (Brant et al. 2006). In steep terrain, soil respiration rates were significantly greater on south-facing than on north-facing slopes (Kayler unpublished). This may be due in part to differences between slopes in organic matter quality in the topsoil. The temporal pattern of net carbon balance changed from the stand to the landscape scales (Smithwick et al. 2007); this finding has been used in developing a landscape level model based on the frequency, severity, and regularity of disturbances (Ngo 2006). Simulations indicated forests with frequent partial removal of live trees can store as much carbon as those with complete tree harvest on longer rotations (Harmon et al. in review) implying there are multiple ways to increase carbon stores in the forest. AIRSHED PROCESSES. The chemical constituents of air in nocturnal cold air drainage, especially the 13 isotopic composition of ecosystem-respired CO2 (δ CER), is being used as an indicator of metabolic processes at the whole-watershed scale of WS 1 (Pypker et al. 2007a). Nocturnal cold air drainage within the watershed occurs on most clear nights in spring, summer and fall. Between 2000 h and 2400 h (PST), a pool of cold air forms within the valley that “spills” out of the narrow opening at the base of the

3 watershed. The canopy interacts with the airflow to create two distinct zones of airflow (Pypker et al. 2007b) (Figure 1.8). A deep zone fills the canopy trunk space and mixes with canopy air, and another zone of airflow forms just above the canopy. The air in both zones is turbulent and well-mixed due to physical interactions with trees, but the temperature inversion just above the canopy creates a “lid” that prevents exchange between the canopy airspace and the above-canopy airspace. When the nocturnal cold air drainage is well developed, virtually all of the CO2 respired throughout the basin is carried with the nocturnal air drainage and exits the watershed advectively, through horizontal downslope flows. Interestingly, eddy covariance towers are typically located in areas with minimal nocturnal air drainage, but advective fluxes still create significant errors in nocturnal flux calculations at most flux sites. Our findings suggest that it may be easier to measure nocturnal fluxes in a deeply-incised basin than on gently-sloping surfaces since virtually all of the net CO2 flux in the deep valley is advective. Ongoing studies indicate that seasonal variations in canopy physiological processes, including transpiration and 13 carbon assimilation, may be predicted from measurements of δ CER (Pypker et al. in review). FOREST-STREAM INTERACTIONS. During LTER5, we examined the role of forest-stream linkages in terms of nutrient export at baseflow and during storms, legacies of aquatic invertebrate diversity in previously harvested basins, temporal variation in fish and invertebrate populations, and dynamics of large wood. Experiments measuring aquatic nitrogen uptake and export using 15N nitrate (LINX2; Mulholland et al. in press) showed very little surface or subsurface denitrification in Mack Creek (Sobota 2007). Instream biota have an active role in N uptake. Over a 300-m reach, instream sequestration by biota accounted for 10% of 15-labeled NO3 and 40% of 15-labeled NH4 (Ashkenas et al. 2004). During storm flows, concentrations of nutrients generally increased, but the quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measured as specific UV absorbance (SUVA) also increased, suggesting that DOC mobilized from soils is more aromatic than instream DOC (Hood et al. 2006). The increase in SUVA was more pronounced in basins that had been previously harvested, highlighting that spectroscopic and chemical characterization of DOC can be used as a tool to better understand changing sources of DOC and water within forested basins. Streams with prior forest harvest (>30yrs previously) did not differ in aquatic macroinvertebrate densities or diversity from old-growth streams (Frady et al. 2007), although emergence was temporally lagged across elevational gradients. Identification of indicator species of macroinvertebrates was not possible due to the high variability among stream communities. Fish size and densities in previously harvested portions of Mack Creek, which were greater in the first decade after harvest in the 1960s, have converged with those in the old growth section in the fourth and fifth post-harvest decades. Fish diets and prey availability are very similar in the old-growth vs. previously clear cut sections despite continued differences in riparian vegetation; diets are primarily (50-70%) on benthic macroinvertebrates. Fluctuations in fish density over time (Figure 1.9) show highest temporally coherence in adjacent reaches than between sections, which are separated by up to 2 km. Higher coherence of density occurs within life stages than between adults and young, yet the abiotic processes likely driving the variation are coherent across the landscape. Our model of dynamics of large wood along stream reaches revealed that land use practices in riparian areas can alter longitudinal patterns of large wood delivery and storage that persist for 50-150 years (Meleason et al. 2003). Public perception of the role of large wood in Oregon was consistent with Germany and Sweden but differed sharply with other countries and regions (Texas, France, Spain, Italy, Poland, Russia, India), illustrating social barriers to development and application of river restoration strategies (Piégay et al. 2005). SYNTHESIS AREA: SMALL WATERSHED BEHAVIOR. Understanding the processes influencing the behavior of small watersheds has recently been a major synthesis activity for LTER. In LTER5 we developed a synthetic framework for knowledge from past experiments and process studies to gain insights into controls on storage, transformation and losses of N on the small watershed scale, drawing on expert knowledge of 12 co-PIs and dozens of publications. This framework was translated into a simulation model in STELLA to quantify and better display relationships among watershed N cycling and climate variability, disturbance, and anthropogenic deposition, and to help plan the next steps in long-term watershed research. The model accounts for observed seasonal and interannual dynamics of N fluxes from small watersheds and suggests seasonal and interannual variability in climate dominate the dissolved N export signal in this watershed (Figure 1.10). Changes in seasonal climate dynamics are likely future drivers of changes in small watershed biogeochemistry in this ecosystem. Key findings from small watershed synthesis in LTER5 are: 1) fluxes of dissolved N from these watersheds exhibit negligible responses to major disturbances (100% logging of old-growth forest, major floods and debris flows); and

4 2) this lack of change is explained mechanistically in the model by efficient utilization of N along gravitational flowpaths of water in this topographically complex landscape, whereby various parts of the small watershed ecosystem (vegetation canopy, understory, surface soils, subsoils, riparian zone, hyporheic zone) exercise diverse and mutually compensating roles in N processing (Jones unpublished). SYNTHESIS AREA: TEMPORAL BEHAVIORS. To complement our understanding of spatial scaling, we began an analysis of temporal behaviors in LTER5. Although a range of temporal behaviors (hysteresis and path dependence) was examined, the focus was on spatial coherence. Our initial analysis of climate, hydrology, stream chemistry, tree growth, and fish populations showed that our original hypothesis – that abiotic variables have greater spatial coherence than chemical or biotic variables – needed to be modified to include the time resolution of the measurements (Harmon et al. 2005). We now hypothesize that for abiotic variables, the spatial coherence or correlation among sites increases as the time step increases. The reverse is true for biotic variables, where longer time steps may have a lower spatial coherence than short. We have concluded that many processes in mountain systems are not as spatially coherent as often assumed. Our 20-year vegetation phenology dataset shows, for example, that bud break lacks spatial coherence across the Andrews Forest landscape (Figure 1.11). We speculate that the lack of spatial coherence arose in part from differences in microclimates among sites caused by topographic complexity. Lack of spatial coherence in different tree species is evident in dendrochronological records (Figure 1.6) and across sites for the same species for fish density (Figure 1.9) and tree growth (Figure 1.7). These temporal behaviors have major implications for how ecological change is measured in a mountainous landscape as well as how we approach relationships between responses and drivers in our Central Question. GENERAL SYNTHESIS AND INTERSITE ACTIVITIES. Our site has engaged in numerous syntheses and intersite activities during LTER5. These include leadership of the major intersite studies: LIDET (Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team), (Parton et al. 2007); Intersite Hydrology (Jones and Post 2004, Jones 2005); DIRT (Detrital Input Removal and Treatment) (Lajtha et al. 2005); LINX-2 (Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment) (Mulholland et al. in press); and collaborative studies in China, Hungary, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Sweden, and Taiwan. We have contributed to intersite synthesis on NPP methods (Kloppel et al. 2007, Harmon et al. 2007), conventions on carbon fluxes (Chapin et al. 2006), wood in world rivers (Gregory et al. 2003), ecological impacts of roads (Forman et al. 2003), land use legacies (Foster et al. 2003), ecological variability (Kratz et al. 2003), and disturbances (Turner et al. 2003). Information managers for our site have been the lead developers of ClimDB/HydroDB, a cross-site climate and hydrology database and data harvester that includes all LTER sites, many USFS Experimental Forest and Range (EFR) sites, and international sites (Henshaw et al. 2006). Andrews LTER researchers organized an international synthesis of wood dynamics and management in river networks (Gregory et al. 2003) that initiated an on-going international series (Scotland 2006, Florida 2009). A long-term goal for the Andrews has been the completion of our synthesis book for the LTER book series, and we have made significant progress. The book will focus on lessons from research at the Andrews Forest, told in part as the development of ideas as they have been shaped by growth of science knowledge, change in societal perspectives, and gradual and abrupt change of the forest itself. These ideas include themes such as the character and ecological importance of old-growth forests, roles of dead wood in forests and streams, the capacity of these forests to conserve nitrogen through severe disturbance, the great capacity of these forests for storing carbon, regulation of streamflow by forests, downstream variation in aquatic ecosystems, and use of understanding of historic disturbance regimes to guide future forest landscape management. A contract has been signed with Oxford Press, and 12 of the 14 chapters are being revised by co-authors. To see the outline and chapters go to: http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/webmast/hjabook/hjabook.cfm?next=main. SUMMARY. During LTER5 we made significant progress in understanding how our system’s climate is influenced by topography and how this introduces asynchrony across our forested landscape, phenomena we have observed in our Temporal Behaviors Synthesis Area. Our LTER5 studies have improved our understanding of key ecosystem processes and lead to improvements in many of the models we use to understand how our system responds to key drivers of change. This progress during LTER5 sets the stage for new analyses of our long-term measurements programs and to new activities that will move us closer to more fully addressing our Central Question.

5 2.0. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES We face challenges but have many opportunities as we plan the sixth research cycle for the Andrews LTER Program (LTER6). Challenges include maintaining continuity of long-term measurement programs – which become ever more valuable with time – while steering our program to answer critical questions that are relevant today to our region, the LTER Network and the broader society. The opportunities include using our legacy of research, collaborative teams, and strong partnerships (Figure 2.1) to advance our understanding of potential effects of climate change on our ecosystems and to expand our knowledge of our system as a coupled natural/human system. In the pages that follow, we outline a plan for integrated research and outreach that uses scientific understanding from our long-term studies (Table 1.1, Figure 2.1 and Supplementary documentation, Databases), and partnerships to increase our understanding of ecosystems and ecological processes at the Andrews Forest. We will consider possible scenarios for future change – especially climate change – and evaluate potential impacts of these changes on ecosystem processes and services. In so doing, we will provide comprehensive answers to the Central Question (Figure 2.3) that has guided Andrews LTER research for the past three funding cycles: How do land use, natural disturbances, and climate affect three key ecosystem properties: carbon and nutrient dynamics, biodiversity, and hydrology? Evidence is building that ecosystems throughout the world are responding to a changing global climate (IPCC 2007). Permafrost is warming in the Arctic, eliciting large-scale ecological changes (Hinzman et al. 2005); spring phenological events are occurring significantly earlier in the upper midwestern United States (Bradley et al. 1999); earlier snowmelt (Mote et al. 2005) and increased wildfires (Westerling et al. 2006) in the western United States have been linked to climate change; and bird species are arriving earlier in North America (Hitch and Leberg 2007). Long-term studies at the Andrews Forest, however, show little evidence so far of responses to climate change (see Prior Results). Perhaps climate changes have been too small or variable to elicit a detectable response, or the responses are lagged and will occur in the future, or responses to other drivers obscure responses to climate change, or ecosystem states and functions are somehow buffered from climate change (terms shown in bold on their first use are defined in Table 2.1). It is important to differentiate among these possibilities and understand the underlying mechanisms because the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC 2007) projects increases in temperature for our region. Will our system suddenly show a large response at some critical point? How will our system respond to interactive effects of climate and change in other drivers, i.e. change in land use and land cover and disturbances from fire or pests? Should forest management practices be altered now to accommodate potential climate change, and if so, how? Will climate change affect ecosystem services, including the quality and quantity of water available to the rapidly growing population for our region? While we will not be able to answer these questions fully, they will guide our research. In LTER6 we will continue to collect data from our long-term climate, hydrological, and vegetation measurement programs and analyze these data to search for evidence of climate change effects. We will make a special effort, in addition, to understand how regional-scale changes in climate might down-scale to our site. We believe that we cannot undertake this down-scaling effort without understanding how mountainous topography affects local climate and ecological processes (Figure 2.4, 2.5). Mountains define our landscape (Figure 2.2), and they are central to our conceptual development for LTER6 (Figure 1.2). The ecology of mountains has been a focus of scientific research for over 200 years, since von Humboldt (1807) documented change in vegetation and climate with altitude in the Andes. Widely cited research in Oregon documented of the influence of elevational and climatic gradients and disturbance on terrestrial plant communities (Whittaker 1960), and previous work has documented how topography influences vegetation patterns, disturbance history, and hydrology. However, despite a long history of mountain ecology globally and in our region we still have much to learn, especially about how topography affects flows of energy and material and mediates the interaction of regional climate and local ecosystems. In LTER5 we found that that complex terrain influences climate and ecological processes in unexpected ways. Consequently, to understand how climate change affects our site we must develop a better understanding of how mountainous terrain affects ecosystem processes and patterns. In LTER6 we will pursue closer integration of ecological and social sciences, place greater emphasis on integrating education and outreach with research, and create enhanced cyberinfrastructure. These directions are consistent with the concepts of the LTER Network’s Decadal Plan: Integrated Science for

6 Society and Education (ISSE; http://www.lternet.edu/decadalplan). To address research challenges outlined in the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (Carpenter et al. 2006), we will expand our Central Question to include the human dimension and the concept of our system as a coupled natural and human system that is subject to adaptive behavior (Pickett et al. 2005, Liu et al. 2007). Our program has always maintained close ties between research and management; in LTER6 we will strengthen these ties, and we will also develop new connections with social sciences. To enhance our education and outreach programs, our proposed Schoolyard LTER program will directly involve teachers and students in studies of phenology and trophic interactions, bringing the classroom to the field, and the field to the classroom. An additional new direction is to enhance significantly our cyberinfrastructure, developing a concept of Andrews as a Cyber-Forest. We are enthusiastic about maintaining our site’s strong research legacy, and excited about our new directions. 2.1. Goals and objectives for LTER6 Our conceptual organization highlights three complementary goals (Figure 2.3). The complex terrain and dense canopy cover of our site profoundly influence biodiversity, ecosystem processes and services, and their likely responses to climate variability and change. Therefore, in Goal I we aim to develop a deeper understanding of the Central Question in the context of complex terrain (Figure 2.3.A). For Goal II, we will apply this mechanistic understanding to evaluate potential future responses to change scenarios (Figure 2.3.B), and in Goal III we will expand our inquiry to consider the Andrews Forest as a coupled natural/human-based system (Figure 2.3.C). Our research and outreach will provide information to better inform decision-making in society about natural resources locally and regionally. As part of the nationwide observatory network of LTER sites, our site will make important contributions to understanding and predicting responses of our nation’s ecosystems to climate change. Goal I: Understand the influence of complex terrain on ecosystem structure and function (Figure 2.3.A). Objectives: 1. Understand and model the influence of regional, meso- and micro-scale processes on microclimate in complex terrain. 2. Understand influences of complex terrain on the sensitivity of carbon, nitrogen and water cycle processes to environmental drivers at different scales. 3. Understand influences of complex terrain and microclimatic heterogeneity on phenology and trophic interactions. Our steep mountains create steep climatic gradients. On the regional scale, storm fronts encounter two major mountain ranges as they travel from the ocean to the high plateau east of the Andrews Forest, first the Coast Range on the western margin of Oregon and then Cascade Mountains about 40 km to the east (Figure 2.2). Due the resulting “rain shadows”, precipitation decreases by more than an order of magnitude (>2500 to <200) over this 250 km distance. Topographic variations generate climatic variability on smaller spatial scales as well; variations in moisture, temperature and insolation give rise to patchy patterns of vegetation and, over long time periods, soil development. The spatial variability in precipitation, temperature, soils, and vegetation in the Pacific Northwest is among the highest in the United States (Hargrove et al. 2003). With 1200 m of relief over 6400 ha, the Andrews Forest also encompasses steep climatic gradients and considerable fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in microclimate. Steep mountains also generate flow patterns of air and water. In LTER5 we learned that cold air drainage systems can periodically decouple microclimates in valleys where the airflows occur from the troposphere and also that cold air drainage systems are strongly influenced by canopy structure (see Prior Results, Climate). Consequently, the coupling between microclimate and macroclimate is different in valleys than on ridges. The structure of the canopy also influences microclimates in important ways, including interception and reflectance of solar energy, interception of rain and snow, and transpiration, and in tall forests the environmental variability in the vertical dimension can be as great or greater as in the horizontal dimension (Ozanne et al. 2003, Nadkarni et al. 2004). Clearly, the macro-, meso- and microscale processes that influence microclimate are highly complex, but our previous research suggests that they may be predictable, giving us a much better ability to project the local consequences of regional climate change under different scenarios.

7 How do these complex topographic and climatic interactions affect ecosystem processes? In LTER6 we will focus on two consequences of complex terrain and its interactions with forest cover that are particularly relevant to ecosystem structure and function: spatial and temporal heterogeneity in microclimate and multiple, gravity-driven flow paths. Much attention has been paid by other investigators to climatic gradients in mountain ecosystems and to potential impacts of warming of alpine ecosystems. However, the ecological importance of fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in mountain ecosystems is generally not as well recognized (but see Haslett 1997, Zobel et al. 1976). Fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in microclimate leads to spatial variability in the rates and environmental regulation of processes affecting carbon, nutrient and water cycles. Multiple gravity-driven flowpaths of air and water transport organisms, material and energy, creating connections across this patchy landscape. From such complex interactions of structure and function, ecosystems may become self-organized (Perry 1995), and emergent properties may arise at certain ranges of scale (Gunderson 2000). In our small watershed synthesis in LTER5, the low sensitivity of N export to disturbance was explained by such properties. In LTER6 we will examine more closely how heterogeneity and multiple flowpaths affect scaling of C, N and water cycle processes, testing the hypothesis that environmental sensitivity of C, N and water cycle processes is lower at the basin scale than at the average plot scale. The phenologies and tropic interactions of organisms are also impacted by microclimatic heterogeneity in mountain ecosystems. In LTER5 we found that budbreak showed a lack of spatial coherence across the Andrews Forest landscape, and we speculated this might be due to microclimate variability (see Prior Results, Temporal Behaviors). In LTER6 we will explore in greater depth the relationships between microclimate heterogeneity and phenology, testing the hypothesis that phenological phases are protracted at the landscape scale compared with the plot scale, and that this reduces the likelihood that trophic interactions might become asynchronous. Goal II: Evaluate potential consequences of change scenarios for climate, land use and disturbance for ecosystem states, processes and services (Figure 2.3.B). Objectives: 1. Compare the relative sensitivity of biota and ecosystem processes in high elevation vs. low elevation environments to climate variability and climate change. 2. Characterize the interactive roles of disturbance, land use and climate on ecosystem responders. Test hypothesis that climate-induced changes in disturbance (fire, pests) will have greater impact on future ecosystem structure and function than will the direct effects of climate change (e.g., responses to changes in temperature, moisture, snowpack). 3. Evaluate likely responses of trophic interactions to scenarios of change for climate, disturbance and land use. 4. Project how ecological states, processes and services might change under alternative scenarios of future climate, disturbance and land use, and consider influences of complex terrain. In LTER6 we will consider possible scenarios for future change in all three of the drivers in our Central Question, and we will evaluate potential impacts of these changes on ecosystem processes and services. Decades of long-term measurements and observations, in combination with the mechanistic understanding we’ve gained about our system over this time, provide an ideal basis for making future projections. We can be certain that climate, land use and disturbances will change in the future, but we cannot know with certainty what these changes will be. We have established a set of likely future scenarios for each of the drivers (Table 2.2) based on the best information available. Our objective is to use the scenarios as a template for analysis and synthesis rather than to accurately predict the future. Although 20- to 50-yr records of snowpack and winter temperatures at the Andrews Forest are closely tied to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) (r>0.70), they show little evidence of climate warming since 1950 (Jones unpublished). However, the 21st century is projected to have much faster rates of warming compared to the 20th century (IPCC 2007). The Climate Impacts Group at the University of Washington (Salathé et al. in press, Mote et al. 2005) projects warming at the rate of 0.3˚C per decade through 2050, a three-fold increase over observed warming for the region during the 20th century. Most models predict larger temperature increases in summer than in winter. Change in atmospheric airflow patterns are also expected to alter summer temperatures. The Andrews Forest currently sits on the boundary between marine and continental influence in summer; if northerly migration of the subtropical high-pressure zone were to reduce the intrusion of marine air to our site, we

8 could experience greater warming than the regional average. In any event, the Andrews Forest will likely experience an increase in summer heat events, corresponding to an increased frequency of inland temperature regimes, and greater overall variability. In winter, projections call for a possible decrease in winter temperature variability and an increase in the frequency dry days. This would enhance cold air drainage, keeping low-lying areas relatively cold. However, in areas that currently receive significant snow we may see fewer days with snow cover. Projections suggest a small increase in annual precipitation. This, in combination with northward migration of subtropical highs and mean polar jet stream, suggests that storms might impact the Andrews Forest less frequently, but with greater mean strength. With these regional projections in mind, we developed three future climate scenarios for LTER6 (Figure 2.2), based on “current climate”, “moderate change” and “rapid change”. All of these scenarios reflect potential change in regional rather than local climate. As discussed above, the impacts of regional climate change are difficult to interpret locally, especially in complex terrain. For land use scenarios, we will explore a range of forest management strategies. Presently, forest harvest on federal lands is limited by environmental restrictions to primarily thinning and reducing wildfire risk. On privately held forests in the Pacific Northwest, clearcutting with very short rotations is standard. Alternative strategies that similate disturbance regimes have been applied in adaptively managed national forest land (Cissel et al. 1999). With population growth and potential climate change, demands for water will likely further increase (NRC 2008); we will investigate a future scenario where national forests might be managed primarily for water yield. In developing future scenarios for disturbance, we restricted ourselves to changes that are likely to be associated with changing climate. For example, with a warming climate, the western United States can expect more severe, extensive wildfires (Westerling et al. 2006), but we will explore how climate warming might affect mixed-severity fire regimes characteristic of the Andrews Forest, building on recent fire reconstructions for our site and the region (Weisberg and Swanson 2003, Weisberg 2004). We also will explore how climate warming might affect insects and pathogens. Goal III: Intensify integration among the Andrews LTER science program, the social sciences, and society to encompass the coupled, adaptive natural/human system of our region (Figure 2.3.C). Objectives: 1. Define and evaluate vulnerabilities and capacities of local communities and institutions for adaptation to change imposed by environmental (e.g., climate change) and social (e.g., shifting land use patterns and regulations) forces. 2. Characterize, display and discuss alternative futures of the forest for local communities, institutions, including land managers and agencies, and the public at large to enable these groups to make more informed choices about adapting to environmental and social change. 3. Translate and communicate our knowledge of ecosystems and watersheds in the terms of ecological services, including commodities, to facilitate the adaptive processes of coupled natural/human systems. In the past two decades, the Pacific Northwest has experienced great conflict about the relationship of humans with forests, especially concerning issues related to conservation of species and old growth forests, water, and wildfire. Although some of these conflicts have calmed, many still remain. The natural/human system is now further complicated by climate and social change. For example, human population is projected to double in 50 years and immigrant “climate-change refugees” from water- deficient areas may accelerate this growth. Changing economics and land use regulations are reshaping landowner patterns, motivations, and capabilities for change. The Andrews Forest LTER program has played many important roles in informing the national public debate on these issues and has become a globally significant example of a science-based, adaptive feedback loop within coupled natural/human systems. In LTER6, responding to research challenges emerging from the ISSE and the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Carpenter et al. 2006), we will expand our LTER Central Question to consider ecological services and human behaviors in response to climate change and other drivers of change (Figure 2.3.C). By characterizing responder variables in terms of ecological services, we expect to better inform public decisions about uses of natural resources in the near-term and long-term. Using social science studies, depiction and public discussion of alternative future scenarios, and assessment of ecological services, we will study and participate in the adaptive loop that links natural and human systems. This work on the human dimension of Andrews LTER involves elements of regionalization (the

9 wildland-rural-urban gradient extends well beyond the boundaries of the Andrews Forest) and sets the stage for cross-site studies of the natural/human system under ISSE and other auspices. Note that this work will be funded largely from sources outside the programmed LTER6 budget, but we want to establish the conceptual framework for the integration of social and natural sciences in LTER6 to enhance future opportunities for linkages. 2.2. Overall approach We will employ a variety of approaches to accomplish our LTER6 goals and objectives, combining continued measurements and analyses of our long-term experiments with the collection of some key new measurements and the construction and application of models in a context that fosters multidisciplinary collaboration. In Section 2.3 we briefly describe ongoing long-term measurements for each of the three drivers and three responders of the Central Question, and explain how we will use these data to address our objectives in Goals I and II. New, interdisciplinary approaches, that build on multiple long-term datasets and require new measurements, will address additional objectives under Goals I and II. These efforts, including details about new measurements, are described in Section 2.4. Because the objectives for Goal III involve efforts that extend beyond our site boundaries and beyond our proposed LTER 6 budget, they are described in the section on regionalization and cross-site collaborations (Section 2.5). In developing goals and objectives for LTER6, we recognize a need for a quantum leap in our cyber- capacity and other infrastructure improvements. Study of the influences of complex terrain on ecological processes, for example, requires monitoring environmental conditions and ecological responses at a much higher spatial intensity and temporal frequency than we have employed in the past. We envision the Andrews Forest in the future as a Cyber-Forest, employing state-of-the art technology in sensor networks, new sensor design, and advanced approaches to data management and data analysis (Figure 4.1). We are already making significant strides in this direction. Several researchers associated with the Andrews Forest are developing new technologies for sensors and sensor networks (Ayers in press, Khanna et al. 2006, Larios et al. 2007, Le et al. 2006, Selker et al. 2006a,b, Westhoff et al. 2007) and automating quality control for continuous sensor data (Dereszynski and Dietterich 2007). The Andrews Forest is a testing ground for these new developments. Using existing technology, we are currently deploying small wireless sensor arrays and exploring new sensor capabilities, such as fiber optics cables that measure temperature over long distances at high spatial and temporal density, and we have developed the capacity to transmit data automatically from the field to our laboratories. We will extend line power to one of our small watersheds (WS 1) to facilitate more advanced sensor network development. We have designated locations to serve as “test beds” for testing and developing new Cyber-technology (see Section 2.4.3). Over the course of LTER6 we aim to install WiFi capability through some of our most intensively-used field sites, which will advance our communications capabilities for research, education and outreach. In addition, we have contracted for LiDAR imagery of the entire site to be collected in the spring of 2008. The data will be available before the beginning of LTER6, providing highly accurate digital elevation information at 1m resolution. The LiDAR dataset will be processed for additional information as part of the LTER6 research (e.g., the “Digital Forest” in Section 2.3.2, Biodiversity). Moreover, through a graduate Ecosystem Informatics IGERT program (http://ecoinformatics.oregonstate.edu) and Ecosystem Informatics Summer Institute (http://eco-informatics.engr.oregonstate.edu) (Section 5) we are developing the human capacity for our Cyber-Forest. 2.3. Continuing long-term experiments, sampling and monitoring in the Andrews LTER 2.3.1. APPROACH TO LONG-TERM STUDIES Long-term studies at the Andrews LTER are designed to understand the dynamics of ecosystems at temporal scales that exceed the length of most scientific studies. Long-term studies are essential to understand ecosystem dynamics of the forest and stream ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest, individuals of dominant species exceed 500 years in age and major disturbance events recur at 100 to 200-year intervals. Data from our long-term studies are available online to broadly encourage scientists to capitalize on this research (see Supplementary documentation, Databases). With continued collection over time, many long-term data are used to address additional questions that were not even envisioned at the beginning of the study. The histories of science discovery and management/policy impact of the LTER and predecessor programs at Andrews Forest have significantly altered management strategies. Long- term studies begun in the early 1970s of ecological functions of dead wood on land and in streams, for example, rippled through the science community and into land management and policy over succeeding

10 decades. Continued investments in these long-term studies are likely to pay dividends for our LTER science in both predictable and surprising ways long into the future. All LTER sites face the challenges of maintaining key long-term experiments, sampling, and monitoring, while being open to taking on new studies that arise from these findings or reflect developments in science. At the Andrews Forest, we estimate that 75% of our LTER budget is required to maintain long- term measurements. Thankfully, our USFS partners contribute significantly to the long-term measurement programs, but we need to work actively to maintain a balance between long-term studies and new pursuits as costs inevitably increase. We have informal guidelines to assist us in making difficult decisions about how to design and maintain our long-term studies. We 1) consolidate measurements of multiple properties together at key places, such as the integration of measurements of carbon, hydrology, nutrients, vegetation in small watersheds and reference stands; 2) expand, refine, or collapse measurement networks over time, using shorter term studies to fill in gaps in the spatial distribution of climate and hydrologic data; 3) extend the interval between sampling for some long-term experiments, such as the 200-yr decomposition study, or streamline sampling frequency to link to episodic events, such as resurvey of stream channel cross sections after large floods; 4) build on successful prior small scale projects, such as the airshed study becoming more prominent; and 5) foster the development and adaptation of new technologies (the Cyber-Forest or automated identification of arthropods) and approaches (eco-informatics techniques for identifying data outliers automatically) (Dereszynski and Dietterich 2007). 2.3.2. CONTINUING LONG-TERM STUDIES, AND THEIR APPLICATION TO LTER6 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Climate. Climate measurements began in the 1950s and continue to the present at six sites (Table 1.1, Figure 2.2). High temporal resolution measurements include temperature, precipitation, snow, streamflow, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction; real time meteorological data are available on the web (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/about/weather.cfm?topnav=16). Climate stations are distributed over an elevation gradient spanning rain and snow conditions (Figures 2.2, 2.6). As detailed below, we will use our long-term climate measurements in LTER6 to understand and model the influence of complex terrain and canopy cover on microclimate at fine spatial and temporal scales (Goal 1, objective 1) and to develop projections for future climate conditions at the local level given potential scenarios for our region (Figure 2.5, and Section 2.4.5). Continued long-term climate measurements are integral to many other objectives for Goals I and II (see Section 2.4) as well as Goal III. Climate change may alter snowpack and water resources (Franklin et al. 1992), a key ecosystem service, while human behaviors that modify forest canopy may exert “feedbacks” from the human to the ecological domain (see Section 2.5). Fundamental to our conceptual framework for LTER6 is the recognition that complex terrain exerts strong controls over the local expression of regional climate (Figure 2.5). Guided by findings from LTER5 (see Prior Results), in LTER6 we will explore climate-topography interactions across three spatial scales: the regional scale (Pacific Northwest), mesoscale (watershed) and microscale (sub-canopy) (Figure 2.4). At regional scales, the mountains of the Cascade Range and their coastal proximity affect how global changes in temperature and precipitation are expressed at the landscape scale. At the mesoscale, the anabatic and katabatic winds generated by cooling and warming of mountain slopes mediate the relationship between regional-scale and local-scale climates, but these local airflow patterns are in turn influenced by regional airflow patterns (Figures 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and Prior Results, Climate). Variations in slope, aspect and elevation exert strong influence on temperature and precipitation at both the mesoscale and the microscale (Figure 2.4, Figure 2.5). At microscales, variations in forest structure due to topographic characteristics (affecting moisture and temperature as well as soil depth and hydrologic flow paths), disturbance, and land use affect microclimates that influence both physical (e.g., snow dynamics) and biological (e.g., understory species diversity) processes. Much work from our site has already shown how the forest canopy affects microscale processes such as temperature and interception of precipitation, as well as the influence of snow on watershed hydrology at small and large scales (See Prior Results, Hydrology). To better understand topography-climate-canopy interactions at the microscale, we will combine climate data with modeling to understand surface energy balance and vegetation-snow dynamics (Goal I, objectives 1 and 2). To distinguish between vegetation regrowth and climate change, both of which may reduce snow cover, we will use both empirical and physically based modeling approaches. Building on

11 prior work comparing snow accumulation and melt at forested and open sites (Marks et al. 1998), we will examine how vegetation influences microclimate and snow dynamics during storm and melt events. We will apply a physically based snow model (SnowModel; Liston and Elder 2006) to simulate snow accumulation and ablation at a forested site compared with a nearby meadow using a grid scale of 1-m (the grain of the LiDAR-derived DEM). The model will be calibrated using measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE) from 1987 to 2007, which include both higher and lower than average snowpacks. Once calibrated, we will “remove” and “grow” the vegetation in the model and quantify the change in accumulation/ablation dynamics over the measurement period due to changes in vegetation. In addition, we will use SnowModel to project the impact of future climate scenarios (Table 2.2), on snow cover by keeping the vegetation component static and modifying the meteorological inputs. (Nolin will lead this work.) At the meso-scale, we will combine long-term climate records at low, intermediate and high elevations with spatial mapping of climate to test the hypothesis that high elevation ecosystems are more coupled to regional climate than low elevation ecosystems, which are more affected by air drainage processes (Figure 2.4) (Goal I, objectives I and 2). We will use our climate records at low, intermediate and high elevations (Figure 2.2, Figure 2.6) to reconstruct periods of temperature inversions versus normal lapse rates (see Figure 1.4), and anabatic (up-slope) versus katabatic (down-slope) winds, and identify the regional climate conditions and mechanisms that generate these conditions (e.g., Figure 1.3, 1.4, 1.5). Analyses of long-term data will help calibrate PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model; Daly et al. 2001) and improve the resolution of existing climate maps of the Andrews Forest (Figure 1.3) to a 50-m grid. Prior hydrologic modeling (e.g., Duan 1996; Perkins and Jones in press) has shown that snow distribution influences hydrology; gridded data will improve spatial resolution of distributed hydrologic models of snowmelt and runoff. Improved snow modeling efforts will allow us to understand process-level changes along gradients in elevation and to explore possible hydroclimatologic impacts under future climate scenarios (Figure 2.6). Taken as a whole, these observations and modeling activities will allow us to better quantify gradient and multi-scale processes related to climate and to distinguish between variability and trends. The predicted temperature and precipitation data will be compared with data from the Carbon and Water Exchange Study (Section 2.4.3.). We will use the discrepancies between the gridded model and measured data, along with information from the “Digital Forest” analyses (see below), to explore more deeply how canopy structure influences climate. (Daly, Jones, and Spies will lead this work.) At the regional scale, we will use gridded climate datasets (e.g., PRISM, the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis Project data) to characterize Pacific Northwest climate. We will expand analyses of regional upper-atmosphere airflow patterns on climate in the Andrews Forest (Figure 1.5) to investigate how regional climate is expressed at the meso- and micro-scale, and in particular how regional cyclonic (troughing) and anti- cyclonic (ridging) circulation patterns are correlated with the occurrence and strength of local cold air drainage events at the Andrews Forest (Prior Results). Cold air drainage is likely to play an important role in mediating the expression of future climate change at the Andrews Forest (see Sections 2.0 and 2.1). To date, however, cold air drainage has not been incorporated into downscaled general circulation model (GCM) projections of future climate. We will examine coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations from the World Climate Research Programme's Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 multi-model dataset to determine which AOGCMs best reproduce observed Pacific Northwest circulation patterns. We will use these simulations to develop downscaled future climate datasets for the Andrews Forest that incorporate the effects of cold air drainage on temperature at approximately the same scale as the PRISM extrapolations (50m or less). These datasets will be used for modeling potential system responses to future climate change (Section 2.4.5). We anticipate that cold air drainage affects many ecosystem processes. (Daly and Shafer will lead this work.) Disturbance. Our long-term analyses of disturbance include wildfire, windthrow, insects and disease, floods, and landslides (Table 1.1). Disturbance processes at the Andrews LTER interact with topographically driven snowpacks, airflows, temperature and moisture gradients. Historically, wildfire tended to concentrate old-growth forests in topographically protected NE-facing aspects, valleys, and riparian zones, both in the Oregon Cascades and Coast Range (Morrison and Swanson 1990, Impara 1997, Giglia 2004), whereas landslide and flood impacts have been concentrated on lower slopes and streams (Swanson and Dyrness 1975, Wemple et al. 2001).

12 In LTER6, long-term measurements of disturbance regimes will serve as a baseline for evaluating changes in wildfire and insect outbreaks, floods and landslides (Goal II, objective 2). We will expand our dendrochronological analyses to reconstruct fire and insect outbreaks at the Andrews LTER over the past 400 to 600 years (Figure 1.6), and contrast disturbance histories by topographic position. We will continue and update geomorphic disturbance inventories (e.g., Swanson and Dyrness 1975, Wemple et al. 2001, Faustini and Jones 2003) to examine the topographic controls on landslides and stream channel changes after major events. Using long-term reference stands and permanent vegetation plots (Figure 2.2), we will reconstruct forest stand history in various portions of the landscape and infer how topographic position has influenced disturbance frequency and severity. In LTER5 studies of forest stand dynamics (Lutz and Halpern 2006) revealed important roles of fine-scale disturbance processes in structuring young stands in two small watersheds; in LTER6, we will expand our studies of young stand structure and development to contrast responses to natural thinning vs. silvicultural thinning treatments. We will continue and expand studies of climate effects on the high-elevation forest-meadow edge, where forest encroachment of meadows appears to be in part driven by changes in drought severity, potentially reducing biological diversity through loss of habitat of meadow species (Haugo and Halpern 2007, Lang and Halpern 2007, Rice 2007). (Swanson and Spies will lead this work.) Land use. Land use changes, the third driver in the Andrews LTER Central Question, are characterized by forest harvest, planting and road construction, and some historical grazing and pre-historic burning of high-elevation meadows (relevant datasets in Table 1.1). The earliest European land use was grazing of high-elevation meadows at least some of which were maintained by Native American burning. Since 1948, forest harvest and roads have occurred in all topographic positions, providing opportunities in LTER6 to examine ecological and geomorphic responses to land use as a function of topographic position and topographic interactions with climate variability and change. Historical disturbance effects tended to concentrate old growth forest in particular topographic positions. This led to early (1950s) harvest and roads at low elevations where old growth was concentrated, and cutting and roads spread upward over subsequent decades. In LTER6, we will (1) continue to study the long-term effects of past practices including clearcutting, forest roads, and grazing, and (2) explore new forest management practices, focusing both efforts on climate change and complex terrain (Goal II, objective 2). Legacies of past landuse practices are still unfolding, and we will extract their lessons for scientific understanding of forest management in preparation for climate change and variability. For example, we will expand analyses of the history of natural openings (meadows), including historical effects of grazing, climate change, and fire (Takaoka and Swanson in review, Dailey 2007). We will examine the long-term effects of past clearcutting as they interact with climate change and topography: for example, at high elevation forest regeneration is limited by cold winter temperatures (Nesje 1996), and may be enhanced by winter warming, but at low elevation or south facing slopes, forest regeneration may be limited by summer drought, and may be sensitive to changes in summer precipitation. We will explore how the legacies of past clearcutting, i.e. young forest stands, are interacting with climate variability and disturbance using vegetation plots in 1960s- and 1970s-era clearcuts in our experimental watersheds (e.g., Lutz and Halpern 2006). We will examine two types of proposed new forest management treatments that will have science and management value. The first relate to the Blue River Management Plan (Cissel et al. 1999) which is based on the hypothesis that operating within the historic range of variability will help sustain native species, a management scheme that is very different from either the timber production era or the species-conservation-focus of the Northwest Forest Plan. Second, we anticipate designing and undertaking (in an adaptive management framework) forest manipulations, including thinning of young stands, to evaluate forest and stream ecosystem sensitivity to potential climate changes. (Spies, Johnson and Swanson will lead this work.) Hydrology. Stream gages in eight headwater basins and two larger basins within the Andrews Forest provide a long-term, distributed perspective of hydrologic responses to land use changes, seasonal dynamics and disturbances. Streamflow measurement sites are nested and arrayed by elevation (Figure 2.6) with records extending back to 1952 (Table 1.1). Soil moisture and snow depth and melt are measured at climate stations (Figure 2.2) and sampling sites near or in instrumented watersheds. In LTER5 we initiated use of V-notch weirs to more accurately measure summer low flows in streams, and sapflow measurements were made during summer months in riparian and upslope trees in two watersheds. These new measurements captured diel cycles of transpiration and their effects on

13 streamflow (Bond et al. 2002) and revealed emerging summer droughts under regenerating young forest (Perry 2007). In LTER6, we will continue all of the streamflow measurements and evaluate the sensitivity of streamflow to climate variability and climate change as a function of elevation (Goal II, objective 1). Continued analyses of paired-watershed experiments at high, intermediate, and low elevation (e.g., Jones and Post 2004, Jones 2005) will allow us to quantify contrasting effects of forest harvest in treated watersheds versus succession in old-growth and mature forest in reference watersheds, as a function of elevation and climate regime. Long-term monitoring of stream temperature has revealed effects of the forest canopy and hyporheic zone on stream temperature (Johnson and Jones 2000); in LTER6 we will expand and intensify stream temperature monitoring using fiber-optic cables in several small watersheds to identify instream upwelling zones, explore water travel times, and create spatially explicit, fine-scale stream and riparian heat budgets. As part of an integrated study of water and carbon cycles at the small watershed scale (see Section 2.4.3, below), we will expand a network of soil moisture measurements in that basin. (Jones, Bond, and Johnson will lead this work.) Carbon and nutrient dynamics. Carbon and nutrient dynamics are an important focus for research in LTER6 with long-term measurements in watersheds, permanent vegetation plots, and experiments (Table 1.1). Stream chemical fluxes have been a key research focus for the Andrews Forest since before LTER. Andrews Forest anchors the pristine atmospheric deposition end of the LTER network gradient, and contains some of the longest precipitation and stream water chemistry records on the west coast. Since 1968, proportional sampling and analysis of stream water chemistry at 3-week intervals from 6 small watersheds, with comparable precipitation collection and analyses from two climate stations, has served as the basis for watershed-scale nutrient budget studies (e.g., Martin and Harr 1988, 1989, Vanderbilt et al. 2002) (Figure 1.10). Precipitation and streamflow chemistry have been and will continue to be analyzed by an OSU laboratory that specializes in high quality, trace level analysis of nutrients and ions (http://www.ccal.oregonstate.edu). Measurement of dissolved organic carbon has been added as part of the regular chemistry profile. In LTER5, proportional stream chemistry sampling was expanded to include the two additional small watersheds (WS 1, WS 7) and 5th order Lookout Creek, and we can now analyze nutrient and carbon exports in a nested hierarchical manner from 1st order to 5th order streams. In LTER6, we will be examining the immediate as well as long-term effects of land use activities on export of stream solutes from small paired watersheds harvested as early as the 1960s and thinned as recently as 2001. We hypothesize that forest thinning will have had no effect on stream nutrient fluxes. We will compare timing, form and magnitude of high and low elevation precipitation on deposition chemistry and soil solutions to better understand the influences and differences between snow and rain on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (Goal I, objective 2). Experimental nutrient addition and hydrologic tracer studies will continue in LTER6 to further examine the abiotic and biotic influences on nutrient dynamics (Mulholland et al. in press, Haggerty et al. 2002) and as part of the Small Watershed Tracer Study (see Section 2.4.4, below). (Jones, Johnson and Lajtha will lead this work.) During LTER5, new measurements of plant biomass, species composition, fine and coarse woody detritus, and forest floor mass were added in six small watersheds at the Andrews Forest (Figure 2.2). Nutrient concentrations of live plant parts were also determined to allow calculation of macronutrient stores. We will continue these measurements through LTER6. We anticipate that live components of nutrient and carbon stores will be resampled once in all small watersheds during LTER6. Live vegetation biomass dynamics will also be remeasured during LTER6 on plots outside the small watersheds, with a priority placed on those involved in the phenology and trophic interaction study (Section 2.4.2). We will also resample a subset of plots to document changes in the dead wood pool. Preliminary analysis of live biomass changes since these plots were established indicates live biomass has decreased; these measurements will allow us to assess whether dead wood stores have increased to compensate for live losses. A series of long-term experiments on branch and root decomposition were completed during LTER5. These results and those from ongoing log decomposition experiments will be analyzed during LTER6. An ongoing fine litter decomposition experiment to examine the spatial coherence of 16 sites will be continued at least 2 years into LTER6 or until sufficient data to determine site-to-site correlations have been collected. LTER6 resources will be used to help maintain the DIRT experiments, which are primarily funded from other sources. (Harmon, O’Connell, and Lajtha will lead this work.)

14 Two analysis efforts specific to decomposition and changes in carbon stores will occur during LTER6. We will examine the degree of spatial coherence of litter decomposition across the Andrews Forest (Goal 1, objective 2). We hypothesize that decomposition rates at sites that are extremely wet or exposed to cold-air drainage will not be highly correlated to one another. As part of long-term measurements, a wealth of data on vegetation dynamics is collected across the Andrews Forest (more detail below). Related to Goal II, objective 1, we will continue to analyze long-term trends in live and dead woody biomass and NPP from these studies to test if there has been a response to climate change in the last three decades. Based on a preliminary analysis of the data, we believe there has been a small decrease in biomass (<5%), but no change in NPP. While NPP has not declined, it is likely a greater fraction has been allocated into offsetting mortality. We hypothesize that the decrease in live biomass has been offset by an increase in dead woody biomass. (Harmon will lead this work.) Biodiversity. At the Andrews Forest, we include studies of species and community dynamics in the general category of Biodiversity. Vegetation measurements, including species abundance (basal area and cover), size (diameters and heights) and frequency, have been taken within plots for woody and non- woody plants within small watersheds and reference stands throughout the site (Figure 2.2). The plots are located in key environments and allow us to examine long-term changes in physical structure, plant populations, community composition and diversity. Lepidoptera have been sampled along topographic and land use gradients. Trout and salamander populations have been quantified annually in Mack Creek for over 25 years to study population variation among years and responses to land use change. Repeated measurements of abundance and diversity of exotic plant species along roads (Parendes and Jones 2000, Sheehy 2006) have shown increases, especially at high elevations. The distribution of sub-alpine meadows, a major habitat for diverse organisms in the predominantly forested landscape, has shown marked contraction over time, and associated loss of plant, insect, and animal species (Haugo and Halpern 2007, Lang and Halpern 2007). A new continuing cross-site experiment (NutNet; Borer and Seabloom are leading this effort) will test fertilization effects on community structure in the high-elevation meadows at the Andrews Forest and other sites. Continued long-term measurements of biodiversity will play an important role in LTER6 for addressing questions relating phenology and trophic interactions, especially questions relating to the influences of complex terrain and potential impacts of climate change (Goal I, objective 3; Goal II, objective 3). Continued study of vegetation dynamics in LTER6 will help us better understand the interactions of vegetation with microclimate and cold-air drainage (Pypker et al. 2007b). We will test whether tree seedling establishment in high-elevation meadows has been correlated with periods of wetter than average conditions. We will examine how diversity of arthropods is related to diversity of understory vegetation. An individual-based model for trout population dynamics (inSTREAM; http://www.humboldt.edu/~ecomodel/instream.htm) will be used to evaluate scenarios that may have given rise to the patterns in fish populations we observe and to evaluate possible future effects of land use or climate change. (Johnson, Gregory, Spies will lead this work.) A major effort in LTER6 will be the creation of digital forest composition/structure layers (hereafter referred to as the “Digital Forest”) for the Andrews Forest (Goal I, objective 3) (Figure 2.7). Current vegetation layers for Andrews are too spatially and taxonomically coarse to study and represent the complexity introduced by topographic-climate interactions or created by past climate-disturbance interactions. These prior interactions have resulted in the juxtaposition of species that could respond with differing behaviors to a warmer or colder climate. Variation in climate in the past has lead to disturbances that created a mixture of species at a single site that are commonly associated with either low or high elevations (Urban et al. 1993). We hypothesize that this fine grained species heterogeneity will allow the forest to quickly respond if temperatures change and optimal climates of dominant species no longer exist (Goal II, objective 1). The Digital Forest will be a set of spatial models of species composition and structure. It will include tree species as well as major shrub and herb species. It will also describe the live and dead wood biomass and physical structure of forests, including tree diameters. The Digital Forest, with a grain size of one meter to about 30 m (forest structure and composition), will be created by combining remotely sensed data from LIDAR and TM imagery and other GIS layers with on the ground measurements from existing vegetation plots and additional vegetation plots that are needed to characterize undersampled portions of the Andrews Forest watershed. Digital Forest layers will be generated using multiple types of statistical models. For species and community models, we will use a multivariate imputation approach (Ohmann and Gregory 2002). For the structure models (e.g., biomass,

15 and likely diameter distributions), we will use both regression models (Lefsky et al. 1999) and imputation approaches. Models of canopy density, which will be important for our microclimate studies, will be generated using multivariate statistical models and LIDAR. (Spies will lead this work.) 2.4. Analyses, new empirical studies, and planning for short-term mechanistic experiments 2.4.1. RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSES OF INTERACTIONS OF CLIMATE, COMPLEX TERRAIN, FIRE, INSECTS, FORESTS Retrospective analysis has great potential in LTER6 to clarify how ecosystems respond to climate change and variability (Figure 2.4). In LTER6, we propose to explore the drivers and ecosystem consequences of climate change and variability (Goals I and II) using diverse long-term direct and proxy records, including measured climate and hydrology records, dendrochronology, and observations of plants and animals. The existing network of climate and streamflow stations and reference stands, combined with long-term data on climate, hydrology, nutrients, biota and diversity (Table 1.1, Figure 2.2) permit us to conduct retrospective analyses at multiple organizational levels. The analyses are structured to proceed from fluxes of matter and energy, to primary production, to primary and secondary consumers. We hypothesize that high elevation ecosystems are more coupled to regional climate compared to low elevation ecosystems, which are more affected by air drainage processes (Goal I, objective 1) (Figure 2.4). Once we have established the varying scales of climate processes (in long-term climate studies, Sec. 2.2), we will identify the sensitivity of various ecosystem processes to local versus regional climate. For example, we will test how subcanopy, soil, and stream temperatures relate to the presence/absence of temperature inversions, and whether summer low streamflows are persisting longer at high versus low elevation watersheds, potentially reflecting more rapid high-elevation warming (Goal II, objective 1). (Daly, Jones will lead this work.) We hypothesize that primary production is more closely coupled to regional climate at high compared to low elevations (Goal II, objective 1). Preliminary data indicate that high-elevation tree growth rates at or near the Andrews Forest are 1) coupled to sea-surface temperatures (hence winter temperatures), whereas low-elevation tree growth rates are coupled to regional drought indices (hence summer precipitation); 2) coupled with tree growth rates in the Coast Range, but not to tree growth rates east of the Cascade Crest (Black unpublished); and 3) sensitive indicators of past insect outbreaks (Figure 1.6). To test the interactions between forest ecosystem processes, microclimate and regional climate, we will use retrospective analysis of dendrochronology and stand age records, combined with air temperature and records of growth and mortality from reference stands with differing forest structure. We will look for interactions between climate processes at various scales (Figure 2.4) and forest growth and productivity. Using forest structure and dendrochronology records (Figure 1.6) in various landscape positions we will examine the correlations of forest disturbance and tree growth with climate indices. Analyses will use both local and regional tree ring chronologies. We hypothesize that tree species with contrasting life history strategies respond differently to the same climate forcing. To test this, we will contrast tree-ring records between subalpine (mountain hemlock, noble fir) and low elevation (Douglas-fir) species currently found at high elevations (1100-1400 m) to test whether these species show inverse responses to climate trends over time. (Jones, Black, Harmon, Shafer, and Swanson will lead this work.) Insect and bird species distributions also are sensitive to climate interactions with complex terrain; we will conduct retrospective analysis of long-term moth and climate data (Table 1.1) supplemented by other sources to test how complex terrain, climate, and climate change have affected the distribution and phenology of these organisms (Goal I, objective 3; Goal II, objective 3). Preliminary data indicate that 64 of 84 moth species that occurred consistently from 1994-2007 at the Andrews Forest were found an average of 11 days earlier in 2004-07 compared to 1994-96 (Miller unpublished). These moth species are all “June flyers”, i.e., they have overwintered as a cocoon, and emerge from diapause based on temperature cues. We will correlate the timing of these moth life history stages with cumulative degree days (Figure 2.8) using our long-term climate records; look for species co-occurrences by topographic position in the moth database (which contains over 500 species sampled over 20 years); examine how topographic heterogeneity is related to moth species richness; and look for new moth species arrivals by location (high, low elevation) and potential source area (east of the Cascades, Willamette Valley). At the regional scale, bird migrations also may be responding to climate warming. Using data for the Pacific Northwest from the Breeding Bird Survey (http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/BBS), we will test whether bird species found in the Andrews Forest have altered distributions since 1966 in the surrounding region (Oregon and Washington). (Miller, Betts, and Jones will lead this work.)

16 2.4.2. PHENOLOGY AND TROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN COMPLEX TERRAIN This integrative study is designed to evaluate the influences of microclimatic heterogeneity, associated with complex terrain, on phenology (Goal I, objective 3) and to evaluate potential trophic responses to scenarios of change in climate, disturbance and land use (Goal II, objective 3). We will focus on a simplified model trophic system involving vascular plants, terrestrial and aquatic insects, and migratory neotropical and resident birds. This work will use and extend our long-term studies of plant phenology, climate, Lepidoptera, and aquatic insects in LTER5 and earlier (Table 1.1 and Prior Results), and allow us to expand our biotic studies to include birds. The model trophic system is ideal because the phenological behaviors across trophic levels are both independent (responding to different abiotic drivers) and dependent (due to trophic interactions), potentially leading to complex system behaviors. Plant phenology is highly dependent on temperature. Hence, the spatially variable microclimate that occurs in complex terrain (Figure 2.8) results in asynchrony (low spatial coherence) of plant phenologic stages across the landscape (Figure 1.11). When this spatial variability is integrated across the entire landscape, phenologic stages become protracted (Figure 2.9). Phenologies of terrestrial arthropods also have wide spatial and temporal variation (Miller unpublished), likely in response to temperature variation across terrestrial microclimates such as cold air drainage patterns and temperature inversions. Aquatic insect emergence is also tied to temperature (Frady et al. 2007; Anderson et al. 1984), but stream temperatures are influenced by different factors than those driving air temperatures (Johnson 2004) and may be less sensitive to complex terrain. We propose to assess how microclimatic influences on timing of phenological events affect trophic interactions across the landscape. Microclimate variations between forest cover and canopy gaps affect phenology through altered heating (Frady et al. 2007) and snow dynamics (Section 2.3.2, Climate). Leaf nutritional value and palatability for herbivores varies with time since leafout. Timing of insect emergence may be key to avoiding predation by neotropical migrant birds. Bird fecundity depends on food availability at nesting periods (Both et al. 2006). Seasonal behaviors of migratory neotropical birds, and habitat and nest selection by resident species may be regulated by endogenous mechanisms, as well as by local climate (Figure 2.9) (Hagar 1992, Gwinner 1977). Phenologies of predators and prey, or producers and consumers, can become desynchronized if mobile predator species are sensitive to different phenologic cues than local prey species, affecting predation rates (Holtby 1988, Bradshaw and Holzapfel 2006). In our model trophic system (Figure 2.9), producers (plants) and first-order consumers (caterpillars, aquatic insects) have limited ranges, and microclimatic factors control their phenology. In contrast, birds, which combine an array of well-developed behaviors (personal learning, environmental cues, social information etc.) with great mobility, are adapted for finding good feeding stations in a spatially heterogeneous environment, integrating phenology of many sites. The range of microclimates with differing insect activity and availability typical of complex terrain may “buffer” birds at the Andrews Forest, in comparison to other regions where species (Durance and Ormerod 2007) and trophic interactions (Hitch and Leberg 2007; Bradshaw and Holzapfel 2006) are responding to climate change. To explore phenology and trophic interactions (Goal I, objective 3; Goal II, objective 3), we will address the following specific questions: 1. What local abiotic drivers (e.g., cumulative degree days, photoperiod) if any, determine the phenology (e.g., bud break, instar development, activity of songbirds) of the biota in our model system? 2. How is the synchrony of phenologies of these biota affected by environmental conditions varying across space and time (within and between years)? 3. What is the extent of correlation between biomass of aquatic and terrestrial food sources at a site and bird fecundity (indicated by activity or the intensity of bird song in the post breeding period)? (Betts et al. in review) Measurements. Studies of phenology and trophic dynamics will occur at five pairs of sites (asterisks in Figure 2.2) selected to represent a broad range of environmental conditions and elevations in the Andrews Forest; they build on existing long-term study plots wherever possible (vegetation studies, small watersheds, stream gages, climate stations). Each pair of sites will contain a young deciduous stand and closed, mature conifer site, to allow comparisons of land use and microclimates across elevation gradients. We will concentrate our studies in spring, to capture the arrival of migrant songbirds and the increasing activity of insects. Our ability to support new measurements with the LTER6 budget is limited, so we will condense our studies into a concise period of optimal phenological activity and information.

17 We will focus on several bird species including a neotropical migrant (Orange-crowned Warbler, Vermivora celata) and a resident bird species (Black-capped Chickadee, Poecile atricapilla). Bird activity and behavior will be observed within 10m plots at each site and songs will be used to document arrival times for the migrant species. We will also experiment with collecting digital bioacoustic data (song rates, dialects) with an automated method that uses signal detection (Dietterich unpublished). Caterpillars are a rich food for birds, so we will document their abundance and size twice each season. Researchers and volunteers will quantify caterpillars on top and underside of 800 understory leaves at each site, estimating size by category and recording taxa by family (Rodenhouse et al. 2003). Emergence of aquatic and riparian insects will be captured using four emergence traps per site (Frady et al. 2007). Malaise traps will be used to collect arthropods. Organisms in traps will be collected twice per week; numbers and biomass will be determined in the lab. Timing of bud break for Douglas-fir (overstory dominant species), and flowering for rhododendron, ocean spray, and colts foot (understory species present at all sites), will be recorded daily using photos. Herbivory on maple leaves will also be monitored from leaves collected at the end of the study period (Shaw et al. 2006, Braun et al. 2002). Diversity and density of vascular plants and trees within study sites will be documented in conjunction with long-term vegetation plot studies. Physical and climatic data collected at all sites will include air, stream and soil temperatures, precipitation, incoming radiation and cover. We will be seeking additional funds to expand the scope of measurements to add additional trophic levels including bats, amphibians, and adult arthropods. The date of first observation and date of the peak abundance or activity will be determined for birds, dominant aquatic and terrestrial insect taxa within a given year, then compared among years. These data will be assessed for correlation with the phenology, diversity and productivity of overstory and understory plants and abiotic factors, including air and stream temperature, timing and form of precipitation, and snow melt. After four years, we will begin to develop mathematical and computer simulation models to test the hypothesis that habitat selection strategies, patchiness of available prey and climate change interact to influence bird population viability. These models will allow us to test for demographic thresholds associated with rates of climate change and degrees of landscape patchiness. (Principal collaborators include Johnson, Betts, Shaw, Li, Miller, Bond, Jones, Selker, Harmon, and Spies.) This study will be closely integrated with our Schoolyard LTER6 program (see Section 5.2); the trophic interactions and phenological measurements offer an ideal opportunity to involve K-12 teachers and other volunteers. Teachers and citizen participants will be valuable field assistants for the caterpillar search and malaise trapping; in addition, they will be trained each year to also observe the presence of birds and record vegetation phenology so that they are involved in the full suite of phenological measurements and understand the theory of our trophic interaction study. 2.4.3. CARBON AND WATER CYCLE PROCESSES WITHIN IN A SMALL WATERSHED: ROLE OF COMPLEX TERRAIN Goal 1 for LTER6 is to understand how complex terrain and canopy cover moderate interactions between ecosystem drivers and responders. The extensive set of long-term measurements and rich research history of the Andrews Forest’s Watershed 1 make it an ideal place to pursue this goal. We plan a multidisciplinary collaboration to better understand the influences of complex terrain on the sensitivity of carbon and water cycle processes to environmental drivers at different scales (Goal I, objective 2). We will examine how fine-scale spatial heterogeneity coupled with multiple gravity-driven flowpaths (see Section 2.1) affect scaling of carbon and water cycle processes. We will also examine interactions between carbon and water cycle processes and will establish a foundation for future explorations of the roles of biota in mediating those interactions. For LTER6 our specific objectives are 1) to measure and/or model fluxes of carbon and water at two spatial scales – plot or stream reach and at the whole watershed, and at two time scales, daily and annual, 2) identify environmental controls and sensitivities of processes on these two scales, and 3) test the hypothesis that environmental sensitivity of carbon and water cycle processes is lower at the basin scale than at the average plot scale. A parallel objective for this project is to create a test-bed for new measurement approaches, sensors and sensor network technologies, as well as a case study for developing new telecommunications and data management and analysis tools to realize our Cyber-Forest vision for the entire site (see Section 4 and Figure 4.1). Such new technologies are particularly important for our mountainous site; we need to employ measurement approaches that capture the high temporal and spatial variability of environmental conditions and processes. The majority of work for this integrated study will be concentrated in a small watershed, WS 1 (Figure 2.2), where we have installed towers for meteorological measurements and a

18 nested sensor network (Figure 2.10). Through complementary NSF-funded projects we have been developing and testing new approaches to measure ecosystem processes on the small watershed scale (Pypker et al. 2007a, b). Before the beginning of LTER6, we will extend line power to the base of the watershed, and during LTER6 we hope to install a “WiFi Cloud” that covers most or all of this 96 ha basin. Previous work at WS 1 on carbon dynamics has shown high spatial heterogeneity of a variety of microclimate and ecosystem properties as well as evidence for multiple, connected flow paths of air and water. Despite a rather uniform canopy overstory (Moore et al. 2004), there is high spatial variability in soil properties (including respiration, seasonal moisture dynamics, C:N ratios; Kayler unpublished), composition of the understory (Lutz and Halpern 2006) and tree physiological characteristics (including leaf respiration, transpiration, growth rates; Bond unpublished). We are beginning to understand how advective fluxes of matter and energy connect disparate components of the ecosystem. Diel variations in streamflow, for example, appear to be governed by transpiration of trees near the stream (Bond et al. 2002) and transpiration of upslope vegetation affects streamflow over much longer timescales (Barnard unpublished). Carbon dioxide released through nocturnal respiration in upslope areas is transported by a deep, swift and very well-mixed stream of air to downslope positions (Figure 1.8), leading to high CO2 concentrations within the canopy airspace (to 37m) at night and at times even during the day. At night, more than 90% of ecosystem-respired CO2 may flow through the watershed advectively (Pypker et al. 2007b). Our long-term records indicate that export of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon in the stream system is low, but it is possible that large amounts of carbon are respired within the stream system and then outgassed (e.g., Mayorga et al. 2005), if so this would represent an important point of connectivity between terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling processes (Cole et al. 2007). Plot- and reach-scale measurements. High-resolution climatic and abiotic measurements are a key part of the Cyber-Forest concept and essential to this project. A combination of two instrumented towers and eight instrumented plots provide this information (Figure 2.10 provides details about sensors). The existing plots are arrayed along a ridge-to-ridge transect (Figure 2.10) and are adjacent to permanent vegetation plots. For LTER6 we will install additional plots to create a matrix that represents the WS 1 basin. The selection will be based on the 1m LiDAR DEM and a high-resolution soil map that we will develop in the first year of LTER6. Building on the “Digital Forest” analyses (see Section 2.3.2, Biodiversity), we will map vegetation type and structure, including leaf area index (LAI) on fine spatial scales. We have installed a fiber optic Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS) system (Selker et al. 2006 a, b) to continuously monitor temperature throughout the stream network to identify, from temperature changes, when and where water is flowing. For LTER6 a paired black and white DTS cable will be installed just above the stream system. Temperature differences between the cables will identify penetration of radiation through canopy gaps from, providing a way to quantify the amount of radiation reaching the stream. In addition, a “DTS net” - a novel technique that employs parallel strands of DTS through an entire cross section of the watershed – will be used to measure distributed air temperature developed during LTER5. The 2D field of air temperature patterns will lead to a better understanding of cold air drainage, and compliment measurements derived from the tall meteorological tower. Carbon fluxes: Vegetation. Annual net primary production and vegetation mortality will be calculated using measurements in the 131-plot network of vegetation sampling plots in this basin (Acker et al. 2000). A simulation model, SPA (Soil Plant Atmosphere, Williams et al. 1996) will be used to estimate carbon exchange by vegetation on daily time scales. We are experimenting with an approach that involves measurements of water use efficiency (C assimilation/H2O loss) via determination of C isotope 13 discrimination (Δ C) in combination with measurements of H2O loss from sapflow measurements; GPP is calculated as the product of water use efficiency and H2O loss. Soils. In a subset of plots we will measure instantaneous respiratory fluxes from soil and foliage at bi-monthly to monthly timesteps, and we will scale these to the plot level at an annual timestep. Stream. Whole stream metabolism will be measured across seasons (Roberts et al. 2007) to evaluate GPP and respiration. Exchange of CO2 between air and water will be explored using sensor technology newly adapted to freshwater from ocean research. Water fluxes: Precipitation. We will use the PRISM model to predict precipitation across the basin (See Section 2.3.2, Climate) and we will test the model using measurements from tipping buckets placed in open areas or above the canopy at the sensor network plots. Also, we will collaborate with Krajewski (Iowa), who is developing a network of four mobile, low-power, scanning weather radars, to generate rainfall maps with high spatial and temporal resolution. Interception. Because of high interception of

19 rainfall (Pypker et al. 2005; 2006 a,b) and snow (Storck et al. 2003) by coniferous canopies in the Andrews Forest, and the influence of vegetation on soil water content due to transpiration (Bond et al. 2002) and snowmelt (Marks et al. 1998), vegetation cover is both influenced by and strongly influences the topographic variation in soil moisture and streamflow. Canopy interception and evaporation will be estimated based on Pypker et al. (2006b) and validated using “pulse” measurements of throughfall in small plots. When snow occurs we will compare the influence of the canopy on distribution of snow with predictions generated by Nolin in the Climate studies (see Section 2.3.2, Climate). Transpiration. Transpiration will be estimated using a simple hydraulic model (Bond and Kavanagh 1999); we have previously validated the model for several trees in WS 1 (Pypker et al. in review) and we will conduct additional validation studies by measuring sapflow in other parts of the watershed. Drainage. Drainage on the plot scale will be estimated from measurements of volumetric soil water content and transpiration. Volumetric water content is continuously measured at four locations and three depths (5, 30 and 100 cm) in plots using Decagon’s ECHO5 sensors. Basin scale measurements: We will estimate basin-scale inputs and outputs of carbon and water using three independent measures: 1) “Scaling up” from plot-scale measurements (see above) to the whole watershed; 2) Direct measurements of whole-ecosystem fluxes of water and carbon in water and air out of the basin. At the stream gaging station at the mouth of WS 1, DOC, DIC, particulate C and discharge are measured. For carbon in air, we will measure nocturnal, atmospheric fluxes of respired CO2 (we have not yet verified that it will be possible to measure nocturnal ecosystem respiration on the scale of the entire basin, but our previous NSF-funded research suggests that this will be possible (Pypker et al. 2007a, b); 3) Modeled estimates of daily fluxes for the whole basin using the GTHM-MEL model (see Section 2.4.5. Potential effects of future change, below) to simulate basin-scale fluxes of both carbon and water. (Principal collaborators include Bond, Unsworth, Marshall, Pypker, Kleber, Johnson, Lajtha, Jones, Selker, Harmon, Brooks and McKane.) 2.4.4. SMALL WATERSHED TRACER STUDY: RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN COMPLEX TERRAIN Because the upper-elevation forests of the Andrews lie at the boundary between transient and seasonal snow (Figure 2.6), our watersheds may experience change in form, timing and quantity of precipitation over the next few decades. With a new multi-disciplinary study centered on an upper elevation watershed (WS 7), we will examine how this change might affect hydrology, nutrient fluxes from the terrestrial landscape to downstream waters, and vegetation, assessing the sensitivity of ecosystem processes in high elevation vs. low elevation environments to climate (Goal I, objective 2; Goal II, objective 1). We will conduct a whole-watershed tracer experiment to understand the coupling between water and nutrient fluxes and how these connections are affected by changes in forms and amount of precipitation. We will infer mechanistic controls on resource-use efficiency along nutrient flow pathways under conditions of rain vs. snow by applying tracer levels of 15N; monitoring natural variations in DHO and DOM chemistry; and tracing the pathways of water, N, and DOM through the watershed. This work builds on previous long-term analysis and short-term tracer experiments examining gravitational flowpaths in watersheds (McGuire et al. 2005, Weiler and McDonnell 2006); sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil (Yano et al. 2004); hyporheic zones (Haggerty et al. 2002, Ninneman 2005); seasonal dynamics of nutrient flows in small watersheds (Vanderbilt et al. 2002); and rain vs. snow effects on hydrology in small watersheds (Perkins and Jones in press). The tracer experiment is a focused study to identify the relative influences of vegetation, soils, hillslope flowpaths, and streams on nutrient and water flowpaths, testing hypotheses from LTER5 (Figure 1.10). Zero-tension and tension (Prenart) lysimeters will be installed at three depths stratified by hillslope position (in parallel with WS1, Section 2.4.3). Tensiometers and a groundwater well will serve as points for application and monitoring of conservative tracers to determine water and chemical residence times. We also will trace pulses of water from snowmelt and precipitation in WS7 (and WS 1, Section 2.4.3) using innovative sensors (a constant-draw wicking lysimeter and small HOBO temperature sensors attached to fine-pore metallic lysimeters) developed by Selker. Modeling watershed response to climate change will be a key part of this activity. We will explore the wealth of hydrologic and biogeochemical models that have been applied to Andrews Forest watersheds, including RHESSys (Tague and Band 2001), DHSVM (Waichler et al. 2005), Hillvi (Weiler and McDonnell 2006), NUM5 and VS2D (Dutton et al. 2005), MHMS (Perkins and Jones in press), helped by model comparisons (Vache and McDonnell 2006). GEMS and Daycent-Chem (the daily version of CENTURY

20 with a water quality submodel) also will be applied to assess results of this study. (Principal collaborators include Lajtha, Haggerty, McDonnell, Nolin, Selker, Brooks and McKane.) 2.4.5. POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF FUTURE CHANGE A critical objective of LTER6 is to integrate our knowledge from previous LTER work and current studies to evaluate how our system – considering all three drivers and all three responders of the Central Question – might react to scenarios of future climate change (Table 2.2, Section 2.1.1, and Goal II, objective 4). This task can only be achieved by using simulation models. However, it is not our intention to try to use models to predict the future. Instead, we aim to conduct "desk top" experiments with models to better understand the behavior of complex systems and to test hypotheses that cannot be approached in field experiments. Most of the models we plan to employ for this part of the study have been used in the past at our site, and some were developed at our site specifically. Details of the models we are currently planning to use are available at http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter6/model_details.pdf). During LTER6 we are particularly interested in examining the interactions among our drivers (climate, land use and disturbance), as well as the influence of multiple drivers on responders. We hypothesize that the impacts of regional climate change on our ecosystem will be strongly influenced by local topography and canopy cover and that indirect impacts of climate change, because of disturbances, will be more important than direct effects of climate (Goal II, objective 2). To examine the influence of multiple drivers on responders, we will, for example, examine how the interactions of climate change, disturbance, and land-use (as defined by our scenarios, Table 2.2) will force changes in carbon and nutrient dynamics. We will start by comparing the sensitivity of responders to single drivers and then progress to combinations of drivers. We will also examine scenarios in which the disturbance driver is dependent on climate, expecting this will lead to the largest response. Comparisons between responders will be “controlled” by using common datasets to drive models, with all future scenarios such as climate and disturbance history as well as other driving variables. For each responder examined we will contrast the mean response and the spatial and short-term temporal variability of the response under future change scenarios (i.e., treatment) relative to that of the current situation (i.e., control). When models predict the same ecosystem responders, their predictions will be compared to gain insights on uncertainty. We will examine a range of potential future responses to changes in our three system drivers using multiple scenarios (Table 2.2). The AOGCM simulations described in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC 2007) provide a basis for projecting general climatic changes in our region. Over the next 100 years these projections indicate an overall mean increase in temperature, with temperatures increasing in both summer and winter (Field et al. 2007). While mean annual precipitation may not change or increase slightly, precipitation variability will likely increase. Given projected temperature and precipitation seasonal patterns, it is also likely that the Andrews Forest will experience a longer dry season. We will use a combination of synthetic climate data and downscaled AOGCM simulations of future climate data (Section 2.3.2.) produced under one or more of the IPCC emissions scenario (Nakicenovic 2000). We will contrast these climate scenarios with two extreme cases (Table 2.2): 1) a continuation of the current climate mean and variability and 2) rapid change, a halving in the time for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report projected changes to occur. Given that interactions between topography and large-scale weather patterns influence how climate is expressed locally, we will translate these regional scale changes to a local level using PRISM-related models. Land use has important long-term influences on our system, influencing the range of options available and the system’s sensitivity to changes in climatic and disturbance regimes. At our forested site, land use regimes are driven by forest management goals and policies both of which have varied over time and space and we will explore five land-use scenarios (Table 2.2). We will capitalize on our research- management partnership (Swanson et al. 2003) and obtain spatial databases describing management plans from the Willamette National Forest. Land use and climate change scenarios interact in two important ways. First, impacts of land use on canopy cover will affect micro-climate, so we will explore how altered land use affects the local climate projections. Second, land use change is a primary source of human influence in the feedback loop from the human dimension to ecological processes (Figure 2.3.C). Although not explicitly funded in LTER6, we plan to use EnvisionAndrews, an spatial agent-based modeling system that links ecological conditions, human values and policy making to analyze future scenarios linking climate change to land use policies (Hulse et al. in review, Bolte et al. 2007; see Section 2.5) and then incorporate this feedback into subsequent modeling and projections.

21 While there are many important disturbance processes impacting our site, we will focus on fire and insect outbreaks because these are the most likely to respond to changes in climate and land use. Disturbance scenarios will contrast increased versus current frequency and severity of disturbance (Table 2.2). For example, a system with complete fire suppression (the current situation) will be contrasted with one having an increased frequency and severity of fire. While these scenarios will be defined a priori, they will nonetheless provide insights into the sensitivity of the system to changes in the disturbance regime. As described below, we will also predict the frequency and severity of these disturbances from climate and system state conditions (e.g., plant stress). This will allow us to test the hypothesis (above) that indirect impacts of climate change mediated through disturbances will be more important than direct effects of climate. We will use LANDSUM 4.0 (Keane et al. 2006) to characterize how changes in disturbance regimes under climate change might affect landscape and successional dynamics. This model is a spatial state and transition model that can simulate wildfire fire, succession, management actions and insect and disease outbreaks. This model is well suited for examining strongly differentiated scenarios, can take into account wind direction, vegetation state, complex terrain, and has been used to evaluate climate change effects in the Rocky Mountains (Keane et al. 2008). Despite being currently rare, insect outbreaks have the potential to have major impacts under a changed climate (Volney and Fleming 2000). We will parameterize the insect outbreak component of LANDSUM using principles similar to those developed by Keane et al. (2008) for spruce budworm. (This effort will be led by Kennedy and Spies.) The responder models (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter6/model_details.pdf) that we will focus our initial efforts will project changes in hydrology and nutrients (Georgia Tech Hydrological Model-Multiple Elemental Limitation Model: GTHM-MEL), carbon and tree biodiversity (LANDCARB), tree communities and structure (Lund-Potsdam-Jena Dynamic Global Vegetation Model: LPJ-DGVM), and stream communities (M & C Stream Ecosystem Model). Before use, each model will be verified against existing field observations and empirically based models (the Digital Forest). We will also incorporate new concepts on system controls and behaviors as field projects develop them during LTER6. GTHM-MEL has been recently used in WS 10 at the Andrews Forest to simulate the cycling and transport of water and nutrients (C, N, P) within hillslopes and out of small watersheds (Herbert et al. 2003, Rastetter et al. 2005). GTHM- MEL is being modified so that it can simulate responses of larger basins. (This effort will be led by McKane.) LANDCARB has been used to predict changes in carbon stores as a function of land use (Cohen et al. 1996, Wallin et al. 1996) and to examine stand to landscape scaling (Smithwick et al. 2007). It is being modified to respond to climate change and to be able to predict changes in the disturbance regime as a function of climate and current system state (e.g., fire fuel amounts) in a manner similar to Landscape Disturbance Simulator (LaDS; Wimberly 2002, Wimberly and Spies 2002). (This effort will be led by Harmon.) LPJ, a dynamic global vegetation model, is currently being used to predict responses of tree communities, related ecosystem processes, and disturbance regimes (e.g., fire) to climate change (Sitch et al. 2003). The current version is being run at a 1-km resolution for the Pacific Northwest and will be modified to run at sub-1-km scales. (This effort will be led by Shafer.) FORCLIM will be used to simulate the effects of climate change on forest structure and composition at the stand level and then scaled up to the entire Andrews Forest using the digital forest layers to initialize the simulations. This model will enable us to look at interactions of complex terrain, forest management, and climate change. (This effort will be funded separately and led by Spies.) The M & C Stream Ecosystem Model (McIntire 1983, McIntire et al. 1996) has been used at the Andrews Forest to investigate instream processes and the roles of functional groups. The riparian version of the model will be used to investigate the effects of climatically driven changes in riparian zone canopy structure on small stream process dynamics. The model will also be modified to explore the effects of increased temperatures on stream ecosystem processes, including decomposition and stream metabolism. (This effort will be led by Johnson.) 2.5. Regionalization, cross-site, and other collaborative efforts in the LTER network. 2.5.1. REGIONAL AND CROSS-SITE STUDIES OF BIOPHYSICAL PROCESSES The Andrews Forest LTER program has a strong history of study of biota and ecological and geophysical processes across the Pacific Northwest to test science concepts beyond the confines of the Andrews Forest and to explore phenomena operating at larger scales. Some studies capitalize on the regional network of research sites (e.g., Experimental Forests and Research Natural Areas) crossing the strong west-to-east environmental gradient characteristic of the region (e.g., decomposition studies by Harmon) and other studies evaluate large geographic areas (e.g., the Willamette River Basin Futures project in which the Andrews Forest has a role (Baker et al 2004)). We also continue to utilize a system of long-term

22 vegetation plots widely distributed across the region (Acker et al. 1998) and experimental watersheds arrayed north-south along the Cascade Range (Jones 2000), although due to ongoing budget cuts, funding for both programs is tenuous. In LTER6 we plan to continue observations and conduct retrospective analyses of data produced from our numerous long-term experiments and measurement programs to the degree possible (see Section 2.4.1). The Andrews Forest LTER program has been an important leader and participant in LTER Network science and development of cyber infrastructure to encourage inter-site science (Figure 2.1). We will continue this commitment in LTER6 by completing data analysis and publication for several important cross-site studies, notably LIDET (Harmon extending Parton et al. 2007), LINX II (Johnson and Gregory extending Mulholland et al. in press), hydrology (Jones extending Jones and Post 2004), which involve substantial numbers of LTER sites. New science networks are in early stages of development, such as international NutNet project (Borer and Seabloom; http://web.science.oregonstate.edu/~seabloom/nutnet) as well as collaboration between scientists at small groups of LTER sites. We will also continue to participate in the Eco-trends book project and to work at LTER-Forest Service interface to advance data harvester systems that facilitate cross-site science, especially development of ChemDB for precipitation and streamwater chemistry from experimental watersheds to complement HydroDB and ClimDB. The Long-Term Ecological Reflections program at Andrews Forest, a collaboration with humanists, mainly environmental writers and philosophers (see Section 5.0, Outreach and Education) has expanded to Bonanza and North Temperate Lakes LTER sites to promote engagement of arts and humanities at LTER sites, leading ultimately to cross-site studies in environmental humanities. We foresee extending these collaborations and additional new ones across the LTER network in the coming years. 2.5.2. INTENSIFYING CONNECTIONS WITH SOCIETY AND SOCIAL SCIENCES – REGIONALIZATION AND CROSS-SITE WORK Goal III of LTER6 is to intensify integration among the LTER ecological science program, the social sciences, and society. Humans are powerful agents in the ecological processes we study, both as responders and as drivers, but in order to understand the societal context of the Andrews Forest program we must take a broad view that extends into local communities and the region (Liu et al. 2007, Carpenter et al. 2006, Pickett et al. 2005, Swanson 2004, Lach et al. 2003). The social components of our research include the science community, local communities and institutions, natural resource policies, and management activities. This goal is critical to both the Andrews Central Question and also participation in inter-site work. We plan to focus on two questions: (1) How do vulnerabilities and capacities influence how local communities and institutions adapt to climate and social change? (2) How do social linkages among social components and participation in knowledge sharing influence the adaptive behaviors of local communities and institutions? Because none of this work is explicitly funded by the LTER budget, all of the proposed activities are based on collaborations with other organizations or groups. The parallels and potential interactions between the questions we address in the biophysical and social sciences are remarkably strong because of common interests in the vulnerabilities, resilience, and adaptability of both natural and human systems. In our biophysical studies in LTER6, we will concentrate on how anticipated changes in future drivers, especially climate change, may impact our system. Likewise, in the social context we focus on several key drivers and influences that operate at multiple scales including: climate change, policy shifts in federal forest management, population change, changes in state land-use policies, and changing status of private land ownership. This latter driver involves shifts in control of forest lands from forest companies to financial institutions, which may change owner intentions and production of ecosystem services. The local communities of interest in LTER6 studies range from the unincorporated, dispersed, low-density residential areas within 60 km to the Eugene- Springfield metropolitan area of approximately 200,000 people near the mouth of the McKenzie River 80 km downstream. Institutions influencing natural resources management and ecosystem services include federal agencies such as the Forest Service and BLM, municipalities and utility districts, and an active watershed council. However, ill-defined social networks of opinion leaders, activists, and other attentive community members may be particularly influential in shaping policy and public perception. Objective 1: Define and evaluate vulnerabilities and capacities of local communities and institutions for adaptation to change imposed by environmental (e.g., climate change) and social (e.g., shifting land use patterns and regulations) forces.

23 Based on our previous science-management-policy interactions we expect to find that social networks and research-management partnerships are critical in developing policies for forest management and future climate change. Some of our previous work has included assessment of characteristics and attitudes of members of local communities in the context of the past forest conflicts (Shindler et al. 1996). Recent work, for example, includes an assessment of the social acceptability of using historic landscape disturbance patterns to guide future forest management practices (Mallon 2006) and the evaluation by public of the roles of LTER science and scientists in policy decisions about natural resources (Lach et al. 2003). However, climate change and changes in the social context of local communities and institutions pose challenges that require a fuller understanding of social systems, especially the role of social networks and partnerships (LTER Decadal Plan 2007, Carpenter et al. 2006, Pickett et al. 2005). The work under this objective would involve interdisciplinary study of rural community dynamics taking into account Andrews Forest science and exchange of information among the local public, land manager, and science communities and institutions. This social networking will provide venues for discussion of research findings, field demonstrations of forest management anticipating climate change, model projections of alternative future landscapes, evaluations of ecological services, other types of knowledge, and the processes for exchanging it most effectively. To accomplish this work we will engage faculty leaders in Sociology, Political Science, and other departments in five colleges of OSU who have established the Sustainable Rural Communities Initiative (SRCI) with private foundation, OSU, and other State of Oregon support (http://oregonstate.edu/leadership/strategicplan/rural.html). SRCI now has several proposals in review (including a full IGERT proposal) that would develop a Long-Term Community Research (LTCR) program modeled loosely on LTER and explicitly linked with the Andrews Forest LTER Program. They also propose a program to provide “usable” climate information for water resource managers in the McKenzie River watershed. This work seeks to understand local communities, institutions, and social networks crossing them in terms of vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities to climate change and the program seeks to foster those capacities. In LTER6 we look forward to close coupling of LTER and LTCR at Andrews and other LTER sites. Objective 2: Characterize, display and discuss alternative futures of the forest for local communities, institutions, including land managers and agencies, and the public at large to enable these groups to make more informed choices about adapting to environmental and social change. We expect that exploration of alternative futures will help communities and institutions make choices, openly and adaptively. These types of analyses are needed because it is very difficult to visualize how powerful environmental and social forces will change our coupled natural and human system. By developing and discussing alternative futures for our Pacific Northwest forests with the public and land managers we can all better understand likely future scenarios, uncertainties around them, and possible, fruitful adaptive strategies. The alternative futures work will use two approaches. First, our long-standing research-management partnership involves academic and Forest Service science staff and Willamette National Forest staff, who together carry out long-term experiments, demonstration projects, and outreach with the public and policy makers (Table 5.1). In LTER6 this partnership work will take on the new dimension of addressing climate change. Our public outreach through field tours, public workshops and processes for science input to policy (Table 5.1), and other venues has been a continuing public dialog about the future of our forests and watersheds in a changing environment. We will work with the Willamette National Forest to establish demonstration sites and long-term experiments using an adaptive management approach (i.e., monitoring and adaptation) to serve as focal points for learning about ecosystem resilience to climate change. Second, we will model alternative future scenarios of forest and social landscape change using an agent- based modeling system (Bolte et al. 2007) adapted for application in the upper McKenzie River basin, including the Andrews Forest. This modeling, termed EnvisionAndrews, is a LTER5-funded pilot project nested within the Willamette Futures project for the entire Willamette River basin (Baker et al. 2004). Shifting land use patterns and vegetation dynamics are being simulated for specified changes in environmental and social forces. The resulting maps of potential future landscapes will be discussed with local communities and institutions. In these ways the Andrews Forest will serve as a critical node in the social network guiding adaptation of local human and natural systems to the changing environment. Objective 3: Translate and communicate our knowledge of ecosystems and watersheds in the terms of ecological services to facilitate the adaptive processes of a coupled natural/human system.

24 Based on our previous experience we expect that increasing the awareness of ecological services can alter societal decisions about natural resources. Services including carbon sequestration, wood production, water supply, and habitats to support biodiversity have potentially high but poorly documented value in our region. The high but unmeasured value of habitat services is clear in our region where habitat for species was protected despite the very high value of older forests for timber production. The ecosystem services question is complicated by a number of factors including the fact that tradeoffs among services are not well understood and services are scale dependent. For example, water supply and jobs from timber harvesting are local services and benefits, some aspects of provision for sustaining biodiversity may be regional, and carbon sequestration is a global matter. Therefore, the interactions of local communities with changing natural resource management and climate change occur through a complex portfolio of ecological services, over which they have quite varied influence. We plan to translate our scientific knowledge of wood growth, carbon sequestration, water supply, and provision of habitat for key species into the currency of ecological services, so we can pursue the new social dimensions of our Central Question and also collaborate within LTER (e.g., efforts initiated by Chapin and Carpenter and those that may emerge in ISSE). Locally, we will work with university and Forest Service social and political scientists and economist colleagues to do this translation. This information, along with other relevant social, economic and demographic data, will then be incorporated into a Ford family Foundation and OSU Rural Studies Program funded “Rural Community Explorer” portal through the OSU Library website. The Rural Community Explorer will allow community residents and officials, agencies and businesses, universities and philanthropic organizations to access county and community specific information. The specific information will include: (1) social, economic and ecosystem services indicators of community vitality, incorporated into a community prosperity model for each community; (2) relevant social, economic, ecosystem services and demographic profiles of each community; and, (3) related community-specific spatial/map data, relevant reports and documents, news articles, maps, and photos. The Rural Community Explorer will be linked to other related data sources. 2.5.3. COLLABORATIONS AND CROSS-SITE WORK IN THE ARTS/HUMANITIES During LTER5 we have collaborated with humanists – mainly environmental writers and philosophers – in a program called the Long-Term Ecological Reflections (see Section 5.0, Outreach and Education), and in the past year we have encouraged such collaboration at other LTER sites, especially BNZ, NTL, and HFR. During LTER6 we expect substantial progress in helping spread such collaborations across other sites and developing inter-site collaborations to examine how the senses of awe, hope, environmental ethics, and other points raised by the humanists play out in different environmental and social contexts. 2.6. Synthesis In LTER6, we will deepen our understanding of the forest and stream ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest, typified by the Andrews Forest (Figure 2.11), through continued long-term studies, some of which exceed 50 years. Strategic addition of new measurements, experiments, and modeling will increase our knowledge of key linkages and processes in order to address our Central Question. The primary synthesis theme for LTER6 is to examine how the distinctive characteristics of our site, including its mountainous topography, relatively pristine condition, and massive forest canopy, shape ecosystem processes and potential responses to variability and change in the global climate. We anticipate that our studies will contribute to development of a conceptual framework for “ecology of complex terrain”, and that this conceptual framework will guide a deeper understanding of similarities and differences in ecological processes throughout the LTER network. In addition, we will expand our program in several important ways. In particular, we have modified our Central Question to recognize that our site is part of a coupled natural/human system and we plan to intensify integration among our biophysical studies, the social sciences, and society. We have pioneered strong science/management and science/humanities connections, and we plan to continue to grow, nurture and disseminate these concepts. Our proposal outlines plans to develop much closer integration between our science program and our education program, and to create a Cyber-Forest infrastructure within the Andrews Forest landscape. Our plans for LTER6 maintain the continuity of our long-term measurement programs while steering our program to answer critical questions that are relevant today to our region, the LTER Network and the broader society.

25 3.0 SITE AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT The Andrews LTER is comprised of interdisciplinary groups of researchers from a variety of institutions and agencies. The majority of scientists are faculty at OSU, affiliated with 15 departments in five Colleges. Our immediate science community (see CVs of Senior Personnel) also includes researchers from US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, USGS Biological Resources Division, EPA Western Ecology Division, as well as from University of Oregon, Western Oregon University, University of Washington, University of Idaho, Portland State University, and Michigan Technological University. 3.1 Management Philosophy. We manage the Andrews Forest as a regional, national, and international research and educational resource in keeping with the site's designation as a LTER site, a Forest Service Experimental Forest, and a UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve. The Andrews LTER program is the highly visible focal point for a multitude of research and educational activities. The open sharing of data from ongoing and long-term studies, funded through LTER and USFS PNW, provides a platform that attracts broad interest, encourages new studies and results in leveraging of research dollars in new ways. 3.2 Decision Making within LTER. The Andrews LTER is led by an Executive Committee (Figure 3.1), which governs by consensus and seeks input from the broader Andrews Forest science community. The Executive Committee is composed of scientists from multiple disciplines and the partner institutions of OSU and PNW and includes prior LTER leaders. The Executive Committee is chaired by the lead PI (Bond) and includes the four signatory co-PIs. Also serving on the Executive Committee is the Andrews Forest Director (O’Connell) and the lead of the Andrews Information Management Team (Henshaw). During LTER 6, a rotating researcher from the list of Senior Personnel will join the Executive Committee so that newer scientists will get leadership experience. Communications are facilitated through general monthly meetings, Executive Committee discussions, small meetings of disciplinary groups such as climate committee or graduate students, tours and field visits, and semi-annual and annual large group events. Monthly meetings are open to all and cover business, including site administration, data management, communications, graduate student activities, and proposed research projects at the site; notes of these meetings are distributed and posted on the Andrews Forest Web page. Executive Committee meets quarterly or more frequently as needed. Committee members help manage the details of the overall Andrews Forest Program and share in science and education leadership as well as supervision of LTER and PNW staff (Figure 3.1). Semi- annual meetings of all senior co-PIs are convened to review progress on LTER objectives and associated research and to discuss budgets. Decisions about funding are made at multiple levels: the Executive Committee, and specifically the Signatory PIs are responsible for final budget decisions; the broader group of Executive Committee and Senior Personnel use consensus for major decisions. This management style, based on consensus and distributed leadership, has served the Andrews Forest Program well over its LTER history, and is expected to continue to be productive in the future. The Andrews LTER has several Advisory Groups (Figure 3.1). A local Partner Advisory Group facilitates communication among PIs and Deans of OSU Colleges, Station Director and Line Officers of PNW, and Forest Supervisor and Science Liaison from the Willamette National Forest. The Executive Committee meets with this group once a year to discuss common goals, new directions, funding possibilities and outreach efforts. The LTER External Advisory Committee pulls in national experts to meet with PIs once a year. These Advisors provide broad input and guidance on Andrews LTER research direction as well as financial, institutional and tactical perspectives. Current members of the committee are Jill Baron (USGS), Alan Covich (University of Georgia), Cliff Dahm (University of New Mexico) and David Mladenoff (University of Wisconsin). 3.3 Encouraging New Research and New Researchers. Many new research projects begin at the Andrews Forest because of the investment from National Science Foundation through LTER (Figure 3.2). We encourage researchers in various career stages at OSU and other institutions and agencies to capitalize on the framework of the Andrews Forest and to participate in LTER. Because of the long history of relevant research at the Andrews and because the LTER network provides a framework to link with scientists and students at other sites around the country and world, the Andrews Forest is an attractive place to conduct research. Our multiple annual events provide a variety of easy introductions to the Andrews Forest community for interested colleagues. The annual symposium is a full day event on OSU campus that features oral presentations on an emerging research theme, a group lunch and a poster session that highlights current Andrews Forest research. Graduate students are especially encouraged to

26 participate and share their study plans or findings. An annual summer field day is open to all and introduces summer researchers, students, and visitors to the site, to one another, and to the current program of work. The field day features talks in various field venues by as many of the approximately 100 participants as possible. We also meet individually with new OSU faculty and Federal researchers to encourage participation in research and education at the Andrews Forest. We highlight the long-term nature of studies that are useful in providing background or foundational information for new investigations and discuss the open availability of climatic, hydrologic and spatial data. Field tours for classes are often an introduction to research at the Andrews Forest for the instructors as well, and are successful outreach tools to local, regional or distant scientists. Providing funding to new scientists is challenging, but we encourage site use by new researchers through allocation of seed funds, REU and graduate student funding, sharing of LTER technician time, and other means. All are welcome and diversity is especially encouraged. In the past 6 years, women scientists have filled key leadership positions at the Andrews Forest, including LTER lead PI, PNW Lead Scientist, and Andrews Forest Site Director. Training of diverse students as future scientists and professors is an important function of the Andrews Forest Program and provides a multicultural perspective to the LTER science community. Former graduate students are encouraged to initiate projects at the Andrews Forest. 3.4 Institutional Relations. The Andrews Forest is administered cooperatively by the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and Willamette National Forest. Individuals from each institution have critical roles in the Andrews Program and each institution contributes significantly to research, education and maintenance of the Andrews Forest Program. LTER funds are leveraged by the collaborative partnerships. As a result, more students, technical staff and information managers are part of the program than would be possible with LTER funding alone (Figure 3.2). The Andrews Forest has positive relationships with all three institutions. During LTER5, we expanded efforts to encourage relationships among our partners. The Partner Advisory Group (see above) has helped raise the profile of Andrews Forest within the OSU and in the US Forest Service. In the spring of 2007, we completed a Memorandum of Understanding between the three partners that guides the collaborative management of the Andrews Forest (in Supplementary Documentation). Also, we have been working with OSU Foundation to broaden the support for the Andrews LTER and entire Andrews Forest Program. These efforts have led to increased awareness and interest in the Andrews Forest Programs, especially on the OSU Campus. 3.5 Change in Leadership and Participants. To succeed, an LTER program must plan for changes while maintaining continuity. Our lead PIs have generally served 6-9 yr terms and prior PIs continue to serve the Andrews LTER as part of the Executive Committee. Bond took over from Harmon in 2006. Harmon had served as PI since 1999, when he took over from Swanson. Swanson will be retiring from PNW within two years and is stepping down as a signatory co-PI for LTER6; he expects to continue to be active in research and outreach with the Andrews Forest. Tom Spies, a research forester with PNW, will be replacing Swanson as a signatory PI. Spies has a long history of research at the Andrews Forest and brings his expertise in landscape dynamics, vegetation modeling and studies of coupled natural/human systems to the Executive Committee. We are also beginning to plan for the next lead PI to follow Bond, by looking both inside and outside our current LTER group. Several promising young faculty who have recently joined OSU are being encouraged to become involved as leaders. In addition, we are watching for opportunities to recruit a senior PI from outside our group as new positions at OSU open. We will be rotating senior personnel from the grant onto the Executive Committee, so that they can be introduced into leadership position in Andrews LTER group. We expect continued seamless transitions in leadership.

27 4.0 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 4.1 Introduction. Information Management (IM) is an important and unifying theme for the Andrews LTER. The IM system seeks to provide broad data services, including high-quality, environmental and research data and metadata. This is accomplished through a long-term data repository, information- sharing infrastructure at site and LTER network levels, training and development of IM expertise, and network-level leadership. Commitment to long-term research and environmental monitoring and recognition of IM as an essential component of the LTER program underlie the strong partnership of the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW) and OSU College of Forestry (CoF), which is manifest in the support of IM personnel, computing infrastructure, and activities. This partnership enables a rich, interdisciplinary information research infrastructure and supports the long-term data repository, the Forest Science Data Bank (FSDB) (Stafford et al. 1984, 1988). The FSDB has transitioned into an integrated data production and distribution system with a growing diversity of information products (Henshaw et al. 2002). The Andrews Forest information managers have consistently provided leadership to the LTER Network and the broader IM community through consultation, presentations on system design, and ecoinformatics research, including development of a data harvester for building multi-site and multi-institutional databases (Henshaw et al. 2006). The Andrews Forest IM program has been a base for establishing educational programs in ecosystem informatics, including the local, NSF-sponsored Ecoinformatics IGERT and Ecosystem Informatics Summer Institute. The Andrews Forest Program is well-positioned to address future challenges presented by emerging technologies and other cyberinfrastructure issues. We intend to continue assuming network-level responsibilities and leadership roles as the LTER Network begins implementing its Decadal Plan. 4.2 Commitment to LTER Information Management. The IM Team for the Andrews LTER: • includes OSU and PNW staff (Figure 3.1). Currently four permanent positions are completely or largely devoted to LTER IM with several other LTER staff providing key support in related activities; • maintains a repository of quality data sets that is broadly inclusive of both long-term and short-term studies data collections from the Andrews Forest and allied sites, and also includes spatial data, a bibliography of all Andrews publications, locally developed models and software, an image and photograph library, and a document archive; • complies with the LTER review criteria for IM systems through an information system that features online LTER study databases and provides web interfaces to enhance discovery and access of comprehensive study metadata and other information products; • engages scientist and IM Team interaction in all aspects of LTER study planning and project implementation with information manager representation on the Andrews LTER Executive Committee, and PI and monthly business meetings; • participates in LTER Network-level IM activities through regular attendance at IM Committee meetings, compliance with network standards, and participation in network-level databases; • provides leadership within the Network and broader scientific community through service on the IM Executive Committee or the Network Information System Advisory Committee, leadership of ecoinformatics research efforts, and publications and presentations of relevant work at national and international conferences and training forums. 4.3 Historical Perspective. Management of scientific information for the Andrews Forest was initiated in early efforts of the USFS-PNW Watershed Project (1960’s) and the International Biological Program (1970’s) (Figure 1.1). The resulting legacy is a rich and diverse collection of long-term data and metadata (see Supplementary Documentation, Databases), and an established practice of managing data and information (Henshaw and Spycher 1999). The Andrews has played an ongoing leadership role within the LTER Network in the development of standards for documenting and managing research information (Stafford et al. 1986, Michener et al. 1994, 1997, 1998, Brunt et al. 2004) and in development of the Network Information System (Baker et al. 2000). Similarly, early PNW research established mechanisms to ensure preservation of long-term streamflow, water chemistry, and climate databases, and this experience ultimately resulted in the Andrews Forest Program taking a lead development role in the multi- site ClimDB/HydroDB data harvester and warehouse (Henshaw et al. 1998, Henshaw et al. 2006).

28 The FSDB has also evolved in response to advancing technologies from an early mainframe tape library (1980s) to a PC-based Local Area Network (1990s) to the employment of more powerful tools such as Relational Database Management Systems on high-speed database servers (2000s). Since 2000 we have designed, developed, and successfully completed transition to a new information system. The goals for this transition were to (1) improve search capability and access to spatial and tabular databases, models, publications, and the image library; (2) extend and improve metadata content to comply with the new LTER metadata standard, the Ecological Metadata Language (EML); (3) allow web users to interactively and dynamically query and retrieve databases and other web content; and (4) better integrate and manage Geographical Information System (GIS) spatial data. 4.4 Data and Information Management System. The information system includes archived study databases of the FSDB, a structured metadata database, a system for quality assurance, a management system for migrating existing data sets and capturing new or legacy databases, and a dynamic web delivery system. Metadata are developed in compliance with LTER and national standards (EML, NBII Biological Data Profile, and the FGDC spatial data standard) for all study databases. The information system allows access to study databases (including spatial data) with associated metadata and publications, and is extensible to our other information products such as the image library, analytical tools, and collections of voucher specimens. The Andrews Forest LTER maintains and updates extensive web pages (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter) describing research and activities on the site, and currently provides access to 140 study databases (Supplementary documentation, Databases) and the Andrews Forest bibliographic database. Web interfaces are used to facilitate public identification and access of information, and permit searching for products by person, theme keyword, location, or taxonomic unit. Software is employed to track general web page use and a user registration system is in place to track downloads of data sets. System development and implementation have been directed toward integration of our many research products and providing a primary source of site information for users within and outside our research community. 4.5 Integration with Site Science. The Andrews Forest LTER employs a systematic approach to IM in ecological research (Stafford 1993). This approach encourages interaction between research scientists and information managers beginning with study and database design, continuing through data capture and quality assurance, facilitating data analysis or synthesis, and concluding with data archival and web posting. This interaction is demonstrated through representation of IM on the Andrews Forest Executive Committee and regular reporting at monthly business meetings. New research proposals specify requirements for archival of data sets into FSDB and describe critical metadata elements including study title and abstract, study locations, and contact information. An administrative interface allows Andrews Forest LTER members to update personnel and contact information, and a new feature allows editing of study metadata by the data provider. Archival support and a comprehensive metadata-driven quality assurance system (Spycher et al. 1996) provide key incentives for contributions of research data. The system can generate metadata in compliance with LTER Network standards, allows publishing of data sets online, and records a history of data set use. The delivery of data in convenient formats for investigator use, dynamic preparation of value-added products, and contributions of data to network-level databases and synthesis efforts provide additional incentives to contributors. 4.6 Data Access Policy and Online Data. Our data access policy is compliant with LTER Network policy and includes a data release policy, a data use agreement, and specification of data access requirements (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/data/access.cfm?topnav=98). The goal of the Andrews Forest data release policy is to make most data available online within 2 years after collection, and most online datasets are updated annually or as needed. Certain data may be restricted with specific justification from the researcher for a limited period of time. Typically, restricted data sets are made available by direct request to the lead investigator, and ultimately, all LTER data sets will be made publicly available online. Time and staffing constraints force the IM Team to prioritize preparation of new incoming data sets and updates to existing long-term data for online placement. Criteria for prioritizing data sets for processing include (in order of decreasing priority): 1) update of critical corporate data sets integral to LTER, 2) data sets from research explicitly committed to in the current funding cycle, 3) data sets supporting work planned in LTER6, and 4) other research projects important to the Andrews Forest program. Our data catalog is online and searchable at http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/data/research.cfm?topnav=135.

29 Data access requires users to provide their name, email and general purpose for use of data, and these requirements allow tracking of data downloads within our user registration system. A history of data downloads is provided (Table 4.1). Data downloads have approximately doubled during this current 6- year funding cycle and have increased more than 10-fold from the previous funding period. Part of this increase is likely a result of incomplete tracking with only an optional access form from 1999-2002, and also due to a greater number of data sets online from 2005-2007. Ten new or legacy data sets are added online each year on average. 4.7 Computing Environment. The Andrews Forest shares production web and database servers, development servers, and backup servers with the OSU CoF. System and database administration and other services are provided through agreements with OSU CoF Computing Resources. This environment is very beneficial in that it largely frees the IM Team from the burden of system administration and security issues, provides access to state of the art equipment and software programs, enhances digital communication between the field site and campus, and accommodates the cross-institutional diversity among Andrews Forest members. The Andrews Forest Program provides system administration for the on-site local area network that is integrated with the campus network, has established wireless communication at the Andrews Forest Headquarters, and maintains a base station for radio telemetry capture of sensor array measurements. The current computing environment has allowed the FSDB to expand its LTER data resource holdings into a regional data center that includes key USFS, OSU CoF, and other campaign data, such as from Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) and Mount St. Helens. The ecosystem informatics IGERT and the summer institute (EISI) programs have also broadened the campus-wide IM perspective to address cyberinfrastructure issues, including sensor networks and quality control of high volume streaming data. 4.8 Network-level Activities. The Andrews Forest LTER program remains very active in LTER Network activities through compliance with network standards, such as the EML harvester and the central searchable database at LTER Network Office, and participation in network-level databases including personnel and the all-site LTER reference bibliography. The lead information manager (Henshaw) chaired the Network Information System Advisory Committee (NISAC) from 2003-2007 and was a member of writing teams on both the LTER Decadal Plan and the LTER Cyberinfrastructure Strategic Plan from 2005-2007. Henshaw currently represents the LTER IM Committee on the LTER Executive Board and is a member of the IMC Executive Committee. The Andrews IM Team participates in NIS research modules and leads development and implementation of the cross-site climate and hydrology harvester and data warehouse (ClimDB/HydroDB). ClimDB/HydroDB (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/climhy) currently includes meteorological and climate data from 39 LTER and USFS sites and two ILTER sites (Taiwan), and we are in the early stage of extension to include stream and precipitation chemistry data and interactive watershed maps of participating sites. In this context and several others, the Andrews Forest LTER and especially its IM program serve as an important conduit for information flow between LTER and USFS and to national and international researchers. 4.9 Future Challenges. New and planned research at the Andrews Forest presents significant cyberinfrastructure challenges that will require increased cyberinfrastructure capacity and the development of new IM approaches to accommodate developing science. We are addressing options to dramatically improve communications by increasing bandwidth between the site and the university and by establishing a wireless cloud encompassing the entire Andrews Forest. The Cyber-Forest goals of LTER6 imply large volumes of data that will require increased efficiency to support data quality and timely flow of data into FSDB (Figure 4.1). New tools for sensor network management, metadata generation, and data visualization will be needed. The demand for near real-time access to these collections will require enhancements of quality control systems (QA/QC) to provide screening of streaming data and to minimize delays in QA/QC and online posting. Solutions to these cyberinfrastructure challenges, which are shared by other LTER sites, will be explored as we acknowledge that a new way of thinking and working is needed to accommodate this new trend in sensor networks, and that information systems need to advance in step with measurements and data.

30 5.0 OUTREACH AND EDUCATION 5.1. Description of the Program. As home of iconic old-growth forest, headwaters of municipal water supplies, and a principal source of knowledge about Pacific Northwest forests and watersheds, the Andrews Forest attracts public interest and serves as a stage for many forms of outreach and education. Outreach has been a major part of the Andrews Forest program for decades. The foundation of this work is the robust stream of publications in the science literature (See the Supplementary Documentation for a complete list of publications). Also, during LTER5 we added new programs through collaborations with new education partners and colleagues in disciplines with which we had little previous contact, such as engineering, math, computer sciences, and philosophy. The Andrews Forest experiences a continuing stream of more than a thousand visitors per year from around the region and the world, and we employ a great variety of media for communications beyond the forest. Books documenting the Andrews Forest program and its history have made important steps during LTER5. Jon Luoma’s highly readable book The Hidden Forest (originally published by Henry Holt in 1999) quickly went out of print and was republished in 2006 by OSU Press (Luoma 2006). A history of the Andrews Forest and especially its community of scientists and land managers was published in 2007 by history professor Max Geier with significant input from Andrews Forest scientists. This book, Necessary Work (Geier 2007), is based on 40 recorded oral histories and a wealth of archival material (http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/gtr687/). The Andrews Forest synthesis volume for the Oxford University Press LTER Network Series is nearing completion. The theme of this book is the development of ideas about how the forest, biota, the watershed, and biogeochemical cycles function, culminating in our current understanding derived from 60 years of work at the forest. (To review the chapters see: http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/webmast/hjabook/hjabook.cfm?next=main). The Andrews Forest education program addresses the full spectrum of student and teacher audiences (Figure 5.1). The core of our Schoolyard LTER has been a collaboration with SMILE (Science and Math Investigative Learning Experiences), an OSU program targeting schools in minority (especially Native American and Hispanic) communities. Many of our K-12 activities focus on teacher training, which allows us to most efficiently reach many students. LTER scientists, graduate students, and technicians work with teachers through the Oregon Natural Resource Education Program, the SMILE program, Teachers in the Woods (based at Portland State University), and NSF’s Research Experience for Teachers. During LTER5, we started a new partnership with the local school district with programs involving elementary and junior high science students, and the Teachers in the Woods program has expanded to involve other LTER sites, including CAP, Shortgrass Steppe, Luquillo, and Jornada. Over the period of LTER5 the Andrews Forest has continued to be a destination for field trips, field courses, and tours for more than 15 colleges and universities and many other organizations. Important new, interdisciplinary endeavors, the NSF-sponsored Ecosystem Informatics (EI) IGERT (for 30 PhD students) and the EI Summer Institute for undergraduates (13 students from 12 universities in 2007, its first of 4 years), have brought together students from math, computer science, engineering, and the biophysical sciences. Much of these EI endeavors are based on the Andrews Forest place and allied with its program. For more information about our current education programs, see: http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/edu.cfm?topnav=12. Communication activities related to natural resource management and policy continue to be a hallmark of the Andrews Forest program. These efforts build on the decades-old foundation of the research- management partnership of the Andrews Forest science community and the Willamette National Forest, now called the Central Cascade Adaptive Management Partnership (http://www.reo.gov/ecoshare/ccamp/index.shtml). Andrews Forest scientists participate in the adaptive aspect of the coupled natural/human system through their continuing engagement in this research- management partnership, which is constantly developing and testing new ideas about natural resource management, and also through shorter-term processes for input to policy at state and federal levels (Table 5.1). Through the partnership researchers and land managers conduct applied studies and experiments of forest stand, watershed, and landscape management, which are focal points for many field discussions and publications for public readers (e.g., Rapp 2002, Thompson 2007) concerning the future of forest ecosystems and management in the region. The Blue River Landscape Plan and Study (Cissel et al. 1999) continues to be conducted in an adaptive management manner, with periodic updates drawing in current science. The concepts behind this project, using an understanding of historic disturbance regimes to guide future landscape management, are of wide interest in the US and Canada.

31 The Blue River project is one of a very small set of case studies using this history-based approach, so we are asked to present lessons in national and international scientific meetings such as ESA, IALE, as well as at National Forest Service meetings. Other collaborative science activities with policy and management impact include restoration of montane meadows experiencing forest encroachment, management of dead wood in terrestrial and aquatic systems, and carbon sequestration in forests (Table 5.1). We are often consulted about how this research-management partnership functions – most recently by visiting delegations of research and forestry leaders from Sweden and Tasmania. Important new programs linking the Andrews Forest with the humanities combine scholarship with outreach. The Long-Term Ecological Reflections program is a collaboration of the Andrews Forest ecosystem program with the privately-endowed Spring Creek Project in the Philosophy Department in OSU (Swanson et al. in press, http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/research/related/writers.cfm?topnav=167). Funded in part by the Forest Service, the Reflections program has brought 13 writers (as of fall 2007) into one-week residencies at the Andrews Forest and also supported two- to four-day gatherings of writers and scientists to ponder issues such as the meaning of watershed health and new metaphors for restoration of watersheds. A body of evocative and provocative writings is emerging in print (see webpage). We have begun a scholars-in-residence program for scientists and writers working on books of relevant subject matter to spend quiet, productive time at the Andrews Forest. This work in the humanities is reaching audiences we have never addressed before. As the Andrews Forest Program has aged and grown over the decades, the list of active workers, veterans, alumnae, and interested observers has also grown. We now use a twice-yearly newsletter (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/pubs/newsletter.cfm?topnav=170) to keep these folks informed about the program, and to encourage their contributions to the Andrews Forest Fund in the OSU Foundation, which supports important work not funded through other sources. Outreach to the public takes place through interactions with regional media (e.g., newspaper articles and Public Broadcasting stories); Science Finding reports of the PNW Research Station (e.g., Thompson 2007); field tours with public groups; articles in Terra the OSU research magazine); public lectures; the Lookout Old-growth trail (interpretive trail complemented by a web-based virtual field tour). Several of these public communication events have featured our long-term experiments, such as log decomposition and DIRT, which are in their third and second decades of implementation. 5.2. Future Plans. We plan to continue most of our current outreach and education programs. A major change in our program for LTER6 will be with our partner for Schoolyard LTER. While we have had a very successful partnership with the SMILE Program, we will be refocusing our Schoolyard LTER activities during LTER6 to provide greater integration of our education and research programs. During LTER6, we will collaborate with the Oregon Natural Resources Education Program (ONREP) to develop a Secondary Teacher-Researcher Partnership, and this will serve as our main Schoolyard LTER activity for the coming funding cycle. ONREP focuses entirely on natural resources (vs. SMILE which focuses on math, and physical sciences as well as biological sciences), so they are a better fit for this goal. The Teacher- Researcher Partnership will be developed in two phases. The first phase will engage secondary teachers in workshops located at Experimental Forests in the Pacific Northwest (Andrews Forest, Starkey Experimental Forest and Range, and Wind River Experimental Forest). At all three workshops, teachers will learn about studies of phenology, trophic interactions and climate, which are major foci of the proposed research for LTER6. Researchers and mentor/master teachers will be resources as teachers develop a schoolyard phenology research project to be conducted with their students. The second phase of the project will involve participants from the teacher workshops and a team of their students in LTER6 phenology field data collection at the Andrews Forest (see Section 2.4.2). We are currently developing plans to seek external funding to expand this partnership.

32 Table 1.1. Long term core measurements at the Andrews Forest LTER, grouped by the topics of the central question. Core Measurements # sites Start Specific Parameters Descriptive publication (see webpage) Data codes >10yrs year Climate Precipitation 5 1952 volume Bierlmaier & McKee 1989 MS001 Air temperature 33 1958 4 heights Bierlmaier & McKee 1989; Smith 2002 MS001, MS005 Incoming radiation 4 1972 net and PAR Bierlmaier & McKee 1989, Greenland 1997 MS001 Wind 5 1973 speed and direction Pypker et al. 2007a, b MS001, TW002 Relative humidity 6 1958 percent Bierlmaier & McKee 1989 MS001 Stream temperature 7 1958 paired stream/air temperature Johnson & Jones 2000 HT004 Soil temperature 28 1971 4 depths Rothacher et al. 1967 MS001, MS005 Disturbance Mass movements survey 1964 landslides, debris flows Swanson & Dyrness 1975; Snyder 2000 GE007, GE012 Floods 5 1978 channel cross-sections Faustini & Jones 2003 GS002 Fire survey 1979 tree rings and cores, stump scars Burke 1979; Weisburg & Swanson 2003 DF014, DF020 Landuse Harvest history survey 1952 year and stand density, GIS TP054, TP073 Roads survey 1990 year constructed, GIS Wemple et al. 1996 GI007 Hydrology Streamflow 10 1951 stage height, discharge Jones & Grant 1996; Jones 2000 HF004, HF007 Snow melt 5 1978 snowmelt, depth, and water equiv MS001, MS007 Soil moisture 4 1985 potential, fractional Rothacher et al. 1967 MS001 Transpiration 6 1999 sapflow - 10 trees per site Bond et al. 2002; Moore et al. 2004 TW003 Carbon and nutrients Water chemistry 9 1968 precip and stream, C, N, P, ions Martin & Harr 1988, 1989; Vanderbilt et al. 2002 CP002, CF002 Sediment export 10 1958 bedload, suspended sediment Grant & Wolfe 1991 HS003, HS004 Soil - DIRT experiments 1 1997 soil leachates, respiration, stores Holub et al. 2001; Lajtha et al. 2005 SP031, TN021 Wood decomposition 6 1985 mass, volume, N, P, and cations Harmon et al. 2000; Harmon et al. 1986 TD014, TD021 Root decomposition 6 1995 mass, volume, N, P, and cations Chen et al. 2001 TD017 Litter and decomposition 12 1995 inputs and mass remaining Harmon et al. 1999; Gholz et al. 2000 TL001 Streamwood 2 1985 location, decay class, movement Faustini & Jones 2003; Gregory et al. 2003 GS006 Biodiversity Unmanaged vegetation 35 1912 biomass, mortality, NPP, vascular Smithwick et al. 2002; Acker et al. 2002 TV010, TP115 Post harvest vegetation 5 1966 biomass, mort, NPP, C stores, vascular Halpern & Franklin 1989; Lutz & Halpern 2006 TP073, TP114 Vegetation phenology 3 1979 leaf out/off, flowering TV073 Exotic plants survey 1994 road presence/absence 11 spp Parendes & Jones 2000; Sheehy 2006 SA023 Arthropods 12 1994 numbers and species Parsons et al. 1991; Lattin & Miller 1996 SA015 Fish 2 1987 numbers and sizes Bisson et al. 2003; Van Sickle et al. 2004 AS006, SA001 Andrews Forest Integrative Activities Small Watersheds Climate Elemental Establish Long- Landscape Temporal Change & Budgets Term Programs Modeling Dynamics Behaviors Topography

Carbon/Nutrient WaterWater qualityElements Mortality, Carbon Dynamics Nitrogen Response to Dynamics Quality budgets Decomposition Soil biogeochemistry Cycling Climate

Aquatic Spotted Owl Invertebrate Lepidoptera Flora Phenology Biodiversity Diversity Ecology Inventory distribution Responders Hydrologic Road Intersite Subsurface Floods Hydrology Hydrology Cycles Hydrology Hydrology Flowpaths

1964 Land Use 1996 Historic Topo controls Fire History Disturbance Flood Patterns Flood Variability on fire/insects

Road/Cut Cumulative Forest Road Land Use Silviculture for

Drivers Land Use Patterns Effects Fragmentation Ecology Legacies Climate Change

Snow Monitoring Climate Variability Air Drainage Climate Change Climate Dynamics

Growth & Old Growth Vegetation Succession Species Diversity Early Succession Digital Forest Yield Characterization

Human Support Watershed Native Forest as Research-Management Community Community Humanities Foundational Foundational Dimension Management Protection Management Partnership Assessment Sustainability

Forest Service Research International Biome Program LTER1 LTER2 LTER3 LTER4 LTER5 LTER6

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Figure 1.1. Timeline of major research themes (horizontal bars), prominent topics within each theme (e.g., Water Quality within Carbon/Nutrient Dynamics theme bar), and integrative activities (integration across several themes during a grant period, such as LTER5, as a vertical time slice through the themes). Over time the level of integration has increased, weaving the individual themes into a more holistic, interdisciplinary view of ecosystem structure and function. See http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/about/site/history/HJA_Timeline_0708.pdf for more detail. Figure 1.2. Evolution of the central question for the Andrews LTER3 (1990-1996) Forest LTER since 1990, showing the drivers from outside the Natural Carbon overall system (natural disturbance, land use and climate change) disturbance and general classes of response variables or responders (carbon Land use Simulation Hydrology & nutrients, hydrology, and biodiversity). Major research Modeling integrative themes for LTER3-5 are within circles. Climate Change Biodiversity LTER6 (2008-2014)

LTER4 (1996-2002) Drivers Climate Natural Carbon, disturbance Nutrients Disturbance Land Use Landscape Land use Dynamics Hydrology

Climate Complex Terrain Change Biodiversity Hydrology Biodiversity Carbon LTER5 (2002-2008) and Responders Natural Carbon, Nutrients disturbance Temporal Nutrients Behavior, Land use Small Hydrology Ecosystem Human Watersheds Climate Biodiversity Services Dimension Change

Andrews Forest Andrews Forest Average Annual Precipitation Maximum and Minimum July Air Temperature

Figure 1.3. Precipitation and temperature are strongly influenced by complex terrain at the Andrews Forest. Orographic effects produce 50% more annual precipitation at high vs. low elevation along the southern bounding ridge, but the northern ridge, in a rain shadow, has similar precipitation to the valley. Daily maximum temperatures in July vary over 10°C with elevation, whereas nighttime minimum temperatures in July vary by only 4°C and show ponding of cooler air (pale green) in the valley, due to cold air drainage. Black dots are long-term temperature measurement sites. Temperature inversion Cool air Warm air Normal lapse rate Cool air Warm air 1600 1600 Elevation (m) Elevation (m) Elevation (A) 1200 (B) 1200

800 800

Andrews Forest Andrews Forest 15 400 400 015Distance from mouth of Andrews Forest watershed (km) 015Distance from mouth of Andrews Forest watershed (km) C)

° 12.5 10 7.5 5 2.5 0 -2.5 -5

at 1250m minus 450m elevation ( -7.5 Difference in daily minimum temperature minimum temperature), 1250m - 450m ( C) environmental lapse rate (difference in daily Dec-97 Jun-98 Dec-98 Jun-99 Dec-99 Jun-00 Dec-00 Jun-01 Dec-01 Jun-02

Figure 1.4. For much of the time, minimum temperatures at 1250m are higher than at 450m in the Andrews Forest, contrary to what would be expected from the global mean (or “normal”) lapse rate (-5.1° C over 800m, dashed line). On average (60-day running mean, pale line) temperature inversions occur in September during anti-cyclonic flow (high pressure descending dry air), and cold air drainage accumulates in the valley of the Andrews Forest (inset A). In April/May, cyclonic flow (low pressure, rising moist air) and surface heating mixes atmospheric layers more effectively (inset B). High variability in the graph indicates dynamic local atmospheric conditions.

Percent of annual precipitation associated with origin of airflow at six climate stations in the Andrews Forest

60 1018mCENMET02 (A) 485mCS2MET01 50 922mH15MET01 40 430mPRIMET01 1294mUP LM ET01 30 1273mVANM ET02

20

10 (B) Westerly flow 700mb

Percent of Annual Precipitation 0 NNWWSWS Direction of origin ofWind upper-atmosphere Direction airflows

Figure 1.5. Upper-atmosphere airflows originating from the Pacific Ocean bring winter precipitation to the Andrews Forest, but the direction of origin of these airflows influences the strength of the orographic effect (graph A). For storms originating from the W and NW, precipitation is greater at high (green bars) vs. low (grey bars) elevation (map B), but for storms originating from the SW, precipitation is lower at high (green bars) vs. low (grey bars) (C) Southerly flow 700mb elevation (map C). 70 60 50 40 30 20

Number of Trees 10 0 1200 1300 1400 150 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Establishment Date Figure 1.6. Dendrochronologic records indicate fire and insect defoliation in Andrews Forest and 1.4 vicinity. Above: Douglas-fir age distribution 1.2 showing ca. 150-yr periods (shaded) of high and low incidence of fire that may in part reflect 1.0 climate influence. Right: Tree-ring chronologies 0.8 for Douglas-fir and western hemlock, which are 0.6 host and non-host species, respectively, for the Ring-Width Index defoliator western spruce budworm. Shading 0.4 indicates major budworm outbreaks inferred 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 from criteria of growth reduction for host species Year and neutral or positive response of non-host Douglas-fir Western Hemlock trees.

6 High Elevation Old-growth LowElevation Old-growth

5 r = 0.68 4

3 * ) 2 -1

yr 8 Mid Elevation Old-growth -1 Low Elevation Old-growth 7 6 r = 0.73 (Mg ha

B 5 4 3 2 Annual NPP Annual 7 Xeric Old-growth Mesic Old-growth 6 r = 0.59 5 4 3 2 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Year

Figure 1.7. Annual net primary productivity of tree boles (NPPB) over time for six sites of varying age, elevation, and moisture regime. Panels represent comparisons within age classes. Vertical solid lines indicate high degree of spatial coherence in that year for all sites. Dotted lines indicate decreased spatial coherence in that year. Error bars are the SD of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations. 60

40

20 Height above ground (m)

0 19:0 20:00 21:00 22:00 Time (h) Figure 1.8. Nocturnal cold air drainage (i.e., "katabatic flow") at the base of an Andrews Forest small watershed (Watershed 1) is manifest as two distinct jets of air, one just above the canopy and one in the canopy trunk space. The colors in the figure indicate windspeed, ranging from nearly still air (blue) to swift (1.0 ms-1) (red). These measurements and others indicate that there is a strong "inversion cap" on the watershed that isolates the air in the drainage flow from the bulk air. As a result, the net exchange of gases between the canopy and the atmosphere in the entire 96-ha basin is nearly 100% advective at night. These conditions occur on almost all clear nights in the spring through fall.

Old Growth Section Clear Cut Section Lower reach Middle reach Upper reach Lower reach Middle reach Upper reach Young trout density Young trout density 100 100

75 75

50 50

25 25 Number in 50m reach Number in 50m reach 50m in Number 0 0 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Adult trout density Adult trout density

100 100

75 75

50 50 Number in 50m reach 25 Number in 50m reach 25

0 0 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Figure 1.9. Densities of cutthroat trout in Mack Creek at the Andrews Forest have higher correlations (more coherent) at fine spatial scales and for specific life stages (young of year versus adult) but less so between life stages or with distance between sites. However, the abiotic processes likely driving the variation are coherent between sections. 200 100 % (A) clearcutting drought 150 N output

100 N flux 50 (mg/m2/day)

0

100 90 (B) 80 70 60 stream dynamics hydrologic transport 50 soil 40 vegetation 30 20

Percent of total N 10 in system component in system 0 Apr-70 Oct-70 Apr-71 Oct-71 Apr-72 Oct-72 Apr-73 Oct-73 Apr-74 Oct-74 Apr-75 Oct-75 Apr-76 Oct-76 Apr-77 Oct-77 Apr-78 Oct-78 Apr-79 Oct-79

Figure 1.10. Efficient utilization of N along gravitational flowpaths appears to explain insensitivity of N cycling to major disturbances. (A) Total N export, 1970-1980 and (B) percent of N in fluxes within various components of a small watershed at the Andrews Forest, based on models from small watershed synthesis in LTER5. N output and dynamics were insensitive to 100% clearcutting, somewhat sensitive to drought, and very sensitive to seasonal summer/winter differences. Roughly 80% of N processing occurs in soil (in summer) and “hydrologic transport” (water flowpaths) (in winter); 10% occurs as instream processing (“stream dynamics”), although streams occupy 1% of watershed area; and only 10% occurs in vegetation (despite high biomass before cutting). N output is highest in winter, when high precipitation produces high hydrologic transport of DON in soils, hillslopes, and the stream. During summers, N is taken up in soil and vegetation and output is low.

Vine maple phenology at two sites 300 473 m 990 m

250

200

150 bud break and leaf fall leaf and break bud Number of between days

100

9 1 5 7 3 93 99 05 99 9 99 9 0 1987 198 1 1 199 1 1 2001 200 2 Year Figure 1.11. The length of the active growing season for a single species at different locations provides a metric of the biological integration of microclimate. For vine maple, a widely-occurring shrub, the active growing season varies widely from year to year and also between sites, reflecting the spatial and temporal complexity of microclimate at the Andrews Forest. There is no indication that these plants have responded to long-term climate change over the past 20 years, and there is no consistent difference in growing season with elevation. Table 2.1. Glossary of Terms.

Buffered: Decreased sensitivity (see below) of response variables to controlling variables. Cold air drainage: Winds that blow downslope in mountainous areas as a result of local, gravitational influences. Occurs when radiation of energy from the surface (e.g., top of canopy) causes surrounding air to cool, and gravity causes the denser air to sink (Simpson 1997). The process is most pronounced at night, although it also occurs on shaded slopes in daylight, and in stable atmospheric conditions, although air within the drainage flow may be turbulent Complex terrain: A region having irregular topography, such as mountains or coastlines. Complex terrain often generates local circulations, or modifies ambient synoptic weather features, to create unique local weather characteristics such as katabatic winds, anabatic clouds, and sea breezes (American Meteorological Society 2000). Coupled: Two things that are joined together (Webster’s New World College Dictionary 2004); often used in biology to describe stimulus-response relationships (e.g., Gates 2003) and in climate studies to describe land surface-atmosphere relationships. We use this term in two ways: 1) to describe the sensitivity (see below) of properties of the of the land surface to the atmosphere, and 2) to denote relationships between natural and human systems. Ecosystem Driver: A driver is any natural or human-induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an ecosystem. A driver comes from outside the system (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). Ecosystem Responders: A part of the ecosystem that could potentially respond to a driver of change. A responder is within the system (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). Sensitivity: A measure of the amount of change in a response variable relative to change in a controlling variable: i.e., the characteristics of the response function.

Table 2.2. Future scenarios to be used in simulation model experiments related to Goal II. Scenarios for the drivers will initially be examined separately and then in combination.

Climate Change Scenarios 1. Current climate scenario: Temperature and precipitation conditions similar to the past 30 years in terms of average and variability 2. Moderate change scenario: Summer mean temperature + 3˚C/century; little change in summer pre- cipitation; longer summer dry season. Winter mean temperature + 2.5˚C/century; fewer cold events; 15% change in precipitation totals, intensity over fewer events, greater inter-annual variability 3. Rapid climate change scenario. Summer mean temperature + 4.5˚C/century. Winter mean tem- perature + 2.5˚C/century. Otherwise, same as scenario 2

Land Use Scenarios (all include fire suppression) 1. Current policy of limited harvest to enhance late successional structures 2. No forest harvest 3. Forest harvest that simulates historic disturbance regime of fire in terms of interval and area 4. Intensive industrial-style management of frequent and complete harvest with rapid restocking 5. Thinning harvests of forest to reduce water demand and replace species rapidly

Disturbance Regimes 1. Current fire frequency and severity but without fire suppression 2. Increased fire frequency and severity due to longer, drier summer season 3. Increased insect outbreaks from spruce budworm, Douglas-fir bark beetle, or gypsy moth

Combined Scenarios 1. Fire frequency/severity predicted from climate change scenarios and fuel levels 2. Other combinations National/International Research Programs: Science Networks: • Detrital Input and Removal Treatments (DIRT) • LTER Network • Nutrient Network (NUTNET) • International LTER • Long-Term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team • USFS Experimental Forests & Ranges • Lotic Intersite Nitrogen Experiment (LINX) • UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme • Stream Ecological and Observational Network (STREON) • Organization of Biological Field Stations (OBFS)

Education Programs: Site/Regional Science Programs: • Ecosystem Informatics IGERT (OSU) • Vegetation Permanent Study Plots • Subsurface Biosphere IGERT (OSU) Andrews Forest • Small Watershed Network • Ecosystem Informatics Summer Science Program • Microbial Observatory Institute (undergraduate) • Schoolyard LTER (K-12) (OSU, PNW, others) • Oregon Forest Education Program Environmental Monitoring Networks: • Research Experience for Andrews Forest • USGS Stream Gages Undergraduates LTER • Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN) • Research Experience for Teachers • National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) • Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) • National Phenological Network (NPN) Human Dimension: • LTER Science-Policy Link Study Natural resource management: • Envision Andrews • Research-management partnership • Sustainable Rural Communities (Willamette National Forest) Assessment Initiative • Watershed Research Cooperative • Long-Term Ecological Reflections (Forest industry & State forests)

Figure 2.1. Examples of major elements of the larger Andrews Forest program linked with the Long-Term Ecological Research Program. This is a partial list to represent our commitment to: (1) participating and where appropriate leading intersite and regional work, (2) operating within key efforts of intersite science networks including things like providing leadership in IM in LTER/ILTER, including data harvester systems, and (3) pushing intersite work during LTER6, such as LTEReflections and human dimension programs. Acronyms: OSU: Oregon State University; PNW: Pacific Northwest Research Station; USFS: US Forest Service; UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; USGS: US Geological Survey; IGERT: NSF Integrative Graduate Education & Research Traineeship. Aerial photograph of the Andrews Forest.

Digital orthophoto of the Andrews Forest from Google Earth.

Figure 2.2. Digital elevation image of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest showing boundary and location of important study sites. Note that trophic, vegetation, climate, and stream measurements are collocated in several places. The Andrews Forest (64 km2) is part of the upper Blue River basin (175 km2) located on the western slope of the Cascade Mountain Range which is characterized by steep terrain and bouldery streams. Long-term records are maintained at meteorological stations, gauging stations, and reference forest stands. The Andrews Forest is also the repository for long-term datasets from vegetation plots and small watersheds within the region. Roughly ¾ of the Andrews Forest and Blue River is covered by unmanaged Douglas-fir and western hemlock forest ranging from 120 to over 500 years in age. The remaining area is occupied by forest plantations established mostly between 1950 and 1980. past present Drivers Climate

Disturbance Land Use

Complex Terrain Hydrology Biodiversity future Carbon and Responders Nutrients Ecosystem Human Climate, land use, disturbance scenarios Services Dimension

(A). Goal I: Complex terrain and (B). Goal II - Complex terrain moderates (C). Goal III - Shared understanding of canopy cover moderate interactions ecosystem responses to future change roles and capacities among between drivers and responders environmental scientists, social High elevation will be more sensitive than scientists and local communities and Multiple processes at micro-, meso-, and low elevation to climate change due to institutions promotes adaptive regional scales affect relationships between tighter atmospheric coupling and rain/snow management for future change. microclimate and regional climate. threshold Social networks and research-management Cold air drainage transiently decouples low Climate-induced changes in disturbance partnerships are required to develop policies elevation microclimates from regional (fire, pests) will have greater impact on for forest management for future climate climate; hence low elevation is less future ecosystem structure and function change. sensitive than high elevation to climate than will the direct effects of climate change. variability. Exploration of alternative futures helps Complex terrain will mitigate potential communities and institutions make choices, Heterogeneity and multiple flow paths of C, trophic responses to climate change, such openly and adaptively. N and water cycle processes at small scales as asynchrony in phenology. reduce sensitivity of fluxes and flows at Societal decisions about natural resource larger scales to variability in drivers. use depend on awareness of ecological services Complex terrain alters the sensitivity of trophic interactions to drivers.

Figure 2.3 Goals for the Andrews Forest LTER6 with abstracts of key ideas. Orographic effects decade Regional warming trend

Sea surface temperature variations, ENSO

year Snowmelt timing; summer drought

season Elevation gradient: rain to snow Temperature Upper atmosphere

Time scale Solar inversions airflow storm radiation Extreme regional rain-on-snow floods patterns Forest diel canopy Cold air drainage

plot hillslope small ws Lookout Ck Willamette R Pacific Northwest 10-3 10-2 100 102 104 106 microscale mesoscale regional Spatial scale (km2) Figure 2.4. In LTER6 we aim to understand and model the influence of regional, meso- and micro-scale processes on microclimate in complex terrain (Goal I) in order to project potential impacts of regional climate change on our site (Goal II). We will examine (1) how solar radiation at forest canopy and hillslope microscales produces differential heating, cooling, and cold air drainage, which in turn lead to temperature inversions and how the canopy also affects miroclimate by altering the hydrologic cycle (red solid lines); (2) coupling of Andrews Forest microclimates to mesoscale and regional climate dynamics (blue dashed lines); and (3) how regional, long-term climate trends influ- ence snowmelt timing, summer drought, snow elevation, and extreme floods (gray lines). 1600

Climate envelope under 1200 current conditions 800 Potential changes in climate-elevation 400 envelopes for 2.5 degree C warming under two -5 0 5 10 51015202530 Jan daily T, deg C Jul daily T, deg C simple assumptions 1600 Case 1: climate change is Elevation (m) Elevation uniform across elevation 1200 Case 2: upper elevations 800 are coupled to synoptic weather patterns; lower 400 elevations are less coupled due to cold air drainage 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Snow water equiv, cm Annual precipitation, cm

Figure 2.5. Complex terrain produces nonlinear gradients in current climate conditions across complex terrain (grey shading) at the Andrews Forest (Goal I). Cold air drainage produces inversions in January and July and higher variability of July temperatures at low elevation. Combined orographic and rain- shadow effects produce higher variability of precipitation (and snowpack) at high vs. low elevation. Com- plex terrain may interact with climate warming to moderate or exacerbate climate warming effects, de- pending on elevation (Goal II). A 2.5°C warming might shift climate envelopes consistently at all eleva- tions (solid outlines); however, if high elevations are strongly coupled with regional climate they may ex- perience more warming, whereas low elevations may be insensitive to regional warming because of cold air drainage (dashed outlines). 3200

Permanent snow/ice zone Crest of the Cascade Range 2800

McKenzie River 2400 Seasonal snow zone;

Sub-alpine forest and Elevation (m) meadows A 2.5 degree C warming may cause this change in 2000 elevation of the snow zone, depending on how complex terrain interacts with warming processes 1600 Mack Silver fir zone

1200 WS 6,7,8 Transient snow zone; WS 1,2,3 Lookout Douglas-fir/western Creek 800 hemlock forest WS 10,9 (Andrews Forest) 400

0 Distance from the mouth of the Andrews Forest watershed (km) 15 40

Span of gaged Span of snow Span of vegetation Meteorological station in the Andrews Forest watersheds zones zones Meteorological station near the Andrews Forest

Figure 2.6. Climate interactions with topography within the Andrews Forest (shaded area) and surrounding landforms in the high Cascades are displayed by a schematic hyposmetric curve, and captured by an array of climate stations and stream gages spanning the major rain/snow and vegetation zones. Most of the area of the Andrews Forest is in the transient snow zone with Douglas-fir and western hemlock forest. We expect climate change to affect the boundary of the transient and seasonal snow zones, associated ecotones, and rain-on-snow flooding.

TheHJA Andrews DIGITAL Digital FOREST Forest

TM Imagery

Species Composition Vegetation Spatial Plots Models

Forest Structure LIDAR

Topography

Figure 2.7. The Andrews Digital Forest will be created using spatial models of topography, forest structure, and plant species composition at minimum resolutions ranging from 1m for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to 30m for vegetation characteristics. Forest structures will include height, biomass, and canopy density. Spe- cies composition will include abundance of key tree and shrub species and plant community types. (For further information and examples, see http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lemma/) 1600 Cumulative Air Temperature at Different Elevations 485m in the Andrews Forest 430m

1200 922m

1273m

800

400 Protracted arrival of 800 cumulative degree days

Cumulative Average Daily Degree Days Daily Degree Average Cumulative in the Andrews Forest

0 1/1/2003Jan 1/31/2003Feb 3/2/2003Mar 4/1/2003Apr 5/1/2003May 5/31/2003 Jun 6/30/2003 Figure 2.8. At four climate stations across the Andrews Forest, cumulative degree days at lowest elevation site (430m) are less than from a site at a slightly higher elevation (485m) that is out of the cold air drainage. Complex terrain leads to wide availability of particular microhabitat conditions. For example, by moving between varied elevations, springtime conditions (800 cumulative average daily degree days) occur between April 23 and June 15.

A. Bird nesting period B.

Aquatic Insect Emergence

Caterpillar Emergence

Vegetation Bud Break

Apr May Jun Jul Apr May Jun Jul

Within a site Current theoretical Across the landscape frequency distribution Potential shifts due to climate change

Figure 2.9. Potential spring phenology of key trophic levels within a site (A) and across a landscape with complex topography (B). Arrival of migratory birds is controlled by factors outside of our system and may shift from year to year independently from the life cycles of resident prey. Caterpillar phenology is linked to vegetation bud break, which is influenced by microclimatic conditions. With climate change, desynchronized trophic interactions and reduced food availability for birds could occur at a site (A) due to earlier emergence of caterpillars, but across a complex landscape (B), a mobile predator could still find caterpillar prey. Stream Sensors Existing continuous measurement plots Streamflow: V-notch weir Soil moisture, soil temperature, air temp./rel. Temperature: Recorded at gage station hum. and sap flow (seasonal) measured Chemistry: DIC, DOC, pH, DO, turbidity continuously. Soil respiration and chemistry and plant physiological properties measured periodically. Plots located adjacent to permanent vegetation Lower Met Tower Continuous CO2 profile, pressure, precipitation 37 m

28 m Car w bon irflo flow nal a Noctur

St

r e

a

Gas Intake m

12m f RH/Temp l o 2D Wind w Additional continuous 3D Wind measurement plots Radiometer New plots will be strategically located to PAR represent the basin following LiDAR Upper Met reconnaissance. Tower Figure 2.10. Existing and planned sensor deployment and measurements in Andrews Forest Watershed 1 that will be used to support the integrated carbon and water cycle studies. Not shown in this image is an array of 131 permanent sampling plots that will be used to measure carbon dynamics of vegetation; all of the continuous measurement plots are co-located with permanent sampling plots. Watershed 1 covers 96ha and ranges from 450 to 1000m elevation.

Figure 2.11. The Andrews Forest (in foreground, 400 to 1600m elevation) located in the western Cascade Range and about 40km west of the crest of the High Cascades. Dark green vegetation is mature and old-growth coniferous forest, light green is young stands in former clearcuts. Andrews Forest LTER Leadership Advisory Groups

Partner Institution Executive Committee Advisory Group OSU Deans, PNW & USFS Senior Personnel LTER Lead PI PNW CoPIs Bond (OSU) OSU CoPIs Johnson, Spies Harmon, Jones Signatory LTER External Advisory Committee PIs Baron, Covich, Andrews Forest Information Dahm, Mladenoff Site Director Management Lead O’Connell (OSU) Henshaw (PNW)

LTER Program Other CoPIs Coordinator Senior Personnel DiGregorio (OSU) 48

Facilities Information Graduate Students Technical Staff Management Staff Management Staff 35 (avg/year) PNW: 2 LTER:2 PNW:3 LTER: 0 PNW: 2 LTER: 2

Figure 3.1. Organizational structure of the administration, leadership, and staffing of the Andrews Forest LTER Program. Oregon State University and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW) personnel play various roles throughout the leadership organization. Connecting lines do not necessarily denote supervision, but rather oversight, advice, and other forms of cooperative effort. Graduate student numbers are shown as the average number per year supported by LTER and LTER-related funding.

$4,000,000 Non-LTER grants and contracts $3,000,000

$2,000,000 PNW Forest

Dollars Service $1,000,000

$0 LTER Funding 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year

Figure 3.2. Direct support from NSF for the Andrews Forest LTER program is currently leveraged nearly five-fold by funding for research and education from other sources. Increased funding in 2004 was due to the NSF-funded IGERT in Ecosystem Informatics, which is tightly linked with the Andrews Program. Other major funding sources include USDA Cooperative State Research and Extension, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Bureau of Land Management. This figure includes only financial support and does not reflect the considerable contributions that our program enjoys from its many partnerships (see Figure 2.1).

Table 4.1. The number of online LTER databases and documented downloads of data tables by research study area is increasing. Data downloads include both local investigator and public downloads, but exclude all web maintenance downloads by the IM Team. A data registration system automatically records data downloads beginning in 2002. The earlier optional registration form, used solely from 1999- 2001 and in part from 2002-2004, likely underestimates the actual number of downloads. Data downloads of Andrews data through network-based modules such as ClimDB/HydroDB not included. Research Study Online Databases Data Downloads Area 2005 2007 1999-2001 2002-2004 2005-2007 Climate 5 7 70 500 1450 Biota/diversity 40 44 90 615 970 Nutrients/detritus 43 51 95 580 955 Hydrology 12 15 110 325 725 Disturbance 14 16 20 140 270 Landuse 4 7 15 35 250 Total 120 140 400 2195 4620

Figure 4.1. The current and planned cyberinfrastructure to support the Andrews Cyber Forest. Field measurements consist of both manual collections and sensor networks using both VHF radios at a licensed frequency of 151.65 MHz and modern 900 MHz spread spectrum wireless modems. A wireless cloud blanketing the Andrews Forest is envisioned allowing transmission of sensor network data and internet access throughout the mountainous topography. The current T1 line communication from site to institution could be upgraded to T3 or Gigabit speed. Current data preparation methods will begin to be replaced by near real-time processing of streaming sensor data. New applications will provide QA/QC and dynamic generation of metadata to allow direct posting of data into the data repository and into network-level databases and data harvesters reducing collection-to-web posting time. Table 5.1. Examples of input to natural resources policy and management through short-term consultations and panel membership. Together with continuing partnership with land mangers, this amounts to participation in the adaptive dimensions of the coupled human-natural system.

Year Activity Participant(s) 2002 NAS/NRC Committee on Riparian Functions/Management (member) Gregory Committee member, Oregon Dept Forestry re: riparian management Johnson and water quality (2002-2007) 2003 Oregon DEQ Stream Temperature Advisory Committee Johnson 2005 Interagency Blue Green Algae taskforce Johnson Briefing for Oregon Department of Forestry, Committee on Harmon Sustainability Indicators 2006 NAS/NRC Committee on Forestry Effects on Water Supply Jones (member) Science Advisory Team members for western Oregon BLM plan Spies, Swanson revision 2007 Consultation with Oregon Dept Forestry re: Federal forest Swanson management Consultation with Oregon Dept Forestry re: carbon management Harmon Evaluation letter to California Air Quality Board re: forest carbon Harmon accounting protocols

Educational Level K-6 Middle school High School Undergrad. Graduate

PhD & MS students Partnership with McKenzie River School District REU and Site REU research

Environmental GIS Day Canopy Connections EcoInformatics IGERT Leadership Prog. Students EcoInformatics Summer Institute

Inner City Youth Field Courses or Tours for high school, undergrad. & grad students Institute

Schoolyard LTER: Audience Oregon Natural Resources Education Program, SMILE

Research Experience for Teachers

Teachers Northwest Center for Teachers in the Woods Sustainable Resources = NSF Funded

Figure 5.1. Andrews Forest education activities reach a spectrum of teacher and student audiences. The width of each box is representative of the audience that each activity reaches. SECTION 6. LITERATURE CITED. ANDREWS FOREST LTER

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SUMMARY YEAR 1 PROPOSAL BUDGET FOR NSF USE ONLY ORGANIZATION PROPOSAL NO. DURATION (months) Oregon State University Proposed Granted PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / PROJECT DIRECTOR AWARD NO. Barbara J Bond A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PI’s, Faculty and Other Senior Associates NSF Funded Funds Funds Person-months Requested By granted by NSF (List each separately with title, A.7. show number in brackets) CAL ACAD SUMR proposer (if different) 1. Barbara J Bond - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 $$0 2. Mark E Harmon - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 3. Sherri L Johnson - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 4. Julia A Jones - none 0.00 0.00 1.00 8,073 5. Thomas A Spies - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 6. ( 0 ) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET JUSTIFICATION PAGE) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 7. ( 5 ) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1 - 6) 0.00 0.00 1.00 8,073 B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS) 1. ( 0 ) POST DOCTORAL SCHOLARS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 2. ( 15 ) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.) 72.00 0.00 0.00 287,113 3. ( 2 ) GRADUATE STUDENTS 23,150 4. ( 0 ) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS 0 5. ( 0 ) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY) 0 6. ( 10 ) OTHER 37,596 TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B) 355,932 C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS) 186,894 TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C) 542,826 D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)

TOTAL EQUIPMENT 0 E. TRAVEL 1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS) 41,013 2. FOREIGN 0

F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS 1. STIPENDS $ 0 2. TRAVEL 0 3. SUBSISTENCE 0 4. OTHER 0 TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS ( 0 ) TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS 0 G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS 1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES 100,168 2. PUBLICATION COSTS/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION 4,000 3. CONSULTANT SERVICES 0 4. COMPUTER SERVICES 9,700 5. SUBAWARDS 0 6. OTHER 12,055 TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS 125,923 H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G) 709,762 I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)(SPECIFY RATE AND BASE) Base of Off-Campus direct (Rate: 26.0000, Base: 455975) (Cont. on Comments Page) TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) 230,238 J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I) 940,000 K. RESIDUAL FUNDS 0 L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K) $ 940,000 $ M. COST SHARING PROPOSED LEVEL $0 AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT $ fm1030rs-07 PI/PD NAME FOR NSF USE ONLY Barbara J Bond INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION ORG. REP. NAME* Date Checked Date Of Rate Sheet Initials - ORG

1 *ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES REQUIRED FOR REVISED BUDGET SUMMARY YEAR 2 PROPOSAL BUDGET FOR NSF USE ONLY ORGANIZATION PROPOSAL NO. DURATION (months) Oregon State University Proposed Granted PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / PROJECT DIRECTOR AWARD NO. Barbara J Bond A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PI’s, Faculty and Other Senior Associates NSF Funded Funds Funds Person-months Requested By granted by NSF (List each separately with title, A.7. show number in brackets) CAL ACAD SUMR proposer (if different) 1. Barbara J Bond - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 $$0 2. Mark E Harmon - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 3. Sherri L Johnson - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 4. Julia A Jones - none 0.00 0.00 1.00 8,517 5. Thomas A Spies - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 6. ( 0 ) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET JUSTIFICATION PAGE) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 7. ( 5 ) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1 - 6) 0.00 0.00 1.00 8,517 B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS) 1. ( 0 ) POST DOCTORAL SCHOLARS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 2. ( 15 ) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.) 62.40 0.00 0.00 273,890 3. ( 3 ) GRADUATE STUDENTS 48,763 4. ( 0 ) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS 0 5. ( 0 ) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY) 0 6. ( 3 ) OTHER 35,542 TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B) 366,712 C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS) 175,851 TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C) 542,563 D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)

TOTAL EQUIPMENT 0 E. TRAVEL 1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS) 37,406 2. FOREIGN 0

F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS 1. STIPENDS $ 0 2. TRAVEL 0 3. SUBSISTENCE 0 4. OTHER 0 TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS ( 0 ) TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS 0 G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS 1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES 90,281 2. PUBLICATION COSTS/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION 500 3. CONSULTANT SERVICES 0 4. COMPUTER SERVICES 15,300 5. SUBAWARDS 0 6. OTHER 25,316 TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS 131,397 H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G) 711,366 I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)(SPECIFY RATE AND BASE) Base of Off-Campus direct cost (Rate: 26.0000, Base: 437236) (Cont. on Comments Page) TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) 228,634 J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I) 940,000 K. RESIDUAL FUNDS 0 L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K) $ 940,000 $ M. COST SHARING PROPOSED LEVEL $0 AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT $ fm1030rs-07 PI/PD NAME FOR NSF USE ONLY Barbara J Bond INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION ORG. REP. NAME* Date Checked Date Of Rate Sheet Initials - ORG

2 *ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES REQUIRED FOR REVISED BUDGET SUMMARY YEAR 3 PROPOSAL BUDGET FOR NSF USE ONLY ORGANIZATION PROPOSAL NO. DURATION (months) Oregon State University Proposed Granted PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / PROJECT DIRECTOR AWARD NO. Barbara J Bond A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PI’s, Faculty and Other Senior Associates NSF Funded Funds Funds Person-months Requested By granted by NSF (List each separately with title, A.7. show number in brackets) CAL ACAD SUMR proposer (if different) 1. Barbara J Bond - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 $$0 2. Mark E Harmon - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 3. Sherri L Johnson - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 4. Julia A Jones - none 0.00 0.00 1.00 8,985 5. Thomas A Spies - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 6. ( 0 ) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET JUSTIFICATION PAGE) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 7. ( 5 ) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1 - 6) 0.00 0.00 1.00 8,985 B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS) 1. ( 0 ) POST DOCTORAL SCHOLARS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 2. ( 14 ) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.) 55.00 0.00 0.00 255,199 3. ( 3 ) GRADUATE STUDENTS 51,363 4. ( 0 ) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS 0 5. ( 0 ) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY) 0 6. ( 3 ) OTHER 51,745 TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B) 367,292 C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS) 172,838 TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C) 540,130 D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)

TOTAL EQUIPMENT 0 E. TRAVEL 1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS) 39,549 2. FOREIGN 0

F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS 1. STIPENDS $ 0 2. TRAVEL 0 3. SUBSISTENCE 0 4. OTHER 0 TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS ( 0 ) TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS 0 G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS 1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES 92,732 2. PUBLICATION COSTS/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION 500 3. CONSULTANT SERVICES 0 4. COMPUTER SERVICES 16,000 5. SUBAWARDS 0 6. OTHER 26,581 TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS 135,813 H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G) 715,492 I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)(SPECIFY RATE AND BASE) Base of Off-Campus direct cost (Rate: 26.0000, Base: 464218) (Cont. on Comments Page) TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) 224,508 J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I) 940,000 K. RESIDUAL FUNDS 0 L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K) $ 940,000 $ M. COST SHARING PROPOSED LEVEL $0 AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT $ fm1030rs-07 PI/PD NAME FOR NSF USE ONLY Barbara J Bond INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION ORG. REP. NAME* Date Checked Date Of Rate Sheet Initials - ORG

3 *ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES REQUIRED FOR REVISED BUDGET SUMMARY YEAR 4 PROPOSAL BUDGET FOR NSF USE ONLY ORGANIZATION PROPOSAL NO. DURATION (months) Oregon State University Proposed Granted PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / PROJECT DIRECTOR AWARD NO. Barbara J Bond A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PI’s, Faculty and Other Senior Associates NSF Funded Funds Funds Person-months Requested By granted by NSF (List each separately with title, A.7. show number in brackets) CAL ACAD SUMR proposer (if different) 1. Barbara J Bond - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 $$0 2. Mark E Harmon - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 3. Sherri L Johnson - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 4. Julia A Jones - none 0.00 0.00 1.00 9,480 5. Thomas A Spies - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 6. ( 0 ) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET JUSTIFICATION PAGE) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 7. ( 5 ) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1 - 6) 0.00 0.00 1.00 9,480 B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS) 1. ( 0 ) POST DOCTORAL SCHOLARS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 2. ( 14 ) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.) 53.60 0.00 0.00 263,554 3. ( 3 ) GRADUATE STUDENTS 74,583 4. ( 0 ) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS 0 5. ( 0 ) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY) 0 6. ( 3 ) OTHER 38,529 TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B) 386,146 C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS) 176,799 TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C) 562,945 D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)

TOTAL EQUIPMENT 0 E. TRAVEL 1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS) 40,364 2. FOREIGN 0

F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS 1. STIPENDS $ 0 2. TRAVEL 0 3. SUBSISTENCE 0 4. OTHER 0 TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS ( 0 ) TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS 0 G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS 1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES 60,188 2. PUBLICATION COSTS/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION 500 3. CONSULTANT SERVICES 0 4. COMPUTER SERVICES 17,000 5. SUBAWARDS 0 6. OTHER 39,531 TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS 117,219 H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G) 720,528 I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)(SPECIFY RATE AND BASE) Base of Off-Campus direct cost (Rate: 26.0000, Base: 471105) (Cont. on Comments Page) TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) 219,472 J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I) 940,000 K. RESIDUAL FUNDS 0 L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K) $ 940,000 $ M. COST SHARING PROPOSED LEVEL $0 AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT $ fm1030rs-07 PI/PD NAME FOR NSF USE ONLY Barbara J Bond INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION ORG. REP. NAME* Date Checked Date Of Rate Sheet Initials - ORG

4 *ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES REQUIRED FOR REVISED BUDGET SUMMARY YEAR 5 PROPOSAL BUDGET FOR NSF USE ONLY ORGANIZATION PROPOSAL NO. DURATION (months) Oregon State University Proposed Granted PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / PROJECT DIRECTOR AWARD NO. Barbara J Bond A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PI’s, Faculty and Other Senior Associates NSF Funded Funds Funds Person-months Requested By granted by NSF (List each separately with title, A.7. show number in brackets) CAL ACAD SUMR proposer (if different) 1. Barbara J Bond - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 $$0 2. Mark E Harmon - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 3. Sherri L Johnson - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 4. Julia A Jones - none 0.00 0.00 1.00 9,913 5. Thomas A Spies - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 6. ( 0 ) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET JUSTIFICATION PAGE) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 7. ( 5 ) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1 - 6) 0.00 0.00 1.00 9,913 B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS) 1. ( 0 ) POST DOCTORAL SCHOLARS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 2. ( 12 ) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.) 53.30 0.00 0.00 275,750 3. ( 2 ) GRADUATE STUDENTS 56,999 4. ( 0 ) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS 0 5. ( 0 ) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY) 0 6. ( 3 ) OTHER 39,609 TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B) 382,271 C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS) 187,056 TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C) 569,327 D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)

TOTAL EQUIPMENT 0 E. TRAVEL 1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS) 40,853 2. FOREIGN 0

F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS 1. STIPENDS $ 0 2. TRAVEL 0 3. SUBSISTENCE 0 4. OTHER 0 TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS ( 0 ) TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS 0 G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS 1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES 63,035 2. PUBLICATION COSTS/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION 500 3. CONSULTANT SERVICES 0 4. COMPUTER SERVICES 18,500 5. SUBAWARDS 0 6. OTHER 29,306 TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS 111,341 H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G) 721,521 I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)(SPECIFY RATE AND BASE) Base of Off-Campus direct cost (Rate: 26.0000, Base: 501575) (Cont. on Comments Page) TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) 218,479 J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I) 940,000 K. RESIDUAL FUNDS 0 L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K) $ 940,000 $ M. COST SHARING PROPOSED LEVEL $0 AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT $ fm1030rs-07 PI/PD NAME FOR NSF USE ONLY Barbara J Bond INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION ORG. REP. NAME* Date Checked Date Of Rate Sheet Initials - ORG

5 *ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES REQUIRED FOR REVISED BUDGET SUMMARY YEAR 6 PROPOSAL BUDGET FOR NSF USE ONLY ORGANIZATION PROPOSAL NO. DURATION (months) Oregon State University Proposed Granted PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / PROJECT DIRECTOR AWARD NO. Barbara J Bond A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PI’s, Faculty and Other Senior Associates NSF Funded Funds Funds Person-months Requested By granted by NSF (List each separately with title, A.7. show number in brackets) CAL ACAD SUMR proposer (if different) 1. Barbara J Bond - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 $$0 2. Mark E Harmon - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 3. Sherri L Johnson - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 4. Julia A Jones - none 0.00 0.00 1.00 9,913 5. Thomas A Spies - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 6. ( 0 ) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET JUSTIFICATION PAGE) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 7. ( 5 ) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1 - 6) 0.00 0.00 1.00 9,913 B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS) 1. ( 0 ) POST DOCTORAL SCHOLARS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 2. ( 12 ) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.) 52.40 0.00 0.00 284,376 3. ( 2 ) GRADUATE STUDENTS 59,289 4. ( 0 ) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS 0 5. ( 0 ) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY) 0 6. ( 3 ) OTHER 41,150 TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B) 394,728 C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS) 190,350 TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C) 585,078 D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)

TOTAL EQUIPMENT 0 E. TRAVEL 1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS) 41,761 2. FOREIGN 0

F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS 1. STIPENDS $ 0 2. TRAVEL 0 3. SUBSISTENCE 0 4. OTHER 0 TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS ( 0 ) TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS 0 G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS 1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES 43,308 2. PUBLICATION COSTS/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION 2,000 3. CONSULTANT SERVICES 0 4. COMPUTER SERVICES 19,500 5. SUBAWARDS 0 6. OTHER 30,771 TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS 95,579 H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G) 722,418 I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)(SPECIFY RATE AND BASE) Base of Off-Campus direct cost (Rate: 26.0000, Base: 504800) (Cont. on Comments Page) TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) 217,582 J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I) 940,000 K. RESIDUAL FUNDS 0 L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K) $ 940,000 $ M. COST SHARING PROPOSED LEVEL $0 AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT $ fm1030rs-07 PI/PD NAME FOR NSF USE ONLY Barbara J Bond INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION ORG. REP. NAME* Date Checked Date Of Rate Sheet Initials - ORG

6 *ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES REQUIRED FOR REVISED BUDGET SUMMARY Cumulative PROPOSAL BUDGET FOR NSF USE ONLY ORGANIZATION PROPOSAL NO. DURATION (months) Oregon State University Proposed Granted PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / PROJECT DIRECTOR AWARD NO. Barbara J Bond A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PI’s, Faculty and Other Senior Associates NSF Funded Funds Funds Person-months Requested By granted by NSF (List each separately with title, A.7. show number in brackets) CAL ACAD SUMR proposer (if different) 1. Barbara J Bond - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 $$0 2. Mark E Harmon - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 3. Sherri L Johnson - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 4. Julia A Jones - none 0.00 0.00 6.00 54,881 5. Thomas A Spies - none 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 6. ( ) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET JUSTIFICATION PAGE) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 7. ( 5 ) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1 - 6) 0.00 0.00 6.00 54,881 B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS) 1. ( 0 ) POST DOCTORAL SCHOLARS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 2. ( 82 ) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.) 348.70 0.00 0.00 1,639,882 3. ( 15 ) GRADUATE STUDENTS 314,147 4. ( 0 ) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS 0 5. ( 0 ) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY) 0 6. ( 25 ) OTHER 244,171 TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B) 2,253,081 C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS) 1,089,788 TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C) 3,342,869 D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)

TOTAL EQUIPMENT 0 E. TRAVEL 1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS) 240,946 2. FOREIGN 0

F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS 1. STIPENDS $ 0 2. TRAVEL 0 3. SUBSISTENCE 0 4. OTHER 0 TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS ( 0 ) TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS 0 G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS 1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES 449,712 2. PUBLICATION COSTS/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION 8,000 3. CONSULTANT SERVICES 0 4. COMPUTER SERVICES 96,000 5. SUBAWARDS 0 6. OTHER 163,560 TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS 717,272 H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G) 4,301,087 I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)(SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)

TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) 1,338,913 J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I) 5,640,000 K. RESIDUAL FUNDS 0 L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K) $ 5,640,000 $ M. COST SHARING PROPOSED LEVEL $0 AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT $ fm1030rs-07 PI/PD NAME FOR NSF USE ONLY Barbara J Bond INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION ORG. REP. NAME* Date Checked Date Of Rate Sheet Initials - ORG

C *ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES REQUIRED FOR REVISED BUDGET

7.0 Budget Justification A total of $5,640,000 is requested for the next 6-year funding period for the Andrews Forest LTER program. The bulk of the budget supports continuation of long-term experiments, measurement programs, and information management. To address the specific goals and objectives we have established for LTER6, our Proposed Activities include targeted analyses of long-term data and modeling in addition to three interdisciplinary field studies. A small amount of faculty salary support and a graduate student has been budgeted for the analyses of our long-term data and a programmer will assist with modeling. The three interdisciplinary field studies all leverage existing long-term measurements and with strategically planned new measurements. Most of the new measurements will involve expansion or installation of sensor networks, as we work to develop our “Cyber Forest”. We have budgeted for a half time technician to assist with installation of the new sensors for the first two years, and funds have been allocated to support a graduate student during each year of LTER to participate in the interdisciplinary research programs. We recognize that the strategic plan outlined in this proposal cannot be implemented using only LTER funding. We view many of the proposed LTER6 projects, especially the three interdisciplinary field studies, as providing seed money to prove concepts and gather preliminary results that contribute to new proposals for additional funding. LTER5 funding to the H.J. Andrews during the last 6 years was highly leveraged; total funding for research at the H.J. Andrews was approximately $3,000,000 per year ($750,000 of which was provided through our LTER grant and associated supplements). Non-LTER grants, from NSF, NOAA, Department of Energy, Environmental Protection Agency, Willamette National Forest, and the State of Oregon, accounted for approximately $1,700,000 per year. The USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW) contributes to the Andrews Forest research by funding research, cooperative grants, and salaries for scientists (Johnson and Spies), information management (Henshaw and Valentine), Site Manager (Keable), forester (Creel) and hydrologic technician (Downing). The PNW also provides for the maintenance of stream gages and a portion of nutrient analyses, for a total contribution of over $850,000 per year. From Oregon State University, support has taken the form of contributed time of University scientists (from 15 Departments in 5 Colleges), major infrastructural support for our data management activities, salary support for the Site Director of H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest (O’Connell) and the LTER Program Coordinator (DiGregorio) from the College of Forestry, and use of endowment funds for part-time of a computer programmer (Schnekenburger) aiding simulation model projects. In LTER6, we will work with our partners to continue this level of leveraging and strong institutional support.

A. SENIOR PERSONNEL. Bond serves as Principal Investigator. Both Bond and Harmon hold endowed chair positions in the OSU College of Forestry and therefore require no salary support. Jones has requested salary for one summer month each year to coordinate retrospective analyses of long-term measurements data ($54,881 total). Johnson and Spies are research scientists with US Forest Service with courtesy faculty appointments at OSU. Their participation in LTER is part of their official research activities (see Memorandum of Understanding between NSF and US Forest Service in supplemental materials).

B1. OTHER PERSONNEL. A large request in this budget is for salaries and wages for other professionals totaling $1,639,882. The size of the request is indicative of the extent of long-term field measurement programs associated with our site. The salaries and wages include full FTE for numerous professionals, such as our LTER data manager (Remillard), Andrews Forest local area network manager and on-site data manager (Bierlmaier), research technician for the climate station network (Moreau), and fractional FTE for other research associates to work on research areas including but not limited to fish studies (Wildman), vegetation and bird research (Bruner), and phenology and trophic interactions (Sexton). Chemical analyses are performed by the Cooperative Chemical Analytical Laboratory (CCAL) on OSU campus (C.Jones). Daly has requested one month of support during each year to supervise our extensive climatic measurements program; he will be conducting extensive climate analyses and modeling during the first three years of the grant with additional support. Nolin has requested one month of summer support for two years to conduct analyses of the impacts of forest canopy on snow dynamics.

B3. GRADUATE STUDENTS. The budget includes full salary (0.49 FTE) support for two graduate students per year on average, totaling $314,147. One of the graduate students will be affiliated with the interdisciplinary field studies; over the six year program this support will rotate among the three programs,

although for at least the first three years the student will work with the Carbon/Water cycle studies in Watershed 1. This student will be supervised by Unsworth. Support for the other graduate student will rotate among various projects involving analyses of long-term data.

B6. OTHER. We include two months of salary per year for the LTER Program Coordinator (DiGregorio) who helps administer the LTER budget and organize LTER-related activities, meetings, and reports. DiGregorio’s position had been fully funded by the College of Forestry for the past two years; support for this position has been reduced due to a severe budget crisis. We will provide extensive research experience by hiring undergraduates and recent graduates as temporary research assistants and field crew members (“Other” category total $244,171).

C. FRINGE BENEFITS. We request a total of $1,089,788 for other payroll expenses (OPE). Oregon State University uses a sliding scale to calculate OPE costs. OPE rates for students and temporary employees range from 3 to 10%. Rates for permanent and part time staff and faculty receiving benefits range from 44 to 85%, depending on monthly salary.

D. EQUIPMENT. No funds are requested for capital equipment at this time.

E. TRAVEL. The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is located 150 km (2 hours) from the OSU campus. The budget includes instate travel funds to pay for housing and laboratory expenses, vehicle rental and per diem for researchers, students or crews at the Andrews Forest Headquarters site. We request funding to cover cell phone charges and GPS messengers for safety reasons, because many of the field sites are very remote. Out-of-state travel funds have been requested to allow students and scientists to present their research results at national and international meetings and to encourage participation in the LTER All Scientists Meetings. A portion of the budget will be used to bring our Advisory Committee to Oregon for site reviews. Total travel budget is $240,946.

F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS. No funds are requested for participant support costs at this time.

G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS.

(G.1) MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES ($449,689) The materials and supplies budget covers minor equipment and general supplies for research, including dataloggers, radios, laptop computers for field use, GPS, climatic and hydrologic sensors, computers and data storage devices for fieldwork, data downloading and desktop, general sampling devices, sensor calibration and maintenance and chemical analyses. We request funding to cover cell phone charges for safety reasons, as much of the field research for the project will be in remote sites. Other expenses include office equipment and supplies, telecom, postage and postage for samples, duplicating, maintenance and repairs to equipment and to snowcats and snowmobiles (used to access climate stations during winter), equipment rentals, dues and memberships, and expenses associated with hosting groups and guests such as our annual symposium, annual field day, and the annual meeting at OSU of our advisory panel.

(G.2) PUBLICATION/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION ($8,000) The budget includes funds for publication expenses for reports and publications including manuscript page charges and editorial assistance for the Andrews Forest site science book, necessary illustrations, storage and indexing of data and databases, and storage, preservation, documentation, indexing, etc., of physical specimens.

(G.3) CONSULTANT SERVICES No funds are requested for consultant services at this time.

(G.4) COMPUTER SERVICES ($96,000) The cost of computer services, including computer-based retrieval of scientific, technical and educational information is requested because it is policy at OSU and the College of Forestry to charge such costs as direct charges. The request is based on the established and projected computer service rates. We have budgeted expenses related to replacement of scientific-use computers that support hardware, software and staff at the Andrews Forest site.

(G.5) SUBCONTRACTS No funds are requested for subcontracts at this time.

(G.6) OTHER. ($163,560) Tuition will be provided for graduate students and is not subject to indirect costs.

I. INDIRECT COSTS. This research is focused at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Blue River, Oregon. Many of the personnel are based there and are considered off-campus, with an indirect rate of 26%. Those with offices in the Forestry Sciences Laboratory, including O’Connell, Johnson and Spies, are also considered off-campus. Other faculty, with offices on campus, incur an indirect-cost rate of 46.2%. Total indirect costs are $1,338,936.

MATTHEW G. BETTS Assistant Professor of Forest Wildlife Landscape Ecology, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University Phone: 541-737-3841 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation University of New Brunswick, Ph. D. Forestry and Environmental Management, 2000-2005. University of Waterloo, M. Sc. Regional Planning and Resource Development, 1993-1995. University of New Brunswick, B.Sc. Forestry and Environmental Management, 1996-1999 B. Appointments Assistant Professor, Landscape Ecology, Dept. of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 2007- present. Postdoctoral Associate, Dartmouth College, Biological Sciences, 2006-2007. Visiting Scientist, New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources, 2006. Research Coordinator, Greater Fundy Ecosystem Research Group, University of New Brunswick, 2000- 2005. C. Publications (5 significant examples) Betts, M.G., Forbes, G.J. and Diamond, A.W. 2007. Thresholds in songbird occurrence in relation to landscape structure. Conservation Biology 21: 1046-1058. Betts, M.G., Mitchell, D., Diamond, A.W., Bêty, J. 2007. Uneven rates of landscape change as a source of bias in roadside wildlife surveys. Journal of Wildlife Management 71: 2266-2273. Betts, M.G., Forbes, G.J., Diamond, A.W., and Taylor, P.D. (2006) Independent effects of habitat amount and fragmentation on songbirds in a forest mosaic. Ecological Applications 16: 1076–1089. Betts, M.G., Diamond, A.W., Forbes, G.J., Villard, M.-A. and Gunn, J. (2006) The importance of spatial autocorrelation, extent and resolution in predicting forest bird occurrence. Ecological Modelling 191: 197–224. Betts, M.G., Simon, N.P.P. and Nocera, J. (2005) Point count data summary metrics differentially predict reproductive activity in forest and grassland birds. Journal of Ornithology 146: 151–159. D. Synergistic Activities Chief Editor, Forest Management Guidelines to Protect Native Biodiversity in the Greater Fundy Ecosystem (2005). University of New Brunswick (UNB) Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, Fredericton, Pp. 110. Chair, Biodiversity Committee, Fundy Model Forest, 2000-2003. Scientific Advisory Committee, Oregon Department of Forestry, 2007-current. Symposium chair, American Ornithologists’ Union (AOU) 2008 conference. Journal reviewing: Diversity and Distributions, Conservation Biology, Conservation Ecology, Ecography, Ecology, Ecological Applications, Ecological Modelling, Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal of Field Ornithology, Journal of Wildlife Management, Landscape Ecology.

BRYAN A. BLACK Assistant Professor, Senior Research, Oregon State University Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2030 SE Marine Science Dr., Newport, OR 97365 Phone: 541-867-0283 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Westminster College Biology BS, 1996 Penn State University Forest Resources PhD, 2003 Oregon State University Fisheries Ecology Post-doc, 2005 B. Appointments Assistant Professor, Senior Research. Oregon State University Hatfield Marine Science Center. July 2005 – present Adjunct Assistant Professor, Oregon State University Dept. of Forest Science. July 2005 - present C. Publications (5 significant examples) BA Black, JJ Colbert, and N Pederson. 2008. Relationships between lifespan and radial growth rate within North American tree species. Ecoscience. In Press, expected volume 15(3), September 2008. BA Black, CM Ruffner, and MD Abrams. 2006 Effects of physiography and Native American populations on pre-European settlement forest vegetation in northwestern Pennsylvania. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:1266-1275. BA Black, GW Boehlert, and MM Yoklavich. 2005. Using tree-ring crossdating techniques to validate age in long-lived fishes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 62:2277-2284 BA Black and MD Abrams. 2003 A boundary-line approach to establishing dendroecological release criteria. Ecological Applications 13:1733-1749. BA Black and MD Abrams. 2001. Influences of physiography, surveyor bias, and Native American catchments on witness tree distribution in southeastern Pennsylvania. Ecology 82(9):2574-2586.

D. Synergistic Activities Activity #1. In my current position I have been applying techniques of dendrochronology to growth increments of long-lived aquatic organisms including marine fish, marine bivalves, and freshwater mussels. In so doing, I have attempted to develop new methods of age validation, techniques to quantify the effects of climate on growth, and ways of relating aquatic chronologies to terrestrial tree- ring chronologies to demonstrate the pervasive effects of climate across diverse ecosystems and taxa. Activity #2, I have also worked to better reconstruct disturbance history (windstorms, logging, fires, etc.) from growth pulses in tree-ring data. These so-called boundary-line release criteria are now increasingly applied in the dendrochronology community. Activity #3. One of my research interests is to improve ways of describing early-settlement forest composition and structure from historical records, such as land surveys. These records serve as baseline data for evaluating post-settlement forest change. Also, when related to archaeological records, they also help reveal the impacts of Native Americans on pre-European settlement forests. JOHN P. BOLTE Biological and Ecological Engineering Department Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 Telephone: (541) 737-6303 Email: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation University of Florida Plant Science B.S. 1977 University of Florida Agricultural Engineering M.S. 1983 Auburn University Agricultural Engineering Ph.D 1987 B. Appointments 2002 - present Head, Oregon State University, Biological and Ecological Engineering. 2006 - present Professor, Oregon State University, Biological and Ecological Engineering. 2005 - 2006 Interim Director, Institute for Water and Watersheds, Oregon State University 1994 - 2006 Associate Professor, Oregon State University, Biological and Ecological Engineering. 1988 - 1994 Assistant Professor, Oregon State University, Bioresource Engineering. 1987 - 1988 Post-Doctoral Systems Research Scientist, Oregon State University, Crop & Soil Science Department.

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Bolte, J.P., D.W. Hulse, S.V. Gregory, and C. Smith. 2007. Modeling biocomplexity – actors, landscapes and alternative futures. Env. Modeling and Software. 22(5) 570-579. Cox, M and J.P. Bolte. 2007. A spatially explicit network-based model for estimating stream temperature distribution. Environmental Modeling and Software. 22(4):502–514. Watanabe, M., R.M. Adams, J. Wu, J.P. Bolte, M.M. Cox, S.L. Johnson, W.J. Liss, W.G. Boggess, J.L. Ebersole. 2005. Toward efficient riparian restoration: integrating economic, physical, and biological models. J. Env. Management 75(2): 93-104. Berger, P.A. and J.P. Bolte. 2004. Evaluating the impact of policy options on agricultural landscapes: an alternative futures approach. Ecological Applications. 14(2):342-354. Lamy, F., J.P. Bolte, M. Santelmann and C. Smith. 2002. Development and Evaluation of Multiple Objective Decision-Making Methods for Watershed Management Planning. J.Amer.Water Resources Assoc. 38(2):517-529. D. Synergistic Activities • Oregon State University PI for the multi-institution Pacific Northwest Regional Collaboratory, leading the development of web-based application architecture and software for delivering geospatial and remote-sensing based decision support tools for natural resource management and decisionmaking. • PI of a highly multidisciplinary EPA-funded project “Developing Methods and Tools for Restoration Decisionmaking: Design, Implementation and Assessment in the Willamette Basin.” This project integrates ecological, economic, and social scientists with information engineers and stakeholder groups to address the complexities of watershed restoration decisionmaking under constraints via spatially explicit multiobjective optimization. • CoPI of a multidisciplinary NSF Biocomplexity project “Interactions of riparian pattern, policy and biocomplexity in coupled human/riverine systems” studying the interactions of riparian policy evolution, land use, and riparian function in several Willamette basin watersheds. This effort, initiated Fall 2001, uses spatially explicit analysis with a multiobjective decisionmaking core and an agent-based simulation approach to evolve policy/pattern constructs to explore development of effective strategies for managing riparian areas under conditions of ecological and social function scarcity. • PI of an EPA project “Modular Simulation Tools” developing a range of software tools for simulation analysis, inferencing, and spatial analysis. BARBARA J. BOND Ruth Spaniol Chair of Renewable Resources, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, Phone: 541-737-6110 E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation University of Calif., Irvine Biological Science B.S. 1972 Oregon State University Terrestrial Plant Ecology M.S. 1984 Oregon State University Plant Physiology/ Forest Science Ph.D. 1992 B. Appointments Professor and Ruth H. Spaniol Chair in Renewable Resources; Lead Principal Investigator of the H.J. Andrews LTER Program; Lead OSU Scientist of the Andrews Forest Program. 2003 – present. Fulbright Visiting Professor (Argentina/Uruguay teaching/research; environmental science). 2001-2002. Associate Professor, Forest Physiology. Dept. of Forest Science, Oregon State University. 2000-2003. Assistant Professor, Forest Physiology. Dept. of Forest Science, Oregon State University. 1994-2000. Research Associate. Dept. of Forest Science, Oregon State University. 1992-1994. Research Assistant in Hardwood Silviculture. Forest Science Department, OSU 1985-1988. Project Leader, OSU Forestry Education Project. College of Forestry, OSU. 1981-1984. Research Assistant in Plant Pathology. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology; OSU. 1977-1979. Secondary Teacher. 7th and 8th Grade Science and Math, Simi Valley, California. 1975-1977.

C. Publications (most available as pdf’s on-line: http://www.fsl.orst.edu/~bond/publications.html) Bond, B.J., F.C. Meinzer and J.R. Brooks. 2008. How trees influence the hydrological cycle in forest ecosystems. In Hydroecology and Ecohydrology: Past, Present and Future, Wood, P.J., Hannah, D.M. and Sadler. J.P., eds. John Wiley. In Press. Ryan, M.G., N. Phillips and B.J. Bond. 2006. The hydraulic limitation hypothesis revisited. Plant, Cell and Environment 29:367-381. Pypker, T.G., M.H. Unsworth, A.C. Mix, W. Rugh, T. Ocheltree, K. Alstad and B.J. Bond. 2007. Using nocturnal cold air drainage flow to monitor ecosystem processes in complex terrain: a pilot study on the carbon isotopic composition and advection of ecosystem respiration. Ecological Applications 17(3):702-714. Bond, B.J., J.A. Jones, G. Moore, N. Phillips, D. Post and J. McDonnell. 2002. The zone of vegetation influence on baseflow revealed by diel patterns of streamflow and vegetation water use in a headwater basin. Hydrological Processes 16:1671-1677. Ryan, M.G. and B.J. Yoder. 1997. Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth. BioScience 47(4):235- 242. D. Synergistic Activities • Task force to inform the Governor of the State of Oregon on Climate Change issues. • Work with local and national news media to translate our research for the public [e.g., Schripsema, Jen. 2006. “Vast Array of Sensors will Watch the Forest Breathe” (https://depts.washington.edu/nwst/issues/index.php?storyID=797&issueID=fall_2006); Panisi, Elizabeth. 2005. “The sky is not the limit.” Science DOI: 10.1126/science.310.5756.1896 (http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5756/1896?etoc&eaf); • Developed and implemented new mechanisms for providing training and experience in teaching to graduate students in natural resources • Worked with producers from PBS to film a 12 minute TV program, "The Forest Through the Trees" for the series Real Science, aimed at upper elementary and jr. high students (1999). ELIZABETH T. BORER Assistant Professor, Zoology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330 Phone: 541-737-3701 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Oberlin College Biology B.A. 1991 UC Santa Barbara Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Bio. M.A. 2000 UC Santa Barbara Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Bio. Ph.D. 2002 UC Berkeley Post-doc 2003 National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis Post-doc 2004 B. Appointments 2004- Assistant Professor, Zoology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2004 Academic Visitor, Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, England. 2003-2004 Postdoctoral Fellow, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. 2002-2003 Visiting Research Fellow, Dep't of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley. 2002-2003 Postdoctoral Researcher, Dep't of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, UCSB. 1997-2002 Graduate Fellow, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, UCSB. 1996-1997 Research Assistant, Department of Forestry, Iowa State University. 1994-1996 Bioassessment Grant Biologist, Environmental and Conservation Services Department, City of Austin, TX. 1992-1993 Research Intern, Committee for the National Institutes for the Environment (CNIE). 1992 Minnesota Clean Rivers Project Assistant, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. C. Publications (5 significant examples) Borer, E. T., P. R. Hosseini, E. W. Seabloom, A. P. Dobson. 2007. Pathogen-induced reversal of native perennial dominance in a grassland community. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(13): 5473-5478. Borer, E. T., C. J. Briggs, and R. D. Holt. 2007. Predators, parasitoids, and pathogens: a cross-cutting examination of intraguild predation theory. Ecology 88(11): 2681-2688. Borer, E. T., B. S. Halpern, and E. W. Seabloom. 2006. Asymmetry in community regulation: effects of predators and productivity. Ecology 87(11): 2813-2820. Borer, E. T., E. W. Seabloom, J. B. Shurin, K. E. Anderson, C. A. Blanchette, B. Broitman, S. D. Cooper, B. S. Halpern. 2005. What determines the strength of a trophic cascade? Ecology 86(2):528-537. Borer, E. T., C. J. Briggs, W.W. Murdoch, and S.L. Swarbrick. 2003. Testing intraguild predation theory in a field system: Does numerical dominance shift along a gradient of productivity? Ecology Letters 6: 929-935. D. Synergistic Activities 1. Ad hoc reviewer for 12 journals, the National Science Foundation, and the United States Department of Agriculture (2002-present). 2. Scientist presenter, Women in Science and Engineering (2001). 3. Classroom Scientist for 5th graders, Los Marineros/Kids do Ecology (1997-1999). BRUCE A. CALDWELL Senior Faculty Research Assistant, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5751 Phone: 541-737-3674 E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation Oregon State University Microbiology BS, 1975 Oregon State University Microbial Ecology MS, 1979

B. Appointments Senior Faculty Research Assistant, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 1993 –. Faculty Research Assistant, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 1992-1993. Faculty Research Assistant, Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 1984-1992. Faculty Research Assistant, Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 1979-1981.

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Rillig, M.C., B.A. Caldwell, H.A.B. Wösten, and P. Sollins. 2007. Role of proteins in soil carbon and nitrogen storage: controls on persistence. Biogeochemistry 85: 25-44. Sollins, P., C.W. Swanston, M. Kleber, T. Filley, M. Kramer, S. Crow, B.A. Caldwell, K. Lajtha and R. Bowden. 2006. Organic C and N stabilization in a forest soil: evidence from sequential density fractionation. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38: 3313-3324. Caldwell, B.A. 2005. Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity: a review. Pedobiologia. 49:637-644. Swanston, C.W., P.S. Homann, B.A. Caldwell, D.D. Myrold, L. Ganio and P. Sollins. 2004. Long-term effects of elevated nitrogen on forest soil organic matter stability. Biogeochemistry 70: 227-250. Sollins, P., P.S. Homann and B.A. Caldwell. 1996. Stabilization and destabilization of soil organic matter: mechanisms and controls. Geoderma 74: 65-105.

D. Synergistic Activities 1. Faculty Mentoring Award from Forest Science Graduate Students, 1995 2. Visiting Scientist, University of Debrecen, Hungary 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005 3. Session Co-Chair/Speaker, Joint US-Taiwan Symposium and Workshop on Molecular Methods for Assessing Biodiversity and Applications to Biogeochemistry. Taipei, May 2004. 4. Organizer of LTER Network-funded Workshop on Reactive Polyphenols in Forest Ecosystems, Corvallis, March 2007. KERMIT CROMACK JR. Professor Emeritus, Department of Forest Science, 321 Richardson Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 Phone: 541-737-6590 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation University of Texas at Austin Zoology B.A. 1963 University of Texas at Austin Zoology M.A. 1967 University of Georgia Botany Ph.D. 1973 B. Appointments Professor Emeritus Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University 2005-present Professor Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University 1997-2004 Associate Professor Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University 1983-1997 C. Publications (5 significant examples) Elliot, J.C., J.E. Smith, K. Cromack, Jr., H. Chen, & D. McKay. 2007. Chemistry & ectomycorrhizal community structure of coarse wood in young & old-growth forests in the Cascade Range of Oregon. Can. J. For. Res. 37:2041-2051. Boyle, S.A., J.J. Rich, P.J. Bottomley, K. Cromack, Jr., & D.D. Myrold. 2006. Disturbance effects on denitrifying community composition & activity at forest & meadow sites in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38:870-878. Perakis, S.S., D.A. Maguire, T.D. Bullen, K. Cromack, Jr., R.H. Waring, & J.R. Boyle. 2006. Coupled nitrogen & calcium cycles in forests of the Oregon Coast Range. Ecosystems 9:63-74. Valachovic, Y.S., B.A. Caldwell, K. Cromack, Jr. & R.P. Griffiths. 2004. Leaf litter chemistry controls on decomposition of Pacific Northwest trees & woody shrubs. Can. J. For. Res. 34:2131-2147. Cromack, K. Jr., J.D. Landsberg, R.L. Everett, R. Zeleny, C,P, Giardina, E.K. Strand, T.D. Anderson, R. Averill & R. Smyrski. 2000. Assessing the impacts of severe fire on forest ecosystem recovery. J. Sust. For. 11:177-228. D. Synergistic Activities Activity #1 – A teachers’ workshop was sponsored jointly by our NSF Microbial Observatory Project (MCB-0348689) & the NSF funded ‘Teachers in the Woods’: Forest Science Research & Mentoring for Middle & High School Teachers (EIS-0101957) on July 13, 2006 at the H.J. Andrews LTER site. K. Cromack, Jr. spent a full day working with 18 high school teachers. Cromack’s lecture & the opportunity to examine field collections of ectomycorrhizal fungal mats & actinorhizal nodules from red alder from the HJA site were designed to encourage high school teachers to use such materials wherever possible to increase student interest in observing these examples of microbial communities. Workshop instructors were A. Moldenke, K. Cromack, Jr., & M. Dresner (Portland State University – PSU). Activity #2 – A teachers’ workshop was sponsored jointly by our NSF Microbial Observatory Project (MCB-9977933) & the NSF funded ‘Teachers in the Woods’: Forest Science Research & Mentoring for Middle & High School Teachers (EIS-0101957) during May 4-5, 2002 at the HJA LTER site. The purpose of this joint workshop was to develop the basis for examining soil biological exercises to be included in future middle school science classes & high school biology classes. Attendees included several Oregon high school teachers & M.S. students in education from PSU. Workshop instructors were A. Moldenke, K. Cromack, Jr., K. Waterstripe (OSU), & Marion Dresner (PSU). CHRISTOPHER DALY Oregon State University, 2019 Kelley Engineering Center, Corvallis, OR Phone: 541-737-5657, E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation University of California at Davis Atmospheric Sciences, B.S., 1978 University of Colorado, Geography (Forest Geography), M.A., 1984 Oregon State University, General Science (Climate and Vegetation), Ph.D., 1994 Oregon State University, Ecosystem Modeling, Post-doc, 1994-1997

B. Appointments Associate Director, Northwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering, 2007-Present Associate Professor, Oregon State University, 2004-Present Director, PRISM Research Group, 1997-Present Post-Doctoral Research Associate, Oregon State University, 1994-1997 Teaching/Research Assistant, Oregon State University, 1990-1994 Senior Research Scientist, Systems Applications International, 1985-1990 Teaching/Research Assistant, University of Colorado, 1981-1984 Marine Meteorologist, Oceanroutes, Inc., 1978-1981

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Daly, C., Halbleib, M., Smith, J.I., Gibson, W.P., Doggett, M.K., Taylor, G.H., Curtis, J., and Pasteris, P.A. 2007. Physiographically-sensitive mapping of temperature and precipitation across the conterminous United States. International Journal of Climatology, in press. Daly, C., J.I. Smith, and R. McKane. 2007. High-resolution spatial modeling of daily weather elements for a catchment in the Oregon Cascade Mountains, United States. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 1565-1586. Daly, C. 2006. Guidelines for assessing the suitability of spatial climate data sets. International Journal of Climatology, 26: 707-721. Daly, C., W. P. Gibson, G.H. Taylor, G. L. Johnson, P. Pasteris. 2002. A knowledge-based approach to the statistical mapping of climate. Climate Research, 22: 99-113. Daly, C., R.P. Neilson, and D.L. Phillips. 1994. A statistical-topographic model for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain. Journal of Applied Meteorology 33: 140-158.

D. Synergistic Activities Developed and advanced an emerging discipline termed “geospatial climatology,” the study of the spatial patterns of climate and their relationships with geographic features. Developed PRISM, a novel approach to the mapping of climate that brings meteorological intelligence and geographical analysis to the statistical interpolation of climate. Founded and directs Oregon State University’s PRISM Group, a recognized world leader in spatial climate analysis. The impact of PRISM on the scientific community and the public good was recognized in 2004 when Daly was awarded “Outstanding Contribution to the Advance of Applied Meteorology” by the American Meteorological Society. Developed the first-ever detailed climate and species suitability maps for the People’s Republic of China, aiding Oregon grass seed growers in creating a multi-million dollar market for their seeds in China. Updating official NOAA extreme precipitation maps that provide guidance used by states, counties, and municipalities to determine building codes and regulations. Recently asked to develop a new official USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, the key plant selection guide for horticulturalists, nurseymen, and gardeners; this map will be viewed by an estimated 100 million people in its first week of release. THOMAS G. DIETTERICH Professor and Director of Intelligent Systems Research, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, 1148 Kelley Engineering Center, Corvallis, OR 97331 Phone: 541-737-5559 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio Mathematics (Honors in Statistics) AB, 1977 University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Computer Science MS, 1979 Stanford University Computer Science PhD, 1985 B. Appointments Director of Intelligent Systems Research, School of EECS, OSU, 2006-present Professor, School of EECS, OSU, 1995-present Visiting Senior Scientist, Institute for the Investigation of Artificial Intelligence, Barcelona, Spain. (Sabbatical leave position), 1998-1999 Associate Professor of Computer Science, OSU. (50% time 9/92-12/93), 1988-1995 Senior Scientist (50% time), Arris Pharmaceutical Corp., S. San Francisco, CA, 1991-1993 Assistant Professor of Computer Science, OSU, 1985-1988

C. Publications (5 significant examples) [All available at http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~tgd/publications] Dereszynski, E., Dietterich, T. (2007). Probabilistic Models for Anomaly Detection in Remote Sensor Data Streams. Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI- 2007). 75-82. Larios, N., Deng, H., Zhang, W., Sarpola, M, Yuen, J, Paasch, R., Moldenke, A., Lytle, D., Ruiz Correa, S., Mortensen, E., Shapiro, L., Dietterich, T. (2007). Automated insect identification through concatenated histograms of local appearance features. Machine Vision and Applications. Online DOI 10.1007/s00138-007-0086-y. Langford, W. T., Gergel, S. E., Dietterich, T. G., Cohen, W. (2006). Map misclassification can cause large errors in landscape pattern indices: Examples from habitat fragmentation. Ecosystems, 9 (3): 474- 488. Dietterich, T. G., Ashenfelter, A., Bulatov, Y. (2004). Training conditional random fields via gradient tree boosting. Int. Conf. Machine Learning. (pp. 217-224). ACM Press. Dietterich, T. G., Bakiri, G. (1995). Solving Multiclass Learning Problems via Error-Correcting Output Codes. J. Artificial Intelligence Research, 2, 263-286. D. Synergistic Activities President, International Machine Learning Society, 2001-2007 Program Chair (2000) and General Chair (2001) Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Conference Editor, Morgan-Claypool Synthesis online publication (2005-present) Editor, MIT Press book series: Adaptive Computing and Machine Learning (1996-present) Member, NCEAS Study Group on Machine Learning in Ecology (2007-2008) XIAOLI Z. FERN Assistant Professor, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5501 Phone: 541-737-2557 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Ph.D., Computer Engineering. Purdue University, Aug. 2005 M.S., Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Jan. 2000 B.S., Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Aug. 1997

B. Appointments Assistant Professor, Oregon State University, Computer Science, Sept. 2005–present. C. Publications (5 significant examples) Xiaoli Z. Fern and Carla Brodley, “Random Projection for High dimensional data clustering: A cluster ensemble approach”, In Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2003. Xiaoli Z. Fern and Carla Brodley, “Solving cluster ensemble problems by bipartite graph partitioning”, In Proceedings of 21st International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2004. Xiaoli Z. Fern, “High Dimensional Data Clustering and Correlation Pattern Analysis”, Ph.D. dissertation, Purdue University, Aug. 2005 Ying Cui, Xiaoli Z. Fern and Jennifer Dy, “Non-redundant Multi-view Clustering Via Orthogonalization”, In Proceedings of 7th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, 2007. Xiaoli Z. Fern, Chaitanya Komireddy and Margaret Burnett, “Mining Interpretable human strategies: A case study”, In Proceedings of 7th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, 2007. D. Synergistic Activities • Executive Committee of Oregon State University IGERT Ecosystem Informatics Program, 2005 – present. • Program Committee: International Conference on Machine Learning (2008), ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (2006, 2007), National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2007). • Publicity Chair for International Conference on Machine Learning (2007) • Conference reviewer: International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), International conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), SIAM International Conference on Data Mining (SDM). • Journal reviewer: Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, Journal of Machine Learning Research, Machine Learning, Information Fusion, IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI), IEEE Transaction on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE), IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. LISA M. GANIO Associate Professor and Director, Quantitative Sciences Group, Dept. Forest Science, Oregon State University Phone: 541-737-6577 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Humboldt State University Botany, Zoology B.S. 1982 Oregon State University Statistics M.S. 1986 Oregon State University Statistics Ph.D 1989

B. Appointments Associate Professor and Director, Quantitative Sciences Group, Dept. Forest Science, Oregon State University, July 2005-present Assistant Professor and Director, Quantitative Sciences Group, Dept. Forest Science, Oregon State University, July 2000-2005 Faculty and Senior Faculty Research Assistant and Associate Director (since 1996), Quantitative Sciences Group, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University 1994-1998. Senior Research Scientist, consulting statistician; Mantech Environmental Technology, Corvallis, Oregon. 1989 – 1996

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Ganio, L.M. and K.J. Puettmann. 2008 Large-scale forestry experiments and the hierarchy of objectives. Sustainable Forestry. 26(1) (in press) Dunham, S.M, L.M.Ganio, B. Gartner and A.I. Gitelman. 2007. Bayesian analysis of Douglas-fir hydraulic architecture at multiple scales. Trees – Structure and Function. 21: 65-78 Thompson, J.R., T.A. Spies and L.M. Ganio. 2007. Fire severity in a re-burned and salvaged logged portion of the Biscuit Fire. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 104:25 page 10743- 10748. Ganio, L.M. 2006. Challenges in statistical inference for large operational experiments. Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung. 177:131-136. Ganio, L.M., C.E. Torgersen, R.E. Gresswell. 2005. A geostatistical approach for describing spatial pattern in stream networks. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 3(3): 138–144. D. Synergistic Activities

• Lead the statistical consulting program in the College of Forestry at Oregon State University

• Developed, oversee and participate in a college-wide statistical consulting program that allows graduate students, faculty and other associated researchers to engage in one-on-one consulting with statisticians for the entire duration of a research project. Ph.D and M.S level statisticians are available for consulting on all aspects of research from study conception and design, through implementation, analysis, interpretation of results and manuscript writing. Primary objective of consulting with students is to facilitate and reinforce learning and application of statistical methods beyond required coursework. Consulting with faculty is scholarly collaboration between statisticians and researchers that involves the development or unique application of statistical methods to current research. STANLEY V. GREGORY Professor, Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803 Phone: 541-737-1951 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation University of Tennessee Zoology BS 1971 Oregon State University Fisheries MS 1975 Oregon State University Fisheries PhD 1980 B. Appointments Professor, Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 1993 - present Associate Professor, Fisheries and Wildlife, OSU, 1986 - 1993 Assistant Professor, Research. Fisheries and Wildlife, OSU, 1981 - 1986 Leader of Field Research Station - Corvallis. Columbia National Fishery Research Laboratory, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia, Missouri, 1977 - 1981

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Gregory, S.V., F.J. Swanson, A. McKee, K,W. Cummins. 1991. Ecosystem perspectives of riparian zones. BioScience 41:540-551. Gregory, S.V., M. Meleason, and D.J. Sobota. 2003. Modeling the dynamics of wood in streams and rivers. Pages 315-336 in S. V. Gregory, K. L. Boyer, and A. M. Gurnell, editors. The ecology and management of wood in world rivers. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 37, Bethesda, Maryland. Van Sickle, J., J. Baker, A. Herlihy, P. Bayley, S. Gregory, P. Haggerty, L. Ashkenas, and J. Li. 2004. Projecting the biological condition of streams under alternative scenarios of human land use. Ecological Applications 14:368–380. Hulse, D.H., and S.V. Gregory. 2004. Integrating resilience into floodplain restoration. Urban Ecosystems 7: 295–314. Meleason, M.A., S.V. Gregory, and J. Bolte. 2003. Implications of selected riparian management strategies on wood in Cascade Mountain streams of the Pacific Northwest. Ecological Applications 13:1212-1221.

D. Synergistic Activities Development of stakeholder-based and agent-based modeling of alternative future scenarios for the Willamette River basin. Research is being applied to land use planning at local and regional levels in Oregon, Washington, and Canada. Collaboration with the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board to design and prioritize $24 million in a Special Investment Program to restore the Willamette River and major tributaries Development of Riparian management Guidelines for the Willamette National Forest and the Northwest Forest Plan. Research from the Andrews LTER provided the basis for regional riparian management. Application of Andrews LTER research in 3 graduate and 3 undergraduate classes in stream ecology and ecological restoration. Service on regional assessment panels for federal endangered species recovery plans and regional landscape planning for conservation and restoration. ROY HAGGERTY Dept. of Geosciences, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5506 Phone: (541) 737-1210 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation University of Alberta Geology with First Class Honors BSc, 1990 Stanford University Hydrogeology MS (1993), PhD (1996)

B. Appointments Associate Professor, Dept. of Geosciences, Oregon State University, 1996-present (Assistant 1996-2002) C. Publications (5 significant examples) Burkholder, B.K., G.E. Grant, R. Haggerty, T. Khangaonkar, and P.J. Wampler. 2008. Influence of Hyporheic Flow and Geomorphology on Temperature of a Large, Gravel Bed River, Clackamas River, Oregon, USA, Hydrological Processes, in press. Gooseff, M. N., J. K. Anderson, S. M. Wondzell, J. LaNier, and R. Haggerty. 2006. A modeling study of hyporheic exchange pattern and the sequence, size, and spacing of stream bedforms in mountain stream networks, Oregon, USA, Hydrological Processes, 20, 2443–2457.

Gooseff, M. N., J. LaNier, R. Haggerty, and K. Kokkeler. 2005. Determining in-channel transient storage by comparing solute transport in a bedrock channel - alluvial channel sequence, Lookout Creek basin, Oregon, USA, Water Resources Research, 41, W06014, doi:10.1029/2004WR003513.

Haggerty, R., C. F. Harvey, C. F. v. Schwerin, and L. C. Meigs. 2004. What controls the apparent timescale of solute mass transfer in aquifers and soils? A comparison of diverse experimental results. Water Resources Research, 40, W01510, doi:10.1029/2002WR001716.

Haggerty, R., S. M. Wondzell, and M. A. Johnson. 2002. Power-law residence time distribution in the hyporheic zone of a 2nd-order mountain stream, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(13), DOI 10.1029/2002GL014743.

D. Synergistic Activities 1. Developing hands-on laboratory activities for introductory earth sciences class and assessing the impact of this on different learning styles (kinesthetic, aural, etc.) 2. Developing new tracer technique that will be usable by both stream ecologists and hydrologists to measure directly the quantity of microbiological activity in a stream. 3. Working with a Native American student from the to complete his MS, and encouraging him to pursue a PhD and develop associated leadership skills that will help to position him to be an effective leader in the Native American community. CHARLES B. HALPERN Research Professor, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, Washington 98195-2100 Phone: 206-543-2789 E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation

Cornell University Biology B.S., 1980

Oregon State University Botany & Plant Pathology Ph.D., 1987

Oregon State University Forest Ecology Post-doc, 1987-1991

B. Appointments

Research Professor, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, 2002-present

Research Associate Professor, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, 1996-2002

Research Assistant Professor, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, 1991-1995

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Nelson, C. R., C. B. Halpern, and J. A. Antos. 2007. Variation in responses of late-seral herbs to disturbance and environmental stress. Ecology 88:2880-2890. Lutz, J. A., and C. B. Halpern. 2006. Tree mortality during early stand development: a long-term study of rates, causes, and consequences. Ecological Monographs 76:257-275. Halpern, C. B., and T. A. Spies. 1995. Plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific Northwest. Ecological Applications 5:913-934. Halpern, C. B. 1989. Early successional patterns of forest species: interactions of life history traits and disturbance. Ecology 70:704-720. Halpern, C. B. 1988. Early successional pathways and the resistance and resilience of forest communities. Ecology 69:1703-1715.

D. Synergistic Activities

Science coordination for the Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) Study, a regional multi-agency/institutional experiment in variable retention harvest: http://www.cfr.washington.edu/research.demo/ Mentor, ESA SEEDs Program Mentor, NSF-REU Program MARK E. HARMON Richardson Chair and Professor in Forest Science, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5752 Phone: 541-737-8455 E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation Oregon State University, PhD Botany, 1986 University of Tennessee, M.S. Ecology, 1980 Amherst College, B.A. Biology, 1975

B. Appointments Professor and Richardson Chair, Dept.Forest Science,Oregon State University, August 1999-present Co-Director Central Analytical Laboratory, June 2001-present OSU Lead Scientist H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, August 1999-2006. Research Associate Professor, Dept. Forest Science, Oregon State University, July 1996-July 1999. Research Assist. Professor, Dept. Forest Science, Oregon State University, October 1990 June 1996 Research Assoc., Dept. Forest Science, Oregon State University. July 1988 September 1990. Research Assist., Dept. Forest Science, Oregon State University, October 1984 June 1988. Research Assist., Dept. Botany & Plant Path., Oregon State University, January 1981-October 1984. Technician, Uplands Field Res. Lab, National Park Service, Gatlinburg, TN. Sept. 1976 Oct. 1980. Research Assistant, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, June 1976 September 1976. Technician, Gradient Modeling Inc., West Glacier, MT, June 1975 December 1975.

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Harmon, M. E., K. Bible, M. J. Ryan, D. Shaw, H. Chen, J. Klopatek, and Xia Li. 2004. Production, respiration, and overall carbon balance in an old-growth Pseudotsuga/Tsuga forest ecosystem. Ecosystems 7:498-512. Janisch, J. E, M. E. Harmon, H. Chen, K. Cromack Jr., B. Fasth, and J. M. Sexton. 2005. Carbon flux from coarse woody debris in a Pacific Northwest conifer forest ecosystem: a chronosequence approach. Ecoscience 12:151-160. Krankina, O. N., M. E. Harmon, W. B. Cohen, Doug R. Oetter, O. Zyrina, and M. Duane. 2004. Carbon stores, sinks, and sources in forests of Northwestern Russia: Can we reconcile forest inventories with remote sensing results? Climatic Change 67:257-272. Parton W., W. L. Silver, I. C. Burke, L. Grassens, M. E. Harmon, W. S. Curry, J. King, E. C. Adair, L. A. Brandt, S. C. Hart, and B. Fasth. 2007. Striking global-scale similarities in nitrogen release patterns during long term decomposition. Science 315: 361-364. Smithwick, E. A. H., M. E. Harmon, and J. B. Domingo. 2007. Changing temporal patterns of forest carbon stores and net ecosystem carbon balance: The stand to landscape transformation. Landscape Ecology 22:77-94. D. Synergistic Activities Activity #1-Development of software to calculate inputs of solar radiation at ecosystem & landscape level Activity #2-Development of software to calculate the effects of forest practices on carbon stores of forests Activity #3-Development of numerous web accessible databases on the decomposition and stores of woody detritus (see TD12, TD17, TD22, TD25, TL03, TV009, and TV030 on Andrews LTER website) Activity #4-Coordinator Longterm IntersiteDecomposition Experiment Team (LIDET) 1989-2007 Activity #5-Lead OSU Scientist H. J. Andrews Experiemental Forest 1999-2006 DONALD L. HENSHAW Information Technology Specialist, U. S. Forest Service (USFS), Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 Phone: 541-750-7335 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] A. Professional Preparation University of Michigan Mathematics B.S. 1974 Oregon State University Statistics M.S. 1977 B. Appointments Information Technology Specialist, Landscape Ecology Team, USFS PNW, 1991-present Statistician, Watershed Management Project, USFS PNW, 1978-1991 Mathematician, Integrated Pest Management Project, USFS PNW, 1975-1978 C. Publications (5 significant examples) Henshaw, Donald L.; Sheldon, Wade M.; Remillard, Suzanne M.; Kotwica, Kyle. 2006. CLIMDB/HYDRODB: a web harvester and data warehouse approach to building a cross-site climate and hydrology database. In: Proceedings, 7th International Conference on Hydroscience and Engineering (ICHE-2006); Philadelphia, PA. [Online: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1434] Henshaw, Donald L.; Spycher, Gody; Remillard, Suzanne M. 2002. Transition from a legacy databank to an integrated ecological information system. In: Callaos, Nagib; Porter, John; Rishe, Naphtali, eds. The 6th world multiconference on systemics, cybernetics and informatics; 2002 July 14-18; Orlando, FL. Orlando, FL: International Institute of Informatics and Systemics: 373-378. Baker, Karen S.; Benson, Barbara J.; Henshaw, Don L.; Blodgett, Darrell; Porter, John H.; Stafford, Susan G. 2000. Evolution of a multisite network information system: the LTER information management paradigm. BioScience. 50(11): 963-978. Henshaw, Donald L.; Spycher, Gody. 1999. Evolution of ecological metadata structures at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site. In: Aguirre-Bravo, Celedonio; Franco, Carlos Rodriguez, eds. North American science symposium: toward a unified framework for inventorying and monitoring forest ecosystem resources; 1998 November 2-6; Guadalajara, Mexico. Proceedings RMRS-P-12. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 445-449. Brunt, James; McCartney, Peter; Gage, Stuart; Henshaw, Don. 2004. LTER Network Data Policy Revision: Report and Recommendations. Albuquerque, NM: LTER Network Office. 12 p. [Online: http://intranet.lternet.edu/modules.php?name=UpDownload&req=viewsdownload&sid=19] D. Synergistic Activities Member of the LTER Executive Board, 2005-Present; the LTER Information Management (IM) Executive Committee; and past-Chair of the LTER Network Information System Advisory Committee (NISAC), 2003-2007 Development leader for the NSF/USFS-funded cross-site climate and hydrology data warehouse and data harvesting system (ClimDB/HydroDB) Member of the writing team for the LTER Decadal Plan and co-author of the LTER Strategic Plan for Cyberinfrastructure Instructor for the development of ecoinformatics expertise within the East Asian Pacific (EAP) International LTER program in collaboration with Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (TFRI) Director of Information Management for the Andrews Experimental Forest LTER site including the Forest Science Data Bank (FSDB), a data repository and information system featuring over 250 ecological databases in partnership with the Oregon State University College of Forestry DAVID W. HULSE Department of Landscape Architecture, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, 5234 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-5234 Phone: 541-346-3672 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Colorado State University Landscape Architecture B.S.L.A. 1981 Harvard University Landscape Architecture (Distinction) M.L.A. 1984 B. Appointments 2004-present Philip H. Knight Professor, Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR. 1999-present Professor, Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR. 1995-2000 Department Head, Dept. of Landscape Architecture, University of Oregon. 1985-1999 Assistant/Associate Professor, Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Oregon. 1984-85 Fulbright Scholar/Visiting Assistant Professor, Universita' di Firenze, Florence, Italy C. Publications (5 significant examples) D. Hulse, A. Branscomb, C. Enright. (in review) Anticipating floodplain trajectories through alternative futures analysis. Journal of Landscape Ecology. J. Bolte, D. Hulse, S. Gregory And C. Smith. 2007. Modeling biocomplexity -- actors, landscapes and alternative futures. Env. Modeling and Software. 22(5) 570-579. D. Hulse, S. Gregory. 2004. Integrating resilience into floodplain restoration. Journal of Urban Ecology. Special Issue on Large-Scale Ecosystem Studies: Emerging trends in urban and regional ecology, vol. 7, pp. 295-314. D. Hulse, A. Branscomb, S. Payne. 2004. Envisioning Alternatives: using citizen guidance to map future land and water use. Journal of Ecological Applications. v. 14, no. 2, pp. 325-341. J. Baker, D. Hulse, S. Gregory, D. White, J. Van Sickle, P.A. Berger, D. Dole, N.H. Schumaker. 2004. Alternative futures for the Willamette River Basin, Oregon. Journal of Ecological Applications. v. 14, no. 2, pp. 313-324. D. Synergistic Activities • Co-Principal Investigator of a multi-university/federal agency consortium, The Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research Consortium, funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The PNW- ERCs goal is to understand ecological consequences of possible societal decisions related to changes in human populations and ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest and to develop transferable tools to support management of ecosystems at multiple spatial scales. The research efforts of the Consortium are being integrated with public policy guidance from two citizen groups appointed by Oregon’s Governor, the Willamette Valley Livability Forum and the Willamette River Basin Restoration Task Force, to develop and evaluate a set of plausible alternative future land use options for the Willamette River Basin for the year 2050. • Co- Principal Investigator of a multi-university U.S. Environmental Protection Agency CSTNS grant to simultaneously derive water temperature reductions, terrestrial and aquatic habitat enhancements, increased recreation and improved non-structural flood storage from restoration projects in large river floodplains. • Co- Principal Investigator of a multi-university National Science Foundation Biocomplexity grant to create an agent-based model, named Evoland, to determine the impacts of human land use activities in the flood plains of large rivers. Evoland was used in this work to evaluate the effectiveness of land use, economic, and conservation policies to meet socioeconomic and ecological goals. SHERRI L. JOHNSON Research Ecologist, US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 Telephone: 541-758-7771; Email: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation University of Montana, Environmental Biology, B.A., with Honors, 1989 University of Oklahoma, Department of Zoology, M.S., 1991 University of Oklahoma, Department of Zoology, Ph.D., 1995 B. Appointments Research Ecologist, USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 2001-present Courtesy Professor, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 2001- present Assistant Research Professor, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 1999-2001 Research Associate, Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, 1998 NSF Post-Doctoral Fellow, Oregon State University, 1996-1998. Post-doctoral research scientist, University of Oklahoma, 1995-1996. Centennial Research Assistant, Department of Zoology, OU, 1991- 1995. Graduate research assistant, Science and Public Policy Program, OU, 1993. Graduate research assistant, Oklahoma Biological Survey, 1989-1991. Groundwater hydrologist, Hamilton, Montana, 1988-1989.

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Hood, E., M. N. Gooseff, and S.L. Johnson. 2006. Changes in the character of stream water dissolved organic carbon during flushing in three small watersheds, Oregon, J. Geophys. Res., 111, G01007, doi:10.1029/2005JG000082. Frady, C., S. Johnson, J. Li. 2007. Stream macroinvertebrate community responses as legacies of forest harvest at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. Forest Science 53(2):281-293. Johnson, S.L. 2004. Factors influencing stream temperatures in small streams: substrate effects and a shading experiment. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61:913-923. Ashkenas, L.R., S.L. Johnson, S.V. Gregory, J.L. Tank, and W.M. Wollheim. 2004. A stable isotope tracer study of nitrogen uptake and transformation in an old-growth forest stream. Ecology 85:1725-1739. Johnson, S.L. and J.A. Jones. 2000. Stream temperature response to forest harvest and debris flows in western Cascades, Oregon. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, supplement 2, 30-39. D. Synergistic Activities - Lead Scientist for H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest for USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station and co-PI for Andrews Long-Term Ecological Research project, funded through NSF DEB. Interdisciplinary collaboration for study of forest-stream interactions and training of graduate students, outreach to forest managers and international colleagues. - Intersite collaboration and development of novel methods using 15N isotopes to quantify processes controlling nitrogen uptake, retention, and transformations in streams. Lotic Intersite Nitrogen Experiment group has been conducting cross-site research since 1998 through LINXI and LINXII experiments. Training of graduate students and postdocs important part of the research activities. Multiple cross-site publications - Co-Science Lead for the Trask River Watershed Study, a collaboration involving scientists and land managers at Oregon State University, Weyerhaeuser Corporation, USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, EPA Western Ecology Division, Oregon Department of Forestry, and other state agencies. This interdisciplinary group is evaluating best management practices for forest harvest and responses of stream ecosystems for a long term (15+yr) project. JULIA A. JONES Professor, Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 Phone: 541-737-1224 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Hampshire College Economic Development BA, 1977 Johns Hopkins School for Advanced International Study International Relations MA, 1979 Johns Hopkins University Geography and Environmental Engineering PhD, 1983 B. Appointments Director, Ecosystem Informatics Strategic Initiative, 2005- Director, Ecosystem Informatics IGERT, 2003- Director, Geography Program, 2004- Professor, Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, 2001- Associate Professor, Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, 1992-2001. Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Forest Science, OSU. NSF VPW, 1991-1992. Associate Professor (1990-91) and Assistant Professor (1983-90), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara.

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Jones, J.A. and R.M. Perkins. In review. Extreme flood sensitivity to climate variability, snow, and forest cover in western Oregon. Water Resources Research. Perkins, R.M. and J.A. Jones. In review. Climate variability, snow and physiographic controls on storm hydrographs in small, forested basins, western Cascades, Oregon. Hydrological Processes. Czarnomski, N.M., D.M. Dreher, J.A. Jones and F.J. Swanson. In review. Landscape-scale dynamics of wood in stream networks of the western Cascades, Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. Watterson, N.A. and J.A. Jones. 2006. Flood and debris flow interactions with roads promote exotic plant invasion in steep mountain streams, western Oregon. Geomorphology, 78, 107-123. Jones, J.A. and D.A. Post. 2004. Seasonal and successional streamflow response to forest cutting and regrowth in the northwest and eastern United States. Water Resources Research, 40, W05203, doi:10.1029/2003WR002952. D. Synergistic Activities Director, Ecosystem Informatics Strategic Initiative, OSU ($1.5 million, 2005-2010). Hired four tenure- track Assistant Professors and developed a graduate minor an in Ecosystem Informatics (http://ecoinformatics.oregonstate.edu/new/juniorfaculty.html), (http://catalog.oregonstate.edu/MinorDetail.aspx?minor=6340&college=08). PI and director, Ecosystem Informatics IGERT, offering PhD fellowships for studies integrating natural science, mathematics and computer science. (www.ecoinformatics.oregonstate.edu) Co-PI and co-director, undergraduate Summer Institute in Ecosystem Informatics, bringing together talented students from ecology, mathematics, and computer science to study key problems in ecology and informatics (http://eco-informatics.engr.oregonstate.edu/) Development of intersite capacity for hydrology and climate studies including as PI, Streamflow hydrology comparisons and synthesis at long-term ecological research sites -- links with climate, ecosystems, and stream ecology, NSF Long Term Studies. 1996-98. $171,364. Development of curriculum and draft textbook, "Spatial statistics in earth science and ecology" for publication with Oxford University Press. Class taught to ~15 graduates/yr for 15 years. MARKUS KLEBER Assistant Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Science, 3067 Agricultural and Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Phone: 541 737 5718 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Universitaet Hohenheim Agricultural Biology Diplom-Agrarbiologe, 1992 (MS) Universitaet Hohenheim Soil Science Dr. sc. agr. 1997 (PhD) Universitaet Halle/Wittenberg Soil Science Dr. habil. 2004 (Habilitation)

B. Appointments Assistant Professor, Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, 2006 – present Geological Scientist, Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2005-2006 Scientist, Institute of Soil Landscape Research, Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape and Land Use Research, Müncheberg, Germany, 2004 Research Associate, Institute for Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Martin Luther Universität Halle- Wittenberg, Halle, Germany 1998-2004 Postdoctoral Research Associate, Institut for Soil Science, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 1996-97 MS and Ph.D Soil Science at Institut for Soil Science, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 1988- 96 Line Pilot, German Navy, Shipborne Helicopter Squadron 3, Naval Air Wing 3, Nordholz, Germany, 1978- 88

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Bird, J. A., Kleber, M. and M. S. Torn. 2008. 13C and 15N stabilization dynamics among soil organic matter fractions during needle and fine root decomposition. Organic Geochemistry. In press – available online. Kögel-Knabner, I., Guggenberger G., Kleber, M., Kandeler, E., Kalbitz, K., Scheu, S., Eusterhues, K. and P. Leinweber. 2008. The importance of organo-mineral associations for carbon stabilization in temperate soils: integrating organic matter chemistry, soil mineralogy and soil microbiology. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. In press. Kleber, M., Sollins, P. and R. Sutton. 2007. A conceptual model of organo-mineral interactions in soils: Self-assembly of organic molecular fragments into zonal structures on mineral surfaces. Biogeochemistry, 85: 9-24 Mikutta R., Kleber M., Torn M. and Jahn R. 2006. Stabilization of Soil Organic Matter: Association with Minerals or Chemical Recalcitrance? Biogeochemistry, 77: 25-56. Sollins P, Swanston C, Kleber M, Filley T, Kramer M, Crow S, Caldwell BA, Lajtha K, and R. Bowden. 2006. Organic C and N stabilization in a forest soil: Evidence from sequential density fractionation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38: 3313-3324. D. Synergistic Activities • German Representative Management Committee COST ACTION 622 “Soil Resources of European Volcanic Systems” 2000-2004 • Co-chair, Division 7 “Mineralogy” of the German Soil Science Society 2003-2005 DENISE LACH Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Phone: 541-737-5471 E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation University of Minnesota English/Education BA/1976 University of Oregon Sociology MS/1988 Ph.D./1992

B. Appointments 2004- Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 1996-2004 Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 2003-2005 Associate Director, Institute for Natural Resources, OSU. 2003- External Fellow of the James Martin Institute for Science and Civilization. Oxford University. 2000-2005 Co-Director, Center for Water and Environmental Sustainability, OSU 1999-00 Interim Director, Center for the Analysis of Environmental Change, OSU. 1996-99 Director, Human Dimensions Program, Center for the Analysis of Environmental Change, OSU. 1992-95 Research Sociologist, Battelle Seattle Research Centers, Seattle, WA.

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Lackey, Robert, Denise Lach, and Sally Duncan, eds. 2006. Salmon 2100: The Future of Wild Pacific Salmon. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society. Steel, Brent, Denise Lach, and Vijay Satyal. 2006. “Ideology and Scientific Credibility: Environmental Policy in the Pacific Northwest.” Public Understanding of Science 14: 1-15. Duncan, Sally and Denise Lach. 2006. Privileged Knowledge and Social Change: Effects on Different Participants of Using Geographic Information Systems Technology in Natural Resource management. Environmental Management 38(2): 267-285. Lach, Denise, Steve Rayner, and Helen Ingram. 2005. “Taming the Waters: Strategies to Domesticate the Wicked Problems of Water Resource Management.” The International Journal of Water 3(1): 1- 17. Steel, Brent, Peter List, Denise Lach, and Bruce Shindler. 2004. “The Role of Scientists in the Environmental Policy Process: A Case Study from the American West.” Environmental Science and Policy 7(1): 1-13.

D. Synergistic Activities Co-Director, along with Ken Williamson, Ph.D. (Civil Engineering) of an inter-disciplinary research center of Oregon State University. In addition to managing research projects funded by the USGS, EPA, and NSF, the Center for Water and Environmental Sustainability (CWESt) serves as a catalyst for interdisciplinary research at OSU. Associate Director of the Institute for Natural Resources, an interdisciplinary research center at OSU that links information to policy questions related to natural resources. Work with federal and state agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector to address emerging issues in resource management. Member of the Water Management Science Board, California Bay Delta Authority. Planned and facilitated two three day workshops at the Marine Biological Lab at Woods Hole, MA for social and natural scientists regarding interdisciplinary work, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. KATE LAJTHA Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Cordley Hall 2082 Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902

Phone: (541) 737-5674 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Harvard University Biology A.B., 1979 Duke University Botany Ph.D., 1986 B. Appointments 2003-present: Director, Environmental Sciences Program, Oregon State University 2000-present: Professor, Dept. Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University 1995-2000: Associate Professor, Dept. Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University 1993–1995: Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Boston University Associate Director, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies; Director, Environmental Science Major 1987–1993: Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Boston University

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Crow, S. E., C. W. Swanston, K. Lajtha, J. R. Brooks, and H. Keirstead. 2007. Density fractionation of forest soils: methodological questions and interpretation of incubation results and turnover time in an ecosystem context. Biogeochemistry 85:69-90. Crow, S. E., E. W. Sulzman, W.D. Rugh, R.D. Bowden, and K. Lajtha. 2006. Isotopic analysis of respired CO2 during decomposition of separated soil organic matter pools. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 3279-3291 Sollins, P., C. Swanston, M. Kleber, T. Filley, M. Kramer, S. Crow, B. Caldwell, K. Lajtha, and R. Bowden. 2006. Organic C and N stabilization in a forest soil: evidence from sequential density fractionation Soil Biology and Biochemistry38:3313-3324. Lajtha, K., S. Crow, Y. Yano, S.S. Kaushal, E.W. Sulzman, P. Sollins, and J.D.H. Spears. 2005. Detrital controls on soil solution N and dissolved organic matter in soils: a field experiment. Biogeochemistry, 76:261-281. Yano, Y., K. Lajtha, P. Sollins, and B.A. Caldwell. 2005. Chemistry and Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Temperate Coniferous Forest on Andic Soils: Effects of Litter Quality. Ecosystems 8: 286 – 300.

D. Synergistic Activities • Editor-in-Chief, Biogeochemistry • Panel Member, NSF DEB Ecosystems (2004 – 2008) • Member, US-ILTER (International Long-Term Ecosystem Research) National Committee (to present) • American Geophysical Union (AGU) Session co-convener, Soil Carbon: Mechanisms of Stabilization (2007) • Workshop Co-convener, LTER All-scientists Meeting. Estes Park, Co. (2006) KATHRYN A. LYNCH Co-Director, Environmental Leadership Program, 5223 University of Oregon. Eugene, OR 97403. Phone: 541-346-5070 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation

University of California, Davis Environmental Policy Analysis & Planning BS 1992 University of Florida Latin American Studies, Tropical Conservation MA 1995 University of Florida Anthropology PhD 2001

B. Appointments

Co-Director, Environmental Leadership Program, University of Oregon. Sept. 2005-present. Research Partner, Institute for Culture and Ecology, 2001- Sept. 2005. Graduate Research Assistant, Gender, Environment Program. University of Florida. 1998-2000.

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Lynch, Kathryn A. 2005. Nontimber Forest Products Curriculum Workbook. Portland, OR: IFCAE.

Lynch, Kathryn A., Eric T. Jones and Rebecca J. McLain. 2004. Nontimber Forest Product Inventorying and Monitoring in the United States: Rationale and Recommendations for a Participatory Approach. Portland, OR: IFCAE. Report submitted to the National Commission on Science for Sustainable Forestry. www.ifcae.org/ncssf1/

Lynch, Kathryn A. and Rebecca J. McLain. 2003. Access, Labor and Wild Floral Greens Management in western Washington’s Forests. General Technical Report, PNW-GTR-585. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 61 p. http://ifcae.org/publications/downloads/PNW-GTR-585-July03.pdf

Jones, Eric T. and Kathryn A. Lynch. 2002. “The Relevance of Sociocultural Variables to Nontimber Forest Product Research, Policy and Management.” In Eric T. Jones, Rebecca McLain and James Wiegand, eds. Nontimber Forest Products in the United States. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press. Pp. 26-51.

Lynch, Kathryn A. 2001. Environmental Education and Conservation in southern Ecuador: Constructing an Engaged Political Ecology Approach.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, Univ. of Florida. http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0000331/lynch_k.pdf

D. Synergistic Activities

Activity #1. As Co-Director of the Environmental Leadership Program, I have developed 8 service- learning partnerships with a range of organizations (Federal, State, local non-profits). Of relevance to this grant are the Environmental Education Initiative projects, which give undergraduates an opportunity to develop and implement interdisciplinary educational units about four different ecosystems, working in collaboration with the US Forest Service, Oregon State Parks, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, and the Willamette Resources & Educational Network. Activity # 2. As a member of the University of Oregon’s Road’s Scholars Program, I have been invited to give community lectures throughout Oregon on my on-going research. CHRISTOPHER J. MARSHALL Curator/Collections Manager; Oregon State Arthropod Collection, Dept. Zoology; 3029 Cordley Halll, OSU, Corvallis OR 97330-2914 Phone: 541-737-4349 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Reed College Biology BA 1989 Harvard University Entomology/MCZ non-degree 1992 Cornell University Entomology PhD, 2000 Smithsonian Institutions Postdoctoral Fellow 2002-2004 Field Museum Nat. History Postdoctoral Fellow 2004-2005 B. Appointments Curator/Collections Manager; Oregon State Arthropod Collection, Dept. Zoology; 2005-present C. Publications (5 significant examples) Poinar, G.O. Jr., C.J. Marshall and R.Buckley. (2007, accepted) One hundred million years of chemical warfare by insects. Journal of Chemical Ecology. Nguyen, N.H., S.O. Suh, C.J.Marshall, and M.Blackwell. 2006. Morphological and ecological similarities: wood-boring beetles associated with novel xylose-fermenting yeasts, Spathaspora passalidarum gen.nov., sp.nov. and Candida jeffriesii sp. nov. Mycological Research.110: 1232-1241. Sung-Oui,S., C.J.Marshall, et al. (2003). Wood ingestion by passalid beetles in the presence of xylose- fermenting gut yeasts. Molecular Ecology 12(11): 3137-3145. Marshall, C.J., J.K. Liebherr. 1999. Cladistic biogeography of the Mexican transition zone. Journal of Biogeography 207: 203-218. McHugh, J. V., C.J. Marshall, F.L.Fawcett. 1997. A study of adult morphology in Megalodacne heros (Say) (Coleoptera: Erotylidae). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 123(4), 167-223. D. Synergistic Activities

(1) P.I. on Coleoptera Survey of Olympic National Park – National Park Service Award (2007-2009)

(2) Coordinator for the Entomological Collections Network (2005 - present) – a national professional organization devoted to the sharing of ideas on the management and operation of natural history & entomology collections and supporting specimen-based research at these museums. (3) President of the Oregon Entomological Society (2006 - present) – an organization supporting professional and non-professional entomological research, insect appreciation and conservation. (4) Instructor: Insect Biology and Field Methods in Entomology (5) Investigator: Biogeography of Pacific Northwest Insects – currently working on a synthesis of the patterns of insect distributions related to the Geological, Climatological and Ecological history of the Pacific Northwest. JOHN D. MARSHALL Professor, University of Idaho, Department of Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844-1133 Phone: 208-885-6695 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Michigan State University Forestry B.S. 1978 Michigan State University Forestry M.S. 1980 Oregon State University Forest Science Ph.D. 1985 University of Utah Biology Post-doc 1988-1990 B. Appointments Professor, Department of Forest Resources, University of Idaho, 2000-present. Associate Professor, Department of Forest Resources, University of Idaho, 1995-2000. Assistant Professor, Departent of Forest Resources, University of Idaho, 1990-1995. Senior Research Scientist, Department of Environmental Science, General Motors Research Labs, 1985- 1988. C. Publications (5 significant examples) Marshall, J. D., and R. A. Monserud. 1996. Homeostatic gas-exchange parameters inferred from 13C/12C in tree rings of conifers during the twentieth century. Oecologia 105:13-21.

Monserud, R.A., and J.D. Marshall. 1999. Allometric crown relations in three North Idaho conifers. Can. J. For. Res. 29:521-535.

Cernusak, L.A., J.D. Marshall, N.J. Balster, and J. Comstock. 2001. Carbon isotope discrimination in photosynthetic bark. Oecologia 128:34-45.

Marshall, J.D., and R.A. Monserud. 2003. Vertical trends in specific leaf area of three conifer species. Can. J. For. Res. 33:164-170.

Marshall, J.D., J.R. Brooks, and K. Lajtha. 2007. Sources of variation in the stable isotope composition of plants. Pages 22-60 in: (R. Michener and K. Lajtha, eds.) Stable isotopes in ecology and environmental science, 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA.

D. Synergistic Activities Co-PI on funded grant proposal to incorporate use of clickers into large-class teaching, specifically applied to Ecology. Balster, N.J., A.C. Covert, L.K. Horne, D. Laughmann, and J.D. Marshall. 2001. Mini poplar ecosystems: A collaborative learning tool in natural resources education. J. Nat. Res, Life Sci. Edu 30:1-8.

Mentor for NSF REU students, Summer 2006 and 2007. Lab group includes two female Hispanic graduate students, one Native American student, one Asian student, and three other women. JEFFERY J. MCDONNELL Professor and Richardson Chair in Watershed Science, Department of Forest Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon Phone: 541-737-8720 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation 1989- Ph.D., Forest Hydrology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. 1985- M.Sc., Watershed Ecosystems, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada. 1983- B.Sc. (Hon.), Physical Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. B. Appointments Professor and Richardson Chair in Watershed Science, Department of Forest Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 1999- Associate Professor (1993-97) and Professor (1997-99) of Hydrology, State University of New York (SUNY), Syracuse, New York. 1993-99 Assistant Professor of Forest Hydrology, Watershed Science Unit, Department of Forest Resources, Utah State University 1989-93 C. Publications (5 significant examples) Dunn, S., J.J. McDonnell and K. Vaché 2007. Factors influencing streamwater residence time: A virtual experiment approach. Water Resources Research, Vol 43m /r06408, doi 10.1029/2006 WR005393. McGuire, K. J., J. J. McDonnell, M. Weiler, C. Kendall, J. M. Welker, B. L. McGlynn, and J. Seibert. 2005. The role of topography on catchment-scale water residence time. Water Resources Research. 41, doi:10.10292004WR003657. McGuire, K.J., M. Weiler, J.J. McDonnell. 2007, Integrating tracer experiments with modeling to assess runoff processes and water transit times. Advances in Water Resources. 30(4)824-837. Uchida T., J.J. McDonnell and Y. Asano. 2005. Functional intercomparison of hillslopes and small catchments constrained by water source, flowpath and mean residence time. Water Resources Research, 40 W12401, doi:10.1029/2003WR00. Tromp-van Meerveld, H.J. and J.J. McDonnell. 2006. On the interactions between the spatial patterns of topography, soil moisture, transpiration and species distribution at the hillslope scale. Advances in Water Resources. 29: 292-310. D. Synergistic Activities Invited visiting professor at several universities and institutes: TU Delft Fellow and Visiting Professor, Delft The Netherlands (2006); Swedish National Science Foundation, University of Stockholm (STINT Fellow, 2005); Center for Environmental Fluid Dynamics, University of Western Australia (Gledden Fellow, 2003); Institute of Hydrology, Freiburg University (2000). Multiple editorships: Associate Editor, Hydrology and Earth System Science (2005- ); Associate Editor, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, ASCE (2003-5); Editor-in-Chief, Benchmark Papers in Hydrological Sciences (2004- ); Senior Advisory Editor, Encyclopedia of Hydrology (2004); Editor, Hydrological Processes (1999-05); Associate Editor, Hydrological Sciences Journal, IAHS Press.(1999- ); Associate Editor, Journal of Hydrology, Elsevier Science Publishers (1997- ); International/National Committees and Commissions: Chair, Science Steering Group SSG, International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Prediction in Ungauged Basin (PUB) Initiative (2005- ); Chair, Working Group on Watershed Instrumentation, UC Berkeley National Hydrological Synthesis Center (2004- ); Chair, PUB Working Group on Slope Intercomparison Experiment (SLICE) (2004- ); Member, PUB Working Group on Hydrological Theory (2004- ); Member, UN Committee on IDP-PUB relations (2004- ); USA Representative, UNESCO HELP Program and network of hydrological observatories (2004- );IAPSO-IAHS Joint Commission on Groundwater-Seawater Interactions (2003-) ROBERT B. MCKANE Research Ecologist, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR, 97333 Phone: 541-754-4631 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation University of Minnesota Forest Resources BS, 1976 University of Washington Forest Soils MS, 1983 University of Minnesota Soil Science PhD, 1991 Marine Biological Laboratory Ecosystem Ecology Postdoc, 1990-1995 B. Appointments Research Ecologist, USEPA, Corvallis, OR, 1998–present Research Associate, National Research Council, USEPA, Corvallis, OR, 1995–1997 Post-Doctoral Research Associate, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 1990–1995 C. Publications (5 significant examples) Busing, R., A. Solomon, R. McKane and C. Burdick. 2007. Forest dynamics in western Oregon landscapes: evaluation and application of an individual-based model. Ecological Applications 17: 1967-1981. Stieglitz, M., R. McKane, and C. Klausmeier. 2006. A simple model for analyzing climatic effects on terrestrial carbon and nitrogen dynamics: An arctic case study. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 20: GB3016. McKane, R., L. Johnson, G. Shaver, K. Nadelhoffer, E. Rastetter, B. Fry, A. Giblin, K. Kielland, B. Kwiatkowski, J. Laundre, G. Murray. 2002. Resource-based niches provide a basis for plant species diversity and dominance in arctic tundra. Nature 415: 68-72. McKane, R., E. Rastetter, G. Shaver, K. Nadelhoffer, A. Giblin, J. Laundre, and F. Chapin III. 1997. Climatic effects on tundra carbon storage inferred from experimental data and a model. Ecology 78:1170-1187. Rastetter, E., R. McKane, G. Shaver, and J. Melillo. 1992. Changes in C storage by terrestrial ecosystems: How carbon-nitrogen interactions restrict responses to CO2 and temperature. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 64:327-344.

D. Synergistic Activities Activity #1: I have worked collaboratively at LTER sites throughout my career (Cedar Creek, Toolik Lake, Konza Prairie, Harvard Forest, and HJ Andrews), developing stable isotope techniques and simulation models that have established a better understanding of processes controlling ecosystem structure and function across forest, grassland and tundra biomes. This work has been published in high impact journals – Nature, Ecology, Ecological Applications, Oecologia, and others. A long-term goal of my work with the LTER community is to establish a set of tools for making cross-site comparisons of ecosystem response to environmental change. Activity #2: At EPA I have led several interdisciplinary projects to develop modeling tools for improving the scientific foundation for governmental policy decisions. To enable decisions that consider diverse ecological issues collectively rather than in isolation, I have worked collaboratively inside and outside of EPA to integrate process-based models linking hydrology, biogeochemistry, plant community ecology, and wildlife ecology. Developed over the past decade, this new modeling framework establishes an effective means for understanding and predicting human impacts (changes in climate, land use, land cover, etc.) on multiple ecosystem services and potential tradeoffs among those services – e.g., provision of agricultural and forest products, protection of water resources, reduction of greenhouse gases, and protection of biodiversity. JEFFREY C. MILLER Professor, Insect Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Rangeland Resources, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2218 Phone: 541-737-5508 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation California Polytechnic, San Luis Obispo, CA Foothill Junior College, Los Altos Hills, CA University of California, Davis, CA Entomology BS, 1973 University of California, Davis, CA Entomology Ph.D., 1977 University of California, Davis,CA Entomology 1977-1979

B. Appointments Professor, Department of Rangeland Ecology and Management, Oregon State University, 2003 -present. Professor, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, 1991-2003. Associate Professor, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, 1984-1991. Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, 1979-1984. Lecturer, Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, 1979. PostDoctoral Research, Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, 1977-1978.

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Poinar, G., Jr. and J.C. Miller. 2002. First fossil record of endoparasitism of adult ants (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) by Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95:41-43. Heyborne, W.H., J.C. Miller, and G.L. Parsons. 2003. Ground dwelling beetles and forest vegetation change over a 17-year-period, in western Oregon, USA. For. Ecol. and Manage. 179: 123-134. Miller, J.C. and P.C. Hammond. 2003. Caterpillars and Adult Lepidoptera of Northwest Forests and Woodlands. USDA, USFS, FHTET 2003-03. Miller, J.C, P.C. Hammond, and D.N.R. Ross. 2003. Distribution and Functional Roles of Rare and Uncommon Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae) Across A Coniferous Forest Landscape. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 96: 847-855. http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/pubs/webdocs/reports/pub3739.cfm?topnav=55 Miller, J.C. 2004. Insect life history strategies: reproduction and survival. The Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science.

D. Synergistic Activities Publication via Harvard University press as senior author on two books oriented to the public highlighting the accomplishments and biological legacy of conservation efforts conducted by Dan Janzen and Winifred Hallwachs in Costa Rica since 1978. Publication via US Forest Service of four field-guide style books on the taxonomy and ecology of Lepidoptera in Pacific Northwest forests. Intended audience is the general public. Establishment of the protocol and analytical procedures, including mapping, for assessing long-term monitoring of a species assemblage in excess of 500 species. International collaboration with scientists in Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand in an attempt to establish a network for long-term monitoring of insect biodiversity such that the data are standardized, consistent and relevant to human, ecological, and scientific issues. Teach techniques of digital photography of plants and animals and editing of digital graphics for inclusion in oral/written presentations of biodiversity/conservation projects. ANDREW R. MOLDENKE Research Professor, Dept of Botany, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR Phone: 541-737-5496 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Wesleyan University B.A. Biology 1962-1966 University of Kansas Entomology 1966-1967 Stanford University Ph.D. Biol. Sci. 1967-1971

B. Appointments Research Professor of Botany Oregon State University 2003-present (part) Research Associate of Entomology Oregon State University 1985-2003 (part-time) Asst. Professor of Entomology Oregon State University 1982-1984 (part-time) Asst. Professor of Biology Univ. California, Santa Cruz 1971-1977

C. Publications (5 significant examples) 38 journal articles; 11 book chapters; 1 book; 5 technical reports; 8 copyrighted educational videos; 1 copyrighted computer program.

Larios, E., HL. Deng, A.R. Moldenke et al. 2007. Automated insect identification through concatenated histograms of local appearance features. Machine Vision Appl. (accepted). Moldenke, A.R. and C. Ver Linden. 2007. Effects of clearcutting and riparian buffers on the yield of adult aquatic macroinvertebrates from headwater streams. Forest Sci. 53: 308-319. Rykken, J.J., S.S. Chan and A.R. Moldenke and D.H. Olson. 2007.Headwater riparian microclimate patterns under alternate forest management treatments. For. Sci. 53: 270-280. Hobbie, E.A., P.T. Rygiewicz, A.R. Moldenke et al. 2007. Elevated CO2 in nitrogen-limited ecosystems increases carbon cycling through soil foodwebs without increasing carbon storage. (submitted) Yi., H. and A. R. Moldenke. 2007. Response of soil arthropods to different intensities of thinning in Oregon. Applied Entomology (accepted).

D. Synergistic Activities 1) Co-PI, NSF program to tutor high-school, middle-school science teachers and professional environmental educators during 6 week summer program in hands-on field ecology monitoring with professional forest ecologists; 2) editor for Pedobiologia 2004-present; 3) co-developer of BugWing@ a semi-automated identification tool based on insect wings; co-developer of BugBytes@ a matrix-based identification system for pollinators and soil arthropods; co-developer of a fully automated system of insect identification based on computer image analysis (in progress); 4) Co-Coordinator, NSF summer REU Program, Andrews Forest LTER, 1992-1998; Consulting editor, Pedobiologia: International Journal of Soil Biology 1999-2005; 5) Consultant for initiation of Long Term Ecological Programs in Japan, Korea, Taiwan & Australia 2003- 2008

DAVID D. MYROLD Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Science 3017 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331-7306

Phone: 541-737-5737 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Michigan Technological University Forestry B.S. 1977 Washington State University Soil Science M.S. 1979 Michigan State University Microbiology Ph.D. 1984 B. Appointments Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 1995-present Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Oregon State University, 1989-1995 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Oregon State University, 1984-1989

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Boyle, S.A., R.R. Yarwood, P.J. Bottomley, and D.D. Myrold. 2008. Bacterial and fungal contributions to soil nitrogen cycling under Douglas fir and red alder at two sites in Oregon. Soil Biol. Biochem. 40:443-451. Brant, J.B., E.W. Sulzman, and D.D. Myrold. 2006. Microbial community utilization of added carbon substrates in response to long-term carbon input manipulation. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38:2219–2232. Rich J.J., R.S. Heichen, P.J. Bottomley, K. Cromack, Jr., and D.D. Myrold. 2003. Community composition and functioning of denitrifying bacteria from adjacent meadow and forest soils. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:5974-5982. Mintie, A.T., R.S. Heichen, K. Cromack, Jr., D.D. Myrold, and P.J. Bottomley. 2003. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria along meadow-to-forest transects in the Oregon Cascade mountains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:3129-3136. Hart, S.C., G.E. Nason, D.D. Myrold, and D.A. Perry. 1994. Dynamics of gross nitrogen transformations in an old-growth forest: The carbon connection. Ecology 75:880-891.

D. Synergistic Activities Director, OSU IGERT Subsurface Biosphere program, 2006-present Technical Editor or Editor, Soil Science Society of America, 2002-present Member of Editorial Board, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999-2007 Teacher in Postgraduate Course on Stable Isotopes in Soil Science, Plant Ecology, and Biosphere- Atmosphere Exchange, Umeå, Sweden, 2003 Manager of USDA/NRICGP Soils and Soil Biology Panel, 1995 ANNE W. NOLIN Associate Professor, Oregon State University, Dept. of Geosciences, Wilkinson 104, Corvallis, OR 97331 Phone: 541-737-8051 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation University of Arizona Anthropology B.A., 1980 University of Arizona Soils, Water & Engineering M.S., 1987 University of California-Santa Barbara Geography Ph.D. 1993 University of Colorado CIRES Visiting Fellow Post-doc, 1994

B. Appointments Associate Professor, Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, 2006—present Assistant Professor, Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, 2002—2006 Research Scientist, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder 1996—2002

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Jefferson, A., A. W. Nolin, S. Lewis, and C. Tague, 2008, Hydrogeologic controls on streamflow sensitivity to climate variability, Hydrological Processes, in revision. Barry, R. G., R. Armstrong, J. Cherry, S. Gearhead, A. Nolin, D. Russell, and Christoph Zockler, 2007, Chapter 4: Snow in Global Outlook for Ice & Snow, United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP Job No. DEQ/0924/NA, UNEP/GRID, Arendal, Norway. Nolin, A. W. and C. Daly, 2006, Mapping “at-risk” snow in the Pacific Northwest, U. S. A., J. Hydrometeorol. 7, 1166-1173. Nolin, A. W., 2004, Towards retrieval of forest cover density over snow using the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), Hydrological Processes, 18, 3623-3636. Marshall, S., R. J Oglesby and A. W. Nolin, 2003, The predictability of winter snow cover over the western United States, J. Climate, 16, 1062-1073.

D. Synergistic Activities NASA Science Team Member, Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) Associate Director, Water Resources Graduate Program, Oregon State University Associate Editor, Journal of HydroMeteorology Member, Space Science Board, Committee on Earth Sciences, The National Academy of Science Executive Committee, American Geophysical Union Cryosphere Focus Group KARI B. O’CONNELL Forest Director, H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 Phone: 541-750-7324 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Gustavus Adolphus College Biology B.A., 1995 University of Wisconsin-Madison Forestry Ph.D., 2001 Oregon State University Forest Ecology 2001-2003 B. Appointments Forest Director, H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 2003-current. Postdoctoral Research Associate, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 2001-2003. Research Assistant, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1996–2001. Project Manager, Department of Rangeland Ecosystem Sciences, Colorado State University and Shortgrass Steppe (SGS) Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Site, 1995-1996. C. Publications (5 significant examples) Vogel, J.G., B. P. Bond-Lamberty, E.A. Schuur, S.T. Gower, M.C. Mack, K.B. O’Connell, D.W. Valentine, R.W. Ruess. In press. Plant carbon allocation varies with soil temperature in boreal black spruce forests: Implications for ecosystem response to climate change. Global Change Biology. Woolley, T.J., M.E. Harmon, K.B. O’Connell. In press. Estimating Annual Bole Biomass Production: Using Uncertainty Analysis. Forest Ecology and Management. O’Connell, K.E. Bisbee, S.T. Gower, and J.M. Norman. 2003. Comparison of carbon and light use dynamics of two boreal black spruce forest communities. Ecosystems 6: 236-247. O’Connell, K.E. Bisbee, S.T. Gower, and J.M. Norman. 2003. Net ecosystem production of two contrasting boreal black spruce forest communities. Ecosystems 6: 248-260. Bisbee, K.E., S.T. Gower, J.M. Norman and E.V. Nordheim. 2001. Environmental controls on ground cover species composition and productivity in a boreal black spruce forest. Oecologia 129: 261-270. D. Synergistic Activities Mentored 3 undergraduate students who have completed independent research projects. Two have gone on to pursue graduate degrees. Mentored two high school biology teachers through the NSF-Research Experience for Teachers program. Led session on forest ecology for two workshops for K-12 teachers. In 2007, have organized 15+ undergraduate and graduate courses at the Andrews Experimental Forest. In 2007, I gave presentations highlighting forest and stream research of the Andrews Experimental Forest for over 400 people, including national leaders of the Forest Service, congressional staffers, K-12 teachers, members of the local community, and undergraduate students from nine universities. STEVEN S. PERAKIS Research Ecologist, US Geological Survey - Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 Phone: 541-758-8786 E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation University of Pennsylvania Systems Science B.S. 1990 University of Washington Environmental Science M.S. 1994 Cornell University Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ph.D. 2000 Stanford University Biology / Biogeochemistry Post-Doc 2001

B. Appointments Research Ecologist, US Geological Survey, Biology Discipline, 2001-present Courtesy Professor, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 2001-present National Park Foundation Post-Doctoral Fellow, Dept of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 2000 NASA Fellow and Graduate Student, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 1994-2000 Graduate Student, Dept of Environmental Engineering and Science, University of Washington, 1992-1994 Research Technician, Department of Geology, University of Pennsylvania, 1991-1992 Staff Research Scientist, Philadelphia Water Department, PA, 1990-1991

C. Publications (5 related and 5 others) Perakis, S.S. and L.O. Hedin. 2007. State factor relationships of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen losses from unpolluted temperate forest watersheds. Journal of Geophysical Research – Biogeosciences, VOL. 112, doi:10.1029/2006JG000276 Perakis, S.S. and C.H. Kellogg. 2007. Imprint of oaks on nitrogen availability and δ15N in California grassland-savanna: a case of enhanced N inputs? Plant Ecology 191:209-220. Perakis, S.S., D.A. Maguire, T.D. Bullen, K. Cromack, R.H. Waring and J.R. Boyle. 2006. Coupled nitrogen and calcium cycles in forests of the Oregon Coast Range. Ecosystems 9:63-74. Rastetter, E.B., S.S. Perakis, G.R. Shaver and G.I. Agren. 2005. Terrestrial C sequestration at elevated CO2 and temperature: The role of dissolved organic N loss. Ecological Applications 15:71-86. Perakis, S.S. and L.O. Hedin. 2002. Nitrogen loss from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds. Nature 415:416-419.

D. Synergistic Activities Associate Editor, Biogeochemistry, 2005-present. Steering Committee, North American Forest Ecology Workshop, Corvallis, OR, 2003-2004 Steering Committee, Initial Planning Team, BIOGEOMON, Santa Cruz, CA, 2006 Expert Consultant, Soils Effects Analysis for the BLM Western Oregon Resource Management Plan Revisions, 2005 NCEAS Workshop member, Fate of Nitrogen Inputs to Terrestrial Ecosystems, Temperate Forest Subgroup co-leader, Santa Barbara, CA, 2005-2006 ANDREW J. PLANTINGA Associate Professor, Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon State University, 232B Ballard Extension Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-3601 Phone: 541-737-1423 Email: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Grinnell College English B.A. 1986 Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison Forestry M.S. 1988 Univ. of California-Berkeley Agric. and Resource Economics Ph.D 1995 B. Appointments Associate Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon State University, 7/04 to present (Assistant Professor, 1/01 to 7/04) Assistant Professor of Resource Economics and Policy, University of Maine, 9/95 – 12/00 Research Assistant, Resources for the Future, 1/90 – 12/90 Forester, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 9/88 – 9/89 C. Publications (5 significant examples) Nelson, E., Polasky, S., Lewis, D.J., Plantinga, A.J., Lonsdorf, E., White, D., Bael, D., and J. Lawler. 2007. Efficiency of Incentives to Provide Ecosystem Services. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, forthcoming. Lewis, D.J., and A.J. Plantinga. 2007. Policies to Reduce Habitat Fragmentation: Combining Econometric Models with GIS-Based Landscape Simulations. Land Economics 83(2):109-127 Lubowski, R.N., Plantinga, A.J., and R.N. Stavins. 2006. Land-Use Change and Carbon Sinks: Econometric Estimation of the Carbon Sequestration Supply Function. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 51(2):135-52 Plantinga, A.J., and J. Wu. 2003. Co-Benefits from Carbon Sequestration in Forests: Evaluating Reductions in Agricultural Externalities from an Afforestation Policy in Wisconsin. Land Economics 79(1):74-85 Matthews, S., O’Connor, R., and A.J. Plantinga. 2002. Quantifying the Impacts on Biodiversity of Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Forests. Ecological Economics 40(1):71-87 D. Synergistic Activities Development of numerous courses in environmental and resource economics for undergraduate and graduate students; supervision of research projects on environmental topics by undergraduate and graduate students; numerous presentations to academic and non-academic audiences on topics including biodiversity, climate change, land-use change, economics of land-use regulations, and economic impacts of public conservation lands. THOMAS G. PYPKER Assistant Professor, Michigan Tech, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, 1400 Townsend Dr., Noblet Building, Houghton, MI, 49931 Phone: 906-487-1089 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation McMaster University, Geography and Environmental Science, BSc., 1997. University of Northern B.C., Natural Resource Management, MSc., 2001 Oregon State University, Forest Ecology, Ph.D., 2005. Oregon State University, Post-Doc, Forest Micrometeorology and Ecology, 2005 to 2007. B. Appointments Assistant Professor, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Feb 2007 to present. C. Publications (5 significant examples) Pypker TG, M Hauck, EW Sulzman, M H Unsworth, A C Mix, Z Kayler, D Conklin, A Kennedy, HR Barnard, C Phillips and BJ Bond (in review) Toward using 13C of ecosystem respiration to monitor canopy physiology in complex terrain. Oecologia. Pypker TG, MH Unsworth, B Lamb, G Allwine, S Edburg, E Sulzman, AC Mix and BJ Bond (2007) Cold air drainage in a forested valley: investigating the feasibility of monitoring ecosystem metabolism. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 145, 149-166. Pypker, TG, MH Unsworth, AC Mix, W Rugh, T Ocheltree, K Alstad and BJ Bond (2007) Using nocturnal cold air drainage flow to monitor ecosystem processes in complex terrain: a pilot study on the carbon isotopic composition and advection of ecosystem respiration. Ecological Applications 17, 702-714. Fredeen, AL, JD Waughtal and TG Pypker (2007) When do replanted sub-boreal clearcuts become nets sinks for CO2? Forest Ecology and Management. 239, 210-216. Pypker, TG and AL Fredeen (2002) Ecosystem CO2 flux over two growing seasons for a sub-Boreal clearcut 5 and 6 years after harvest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 114, 15-30. D. Synergistic Activities Activity #1 – Course development: Forest and landscape hydrology, Environmental Biophysics Activity #2 – Equipment development and group synergy – Post–doctoral fellow on a multi-disciplinary research project that required: The development of a new automated air sampling system. Facilitating the interaction of researcher (faculty and graduate students) from four different departments to work collectively to monitor seasonal changes in carbon isotopic ratios of respiration and CO2 fluxes at multiple scales in a deeply incised watershed. Activity #3 – Reviewer for professional journals: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Forest Ecology and Management, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment ERIC W. SEABLOOM Assistant Professor, Dept. of Zoology, Oregon State University Phone: 541-737-3702 E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation The Evergreen State College BS 1986 The Evergreen State College Environmental Studies MES 1989 Iowa State University Ecology & Evolutionary Biology PhD 1997 UC Santa Barbara Post-doc 1997-2004

B. Appointments 2004-Present Assistant Professor. Department of Zoology, Oregon State University. 2004 Academic Visitor, Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, London. 1997-2004 Postdoctoral Fellow. National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California at Santa Barbara. 1992-97 Research Assistant. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ph.D. Program, Dept. of Botany, Iowa State University. 1992 Junior Scientist. U.S.F.W.S. Cooperative Research Unit, University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN. 1992 Research Assistant. U.S.F.W.S. Kawishiwi Field Lab. Ely, MN. 1991 Research Assistant. Monteverde, Costa Rica. 1991 Research Assistant. University of Mexico, Estacion de Biologia “Los Tuxtlas”, Veracruz, Mexico. 1989 Field Ecologist. Wetlands Section, Washington Dept. of Ecology, Olympia WA. 1988-89 Botanist. Washington Natural Heritage Program, Washington Dept. of Natural Resources

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Grace, J.B., T.M. Anderson, M.D. Smith, E. Seabloom, S.J. Andelman, G. Meche, E. Weiher, L.K. Allain, H. Jutila, M. Sankaran, J. Knops, M. Ritchie, M.R.. Willig. 2007. Toward a Multivariate Understanding of Plant Productivity and Diversity. Ecology Letters 10:680-689. Elser, J.J., M.E.S. Bracken, E.E. Cleland, D.S. Gruner, W.S. Harpole, H. Hillebrand, J.T. Ngai, E.W. Seabloom, J.B. Shurin, J.E. Smith. 2007. Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Ecology Letters 10:1-8. Hillebrand, H., D.S. Gruner, E. Borer, M.E.S. Bracken, E.E. Cleland , J.J. Elser, W.S. Harpole, J.T. Ngai, E.W. Seabloom, J.B. Shurin, J.E. Smith. 2007. Consumer versus resource control of producer diversity depends on ecosystem type and producer community structure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:10904-10909. Borer, E. T., E. W. Seabloom, and B. S. Halpern.. 2006. Asymmetry in community regulation: effects of predators and productivity. Ecology 87:2813-2820. Borer, E. T., E. W. Seabloom, J. B. Shurin, K. E. Anderson, C. A. Blanchette, B. Broitman, S. D. Cooper, and B. S. Halpern. 2005. What determines the strength of a trophic cascade? Ecology 86:528-537. D. Synergistic Activities • Advisor for 2 PhD. and 1 MS student and committee member for an additional 3 PhD and 5 MS students • Undergraduate advisor for Biology, Zoology, and General Science Pre-Vet students • Editor for Oikos • In the past year I have been a reviewer for the National Science Foundation, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Ecology Letters, Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, Public Library of Science, Journal of Ecology • In the past two years I have served on the graduate admissions, seminar, and curriculum committees for the Zoology Department. REBECCA S.H. KENNEDY Research Ecologist, USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis OR Phone: 541-750-7262 E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, English, B.A., 1991 University of Colorado, Boulder, Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, Post-Baccalaureate Studies, 1992-1994 University of Connecticut, Storrs, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate Studies, 1994-1995 Oregon State University, Forest Science, M.S., 1999 Oregon State University, Forest Science, Ph.D., 2005

B. Appointments 2007-present. Affiliate Faculty. Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University 2005-present. Research Ecologist. USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station 2001-2005. Research Ecologist Trainee. USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station 1995-2001. Graduate Research Assistant. Dept. of Forest Science, Oregon State University 1996. Graduate Teaching Assistant. Dept. of Forest Science, Oregon State University 1994-1995. Graduate Teaching Assistant. Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut 1993-1994. Research Assistant. Department of Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado 1993. Program Assistant. Graduate Teacher Program, Graduate School, University of Colorado

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Kennedy, Rebecca S.H., Thomas A. Spies and Matthew J. Gregory. 2008. Relationships of dead wood patterns with biophysical characteristics and ownership according to scale in Coastal Oregon, USA. Landscape Ecology 23: 55-68. Wimberly, M.C. and Rebecca S.H. Kennedy. In Press. Spatially Explicit Modeling of Mixed-Severity Fire Regimes and Landscape Dynamics in the Interior Pacific Northwest. Forest Ecology and Management. (Online August, 2007) Kennedy, Rebecca S.H. and Thomas A. Spies. 2007. An assessment of dead wood patterns and their relationships with biophysical characteristics in two landscapes with different disturbance histories in coastal Oregon (USA). Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 37: 940-956. Kennedy, Rebecca S.H. and Thomas A. Spies. 2005. Dynamics of hardwood patches in a conifer matrix: 54 years of change in a forested landscape in Coastal Oregon, USA. Biological Conservation 122: 363-374. Spies Thomas A., McComb Brenda C., Kennedy Rebecca S.H. McGrath Michael, Olsen Keith A. and Pabst Robert J. 2007. Potential effects of forest policies on terrestrial biodiversity in a multi-ownership province. Ecological Applications 17: 48-65.

D. Synergistic Activities • Kennedy, Rebecca S.H., Susan S. Hummel, Thomas A. Spies, Robert E. Keane, Michael C. Wimberly and Miles A. Hemstrom. 2007. Forest Management and climate effects on future vegetation patterns and fire risk in dry forest landscapes. Poster presented at conference, Dry Forests II: Applying new knowledge to Manage Fuels and Habitats in Eastside Forests, May 1-3 2007, Wenatchee, WA. • Kennedy, Rebecca S.H., Michael C. Wimberly, and Thomas A. Spies. 2007. Characterizing the historical range and variability of late-successional forest and fire severity in a large landscape in the interior Pacific Northwest using a landscape fire succession model. Paper presentation at: 22nd Annual Symposium of the U.S. Regional Chapter of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, Tucson AZ, April 9-13, 2007. JOHN S. SELKER Professor, Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University. Phone: 541-737-6304 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Ph.D., Agricultural Engineering, Hydrology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1991. M.S., Agricultural Engineering, Hydrology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1989. B.A., Physics (thesis), Reed College, Portland, Oregon, 1981 B. Appointments Professor, Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, OSU. 7/2000-present Professor Invité – EPFL Lausanne Switzerland 8/2005-7/2006 (sabbatical) Investigador Profesional, INIA Quilamapu , Chile 1/1998-12/1998 (sabbatical) Associate Professor, Department of Bioresource Engineering, OSU. 7/1995-6/2000 Assistant Professor, Department of Bioresource Engineering, OSU. 7/1991-6/1995 Post-doctoral Researcher, Agricultural Engineering, Cornell. 1/1991-7/1991 C. Publications (5 significant examples) Selker, J.S., L. Thévenaz, H. Huwald, A. Mallet, W. Luxemburg, N. van de Giesen, M. Stejskal, J. Zeman, and M. Westhoff, and M.B. Parlange. Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing for Hydrologic Systems. Wat. Resourc. Res. doi:10.1029/2006WR005326. 2006. Assouline, S., J.S. Selker and J.-Y. Parlange. A simple accurate method to predict time of ponding under variable intensity rainfall. Wat. Resourc. Res. doi:10.1029/2006WR005138. 2007 Westhoff, M.C., H.H.G. Savenije, W.M.J. Luzemburg, G.S. Stelling, N.C. van de Giesen, J.S. Selker, L. Pfister, and S. Uhlenbrook. A distributed stream temperature model using high resolution temperature observations. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1469-1480, 2007. McDonnell, J.J., M. Sivapalan, K. Vache, S. Dunn, G. Grant. R. Haggerty, C. Hinz, R. Hooper, J. Kirchner, M.L. Roderick, J.S. Selker, and M. Weiler. Moving Beyond Heterogeneity and Process Complexity: A New Vision for Watershed Hydrology. Wat. Resourc. Res. Doi:10.1029/2006WR005467.2007. Moffett, Kevan B., Scott W. Tyler, Thomas Torgersen, Manoj Menon, John S. Selker, and Steven M. Gorelick. Processes Controlling the Thermal Regime of Salt Marsh Channel Beds. In press as of Nov 2007. Environmental Science & Technology D. Synergistic Activities • Part of writing teams for two on-going NSF-IGERT grants at OSU (Subsurface biosphere and EcoInformatics). Serve on many program and student committees. • Coordination of hydrologic analysis of the 400x75 KM region of coastal Chile known as the “Secano Interior.” Working with Ministry of agriculture, University of Talca, University Catholica, and the Japanese National Aide Programme in the determination of distribution of surfical and subsurface water resources in this underdeveloped region. • Developed and tested passive capillary sampling techniques for observation of solute and water transport in unsaturated field soils. This technique is now widely used worldwide. • Collaborator with Marc Parlange and the EPFL departments of Environmental Engineering and Computer Science on the development of a MOTE-based environmental sensing platform to be widely distributed in Switzerland. SARAH L. SHAFER Research Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Phone: 541-750-7412 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Oberlin College Biology, Environmental Studies B.A. (1986) University of Oregon Environmental Studies M.S. (1993) University of Oregon International Studies M.A. (1996) University of Oregon Geography Ph.D. (2000) B. Appointments Research Geologist, Earth Surface Processes Team, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001-present Postdoctoral Research Associate, Dept. of Geography, Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, Sept. 2000- June 2001. C. Publications (5 significant examples) Bartlein, P. J., S. W. Hostetler, S. L. Shafer, J. O. Holman, and A. M. Solomon. (in press) Temporal and spatial structure in a daily wildfire-start data set from the western United States (1986-1996). International Journal of Wildland Fire. Shafer, S. L., P. J. Bartlein, and C. Whitlock. 2005. Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of global environmental change in mountain regions. In: U. Huber, H. K. M. Bugmann, and M. A. Reasoner (eds.), Global Change and Mountain Regions: A State of Knowledge Overview. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Diffenbaugh, N. S., L. C. Sloan, M. A. Snyder, J. L. Bell, J. Kaplan, S. L. Shafer, and P. J. Bartlein. 2003. Vegetation sensitivity to global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in a topographically complex region. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17(2), 1067, doi:10.1029/2002GB001974. Whitlock, C., S. L. Shafer, and J. Marlon. 2003. The role of climate and vegetation change in shaping past and future fire regimes in the northwestern U.S. and the implications for ecosystem management. Forest Ecology and Management 178:5-21. Shafer, S. L., P. J. Bartlein, and R. S. Thompson. 2001. Potential changes in the distributions of Western North America tree and shrub taxa under future climate scenarios. Ecosystems 4:200-215. D. Synergistic Activities Database development: Participated in the development of bioclimatic data for the modern pollen surface-sample database for North America (Whitmore et al., 2006). Eos Focus Group Subject Editor, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Focus Group, American Geophysical Union, 2002-present. DAVID C. SHAW Assistant Professor, Extension Forest Health Specialist, Dept. of Forest Science, Oregon State University Phone: 541-737-2845 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation

Northern Arizona University Biology BS, 1977 Western Washington University Biology, MS, 1982 University of Washington Forest Protection, Ph.D. 1991 B. Appointments

2005-Present. Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University. Assistant Professor, Forestry Extension, Forest Health Specialist, Director, Swiss Needle Cast Cooperative

1994-2005. Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility, University of Washington at the US Forest Service Wind River Experimental Forest, Carson, Washington. Research Scientist Senior, Research Manager, Site Director

1991-1994: Olympic Natural Resource Center, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington. Project Manager, Olympic Canopy Crane, Forks, WA.

C. Publications (5 significant examples) Shaw, D.C., K. Ernest, B. Rinker, M. Lowman. 2006. Stand level herbivory in an old-growth forest canopy. Western North American Naturalist 66: 473-481. Shaw, D.C., J. Chen, E. Freeman, and D. Braun. 2005. Spatial and population characteristics of dwarf mistletoe infected trees in an old-growth Douglas-fir/western hemlock forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 990-1001. Shaw, D.C. 2004. Vertical Organization of Canopy Biota. Chapter 4, In: M. Lowman and B. Rinker. Forest Canopies 2nd Edition. Elsevier/Academic Press. Shaw, D.C., D.M. Watson, and R.L. Mathiasen. 2004. Comparison of dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium spp., Viscaceae) in western North America with mistletoes (Amyema spp., Loranthaceae) in Australia – ecological analogs and reciprocal models for ecosystem management. Australian Journal of Botany 52: 481-498. Shaw, D.C., J.F. Franklin, K. Bible, J. Klopatek, E. Freeman, S. Greene, and G.G. Parker. 2004. Ecological setting of the Wind River old-growth forest. Ecosystems 7: 427-439.

D. Synergistic Activities

1. Forest Health Specialist. I synthesize existing knowledge of forest insect and disease ecology and management, and interpret this information to small woodland owners and other forest users. 2. Swiss Needle Cast Cooperative Director. I synthesize and coordinate a program that is focused on understanding a forest disease epidemic and how to manage it. 3. Mistletoes. I research mistletoe biology and ecology, and coordinated a symposium at the 3rd Forest International Canopy Conference in Cairns, Australia, and followed up with a synthesis article in Australian Journal of Botany. Currenty I’m working with several others on a review of mistletoes for Plant Disease. 4. Wind River Canopy Crane. I coordinated and synthesized information for our field biology station while stationed at Wind River. THOMAS A. SPIES Research Forester and Team Leader, Landscapes and Ecosystems Team, USFS, PNW Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Phone: 541-750-7354 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation 1974 B.S. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (Wildlife Ecology) 1978 M.S. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (Resource Ecology) 1979 Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, W. Germany (Vegetation Ecology) 1979 University of Gottingen, Gottingen, W. Germany (Vegetation Ecology) 1983 Ph.D. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (Forest Ecology) 1983-1985: Postdoc, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University

B. Appointments Research Forester and Team Leader, Landscapes and Ecosystems Team, USFS, PNW Research Station, Corvallis, OR. GS12-15 1983-present Professor and Assistant Professor (Courtesy). Dept.of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (1986 to present) Research Associate, Dept. of Forest Science, OSU. (1983 to 1985) C. Publications (5 significant examples) Thompson, J.R., T. A. Spies, and L. M. Ganio. Reburn severity in managed and unmanaged vegetation in a large wildfire. 2007. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 104 (25) 10743-10748. Spies, T. A., K. N. Johnson , K. M. Burnett, J. L. Ohmann, B. C. McComb, G. H. Reeves, P. Bettinger, J. D. Kline, and B. Garber-Yonts. 2007. Cumulative ecological and socio-economic effects of forest policies in coastal Oregon. Ecological applications 17(1); 5-17. Spies, T. A., M. C. McComb, R. S. H. Kennedy, M. T. McGrath, K. Olsen, and R. J. Pabst. 2007. Potential effects of forest policies on terrestrial biodiversity in a multi-ownership province. Ecological applications 17 (1): 48-65. Spies, T. A. 2006. Maintaining old-growth forests. In: Haynes, R. W., B. T. Bormann, D. C. Lee, and J. R. Martin, tech. eds. Northwest Forest Plan—the first 10 years (1994-2003): synthesis of monitoring and research results. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-651. Portland, OR USA. Spies, T. A., M. A. Hemstrom, A. Youngblood, and S. Hummel. 2006. Conserving old-growth forest diversity in disturbance-prone landscapes. Conservation Biology 20(2): 351-362. D. Synergistic Activities 1989—Spies testified before a joint subcommittee of the House Committee of Agriculture and Committee of Interior and Insular affairs on the management of old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest 1995-Present. Spies is co-leader of the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS), an interdisciplinary effort to develop new ecological assessment tools to evaluate the effects of forest policies on ecological and socio-economic components of ecosystems in multi-ownerships landscapes. 2003-- Spies was Chair of the North American Forest Ecology Workshop, an international meeting that draws about 250 ecologists from North America 2003—Present. Associate Editor, Landscape Ecology. 2007—Visiting Fellow Australian National University, Canberra, to study fire and biodiversity relationships and policies in southeastern Australia. BRENT S. STEEL Professor and Director, Master of Public Policy Program, Department of Political Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-6206 Phone: 541-737-6133 Email: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation Eastern Washington University Government/Economics B.A., 1979 Washington State University Political Science M.A., 1981 Washington State University Political Science Ph.D., 1984 B. Appointments 2003-present Director, Master of Public Policy Program, Oregon State University. 2003 Senior Fulbright Specialist, Public Administration, University of Botswana. 2001 Professor, Political Science, Oregon State University. 1998-2001 Associate Professor, Political Science, Oregon State University. 1995-98 Director, Master of Public Affairs Program, Washington State University. 1995-98 Associate Professor, Political Science, Washington State University. 1992-95 Assistant Professor, Political Science, Washington State University. 1990-92 Visiting Assistant Professor, Political Science, Oregon State University. 1984-90 Assistant Professor, Political Science, Oakland University. C. Publications (5 significant examples) Brent S. Steel and Rebecca L. Warner, “Global Academia: The State of Environmental Learning and Awareness,” pp. 233-255 in K.V. Thai, D. Rahm, and J.D.Coggburn (eds.) Handbook of Globalization and the Environment (Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis, 2007). Brent S. Steel, Denise Lach and Vijay Satyal, “Ideology and Scientific Credibility: Environmental Policy in the American Pacific Northwest,” Public Understanding of Science, 15(2006): 481-495. Brent S. Steel, Court Smith, Laura Opsommer, Sara Curiel and Ryan-Warner-Steel, “Public Ocean Literacy in the United States,” Ocean and Coastal Management 48(2005): 97-114. Brent S. Steel, Nicholas Lovrich, Denise Lach and Valentina Fomenko, “Correlates and Consequences of Public Knowledge Concerning Ocean Fisheries Management Issues,” Coastal Management 33(2005): 37-51. Brent S. Steel, Peter List, Denise Lach, and Bruce Shindler, “The Role of Scientists in the Environmental Policy Process: A Case Study from the American West,” Environmental Science and Policy 7(2004): 1-13. D. Synergistic Activities Co-P.I., “Development of a Model Community Data Base” The Ford Family Foundation, (2006-2008) to make social, economic and environmental data available for communities via an interactive website for citizens, policy makers and researchers. Co-P.I., “Changing Expectations for Science and Scientists in Natural Resource Decision Making: A Case Study of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program,” National Science Foundation, (2004- 2008) to study how LTER science can be integrated into management. Founding Board and Executive Board member for Project Vote Smart (www.vote-smart.org), which is a nonpartisan, nonprofit voter education organization that seeks to inform citizens with objective information to increase civil literacy and policy relevant knowledge in the U.S. FREDERICK J. SWANSON Research Geologist, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Station, Corvallis, OR 97331. Professor (Courtesy), Departments of Forest Science and Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331. Phone: 541 750-7355 E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation Pennsylvania State University Geological Sciences BS 1966 University of Oregon Geology PhD 1972 University of Oregon Forest geomorphology Post doc 1972-1975 Oregon State University Forest geomorphology Post doc 1975-1979

B. Appointments Research Geologist, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 1979-present. Professor (Courtesy), Depts. of Forest Science and Geosciences, Oregon State University. 1989-present. Asst. Professor (Courtesy), Department of Geology, Oregon State University. 1975-1989.

C. Publications (5 most relevant and significant examples) Dale V.H., F.J. Swanson, C.M. Crisafulli (eds). 2005. Ecological responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Springer. (20 chapters, Swanson senior author on 2 and coauthor on 3 additional). Foster, D, F. Swanson, J. Aber, I. Burke, N. Brokaw, D. Tilman, and A. Knapp. 2003. The importance of land use legacies to ecology and conservation. BioScience 53(1): 77-88. Forman, R.T.T. and 13 others, including Swanson (co-authors). 2003. Road ecology: Science and solutions. Washington, DC, Island Press. 481 p. Johnson, K.N., F.J. Swanson, M. Herring, S. Greene (eds.). 1999. Bioregional assessments: science at the crossroads of management and policy. Washington, DC: Island Press. 395 p. Swanson, F.J., S.L. Johnson, S.V. Gregory, and S.A. Acker. 1998. Flood disturbance in a forested mountain landscape. BioScience. 48(9): 681-689.

D. Synergistic Activities 1. Co-Director of Long-Term Ecological Reflections Program – a collaboration of creative/nature writers and ecological scientists. Philosophy Dept., Oregon State Univ., and US Forest Service. 2002-present. (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/research/related/writers.cfm?topnav=167)

2. Leader of the academic and Forest Service research community in the research-management partnership centered on the Andrews Experimental Forest partnered with the Willamette National Forest 1987-present. Duties include shared oversight of forest stand and landscape experiments and communications programs with educators, land managers, media, elected officials, and the public. STEPHEN B. TAYLOR Associate Professor of Geology, Western Oregon University, Earth and Physical Sciences Department, Monmouth, OR 97361

Phone: 503-838-8398 E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation

Slippery Rock University Geology B.S., 1982 Washington State University Geology M.S., 1985 West Virginia University Geology Ph.D., 1999

B. Appointments

Associate Professor of Geology, Western Oregon University, 2004-present. Visiting Professor of Environmental Geology, Willamette University, 2005. Visiting Professor of Geography, University of Oregon, Eugene, 2001. Assistant Professor of Geology, Western Oregon University, 1999-2004. Project Geologist, U.S. Filter - Chester Engineers, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, 1999. Research Assistant, Geology, West Virginia University, 1997-1999. Instructor, Earth Science, California University of Pennsylvania, 1993-1997. Instructor, Geology and Geography, Westmoreland County Community College, 1990-1995. Hydrogeologist, Anderson Geological Services, Washington, PA, 1990-1994. Hydrogeologist, Geraghty and Miller, Inc., Washington, PA, 1989-1990. Research Assistant, Geology, University of New Mexico, 1988-1989. Project Scientist, Agronomy and Soils, Washington State University, 1986-1987. Geophysics Technician, Practical Geophysics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, 1985. Teaching/Research Assistant, Geology, Washington State University, 1983-1985.

C. Publications Taylor, S.B., 2007, Watershed assessment, river restoration, and the geoscience profession in Oregon: Oregon Geology, v. 68, p. 26-30. Taylor, S.B. and Kite, J.S., 2006, Comparative geomorphic analysis of surficial deposits at hree central Appalachian watersheds: Implications for controls on sediment-transport efficiency: Journal of Geomorphology, v. 78, p. 22-43. Taylor, S.B., 2005, Lithologic Controls on watershed morphology in the central Oregon Coast Range: Towards extrapolation of Tyee-based models to other bedrock types: Association of American Geographers, Abs. with Prog., 37(4): p. 321. Taylor, S.B., 2002, Bedrock control on slope gradients in the Luckiamute Watershed, Central Coast Range, Oregon: Implications for sediment transport and storage: American Geophysical Union Abs. with Prog. 83(47): H21C-0842. Taylor, S.B., Dutton, B.E., and Poston, P.E., 2002, Luckiamute River Watershed, Upper Willamette Basin, Oregon – An Integrated Environmental Study, in Moore, G.W., ed., Field Guide to Geologic Processes in Cascadia: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Special Paper 36, p. 167-186. D. Synergistic Activities • Present; Earth Science Advisor, K-12 Science Standards Review Panel, Oregon Dept. of Education. • 2005-Present; Member and Chair of Oregon State Board of Geologist Examiners. • 2005-Present; Member, Council of Examiners, National Association of State Boards of Geology. • 2002-Present; Member, State Geologic Mapping Advisory Committee, Oregon Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries. • 2000-2003; Project Coordinator, Preparing Tomorrow’s Teachers to Use Technology (PT3), Western Oregon University, under contract with U.S. Dept. of Education. DESIREE D. TULLOS Assistant Professor, Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University 116 Gilmore Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 Phone: 541-737-2038 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation University of Tennessee Civil Engineering BS 2000 North Carolina State University Civil Engineering MCE 2002 North Carolina State University Biological Engineering PhD 2005 B. Appointments Assistant Professor Oregon State University, September 2005 - present Visiting Scientist – Chinese Academic of Sciences – Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science (through NSF –EAPSI award), Summer 2005 Teaching/Research Assistant North Carolina State University, 2000 - 2005 Engineering Consultant, Blue Land Water Infrastructure, 2002 Engineering Consultant, Barge, Waggoner, Sumner, and Cannon, Inc., 1998 - 1999 C. Publications (5 significant examples) Tullos, D. and M. Neumann. 2006. A Qualitative Model for Characterizing Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on Benthic Communities. Ecological Modeling 196: 209-220. Tullos, D. 2006. River restoration in China: a review of local efforts to improve the quality of lotic life. Ecological Restoration 24: 165-172. Tullos, D. and G. Jennings. 2007. Dam Removal. Encyclopedia of Water Science. Taylor and Francis. Brown, Pl, Tullos, D. B. Tilt, A. Wolf, D. Magee. Development of an Interdisciplinary Approach to Dam Evaluation: IDAM Tool. Journal of Environmental Management (in review) Tullos, D. and Chen, D. Assessing Environmental Impact Assessments: A Review and Analysis of Documenting Environmental Impacts of Large Dams Journal of Environmental Management (in review) D. Synergistic Activities • Director, Summer Institute in EcoInformatics to provide late undergraduate and early graduate students with research and education experience in EcoInformatics. • Faculty participant, Ecosystem Informatics IGERT to integrate graduate research in bioengineering, computer science, fisheries and wildlife, forest science, geosciences, and mathematics. • Current major adviser to 3 Ph.D. students and 3 M.S. students (Cara Walters, Carla Stevens, Eric Andersen). • Instructor - BEE5446/546 – River Engineering; BEE448/548 – NonPoint Source Pollution Assessment and Control; BEE 102 – Ecological Engineering MICHAEL H. UNSWORTH Professor, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 Phone: 541-737-5428 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation University of Edinburgh, Scotland; Physics (with honors) BSc 1965 University of Edinburgh, Scotland; Medical Physics PhD 1968 B. Appointments 1992 – current Professor, College of Oceanic and Atmos. Sciences, Oregon State University 1999 – current Adjunct Professor, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University 1992 - 1999 Director, Center for Analysis of Environmental Change, Oregon State University 1987 - 1992 Professor of Environmental Physics, University of Nottingham, England 1983 - 1987 Station Head, NERC Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Edinburgh Research Station 1980 - 1982 Reader in Environmental Physics, University of Nottingham 1968 - 1980 Lecturer in Environmental Physics, University of Nottingham, England C. Publications (5 significant examples) Link, T.E., Flerchinger, G.N., Unsworth, M.H., and Marks, D. 2004. Simulation of water and energy fluxes in an old-growth seasonal temperate rainforest using the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5, 443-457. Unsworth, M.H., N. Phillips, T. Link, B.Bond, M. Falk, M. Harmon, T. Hinckley, D. Marks, and K.T. Paw U. 2004 Components and Controls of Water Flux in an Old- growth Douglas-fir-Western Hemlock Ecosystem. Ecosystems, 7, 468-481. Pypker, T. G., Unsworth, M.H., Mix, A.C., Rugh, W., Ocheltree, T., Alstad, K. and Bond, B.J. 2007. Using nocturnal cold air drainage flow to monitor ecosystem processes in complex terrain. Ecological Applications, 17: 702-714. Pypker, T.G., Unsworth, M.H., Lamb, B., Allwine, E., Edburg, S., Sulzman, E., Mix, A.C., and Bond, B.J. 2007. Cold air drainage in a forested valley: investigating the feasibility of monitoring ecosystem metabolism. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 145: 149-166. Monteith, J.L and M.H. Unsworth, Principles of Environmental Physics, 3rd edition, 2007. Academic Press, New York D. Synergistic Activities • Developed and coordinated collaborative multi-institutional research (as Director of the OSU CAEC) into Pacific Rim salmon-forest ecosystem interrelationships, and salmon decline in Russia • Led 10-nation collaborative UNECE research program on Plant Response to Air Pollution • Taught three international field courses on Vegetation and the Atmosphere • Led and mentored two multidisciplinary groups of OSU undergraduate students in team projects on ‘Salmon Decline’ and ‘Campus Carbon Accounting’ THERESA J. VALENTINE Spatial Information Manager, USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, Corvallis Forest Science Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis OR, 97331 Phone: 541-750-7333 E-mail: [email protected] A. Professional Preparation University of Washington Forest Resources B.S. 1979 B. Appointments 1999-present: Spatial Information Manager, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon 1994-1999: Manager, State Service Center for GIS, Salem, Oregon 1992-1994: Natural Resource Specialist in Forest Health, USDA Forest Service, Southern Region, Atlanta, Georgia. 1990-1992: GIS Coordinator for Siuslaw National Forest, Corvallis, Oregon 1989-1990: District GIS Coordinator, Alsea Ranger District, Alsea, Oregon 1987-1989: Forester, Yakima Agency, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Toppenish, Washington 1980-1987: Forestry Technician, Waldport Ranger District, Waldport, Oregon C. Publications (5 significant examples) Valentine, Theresa. 2005. H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest Map. In: Sappington, Nancy, ed. ESRI map book. Volume 20. Redlands, CA: ESRI: 78. Valentine, Theresa 2004. H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest [Topographical map]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Harcombe, P. A.; Greene, S. E.; Kramer, M. G.; Acker, S. A.; Spies, T. A.; Valentine, T. 2004. The influence of fire and windthrow dynamics on a coastal spruce-hemlock forest in Oregon, USA, based on aerial photographs spanning 40 years. Forest Ecology and Management. 194: 71-82 Valentine, Theresa; Keon, Dylan. 2000. Developing interactive internet mapping capability for the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest [Abstract]. In: Communicating and advancing ecology: The Ecological Society of America 85th annual meeting; 2000 August 6-10; Snowbird, UT. Washington, DC: The Ecological Society of America: 403. Henshaw, Don; Valentine, Theresa; Spycher, Gody. 2000. Transition from data management to information management [Abstract]. In: Communicating and advancing ecology: The Ecological Society of America 85th annual meeting; 2000 August 6-10; Snowbird, UT. Washington, DC: The Ecological Society of America: 404. D. Synergistic Activities Workshop organizer for LTER All Scientist Meetings (2003 and 2006) on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Chair of the GIS working group under the LTER Information Managers Committee. Organized several GIS and web technology workshops, in conjunction with the San Diego Supercomputing Center. Chair of the Oregon State University Forestry Community Spatial Data Management Group. Organizes meetings, maintains websites, and provides training on GIS and Internet Mapping topics. J. ALAN YEAKLEY Associate Professor Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland OR 97201 Phone: 503-725-8040 E-mail: [email protected]

A. Professional Preparation Texas A&M-Commerce Mathematics B.S. 1986 University of Texas-Dallas Environmental Science M.S. 1988 University of Virginia Environmental Science Ph.D. 1993 University of Georgia Ecology Post-doc 1994

B. Appointments Associate Professor Environmental Science Portland State University 2001-present Assistant Professor Environmental Science Portland State University 1994-2001 Postdoctoral Associate Institute of Ecology University of Georgia 1992-1994 University Fellow Environmental Science University of Virginia 1988-1991

C. Publications Ozawa, C.P. and Yeakley, J.A. 2007. Performance of management strategies in the protection of riparian vegetation in three Oregon cities. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 50: 803-822. Sonoda, K., and Yeakley, J.A. 2007. Relative effects of landuse and near-stream chemistry on phosphorus in an urban stream. Journal of Environmental Quality 36: 144-154. Caplan, J.S. and Yeakley, J.A. 2006. Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) occurrence and growth in relation to light and soil conditions in western Oregon. Northwest Science 80: 9-17. Hook, A.M. and Yeakley, J.A. 2005. Stormflow dynamics of dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen in a small urban watershed. Biogeochemistry 75: 409-431. Yeakley, J.A., Coleman, D.C., Haines, B.L., Kloeppel, B.D., Meyer, J.L., Swank, W.T., Argo, B.W., Deal, J.M., and Taylor, S.F. 2003. Hillslope nutrient dynamics following upland riparian vegetation disturbance. Ecosystems 6: 154-167.

D. Synergistic Activities Associate editor, Écoscience; member of editorial board (http://www.ecoscience.ulaval.ca), 2006-present. Visiting faculty member, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina; taught 2 study abroad courses in environmental sustainability, spring term 2007. Panel member, EPA grants programs; regular member on review panels (9 total) held in Washington, D.C. evaluating the scientific merit of EPA research proposals, 2001-present. Founding member, Urban Ecosystem Research Consortium of Portland/Vancouver (UERC); the UERC holds annual symposia and publishes proceedings of abstracts on urban ecosystem science management in the Portland/Vancouver region (http://www.esr.pdx.edu/uerc), 2001-present. Teaching award winner, John E. Allen Award for Outstanding Teaching, Portland State University; 3 awards: 1999-2000, 2002-2003, 2006-2007.

Section 9. Current and Pending Support for each Investigator: Andrews LTER

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Matthew G. Betts Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Intensive forestry effects on birds

Source of Support: Oregon Fish and Wildlife in Managed Forests Fund Total Award Amount: $112,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2010 Location of Project: Oregon, USA Person-Months Per Year Committed: 3 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Matthew G. Betts Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Intensive forestry effects on birds

Source of Support: National Council on Air and Stream Improvement Total Award Amount: $128,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2008-2009 Location of Project: Oregon, USA Person-Months Per Year Committed: 3 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Matthew G. Betts Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Meta-analysis of threshold responses

Source of Support: Oregon Fish and Wildlife in Managed Forests Fund Total Award Amount: $17,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2008 Location of Project: Oregon, USA Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Matthew G. Betts Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Long-term effects of thinning on birds in Cascades

Source of Support: USDA Forest Service Total Award Amount: $56,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2009 Location of Project: Oregon, USA Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Matthew G. Betts Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Meta-population dynamics of flying squirrels

Source of Support: Parks Canada Total Award Amount: $150,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2005-2008 Location of Project: Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0 Cal: Acad: Sumr:

Investigator: Matthew G. Betts Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Thresholds in Occurrence and Productivity of Neotropical Migrant Birds as

Source of Support: US Fish and Wildlife Service Total Award Amount: $112,076 Total Award Period Covered: 2008-2010 Location of Project: Oregon, USA Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: J. Hagar, Matthew G. Betts Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Space use of riparian birds in Trask watershed

Source of Support: BLM Total Award Amount: $112,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2008-2010 Location of Project: Oregon, USA Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0 Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: BA Black, Jeffrey Stone, David Shaw Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Refining techniques for detecting Swiss needle cast outbreaks in tree-r

Source of Support: Swiss Needlle Cast Cooperative Total Award Amount: $16,000 Total Award Period Covered: 3/2008-3/2009 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: BA Black Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Improving geoduck age estimation through the tree-ring technique of cross

Source of Support: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada Total Award Amount: $21,000 Total Award Period Covered: 9/2007-2/2008 Location of Project: Hatfield Marine Science Center Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: BA Black, J Dunham Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Reconstructing water temperatures in Oregon streams through analysis of g

Source of Support: Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Total Award Amount: $47,649 Total Award Period Covered: 10/2007-10/2008 Location of Project: Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: 6 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: BA Black Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Shortspine thornyhead ageing and chronology development

Source of Support: NOAA Fisheries AK Science Center, Seattle Total Award Amount: $85,000 Total Award Period Covered: 9/2007-9/2009 Location of Project: Hatfield Marine Science Center Person-Months Per Year Committed: 8 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: BA Black, Robert Allman, Michael Schirripa, and George Boehlert Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Tree-ring techniques for age validation and establishing long-term effect

Source of Support: NOAA Fisheries and the Environment Program Total Award Amount: $54,266 Total Award Period Covered: 9/2007-9/2008 Location of Project: Hatfield Marine Science Center Person-Months Per Year Committed: 4 Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: John Bolte Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Analysis of Risk Management Strategies for Irrigated Agriculture

Source of Support: USDA-NRCS Total Award Amount: $320310 Total Award Period Covered: 10/01/06-9/30/09 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0.5 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: John Bolte Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Regional Evaluation of a Web-based Irrigation Advisory

Source of Support: USDA-RMA Total Award Amount: $145036 Total Award Period Covered: 9/24/02-9/23/08 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0.5 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: John Bolte Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Collaborative Research: Interactions of climate change, land management

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $320000 Total Award Period Covered: 8/15/09-8/14/12 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: John Bolte Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Coupled human and natrual systems in fire-prone landscapes, interactions

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $1499942 Total Award Period Covered: 7/01/08-6/30/11 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Bond Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: INR/ODF Dynamic Ecosystems project.

Source of Support: Oregon Department of Forestry Total Award Amount: $66,000 Total Award Period Covered: 11/1/2007-10/31- 2009 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0.25 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Bond Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: SIRG: A wireless network of battery-free sensors for atmosphere-biosphere

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $1,099,932 Total Award Period Covered: 10/1/05 – 9/30/08 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Bond Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Airsheds, isotopes and ecosystem processes in complex terrain.

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $790,000 Total Award Period Covered: 7/1/04-6/30/08 Location of Project: Andrews Forest/OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Bond Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Coll. Res: Mountain winds reveal ecosystem processes in complex terrain

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $400,000 Total Award Period Covered: 10/1/08-9/30/11 Location of Project: Andrews Forest/OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Bond Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Long-Term Ecological Research at the H.J. Andrews – LTER5

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $4,680,000 Total Award Period Covered: 12/1/02-11/10/08 Location of Project: Andrews Forest/OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Borer, Seabloom Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: RCN: Coordination of the Nutrient Network (NutNet), global manipulations Source of Support: National Science Foundation Total Award Amount: $483,304 Total Award Period Covered: 3/01/2008- 2/28/2013 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Borer Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Management and Analysis of Environmental Observatory Data using the Keple Source of Support: National Science Foundation Total Award Amount: $46,519 Total Award Period Covered: 10/01/2006- 9/30/2010 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Borer Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Aphid population growth, nitrogen deposition, and disease transmission in Source of Support: Murdock Foundation Total Award Amount: $14,000 Total Award Period Covered: 6/01/2006- 5/31/2008 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Borer, Rao, Hulse Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Planning multinational research: examining the community context of an in Source of Support: National Science Foundation Total Award Amount: $20,000 Total Award Period Covered: 9/01/2006- 8/31/2008 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Borer, Seabloom Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: EID: Predicting the effects of environmental change and host diversity on the dynamics of insect-vectored generalist pathogens Source of Support: National Science Foundation Total Award Amount: $657,963 Total Award Period Covered: 9/01/2005- 8/31/2010 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. Investigator: Borer, Seabloom Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Factors Affecting Valley and Blue Oak Regeneration in Upper Carmel Valley, California

Source of Support: Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program Total Award Amount: $33,545 Total Award Period Covered: 9/01/2005- 8/31/2010 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0 Cal: Acad: Sumr:

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Bruce A. Caldwell Support: X Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Structure and function of mycorrhizal mat communities at the H.J. Andrews Microbial Observatory

Source of Support: NSF – Microbial Observatories Total Award Amount: $960,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2004 - 2008 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: 2 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Bruce A. Caldwell Support: X Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Key role of nitrogenous compounds in soil organic matter stabilization via interactions with mineral surfaces

Source of Support: USDA CSREES NRICGP – Soil Processes Total Award Amount: $303,446 Total Award Period Covered: 2005 - 2008 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Bruce A. Caldwell Support: Current Pending X Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Long-term detrital controls on soil organic matter stabilization

Source of Support: NSF - LTREB Total Award Amount: $398,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2008 - 2013 Location of Project: Oregon, Wisconsin Person-Months Per Year Committed: 4 Cal: 4 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Bruce A. Caldwell Support: Current Pending X Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Riding the heterocycle: an alternative organic N pathway in soils

Source of Support: USDA CSREES NRICGP – Soil Processes Total Award Amount: $ Total Award Period Covered: 2008 - 2011 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 3 Cal: 3 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Kermit Cromack, Jr. Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Structure & Function of Mycorrhizal Mat Communities at the HJA-LTER

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $910,000 Total Award Period Covered: 8-04 to 7-09 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Kermit Cromack, Jr. Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Coupled Base Cation & N Cycles in Forest Ecosystems: Stable Isotopes

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $444,444 Total Award Period Covered: 7-04 to 3-08 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Chris Daly Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Sun Grant Western Region GIS Center

Source of Support: DOE Total Award Amount: $5,826,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-10 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Chris Daly Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: High-res Time Series Climate Maps for Continental US

Source of Support: Nature Conservancy Total Award Amount: $50,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-08 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Chris Daly Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Extreme Precipitation Maps for Hawaii and California

Source of Support: NOAA Total Award Amount: $75,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-08 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: .5 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Chris Daly Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: High-resolution Temperatures and Precipitation Maps for Alaska

Source of Support: DOI NPS Total Award Amount: $75,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-08 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: .5 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Chris Daly Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Climate Maps for the Columbia River Basin

Source of Support: NOAA Total Award Amount: $35,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2008 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: CDI-Type II Computational Methods for Landscape Bio-Acoustics

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $2,200,000 Total Award Period Covered: 09/01/08-08/30/12 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: X Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Collective Machine Learning Methods for Ecological Science

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $446,648 Total Award Period Covered: 07/01/08-06/30/11 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1.5 Cal: X Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: End-user debugging of machine-learned programs

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $890,112 Total Award Period Covered: 09/01/08-08/31/11 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1.0 Cal: X Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: CRI:IAD Instrumentation for Experimental Rsrch in Environmental Monitorin

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $203,708 Total Award Period Covered: 01/01/08-12/31/09 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0.5 Cal: X Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Machine Learning for Task Recognition & Exploitation in CALO phase 5

Source of Support: DARPA (subcontract from SRI International Total Award Amount: $837,000 Total Award Period Covered: 02/01/08-01/31/09 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 4.0 Cal: X Acad: Sumr:

Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Effective Bayesian Transfer Learning Phase 3

Source of Support: DARPA/AFRL Total Award Amount: $741,737 Total Award Period Covered: 01/01/08-12/31/08 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1.0 Cal: X Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Automated Invertebrate Biodiversity Assessment

Source of Support: W.M.Keck Foundation Total Award Amount: $1,000,000 Total Award Period Covered: 09/01/08-08/31/11 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: .5 Cal: X Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: A Unified Approach to Abduction

Source of Support: Army Research Office (subcontract from University of Wash) Total Award Amount: $759,965(OSU) Total Award Period Covered: 05/01/08-04/31/13 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1.0 Cal: X Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: RI: Machine Learning for Robust Recog of Invertebrate Spec in Eco Sci

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $800,000 Total Award Period Covered: 09/01/07=08/31/10 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: .5 Cal: X Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: IGERT: Ecosystem Informatics

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $3,913,548 Total Award Period Covered: 10/01/03-09/30/08 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: .5 Cal: X Acad: Sumr:

Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Summer Institute in EcoInformatics

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $595,725 Total Award Period Covered: 06/01/06-05/31/11 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: .5 Cal: X Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Thomas G. Dietterich Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: GILA: Generalized Integrated Learning Architecture

Source of Support: DARPA (subcontract from Lockheed Martin ATL) Total Award Amount: $765,467 Total Award Period Covered: 06/01/06-12/31/08 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1.0 Cal: X Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Xiaoli Fern Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: CDI-Type II Computational Methods for Landscape Bio-Acoustics

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $2,549,204 Total Award Period Covered: 10/01/08 – 9/31/12 Location of Project: Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Xiaoli Fern Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Mining Interpretable Behavioral Patterns from User Action

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $394,102 Total Award Period Covered: 09/01/08 - 08/31/11 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0.5 Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Lisa M. Ganio Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Analysis of Wood Recruitment in Stream Networks Source of Support: USGS FRESC JVA Total Award Amount: $20,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2/08-8/08 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Lisa M. Ganio Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Modeling Relationships Among Landscape Characteristics, Salmonids, and Habitat at Multiple Scales

Source of Support: USDA Forest Service JVA Total Award Amount: $101,000 Total Award Period Covered: 7/07-6/08 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Lisa M. Ganio Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Analysis of Regional Variability in Forest Vegetation Source of Support: USDA Forest Service JVA Total Award Amount: $342,000 Total Award Period Covered: 10/05-9/07 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: L. Ganio, R.Gresswell, J. Li and A. Skaugset Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Analysis of Cumulative Impacts on Biotic and Abiotic Responses in Stream Source of Support: Fish and Wildlife Habitat in Managed Forests Research Program Total Award Amount: $80,000 Total Award Period Covered: 9/05-9/08 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Lisa M. Ganio and Matthew Gregory Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Predictive vegetation mapping and landscape modeling in support of conservation , natural resource, and land-use planning in the Pacific Northwest Source of Support: USDA Forest Service JVA Total Award Amount: $249.000 Total Award Period Covered: 7/07-6/11 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Stanley Gregory Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Long Term Ecologial Reserach Program V - Aquatic Project

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $77,140 Total Award Period Covered: 11/01/06 - 10/31/08 Location of Project: H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Blue River, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Stanley Gregory Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: arnessing the hydrologic disturbance regime: sustaining multiple benefits

Source of Support: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - ORD - NCER Total Award Amount: $287,999 Total Award Period Covered: 10/01/04 - 09/30/07 Location of Project: Willamette River Basin, Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 2 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Stanley Gregory Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Effects of stream barbs on aquatic habitat, fish communities, and critica

Source of Support: Natural Resources Conservation Service Total Award Amount: $100,000 Total Award Period Covered: 07/01/05 - 06/30/08 Location of Project: Willamette River Basin, Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Stanley Gregory Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Linking Coldwater Refuges into a Framework for River Restoration

Source of Support: Oregon watershed Enhancement Board Total Award Amount: $259,743 Total Award Period Covered: 09/24/07 - 09/30/10 Location of Project: Willamette River Basin, Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 2 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Stanley Gregory Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Long Term Ecologial Reserach Program VI - Aquatic Project

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $??? Total Award Period Covered: 11/01/08 - 10/31/14 Location of Project: H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Blue River, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Haggerty Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Multi-Scale Mass Transfer Processes Controlling Natural Attenuation…

Source of Support: DOE Total Award Amount: $616,000 Total Award Period Covered: 10/1/07-9/30/11 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: 1 Investigator: Haggerty/Grant Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Impact of Gravel Augmentation on Temperature in the Clackamas River

Source of Support: USDA Forest Service Coop agreement, money from PGE Total Award Amount: $149,239 Total Award Period Covered: 7/01/06-3/31/08 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: 1 Investigator: Haggerty/Lancaster Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Heat Budget in the Hyporheic Zone of a Large, Gravel-Bed River

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $73,694 Total Award Period Covered: 3/15/06-2/28/09 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0.75 Cal: 0.75 Acad: Sumr: 0.75 Investigator: Haggerty/Wondzell Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Controls on hyporheic nitrate retention - discriminating among transport,

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $258,201 Total Award Period Covered: 7/15/04-7/14/08 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: 1 *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Charles B. Halpern Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: An ecological restoration experiment in the Cedar R. Municipal Watershed

Source of Support: Seattle Public Utilities Total Award Amount: $500.009 Total Award Period Covered: 04-04-2005 to 03- 31-2010 Location of Project: Washington Person-Months Per Year Committed: 3 Cal: 3 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Charles B. Halpern Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Studies of forest understory dynamics at HJ Andrews LTER

Source of Support: NSF (subcontract from OSU) Total Award Amount: $214,894 Total Award Period Covered: 11-01-2004 to 10- 31-2008 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: 2 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Charles B. Halpern Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Vegetation responses to variable retention harvest: the DEMO study.

Source of Support: USDA Forest Service Total Award Amount: $265,113 Total Award Period Covered: 05-11-2004 to 05- 31-2008 Location of Project: Oregon & Washington Person-Months Per Year Committed: 5 Cal: 5 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Charles B. Halpern Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Responses of meadow vegetation to experrimental tree removal and fire

Source of Support: USDA Forest Servce Total Award Amount: $17,200 Total Award Period Covered: 02-01-2007 to 06- 30-2009 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0.25 Cal: 0.25 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Mark E. Harmon Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Long-term Ecological Research at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (L

Source of Support: NSF- Long-term Studies Total Award Amount: $4,680,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2002-2008 Location of Project: Oregon and Washington Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 6 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Mark E. Harmon Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Improving FIA carbon inventory estimates for woody detritus To Estimate H

Source of Support: USDA Forest Service FIA Total Award Amount: $40,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2006-2008 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Mark E. Harmon Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: LTER Supplemental Requests for 2007 for the Andrews LTER

Source of Support: NSF-LTER Total Award Amount: $50,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2008 Location of Project: Oregon and Washington Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0.5 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Mark E. Harmon Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: IGERT: Ecosystem Informatics

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $3,900,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2003-2008 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 2 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Mark E. Harmon Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Water quality analysis for the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest

Source of Support: USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station Total Award Amount: $47,007 Total Award Period Covered: 2004-2008 Location of Project: Oregon and Washington Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0.5 Acad: Sumr:

Investigator: Mark E. Harmon Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: This proposal To Estimate Heart Rot Volumes In Living Tree Stems

Source of Support: NSF- Long-term Studies Total Award Amount: $5,640,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2008-October 2014 Location of Project:

Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 6 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: David W. Hulse Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Linking coldwater refuges into a framework for river and floodplain resto

Source of Support: Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Total Award Amount: $450,000 Total Award Period Covered: 9/24/2007 – 10/31/2009 Location of Project: University of Oregon & Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: 1.5 Sumr: 1.5 Investigator: David W. Hulse Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Envision Andrews: Alternative future trajectories for the H.J. Andrews Ex

Source of Support: H,J, Andrews LTER Program Total Award Amount: $40,000 Total Award Period Covered: Location of Project: University of Oregon & Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: 5 Sumr: Investigator: David W. Hulse Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Influence of informational feedbacks on perceptions and behaviors of ecos

Source of Support: National Science Foundation Human and Social Dynamics Program Total Award Amount: $750,000 Total Award Period Covered: 8/1/2008 – 9/30/2010 Location of Project: University of Oregon & Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: 1.5 Sumr: 1.5 Investigator: David W. Hulse Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: The interactions of climate change, land management policies, and forest

Source of Support: NSF-Coupled Natural-Human Systems Total Award Amount: $1,500,000 Total Award Period Covered: 8/15/2008 – 8/14/2012 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: 1.5 Sumr: 1.5 *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Sherri Johnson Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Long term Ecological Research at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest - L

Source of Support: NSF-Long Term Studies Total Award Amount: $4,680,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2002-2008 Location of Project: Andrews Experimental Forest, Blue River Oregon and OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Sherri Johnson Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Trask Basin Watershed Research

Source of Support: Oregon Dept of Forestry and Weyerhaeuser Corporation Total Award Amount: $1,200,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2006-2009 Location of Project: Trask River Watershed, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Sherri Johnson Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Headwater stream processes revealed by continuous ultra-high resolution t

Source of Support: NSF EAR Total Award Amount: $193,411 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2010 Location of Project: H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Sherri Johnson Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Oregon Plan Effectiveness: Effects of Contemporary Forest Harvest on Aqua

Source of Support: Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Total Award Amount: $400,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2009 Location of Project: Trask River Watershed, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: J. Jones (PI), R. Doel (co-PI) Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Prehistoric and contemporary management of forest-meadow complexes …

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $275,636 Total Award Period Covered: 10/01/08 - 09/30/10 Location of Project: Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: 1 Investigator: J. Jones (PI), B. D’Ambrosio, T. Dietterich, M. Harmon, E. Waymire, co-PI Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Ecosystem Informatics IGERT

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $3.9 million Total Award Period Covered: 9/30/03-9/30/08 Location of Project: Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: 1 Investigator: M. Harmon (PI), B. Bond, S. Johnson, J. Jones, F. Swanson (co=PIs) Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Long-term ecological research at the H.J. Andrews Forest

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $4.8 million Total Award Period Covered: 10/1/02-10/1/08 Location of Project: .H.J. Andrews Forest/Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: 1 Investigator: D. Tullos (PI), J. Jones, T. Dietterich, E. Thomann, K. O’Connell (co=PIs Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Summer Institute in Ecosystem Informatics

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $600,000 Total Award Period Covered: 6/1/06-5/30/09 Location of Project: H.J. Andrews Forest Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: B. Bond (PI), S. Johnson, M. Harmon, J. Jones, T. Spies (co-PIs) Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Long-term ecological research at the H.J. Andrews Forest

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $5.64 million Total Award Period Covered: 10/1/08-9/30/14 Location of Project: .H.J. Andrews Forest/Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: 1 *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Rebecca S.H. Kennedy Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Forest Management and Climate Effects on Future Landscape Vegetation Patt

Source of Support: US Forest Service National Fire Plan Total Award Amount: $50,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2009 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 4 Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Markus Kleber Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Soils as biogeochemical Silicon sources: linking prcesses of Si cycling

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $796,533 Total Award Period Covered: 3 years Location of Project: Corvallis Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Markus Kleber Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: The stable carbon isotope (δ13C) signature of forest soil respiration

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $335,430 Total Award Period Covered: 1 year Location of Project: Corvallis Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Lach Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Changing Expectations for Science and Scientists

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $200,000 Total Award Period Covered: 3/06-3/08 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1.0 Cal: Acad: Sumr: 1.0 Investigator: Lach Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Sharing Water, Building Relations

Source of Support: USGS Total Award Amount: $22163 Total Award Period Covered: 3/08-3/09 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: .5 Cal: Acad: Sumr: .5 Investigator: Lach Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Training Cooperative Partnership

Source of Support: US EPA Total Award Amount: $up to $1 mil Total Award Period Covered: 3/06-3/08 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: .5 Sumr: .5 *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Kate Lajtha Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Key Role of Nitrogenous Compounds in Soil Organic Matter Stabilization vi

Source of Support: USDA CSREES 2005-35107-16336 Total Award Amount: $389,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2005-2008 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Kate Lajtha Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: LTREB: Long-term detrital controls on soil organic matter stabilization

Source of Support: NSF (to be submitted Jan 9) Total Award Amount: $450,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2008-2013 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Kate Lajtha Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Do Foodwebs Drive the N Cycle?

Source of Support: NSF (to be submitted Jan 9) Total Award Amount: $1,500,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2008-2011 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Kathryn A. Lynch Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Environmental Leadership Program Service Scholarships

Source of Support: Americorps Linking Innovation, Need & Know-how through Servic Total Award Amount: $40,000 Total Award Period Covered: 1/08-1/09 Location of Project: University of Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0 Acad: 0 Sumr: 0 Investigator: Kathryn A. Lynch Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Environmental Education Initiative: Effects of fire management on fuels

Source of Support: HJA Experimental Forest, from NASA New Investigator Grant Total Award Amount: $7,000 Total Award Period Covered: 1/08-6/08 Location of Project: Lane County Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0 Acad: 6 Sumr: 0 Investigator: Kathryn A. Lynch Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Integrating Pedagogical Training and Field-Based Teaching Opportunities i

Source of Support: Williams Council Total Award Amount: $30,650 Total Award Period Covered: 1/07 - 6/08 Location of Project: various sites in Lane County Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0 Acad: 9 Sumr: 0 Investigator: Kathryn A. Lynch Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Mentoring Tomorrow’s Environmental Leaders in the West Eugene Wetlands

Source of Support: EPA Total Award Amount: $6,000 Total Award Period Covered: 9/08-6/09 Location of Project: West Eugene Wetlands Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0 Acad: 6 Sumr: 0 Investigator: Kathryn A. Lynch Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Reconnecting Children with Nature

Source of Support: Conservation Fund Total Award Amount: $tbd Total Award Period Covered: 9/08-6/11 Location of Project: various sites in Lane County Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0 Acad: tbd Sumr: 0 *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Dr. Christopher J. Marshall Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Beetles of the Pacific Northwest - the legacy of Melville Harrison Hatch

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $490,000 Total Award Period Covered: 3 years Location of Project: OSU - Oregon State Arthropod Collection Person-Months Per Year Committed: .2 Cal: 6.00 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Dr. Christpher J. Marshall Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Survey of the Coleoptera of the Olympic National Park

Source of Support: National Park Service Total Award Amount: $36,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2years Location of Project: Olympic National Park, OSU-OSAC Person-Months Per Year Committed: .4 Cal: Acad: .1 Sumr: .3 *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: J.J McDonnell Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Development of an Evolutionary Flow Path Model of Water and Solutes

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $300,000 Total Award Period Covered: August 1994 to July 1998 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: J.J McDonnell Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Hillslope-Riparian Zone Reservoir Mixing: A Multi-Catchment Test of a New

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $393,242 Total Award Period Covered: November 1999 to October 2003 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: McKane, Barbara Bond and others Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: HJ Andrews LTER 6

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $ Total Award Period Covered: 2008-2010 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: x Acad: Sumr: Investigator: McKane, Steven Perakis and others Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Will climate change & variability alter carbon storage in forested basins

Source of Support: USGS Total Award Amount: $201,145 Total Award Period Covered: Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: x Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Jeffrey C. Miller Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Patterns in Insect Biodiversity Across the HJA Watershed

Source of Support: NSF LTER Total Award Amount: $180,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2003-2008 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Jeffrey C. Miller Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Evaluation of Sage-Grouse Habitat

Source of Support: USDA, ARS Total Award Amount: $38,983 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2008 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Peachey,McGrath,Mallory-Smith,Boydston, Moldenke Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Effects of primary tillage and weed seed placement on seed predator conservation, efficacy and seedling recruitment

Source of Support: USDA-CREES Total Award Amount: $487,334 Total Award Period Covered: 7/1/07-6/30/11 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 5% Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Dieterrich, Lytle, Mortensen, Paasch, Moldenke, Shapiro Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Machine learning for robust recognition of invertebrate specimens in ecological science

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $899,280 Total Award Period Covered: 9/1/07 - 8/31/10 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 10% Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Rao, DeBano, Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Pollination Ecology Research Experience for Undergraduates

Source of Support: NSF-REU Total Award Amount: $325,509 (ina Total Award Period Covered: 4/1/08 - 3/31/11 Location of Project: Andrews Forest, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 20% Cal: 2 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Moldenke, Lajtha,Smith, Moore, Caldwell Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Influence of microbial and grazer community structure on soil nitrogen in bacterial- and fungal-dominated ecosystems along a productivity gradient

Source of Support: NSF-EcosSci Total Award Amount: $ Total Award Period Covered: Location of Project: Andres Forest, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 50% Cal: 4 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Dresner, Moldenke Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Researching ecological processes for high school science: linking teachers with ecologist's research Source of Support: NSF-EDU Total Award Amount: $1,198,000 Total Award Period Covered: 6/1/06 - 5/30-2010 Location of Project: Andrews Forest, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 15% Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: David Myrold Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Collaborative Research: Soil microbial community and functional responses

Source of Support: NSF-DEB Total Award Amount: $455,808 Total Award Period Covered: 06/01/08 - 05/31/11 Location of Project: Oregon, Alaska Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: David Myrold Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: IGERT: Systems at interfaces--dynamic processes in multiphase subsurface

Source of Support: NSF-DGE-IGERT Total Award Amount: $3,195,082 Total Award Period Covered: 10/01/08 - 09/30/13 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 2 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: David Myrold Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Niche differentiation of nitrification in soils

Source of Support: USDA-NRI-Soils and Soil Processes Total Award Amount: $360,000 Total Award Period Covered: 09/01/07 - 08/31/10 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: David Myrold Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Structure and function of mycorrhizal mat communities at the H.J. Andrews

Source of Support: NSF-MCB-MO/MIP Total Award Amount: $920,285 Total Award Period Covered: 08/01/04 - 07/31/09 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: David Myrold Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Regulating the tempo of nitrogen turnover in soils: microbial and biochem

Source of Support: NSF-DEB-Ecosystem Science Total Award Amount: $68,694 Total Award Period Covered: 09/01/06 - 08/31/08 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0.5 Acad: Sumr:

Investigator: David Myrold Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Collaborative Research: Soil ecosystem and microbial responses to short-

Source of Support: NSF-OPP Total Award Amount: $500,719 Total Award Period Covered: 06/01/08 - 05/31/11 Location of Project: Oregon, Alaska Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: David Myrold Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Ecological soil community management for enhanced nutrient cycling i

Source of Support: USDA-Integrated Organic Program Total Award Amount: $437,000 Total Award Period Covered: 10/01/05 - 09/30/18 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 0.5 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: David Myrold Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Collaborative Research: Functional significance of "dark septate" endophy

Source of Support: NSF-DEB Total Award Amount: $299,251 Total Award Period Covered: 04/01/04 - 03/31/08 Location of Project: Oregon, Kansas, New Mexico, Minnesota Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Nolin Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Improving Arctic Energy Budget Estimates by Combining New EOS Products

Source of Support: NASA Total Award Amount: $93,532 Total Award Period Covered: 03/04-06/08 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: Acad: Sumr: 2 Investigator: Nolin Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: MISR Science Team

Source of Support: NASA Total Award Amount: $298,660 Total Award Period Covered: 03/03-09/09 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: Acad: Sumr: 2 Investigator: Nolin Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Multiresolution Snow Products for the Hydrologic Sciences

Source of Support: NASA Total Award Amount: $137,000 Total Award Period Covered: 02/04-07/08 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: Sumr: 1 Investigator: Nolin Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Contributions of glacier melt to Upper Hood River streamflow

Source of Support: USGS Total Award Amount: $30,092 Total Award Period Covered: 04/07-03/08 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: 2 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Nolin Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: SGER: Mapping the November'06 periglacial debris flows on Mt. Hood

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $18,000 Total Award Period Covered: 09/07-09/08 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Kari O’Connell Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Effects of fire management on fuels along fire regime and forest pro

Source of Support: NASA Total Award Amount: $344,096 Total Award Period Covered: 2004-2008 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: x Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Kari O'Connell Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Planning proposal for the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $24,730 Total Award Period Covered: 2006-2008 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: x Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Kari O'Connell Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Long-term studies of vegetation dynamics in the Pacific Northwest

Source of Support: U.S. Forest Service Total Award Amount: $144,999 Total Award Period Covered: 2004-2009 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0.5 Cal: x Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Kari O'Connell Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Cost reimbursable agreement for research support of the H.J. Andrews Expe

Source of Support: U.S. Forest Service Total Award Amount: $314,996 Total Award Period Covered: 2005 - 2009 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 3 Cal: x Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Kari O'Connell Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Summer Institute in Ecoinformatics

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $581,291 Total Award Period Covered: 2006 - 2010 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: Sumr: x *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Steven Perakis Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Coupled Nitrogen and Calcium Cycles in Forest Ecosystems

Source of Support: NSF Ecosystems Total Award Amount: $404,444 Total Award Period Covered: 2004-2008 Location of Project: Oregon, USA Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Steven Perakis Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Consequences of Altered Precipitation for Carbon Sequestration

Source of Support: USGS Total Award Amount: $349,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2003-2008 Location of Project: Washington, USA Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Steven Perakis Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Post-fire Nitrogen Fixation in S. Oregon and N. California Coastal Forest

Source of Support: BLM Total Award Amount: $110,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2009 Location of Project: S. Oregon and N. California Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Steven Perakis Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Wildlife Responses to Elwha Dam Removal

Source of Support: USGS Total Award Amount: $210,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2006-2009 Location of Project: Washington, USA Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Steven Perakis Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Nutrient Limitations to Growth of Western Oregon Douglas-fir Forests

Source of Support: Consortium of State and Private Forestry through OSU Total Award Amount: $204,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2006-2012 Location of Project: Western Oregon and Washington Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Andrew Plantinga Support: x Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Big Sky Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership – Phase II.

Source of Support: Montana State University Total Award Amount: $100,000 Total Award Period Covered: 10/05-10/10 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0.5 mo. Cal: x Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Andrew Plantinga Support: x Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Land Condition Projections and Analysis for the 2010 RPA Assessment

Source of Support: U.S. Forest Service Total Award Amount: $69,000 Total Award Period Covered: 8/05-9/09 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 month Cal: x Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Andrew Plantinga Support: x Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: National-level Projections of Land Conditions with Applications to Impacts of Climate Change

Source of Support: U.S. Forest Service Total Award Amount: $38,000 Total Award Period Covered: 8/07 - 9/10 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 mo. Cal: x Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Andrew Plantinga Support: x Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Interpretation, Documentation, and Presentation of 2010 Land Projection Results and Scenario Analysis

Source of Support: U.S. Forest Service Total Award Amount: $35,847 Total Award Period Covered: 9/07 – 8/10 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0.5 mo Cal: x Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Andrew Plantinga Support: x Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Establishing Linkages Between Land-use Projections and the U.S. Forest Assessment System

Source of Support: U.S. Forest Service Total Award Amount: $38,000 Total Award Period Covered: 6/08 – 5/11 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 mo. Cal: x Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY Investigator: Andrew Plantinga Support: x Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Integrated Dynamic Modeling of Ecosystem Services - Incentive-Based Policies, Land-Use Decisions and Ecological Outcomes. Source of Support: National Science Foundation Total Award Amount: $1,500,000 Total Award Period Covered: 7/08 – 6/11 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 mo. Cal: x Acad: Sumr:

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Thomas G Pypker Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Effect of invasive earthworms on the hydrology of northern hardwood fores

Source of Support: McIntire-Stennis - USDA Total Award Amount: $21,000.00 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-09 Location of Project: Huron Mountain Club - Upper Pennisula, Michigan Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Catherine Tarasoff, Thomas Pypker, Linda Nagel Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Achieving bond release and invasive species control through copper treate

Source of Support: Office of Surface Mining Total Award Amount: $122,466.00 Total Award Period Covered: 2008-09 Location of Project: Wyoming Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: 0.5 Sumr: Investigator: James Rivard, James Schimerer, Thomas Pypker Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Michigan Tech Ford Center & Research Forest Water Quality Management Demo

Source of Support: DEQ Total Award Amount: $229019.00 Total Award Period Covered: 2008-11 Location of Project: Alberta, MI Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: 0.25 Sumr: Investigator: Thomas G Pypker, Barbara Bond, Mike Unsworth, Brian Lamb, Johan Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Collaborative Research: Mountain winds revesal ecossytem processes in co

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $222176 Total Award Period Covered: 2008-11 Location of Project: H J Andrews Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: 1 *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Seabloom, Kaye, Perakis Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Restoration of Threatened Kincaid’s Lupine: Biogeochemistry meets Conserv

Source of Support: USGS Total Award Amount: $19,720 Total Award Period Covered: 7/1/2006 - 6/30/08 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Seabloom, Borer Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Factors Affecting Valley and Blue Oak Regeneration in Upper Carmel Valley

Source of Support: Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program Total Award Amount: $33,545 Total Award Period Covered: 9/01/2005- 8/31/2010 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Seabloom, Borer Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Predicting the effects of environmental change and host diversity on the

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $651,963 Total Award Period Covered: 9/01/2005- 8/31/2010 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 3% Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Jones et al. Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Management and Analysis of Environmental Observatory Data using the Keple

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $46,519 Total Award Period Covered: 10/01/2006- 9/30/2010 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 11% Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Seabloom, Hacker, Ruggiero Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Integrating invasion ecology and dune geomorphology to project coastal vu

Source of Support: NOAA Oregon Sea Grant Total Award Amount: $179,291 Total Award Period Covered: 6/2008-6/2010 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 4% Cal: Acad: Sumr:

Investigator: Seabloom, Borer Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: RCN: Coordination of the Nutrient Network (NutNet), global manipulations

Source of Support: National Science Foundation Total Award Amount: $383,304 Total Award Period Covered: 2/01/2008- 1/31/2012 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2% Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Seabloom Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Dune grass invasions and coastal protection: forecasting the effects of c

Source of Support: EPA/NCER Total Award Amount: $598,857 Total Award Period Covered: 1/2008 – 12/2011 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 8% Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Seabloom, Borer Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: The Nutrient Network (NutNet): quantifying the effects of nutrients and c

Source of Support: National Science Foundation Total Award Amount: $399,375 Total Award Period Covered: 8/1/2008-7/31/2012 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 6% Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: John S. Selker Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Pilot Hydrologic Measurement Facility

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $63,725. Total Award Period Covered: 09/01/05-08/31/08 Location of Project: Switzerland & Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 4 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: John S. Selker Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Light-Transmission Visualization of Colloid Transport at theMeso Scale

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $256,766 Total Award Period Covered: 9/1/06-8/31/09 Location of Project: Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: John S. Selker Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Fiber Optic Observation

Source of Support: OWEB Total Award Amount: $325,000 Total Award Period Covered: 9/24/07-10/31/10 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: 3 Sumr: Investigator: John S. Selker Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Headwater Stream Processes Revealed by Continuous Ultra-High Resolution

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $314,000 Total Award Period Covered: 9/1/07-8/31/10 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: 1 Sumr: Investigator: John S. Selker Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Evaluation of Optical Fiber Distributed Temperature Sensors.

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $19,981 Total Award Period Covered: 01/01/08-12/31/09 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr:

Investigator: John S. Selker Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: City of Woodburn - Hyporehic treatement of Tertiary Wastewater

Source of Support: CH2M Hill Total Award Amount: $92,000 Total Award Period Covered: 01/01/08-12/31/09 Location of Project: Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: 4 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Sarah L. Shafer Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Assesing potential climate change impacts on national parks in the Pacifi

Source of Support: U.S. National Park Service Total Award Amount: $168,877 Total Award Period Covered: 2010-2012 Location of Project: U.S. Geological Survey, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1.25 Cal: 1.25 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Sarah L. Shafer Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Developing a climate-sensitivity database for Pacific Northwest national

Source of Support: U.S. Geological Survey, BRD (NRPP Research) Total Award Amount: $ 0 Total Award Period Covered: 2009-2011 Location of Project: U.S. Geological Survey, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0.5 Cal: 0.5 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Sarah L. Shafer Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Future climate data for the Pacific Northwest

Source of Support: The Nature Conservancy Total Award Amount: $0 Total Award Period Covered: 2008 Location of Project: U.S. Geological Survey, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0.5 Cal: 0.5 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Shaw, D.C, D. Adams, G. Latta, J. Stone, L. Coop. Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: A Multifunctional Model For Forest Management Planning In The Oregon Coas

Source of Support: CSREES, NRI Total Award Amount: $ Total Award Period Covered: Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: a/a Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Shaw, D., S. Fitzgerald, L. Ganio Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Developing a post-fire model validation technique

Source of Support: USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station Total Award Amount: $31,607 Total Award Period Covered: Jan-Dec 2008 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: n/a Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Shaw, D.C., P. Oester, G.Filip Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Forest Pest Pocket Guide and Training Sessions.

Source of Support: Oregon Forest Resources Institute Total Award Amount: $$26,000 Total Award Period Covered: July 1, 2007- June 30 2008. Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 2 Cal: 2 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Shaw, D., S. Fitzgerald, L. Ganio

Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Evaluation of models used to predict post-fir tree mortality.

Source of Support: USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station

Total Award Amount: $$23,700 Total Award Period Covered: June 30 2007 – Dec 30, 2007 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Shaw, D Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Annual Budget Swiss Needle Cast Cooperative

Source of Support: Member dues, state legislature Total Award Amount: $$227,400 Total Award Period Covered: Jan 1 – Dec 31, 2008 Location of Project: OSU Person-Months Per Year Committed: 3 Cal: 3 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Thomas Spies Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Effects of landscape history, landscape pattern, and weather on wildfire

Source of Support: USDA, USDI Joint Fire Sciences Program Total Award Amount: $291,333 Total Award Period Covered: 2004 to 2008 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1.5 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Thomas Spies Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Interactions, dynamics and adaptation in coupled natural human systems in

Source of Support: NSF, Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems Total Award Amount: $1,500,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2008-2011 Location of Project: Person-Months Per Year Committed: 4 Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Brent S. Steel Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Rural Sustainability

Source of Support: National Science Foundation Total Award Amount: $2,500,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2008-2013 Location of Project: Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Brent S. Steel Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Development of a Model Community Data Base

Source of Support: Ford Family Foundation Total Award Amount: $27,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2006-08 Location of Project: Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Brent S. Steel Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Changing Expectations for Science and Scientists in Natural Resources

Source of Support: National Science Foundation Total Award Amount: $200,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2004-2008 Location of Project: Oregon State University Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Frederick J. Swanson Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest LTER (6th grant cycle)

Source of Support: National Science Foundation Total Award Amount: $0 Total Award Period Covered: 2009-2015 Location of Project: Corvallis and Blue River, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Frederick J. Swanson Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest LTER (5th grant cycle)

Source of Support: National Science Foundation Total Award Amount: $12,000/yr Total Award Period Covered: 2002-2008 Location of Project: Corvallis and Blue River, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 1 Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Stephen B. Taylor Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Influence of Geomorphic Processes on Decadal-Scale Sediment Yield

Source of Support: NSF/LTER/ROA Program at HJ Andrews Total Award Amount: $13,000 Total Award Period Covered: 3/07-3/08 Location of Project: Andrews Experimental Forest Person-Months Per Year Committed: 6 Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Desiree D. Tullos Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Summer Institute in EcoInformatics

Source of Support: NIBIB-NSF Total Award Amount: $581,291 Total Award Period Covered: 2006 - 2011 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Desiree D. Tullos Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Evaluating the effects of dams on social dynamics.

Source of Support: NSF - HSD Total Award Amount: $124,792 Total Award Period Covered: 2006-2008 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Desiree D. Tullos Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: How Does Oregon’s State Land Use Planning System Affect Rural Sustainabil

Source of Support: Sustainable Rural Communities Innovative Project Fund Total Award Amount: $6,000 Total Award Period Covered: 2006-2007 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Desiree D. Tullos Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Building SWAMPs in Coastal Oregon Communities

Source of Support: CICEET Total Award Amount: $199,327 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2008 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: Investigator: Desiree D. Tullos Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Brownsville and Sodom Dam Removals

Source of Support: OWEB Total Award Amount: $426,354 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2010 Location of Project: – Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr:

Investigator: Desiree D. Tullos Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Phosphorus dynamics of wetland management around Upper Klamath and Agency

Source of Support: USFW Total Award Amount: $58,594 Total Award Period Covered: 2007-2008 Location of Project: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: Michael H. Unsworth Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Airsheds, isotopes and ecosystem processes in complex terrain

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $792,391 Total Award Period Covered: 8/15/04-815/08 Location of Project: Oregon State University; H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: 1 Investigator: Michael H. Unsworth Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: SIRG: A wireless network of battery-free sensors for atmosphere-biosphere

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $2,498,000 Total Award Period Covered: 09/01/04-09/01/09 Location of Project: Oregon State University, HJ Andrews LTER Person-Months Per Year Committed: Cal: Acad: Sumr: 1 *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Current and Pending Support The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Investigator: J.A. Yeakley Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Rainwater Detention Testing and Modeling

Source of Support: EPA/Costa Pacific Communities Total Award Amount: $49750 Total Award Period Covered: Jul05-Jun08 Location of Project: Wilsonville, OR Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0.67 Cal: 0 Acad: 0 Sumr: 0.67 Investigator: J.A. Yeakley Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Water Relations for an Invasive Shrub

Source of Support: Center for Invasive Plant Management, Missoula, MT Total Award Amount: $4950 Total Award Period Covered: Location of Project: NW Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 0 Cal: 0 Acad: 0 Sumr: 0 Investigator: J.A. Yeakley Support: Current Pending Submission Planned in Near Future *Transfer of Support Project/Proposal Title: Expansion of an invasive shrub in urban riparian areas

Source of Support: NSF Total Award Amount: $300000 Total Award Period Covered: Jul08-Jun11 Location of Project: NW Oregon Person-Months Per Year Committed: 1 Cal: 0 Acad: 0 Sumr: 1 *If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information immediately preceding funding period. USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY

Facilities at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, as of December 2007 (Year building was completed, approximate square footage)

HEADQUARTERS SITE Offices, Laboratories, Educational Facilities Lab/Office Building (1993, 5400 sq ft) Five offices; 5 labs with 16 desk spaces (2 chem labs with fume hoods; 3 dry labs, one with dust hood); computer room with 7 desk spaces, library/conference room; 2 lobbies Education Building (1999, 4800 sq ft) Auditorium/conference room (cap 100); laboratory classroom (cap 30); 3 small offices; lobby with small kitchen, deck Salt Salmon Pavilion (1993, 1700 sq ft) Open-sided pole bldg/shelter with slab floor, power & water Walk-in Cooler/Archive (1989, 750 sq ft) Connected to Education Bldg above, walk-in refrigerator for sample storage; and adjacent dry, unheated storage for archived samples Residences/Dining Quartz Creek (1992, 5900 sq ft) Quadruplex apartment bldg: three, 5-bedroom, 2-bathroom apartments, cap 10 each; one, 4-bedroom, 2-bath apartment, cap 8; all apartments have kitchens, living/dining rooms Roswell Ridge (1993, 6400 sq ft) Quadruplex apartment bldg: four, 4-bedroom, 2-bath apartments, cap 8 each, all apartments have kitchens, living/dinning rooms Rainbow (1994, 3200 sq ft) Triplex apartment bldg: one, 4-bedroom, 2-bath apartment with garage/storage, cap 10; two, 2-bedroom, 1-bath apartments, cap 4 each, all apartments have kitchens, living/dining rooms Cafeteria (2002, 4300 sq ft) Industrial kitchen and large eating area, cap about 70, includes laundromat and 2 restrooms with showers. Caretaker’s Residence (1989, 900 sq ft) Remodeled trailer house, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath, living/dining area Director’s Cabin (1990, 700 sq ft) Shed-roofed cabin, 1 bedroom, 1 bath, living/dining area, storage area Support Facilities/Misc. Snowcat Shop (1988, 2000 sq ft) Four-bay, drive-through garage; wood/mechanic shop; storage Grey Barn (1973, 1000 sq ft) Uninsulated pole barn with small, insulated office space (250 sq ft), used for storage, drying oven along outside wall under shed roof Pump House (1982, 100 sq ft) Covers original well, now used for storage Well House (2005, 80 sq ft) Covers current well Gas House (1994, 100 sq ft) Concrete block bldg with metal roof for flammable materials, adjacent shed roof shelters gas/diesel fuel Recycling Shed (1995, 300 sq ft) Open-sided shed roof shelter for recycling containers

AWAY FROM HEADQUARTERS SITE Information Kiosk (1989) At main entrance to Forest, open shelter with 3 bays to post informational material Lookout Research Camp Cabins (1996, 100 sq ft) One uninsulated plywood cabin with built in cot-sized bunks (4 per cabin), loose concrete block foundations, no power, no water Cooking shelter (1996, 300 sq ft) Open pole bldg, slab floor, no power, no water Emergency Shelters McRae Ck/Hi-15 (1983, 300 sq ft) Insulated cabin with 4 bunks, wood stove, gas stove and refrigerator, outhouse nearby Carpenter Mtn (1987, 250 sq ft) Insulated A-frame, with 2 bunks, wood stove, outhouse nearby

Supplementary Documentation: Databases of Andrews Forest LTER5 The following web address displays a catalog with links to each online database: http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/pubs/grants/lter/lter6/template.cfm?next=dblist08&topnav=120

CODE TITLE BEGIN END Climate MS001 Meteorological data from benchmark stations at the Andrews Experimental 1957 Present Forest MS005 Reference Stand air and soil temperature network at the Andrews 1971 Present Experimental Forest MS007 Snow depth and snow water equivalent measurements along a road 1978 Present course in the Andrews Experimental Forest MS027 Average monthly and annual precipitation spatial grids (1980-1989), 1995 1999 Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) MS028 Average monthly and annual temperature spatial grids (1980-1990) 1995 1999 (Rosentrater thesis), Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) MS029 Mean monthly maximum and minimum air temperature spatial grids (1971- 2002 2002 2000), Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) MS033 Radiation spatial grids, Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) 1995 2002 MS036* Cold air drainage - mobile transect studies 2002 Present Disturbance DF001 Archival records of fire history, 1910-1977, central western Cascades, 1910 1977 Oregon (Burke thesis) DF005 Fire history database of the western United States 1994 1994 DF007 Dendrochronology study of fire history, Andrews Experimental Forest and 1984 1987 vicinity, Oregon (Teensma thesis) DF010* Master tree-ring chronology developed for the Andrews Experimental 1996 1998 Forest DF014 Dendrochronology study of fire history, Blue River watershed, Oregon 1996 1998 (Weisberg thesis) DF018 Spot fire locations (1991), Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) 1991 1991 DF019 Fire history reconstruction (1482 - 1952), Andrews Experimental Forest 1993 1997 and vicinity (GIS) DF020 Fire history dendrochronology study, super old growth data, central western 2002 2002 Cascades, Oregon (Giglia thesis) (GIS) DF026 Potential rapidly moving landslide hazards in Western Oregon, clipped to 1999 2002 Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) GE007* Landslide hazard evaluation in the Upper Blue River watershed, Oregon 1948 Present GE008 Road-related erosion from the February 1996 flood in the Lookout Creek 1999 1999 and Blue River watersheds, Oregon GE009 Upper Blue River geology clipped to the Andrews Experimental Forest 1991 1991 (GIS) GE010 Mass movement disturbance cascade hazards ratings, Andrews 1992 1992 Experimental Forest (GIS) GE012 Landslide inventory (1953-1996), Andrews Experimental Forest and vicinity 1953 1996 (GIS) GS002 Stream cross-section profiles in the Andrews Experimental Forest and 1978 Present Hagan Block RNA

* Planned to be online in 2008

Andrews LTER Database List Page 1 CODE TITLE BEGIN END Disturbance (cont.) GS016 Amount and distribution of coarse woody debris in Lookout Creek, 1991 1991 Andrews Experimental Forest GV002 Landslide chronosequence: Tree, site and vegetation factors in the 1981 1981 Andrews Experimental Forest Landuse DH001 Road construction history (1952 - 1990), Andrews Experimental Forest 1991 1992 (GIS) DH002 Historic salvage sale locations (1954 - 1974), Andrews Experimental 1993 1996 Forest (GIS) GI002 30 meter digital elevation model (DEM) clipped to the Andrews 1996 1996 Experimental Forest (GIS) GI003 10 meter digital elevation model (DEM) clipped to the Andrews 1998 1998 Experimental Forest (GIS) GI006 Adminstrative boundary, Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) 1997 1997 GI007 Transportation network locations, Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) 1991 2005 GI008 Land use designations, Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) 2005 2005 Hydrology HF004 Small watershed streamflow summaries at the Andrews Experimental 1949 Present Forest HF006* Small watershed storm history with peak flows (derived from HF04 1953 1998 summaries) at the Andrews Experimental Forest HF007 Peak flow responses to clear-cutting in small and large basins, western 1933 1991 Cascades, Oregon HF010 Stream hyporheic and ground water (water table) elevation data from 1989 1993 McRae Creek well network, Andrews Experimental Forest HF011 Stream tracer experiments to assess channel and hyporheic residence 2001 2001 times of streams in the Andrews Experimental Forest HF012 Longitudinal profiles and geomorphic descriptions of twelve randomly 2000 2001 selected stream reaches in the Andrews Experimental Forest HF013 Stream network (1976 survey), Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) 1976 1976 HF014 Experimental watershed boundaries and gaging station locations, Andrews 2004 2004 Experimental Forest (GIS) HF015 Hydrologic response units (base units for PRMS streamflow model), 1993 1993 Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) HF016 Flow accumulation grid generated from 10 meter DEM, Andrews 2003 2003 Experimental Forest (GIS) HF020* Hyporheic characteristics along a longitudinal profile of Lookout Creek, 2003 2003 Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon HF024* The role of topography on catchment-scale water residence time, western 2000 2003 Cascades of Oregon (McGuire thesis) HS003 Suspended sediment grab samples in small gauged watersheds in the 1956 1988 Andrews Experimental Forest HS004 Bedload data from sediment basin surveys in small gauged watersheds in 1958 Present the Andrews Experimental Forest HS005 Effects of stand age, season, and elevation on the nutrient and microbial 1995 1996 characteristics of mountain stream fine benthic organic matter * Planned to be online in 2008

Andrews LTER Database List Page 2 CODE TITLE BEGIN END Hydrology (cont.) HS006 The effects of debris flows on stream fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) 1996 1996 characteristics HT001 Periodic stream temperature data (1957-1983) in the Andrews 1956 1983 HT002 Half-hour instantaneous air and stream temperature data from the H.J. 1997 2001 Andrews Experimental Forest, 1997-2001 HT004 Stream and air temperature network at the Andrews Experimental Forest 1976 Present Nutrients and detrital dynamics CF002 Long-term stream chemistry concentrations and fluxes: Small watershed 1968 Present proportional samples in the Andrews Experimental Forest CF004 Stream, hyporheic, and ground water chemistry of McRae Creek in the 1989 1993 Andrews Experimental Forest CF006 Storm nutrient data from Watersheds 1, 2, 9, 10 at the Andrews 2001 2003 Experimental Forest CP002 Long-term precipitation and dry deposition chemistry concentrations and 1968 Present fluxes: Andrews Experimental Forest rain collector samples FS111 Conversion factors for forest products in the Pacific Northwest 1993 1993 SP001 Soil descriptions and data for soil profiles in the Andrews Experimental 1962 1996 Forest, selected reference stands, Research Natural Areas, and National Parks SP002 Soil Moisture and vegetation cover patterns after logging and burning an 1960 1983 old-growth Douglas-fir forest in the Andrews Experimental Forest SP004 Seasonal relationships between soil respiration and water-extractable 1992 1993 carbon as influenced by soil temperature and moisture in forest soils of the Andrews Experimental Forest SP005 Synoptic soil respiration of permanent forest sites in the Andrews 1993 1994 Experimental Forest (1993 REU Study) SP006 Chemical and microbiological properties of soils in the Andrews 1994 1994 Experimental Forest (1994 REU Study) SP007 Disturbance effects on soil processes in the Andrews Experimental Forest 1995 1995 (1995 Stand Age Study) SP008 Effect of thinning pole stands on soil processes in southern Oregon, central 1994 1996 Coast Range, and central western Cascades of Oregon (1994-1995 BLM Study) SP009 Role of vegetation and coarse wood debris on soil processes and 1994 1995 mycorrhizal mat distribution patterns at the Hi-15, Andrews Experimental Forest SP010 Respiration in soils collected from the REU synoptic sample grid in the 1994 1995 Andrews Experimental Forest SP012 The relationship between early succession rates and soil properties in the 1999 2000 Andrews Experimental Forest SP014 Seasonal soil respiration using permanent gas chambers in the Andrews 1994 1996 Experimental Forest SP016 Influence of coniferous tree invasion on forest meadow soil properties on 1998 1998 Bunch Grass Ridge and Deer Creek near the Andrews Experimental Forest

* Planned to be online in 2008

Andrews LTER Database List Page 3 CODE TITLE BEGIN END Nutrients and detrital dynamics (cont.) SP017 Influence of tree-fall gaps on soil characteristics in gaps of varying sizes in 1995 1995 the Andrews Experimental Forest SP018 Influence of microclimate gradients on soil characteristics within tree-fall 1997 1997 gaps in the Andrews Experimental Forest SP019 Influence of tree-fall gaps on soil characteristics in the Andrews 1999 1999 Experimental Forest SP020 Effects of topography on soil characteristics in the Andrews Experimental 1998 1998 Forest SP021 Chemical and biochemical characteristics of soils along transects in stands 1996 1996 SP022 Association of ectomycorrhizal mats with Pacific yew and other understory 1992 1994 trees at the Andrews Experimental Forest and the southern and western Cascades, Oregon SP026 Soil survey (1964, revised in 1994), Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) 1991 1996 SP027 Willamette National Forest soil resource inventory (SRI 1992) clipped to 1992 1992 the Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) SP029 Fungal mat transect mapping, High 15 in the Andrews Experimental Forest 1994 1995 (GIS) SP030 Mycorrhizal map sampling data in different age class plots of Douglas-fir 1992 2005 forests, Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) TD010 Origin of large woody debris in streams in the western Cascades of Oregon 1981 1981 and Washington and the Oregon Coast Range (Helen McDade thesis) TD012 Dimensions and volumes of bark and wood from logs, snags, and stumps 1984 2006 from multiple forests in the United States and Mexico. TD014 Long-term log decay experiments at the Andrews Experimental Forest 1985 Present TD017 Comparison of terrestrial versus aquatic decomposition rates of logs at the 1985 Present Andrews Experimental Forest TD018 Nitrogen fixation and respiration potential of conifer logs at Andrews 1987 2005 Experimental Forest TD020 Respiration patterns of logs in the Pacific Northwest 1986 1996 TD021 Dimensions and volumes of bark and wood from logs, snags, and stumps 1989 2007 from multiple forests in the United States and Mexico TD022 Coarse woody debris density and nutrient data with age determined using 1982 1994 the Chronosequence method TD023 LTER Intersite Fine Litter Decomposition Experiment (LIDET) 1990 2002 TD024 Fine woody detritus volume and mass from line transect inventory 2002 2006 TD025 Log leachates from the Andrews Experimental Forest 1986 1992 TD026 Moisture content of logs from the Andrews Experimental Forest 1985 1988 TD027 Radial thickness of structural-anatomical components of woody plant parts 1985 2007 TD028 Mass of forest floor litter from cores in reference stands and inventory plots 1992 2006 in the Pacific Northwest TD029 Comparision of native litter species occurring at the Andrews Experimental 1993 2003 TD030 Fine woody debris inventory data from reference stands and inventory plots 1992 2000 TD031 Decomposition of Fine Woody Roots: a Time Series Approach 1995 2006 TD032 A chronosequence of woody root decomposition in the Pacific Northwest 1995 1997 TD035 Coarse woody debris volume and mass from line transect inventory from 1997 2006

* Planned to be online in 2008

Andrews LTER Database List Page 4 CODE TITLE BEGIN END Nutrients and detrital dynamics (cont.) TD042 Fall directions and breakage of trees along streams in the Pacific 2000 2002 Northwest TL001 Andrews Experimental Forest Reference Stand component litterfall study 1977 1985 TL003 A study of selected ecosystem parameters potentially sensitive to air 1984 1987 pollutants in the Olympic Peninsula TW003 Sap flow measurements to estimate overstory water use in small 1999 2002 watersheds at the Andrews Experimental Forest TW006 Eco-hydrology of Watershed 1 at the Andrews Experimental Forest 2004 Present (telemetry transect) Biota and diversity AS006 Aquatic Vertebrate Population Study, Mack Creek, Andrews Experimental 1987 Present Forest SA001 Invertebrates of the Andrews Experimental Forest: An annotated list of 1971 Present insects and other arthropods SA002 Vascular plant list on the Andrews Experimental Forest and nearby 1958 Present Research Natural Areas SA003 Bird species list for the Andrews Experimental Forest and Upper McKenzie 1975 1995 River Basin SA004 Amphibian and reptile list of the Andrews Experimental Forest 1975 1995 SA005 Mammal species list of the Andrews Experimental Forest 1971 1976 SA006 Fish species list of the Andrews Experimental Forest 1975 1995 SA007 Benthic algal species list of the Andrews Experimental Forest 1991 1992 SA008 Moss species list of the Andrews Experimental Forest 1991 1991 SA009 Riparian bryophyte list of the Andrews Experimental Forest 1994 1995 SA010 Epiphyte species list of Watershed 10, Andrews Experimental Forest 1970 1972 SA011 Lichen abundance and biodiversity along a chronosequence from young 1993 1993 managed stands to ancient forest (Neitlich thesis) SA012 Macroinvertebrate species list of the Andrews Experimental Forest 1992 1993 SA013 Aquatic Invertebrate species list of Lookout Creek in the Andrews 1988 Present Experimental Forest SA014 Mycorrhizal belowground fungi species list of the Andrews Experimental 1992 1994 Forest SA015 Spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of moths in the Andrews 1994 2004 Experimental Forest SA016 Spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of butterflies in the 1994 1996 Andrews Experimental Forest SA017 Aquatic insect sampling in Lookout Creek at the H.J. Andrews 2001 2001 Experimental Forest SA021 Epiphytic macrolichens in relation to forest management and topography in 1997 1999 a western Oregon watershed (Berryman thesis) SA022 Headwater Stream Macroinvertebrates of the H.J. Andrews Experimental 2003 2004 Forest, Oregon SA023* Exotic plant species distribution along the road network at the Andrews 1994 2006 Experimental Forest, 1994-2005 (GIS) TP041 Post-logging community structure and biomass accumulation in Andrews 1973 Present Experimental Forest Watershed 10 * Planned to be online in 2008

Andrews LTER Database List Page 5 CODE TITLE BEGIN END Biota and diversity (cont.) TP072 Pacific Northwest Plant Biomass Component Equation Library 1961 2000 TP073 Plant biomass dynamics following logging and burning in the Andrews 1962 Present Experimental Forest Watersheds 1 and 3 TP088 Population dynamics of young forest stands as affected by density and 1981 1997 nutrient regime in the Andrews Experimental Forest TP091 Ecosystem dynamics in a mature and an old-growth forest stand (WS02, 1981 1993 HGBK) TP103 Species interactions during succession 1990 Present TP110 Chanterelle productivity responses to young stand thinning in the western 1994 2010 Oregon Cascades TP112 Ecology and restoration of montane meadows on Bunchgrass Ridge near 1999 Present the Andrews Experimental Forest TP114 Plant biomass dynamics following logging, burning, and thinning in 2002 Present watersheds 6 and 7 at the Andrews Experimental Forest TP115 Plant biomass dynamics in old-growth watersheds 8 and 9 at the Andrews 2003 Present Experimental Forest TP119 Vegetation history classification for watersheds 1, 2, and 3 (1959-1990), 1997 1997 Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) TP120* Annual productivity study (Woolley thesis) 2000 2004 TS015 Comparison of arthropod densities on young-growth and old-growth foliage 1986 1986 in the Andrews Experimental Forest TV009 Dendrometer studies for stand volume and height measurements of trees 1978 Present of the western US TV010 Tree growth and mortality measurements in long-term permanent 1910 Present TV019 Cone production of upper slope conifers in the Cascade Range of Oregon 1959 Present and Washington TV030 Decay in standing trees of the Pacific Northwest 1982 1992 TV033 Retrospective Studies of Green Tree Retention in the Pacific Northwest 1993 1993 TV036 Study of streamside mosses at the Andrews Experimental Forest 1994 1995 TV045 Post-fire succession study, Torrey Charlton RNA 1997 Present TV052 Early Succession Study 1999 2000 TV056 Comparisons among five canopy-cover estimating methods in five Douglas-2001 2001 fir/western hemlock structure types in the western Oregon Cascades TV061 Vegetation classification, Andrews Experimental Forest and vicinity (GIS) 1993 2002 TV062 Plant community typing (1990), Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) 1992 1992 TV063* Western Oregon and Washington rasters of potential vegetation 2001 2005 (modeled), clipped to the Andrews Experimental Forest (GIS) TV073* Long-term Plant Phenology Observations at the Andrews Experimental 1979 Present Forest WE008 Ground-dwelling vertebrates, birds, habitat data on the Willamette National 1991 2001 Forest, Oregon (Young Stand Thinning and Diversity Study) WE026 Monitoring small mammal and amphibian abundances on the Willamette 1995 1999 National Forest, Oregon (Long-Term Ecosystem Productivity experiment) WE027 Vertebrate-habitat relationships: Logistic regression models 1998 1999

* Planned to be online in 2008

Andrews LTER Database List Page 6 Andrews Forest LTER Cumulative List of Collaborators and Potential Conflicts-of-Interest

Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Aber John University of New Hampshire X Abrams Marc Penn State University X X X Achterman Gail Oregon State University X Acker Steve US National Park Service X X Adair Carol Uniersity of Minnesota X X Adams Darius X Adams MB USDA Forest Service, WV X Adams Michael US Geological Survey X X Adams Wesley Tom Adelaide Johnson Portland State University/US Forest Service X Adl Sina Dalhousie University X Agee James University of Washington X X Aitkenhead-Peterson J. Texas X X Alber H Jo X Aldridge Cameron Colorado State University X X Alexander John Klamath Bird Observatory X Alig Ralph USFS PNW Research Station X Alley D X Allwine Eugene Washington State University X Alstad Karrin University of Toledo X X Altendorf Eric Google X X Andersen Christian US Environmental Protection Agency X Andersen Eric Oregon State University X Anderson A X Anderson C. US Geological Survey X Anderson Justin USDA Forest Service X Anderson K University of California, Santa Barbra X Anderson Kathy University of Colorado X X Anderson M Bristol University X Anderson Michael D. Macalester College X Anderson Patricia University of Washington X X Anderson Patrick U.S. Geological Survey X Anderson Paul USFS PNW Research Station X Anthoni Peter Max Plank Institute in Biogeochemistry X Antos Joseph University of Victoria X X Arabas Karen Willamette University X X Arango Clay Notre Dame X Argerich Alba University of Barcelona, Spain X X Arighi Louis unknown X Armstrong Ward X Arthur Aaron Ashenfelter Adam Cleverset, Inc X X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Ashkenas Linda Oregon State University X Ashley MV University of Illinois - Chicago X Aubry Keith USDA Forest Service X X Augerot Xan Aulenback B US Geological Survey, Atlanta X Awasthi K X Azarenko Anita N. Oregon State University X X Bachelet D. The Nature Conservancy X X Baldocchi David University of California, Berkeley X Balduman Lisa USDA Forest Service X X Bale Adam University of Missouri X Bales Roger University of California, Merced X Band L University NC X Barboni Doris CEREGE, France X X Barnes Barnes University of Michigan X Barnhard H X Baron J. US Geological Survey X Barry Matthew The Nature Conservancy X Bartlein Patrick University of Oregon XXXX Bates P Bristol University X Battles John University of California-Berkeley X Baumeister Nancy Corvallis, OR X X Beauchamp Eric G. University of Guelph X Beaulier Jake Notre Dame X Beckage Brian University of Vermont X Becker A Potsdam University X Beedlow Peter US Environmental Protection Agency X X Beever Erik U.S. National Park Service X Beldin Sarah US Geological Survey, Corvallis X Ben Johnson Portland State University X Benjumea John Universidad Nacional de Columbia X Benson Barbara University of Wisconsin - Madison (NTL) X Bernot Melody Ball State University X Berrouet, Lina Universidad Nacional de Columbia X Bestelmeyer Stephanie New Mexico State University X Bettinger Pete University of Georgia X Bettmann-Kerson Peter Hampshire College X Betts Matthew Oregon State University X X Beven Keith Lancaster University X Bible Ken University of Washington X Bilby Bob Weyerhauser Corp X Binkley Dan Colorado State University X X Bissonette J US Geological Survey X Black Bryan Oregon State University X X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Black P SUNY-ESF X Blair John Kansas State University X Blanchet CA University of California, Santa Barbra X Blaustein Andrew Oregon State University X Blinnikov Mischa St. Cloud State University X Bliss John Oregon State University X Boehlert George Hatfield Marine Science Center X X X Boerner R.D. Ohio State University X Boersma Larry Oregon State University X Boggs S U of O X Bohannan Brendan University of Oregon X Bolte John Oregon State University X X Bond Barbara Oregon State University X X X Bond-Lamberty Ben University of Wisconsin X Bonell M UNESCO, Paris X Bontti E. Colorado State University X Boone R.D. Alaska X Borchert D NYC Dept. Envir. Prot. X Bormann Bernard USFS PNW Research Station X X Bosley Jon Michael North Platte Conservation District, NE X Bottomley Peter Oregon State University X X Boucher VL University of California, Davis X Boughton David NOAA X Boutton Thomas W. Texas A&M X Bowden B Landcare, N.Z. X X Bowden R.D. Allegheny College X X Bowen Zachary U.S. Geological Survey X Bowling Dave University of Utah X X Box Jason Ohio State University X X Boydston J Oregon State University X Boyle Jim Oregon State University X X Boyle Stephanie A. Oregon State University X X X Brachman Ron Yahoo! X Brammer D X Brandt Leslie University of Minnesota X Branscomb Allan University of Oregon X X Brant Justin B. unknown X X Braun David M. X X Brenner Greg Pacific Analytics X Brenner R.D. Alaska X Breshears D. University of Arizona X Bret-Harte Doni University of Alaska, Fairbanks X Brewer Elizabeth A. Oregon State University X Briggs Cheryl J. University of California, Berkeley X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Brigham Christopher SRI International X X Brockway DG USDA Forest Service, AL X Brodley Carla Tufts University X Broitman BJ NCEAS X Brokaw N University Puerto Rico X Bronstert A Potsdam University X Brooks J.Renee US Environmental Protection Agency X X Brosnan Rebecca Kennedy/Jenks (of Portland, OR) X Brown Phil Colby College X X Brown V X Browning John X X Brubaker Linda University of Washington X X Bruner Howard Oregon State University X X Brunt James University of New Mexico X Brutcher Lisa J. Oregon State University X X Brutsaert Wilfred X Bryenton Andrew none X X Buchanan Bruce retired X Budahn James US Geological Survey Bui Hung SRI International X Bullen Thomas D. US Geological Survey, Menlo Park X X Bunjongsat Waranun unknown X Bunn Windy Klamath Network Inventory & Monitoring Prog. X Burgin Amy Institute for Ecosystem Studies (IES) X Burke Indy Colorado State University X X Burkholder Barbara Oregon State University X X Burnett Kelly USFS PNW Research Station X Burns D X Burton RS Alverno College X Busby PE Stanford University X Busing Richard US Geological Survey X X Busse Rich US Environmental Protection Agency X X Buttle J Trent University X Butts Sally unknown X Cahore Benjamin X Cairns M. US Environmental Protection Agency X X X Caldwell Bruce A. Oregon State University X X Cale William University of North Alabama X X Cao W. Nanjing Agricultural University X X Caplan Joshua Portland State University X X X Cardon Z. University of Conn. X Carey Andrew USFS PNW Research Station X Carter Jaime Cazares-Gonzales Efren Oregon State University X X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Chaer Guilherme Oregon State University X Chan Samuel Oregon State University X X Chapin Terry University of Alaska X Chapman D. University of Melbourne X X Chen Hua University of Illinois-Springfield X X X X Chen Jiquan University of Toledo X Cheng JJ Utah State University X Chertov Oleg European Forestry Institute X Chesson PR Arizona State University X Cheyer Adam SRI International X Chimner Rod Michigan Tech X Chong Geneva U.S. Geological Survey X Chou W. University of California, Irvine X Chozinski Annie Oregon State University X Christianson Jessica Manatee County Mosquito Control District X Christy J University of AL X Church Robbins US Environmental Protection Agency X Cirmo C SUNY-Cortland X X Cissel J Bureau of Land Management, Boise, ID X Clark Peter Hampshire College X Clark Debora University of Missouri X Clebsch Edward University of Tennessee X Clevenger AP Parks Canada. Banff, Alberta X Cliff John B. PNNL X X X Clothiaux Eugene Penn State University X X Clucas Richard Portland State University X Cohen Warren USFS PNW Research Station X X Cohon Jared L. Carnegie Mellon University Colbert Jim Hatfield Marine Science Center X X Cole Jonathan Institute for Ecosystem Studies (IES) X Coleman Dave University of Georgia X Collier Mike X Collins S University New Mexico X Colorado Gabriel Universidad Nacional de Columbia X Colwell Rick Oregon State University X Compton Jana US Environmental Protection Agency X X Comrie T. University of Arizona X X Conklin Dave Oregon State University X Cooley K USDA/ARS X Coop Len Oregon State University X X Cooper A. Oregon State University X X Cooper Clay Desert Research Institute X Cooper Lee University of Tenn X Cooper SD University of California, Santa Barbra X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Cope Gregory NCSU X X Copenheaver Carolyn Virginia Tech X Costes N NASA X Cottingham KL Dartmouth College X Covich Alan University of Georgia X X X Crandall Raelene Louisiana State University X Craner Jeremy Hoefler Consulting Gp X Crenshaw Chelsea Utah State University X Crisafulli CM USDA Forest Service, WA X Cromack Kermit, Jr. Oregon State University X X Crow Susan Queen's University, Belfast X X X Crowl Todd Utah State University X Cumming Gordon X Currens Christopher U.S. Geological Survey X Currie William University of Michigan X X Curry D NYC Dept. Envir. Prot. X Curtis J. USDA NRCS X X Cusack Daniella University of California, Irvine X Cushing Judy Evergreen State University X X Cutshall CD Dept. Transportation, Madison, WI X Czarnomski Nicole Oregon State University X Dahm Cliff University of New Mexico X Dale VH Oak Ridge Natl. Lab, TN X Daly Christopher Oregon State University X X Damon Diane unknown X D'Angelo Donna Proctor Gamble X Datta Ronjon Oregon State University X Daugherty M University of California, Berkeley X Davis Jennifer M. USDA/ARS-Corvallis X Davitz Jeffrey SRI International X Day Michael University of Maine X X DeBano Sandy Oregon State University X DeCant J. Colorado State University X DeCrappeo Nicole Oregon State University X Del Grosso Steve Colorado State University X del Valle Jorge Universidad Nacional de Columbia X DeMeo Thomas USDA Forest Service X X Deng Hongli Oregon State University X Dent Liz Oregon Dept of Forestry X DeRoss Jeff X Devine C ARCADIS, Denver X Diamond Antony University of New Brunswick X X X Diaz David Oregon State University X Dick Richard Ohio State University X X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Dietterich Thomas Oregon State University X X DiGirolamo Larry University of Illinois X X Diner David NASA/Jet Propulsion Lab X X Ditterich Tom Oregon State University X Dobrowolski J Utah State University X Dobson AP Princeton University X Dodds Walter Kansas State University X Doermann Julia Oregon State University X Doggett M. Oregon State University X X Domec J.-C X Domingo Jim none X Domingos Pedro University of Washington X X Donogue Ellen U.S. Forest Service X X Doolittle J USDA-NE X Dovciak Martin SUNY, Syracuse X X Dozier Jeff University of California, Santa Barbara X X X Dragila Maria X Dreher David Seattle Dresner Marion Portland State University X X Driscoll C Syracuse University X X Drummond Mark U.S. Geological Survey X Drury Craig F. Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada X Duane Maureen Oregon State University X Duff Andrew South Coast Wildlands X X Duncan Sally Oregon State University X X X Dunham Sonya Private tree nursery, Southern Oregon X Dutertre Bruno SRI International X Dutton Bryan Western Oregon University X X Dy Jennifer Northwestern University Eberhart Joyce X Edburg Steve Washington State University X Edmonds Robert L. University of Washington X X Edwards Mary University of Southampton X X Edwards R USDA Forest Service X Effler S UFI, Syracuse X Ehler Lester University of California, Davis X Ehleringer Jim University of Utah X X Ehrlich Paul Stanford University X Elliott Lloyd F. retired X Elsenbeer H Potsdam University X Elser Monica Arizona State University X Engler G West Albany High School X Enright Chris University of Oregon X X X Ernst Kristina X X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Estrada-Venegas Edith Inst Nac Polytechnico, Mexico X X Eusterhues K Universitaet Jena, Germany X Evans Shelley University of Washington X Fagre Dan US Geological Survey/Glacier National Park X X Fahey Tim Cornell University X Fahrig L Carleton University - Ottawa, Canada X Falk Matthias University of California, Davis X Fasth Becky Oregon State University X X Faustini John Fern Jacqueline Lane Community College (Oregon) X Fesler Kristel Fessenden Julianna Los Alamos National Labs X Fiedler S Universität Hohenheim, Germany X Field Jennifer Oregon State University X Filip Greg X Filley T. Purdue University X X Filley Tim Purdue University X Findlay Stuart Institute for Ecosystem Studies (IES) X Firestone Mary K. University of California, Berkeley X Fisher Eric US Geological Survey Fitzgerald Stephen Oregon State University X X Fleming Sean BC Hydro, Vancouver, Canada X X Flerchinger Gerald USDA ARS Boise X Flugstad Benjamin X Fomenko Valentina University of Maryland X X X Forbes Graham University of New Brunswick X X X Ford David University of Washington X Forman RTT Harvard University X Forrest Dan unknown X Foster D Harvard University X Frady Charles WA of Fisheries and Wildlife X France R Harvard University X Francis Coreen U.S. Bureau of Land Management X Francis Jennifer Rutgers University X Franklin Jerry University of Washington XXXX Fredeen Arthur University of Northern British Columbia X X X Freeman Elizabeth X Freer J X Freid Matt Freiherr von Schwerin Claudius consulting in Albuquerque, NM X X Friedel Robert 29 Palms, CA X Friedl Mark Boston University Frietag Camille X Gabrielli Julie X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Gajewski Konrad University of Ottawa (Canada) X Ganio Lisa Oregon State University X X Garber-yonts Brian NOAA X Garman Steve US National Park Service X Gartner Barbara Oregon State University X Gasper Daniel J. PNNL X Gathany M. Colorado State University X Gee Glendon PNW Natl. Laboratory X Geier Joel Clearwater Hardrock Consulting X Geier M Western Oregon University X Geiger Sebastian Herriott-Watt Univ., UK X X George Kate U.S.D.A./ARS X Ghandi Ashit Prism Gem, LLC X Ghimire Rama Georgia Southwestern State University X Gibson W. Oregon State University X X Giesler Reiner Sveriges Lantbruks Univesitet X Giglia Sherry Gitelman Alix Oregon State University X X Gitzen Robert University of Missouri X Glatzel S Universtitaet Rostock, Germany X Glueck M. University of Arizona X X Godino John Goff B.G. X Goheen Ellen M. X X Goldman C University California-Davis X Goldwasser LA University of California, Berkeley X Gonzales OR Oregon State University X Goodale C. Cornell University X Goodrich C Oregon State University X Gooseff Michael Penn State University X X X Gorelick Steve Stanford University X Gosnell Hannah Oregon State University X Goulden Micheal University of California, Irvine X Goutowsky Sharon Gower Stith University of Wisconsin X X Grabe M MPI Biogeochemie, Jena, Germany X X Graham C X Gram WK Oklahoma University X Grant Gordon USFS PNW Research Station X X Grassens Leo LSI Logic Inc X Gray Andrew USFS PNW Research Station X X Gray Elizabeth The Nature Conservancy X X Green H X Green Robert NASA/Jet Propulsion Lab X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Greene Sarah USFS PNW Research Station X X Greenland D Louisiana State University X Greenwood Michael University of Maine X X Gregory Chris X Gregory Matt Oregon State University X X Gregory Stan Oregon State University X X Gresswell Robert US Geological Survey X X Gries Corinna Arizona State University X Griffith Stephen M. USDA/ARS-Corvallis X Griffiths Robert P. Oregon State University X X Grigal David University of Minnesota (retired) X Grimm Nancy Arizona State University X Groffman P. Institute for Ecosystem Studies (IES) X Guestrin Carlos CMU X Guggenberger G Martin Luther Universität Halle, Germany X Guyette Richard University of Missouri X Guzy M. Oregon State University X X Gwartney Dr. Patricia University of Oregon X Haddix M. Colorado State University X Hagar Joan US Geological Survey X X Hagedorn Charles retired X Haggerty Roy Oregon State University X Halaj Juraj Cascadian, Inc., Corvallis, OR X X Halbleib M. Oregon State University X X Hale V.C. X Hall C SUNY-ESF X Hall James Oregon State University X Hall Robert University of Wyoming X Hall Sonia The Nature Conservancy X X Hall-McKim Eileen NOAA X X Hallwachs Winifred University of Pennsylvania X Halpern B NCEAS X Halpern Charles University of Washington X X Halse RD Oregon State University X Hamilton Steve Michigan State University X Hammond Paul Oregon State University X Hancock G Newcastle University X Hannaway D. Oregon State University X X Hansen Eric Oregon State University X Hansen Everett X Harcombe Paul Rice University X X Harden John US Geological Survey X Harmon Mark Oregon State University X X X Harris D X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Harrod Richy USDA Forest Service X X Hart Stephen University of Northern Arizona X X Harte Michael Oregon State University X Harvey Charlie MIT X X Hassett J SUNY-ESF X Hauck Mark Oregon State University X Haugo Ryan University of Washington X X Hawkins C Utah State University X Hayes John X Healy Rob CH2M Hill X Heanue K Federal Highway Admin., WA X Hedin Lars Princeton University X X X Heimann Martin Max Plank Institute in Biogeochemistry X Heithecker Troy USFS PNW Station, Juneau X X Helton Ashley University of Georgia X Hemstrom Miles USDA Forest Service X X Henderson Sarah Oregon State University X Hendler Jim RPI X Hendrix Paul F. University of Georgia X Henkels Mark Western Oregon University X Henshaw Don USFS PNW Research Station X X Herrera Maria Universidad Nacional de Columbia X Hibbs David Oregon State University X X Hicks Bill Bethany College X X X X Hierdt N X Hill Brian US Environmental Protection Agency X Hinckley Thomas University of Washington X Hobbie Eric University of New Hampshire X Hobbs Jerry ISI X Hodder Jan University of Oregon X Hoffman Cat Hawkins U.S. National Park Service X X Hoffman Robert U.S. Geological Survey X Hofmann Martin Lockheed ATL X Hofmann Thomas Google X Högberg Mona Sveriges Lantbruks Univesitet X Högberg Peter Sveriges Lantbruks Univesitet X Hogg E. Woods Hole Research Center X Hogsett William US Environmental Protection Agency X Holman Justin MapInfo Predictive Analytics X Holmes Richard Dartmouth College X X X Holt RD University of Florida X Holub Scott Weyerhauser Corp X Homann Peter S. Western Washington University X X Homer Collin U.S. Geological Survey X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Hood Erin University of Alaska, Juneau X Hook Aaron environmental consultant (Santa Barbara, CA) X X Hooker Toby Utah State University X X Hooper R CUASHI, WA X Hoopes J University of WI X Hopp L X Horton David Washington State University X X Hosseini PR Princeton University X Hostetler Steve U.S. Geological Survey X X Houghton Skee Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Howarth Robert Cornell University X Howe Glen Oregon State University X Hubbard Rob USFS Rocky Mtn. Res.Stn. Ft. Collins X X Hulse David University of Oregon X Hummel Susan USDA Forest Service X X Huso Manuella Oregon State University X Ice G NCASI, Corvallis X Ilunga Kikombo Impara Peter Inamdar S X Ingham Russell Oregon State University X Ingram Helen University California-Irvine X X Iorgulesccu Ion Switzerland Irvine James Oregon State University X Isbell Charles Georgia Institute of Technology X Israel David SRI International X Iverson Justin Golder Associates X Iyob Biniam Jaakkola Tommi MIT X Jackson R University of GA X Jahn R. Martin Luther Universität Halle, Germany X X James A X Janisch Jack Washington DEQ X X X Janzen Dan University of Pennsylvania X Jayasena Chandra X Jayawickrama Keith X Jefferson Anne University of North Carolina--Charlotte X X Jenkins Kurt US Geological Survey X X Jenkins Noah Johnson Creek Watershed Council X X Jennings Gregory NCSU X X X Jenson Laura X Jepson P. Oregon State University X X Jessup Steven Southern Oregon University X Johnson Donald University of Illinois Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Johnson G. USDA NRCS X X Johnson H. US Geological Survey X X Johnson HA US Environmental Protection Agency X Johnson KN Oregon State University X Johnson Loretta Kansas State University X Johnson Mark US Environmental Protection Agency X X Johnson Norm Oregon State University X Johnson Randy X Johnson Ronald U.S. Geological Survey X Johnson Samuel U.S. Geological Survey X Johnson Sherri USFS PNW Research Station X X Johnston C. S. Dakota X Johnston Pat Bureau of Land Management X Jones Chad Connecticut College X X Jones Cynthia University of Connecticut X Jones Eric Institute for Culture and Ecology X X Jones Julia Oregon State University X X Jones Kenneth L. University of Georgia X Jones Sarah J. Oregon Department of Agriculture X Jordan Tom Smithsonian Environmental Research Center X Joshi Saket Tufts University X Julie Clark private citizen X Jumpponen Ari M. Kansas State University X Kaelbling Leslie MIT X X Kageyama Stacie A. Oregon State University XX Kahle M EAWAG, Zurich, Switzerland X X Kaiser K Martin Luther Universität Halle, Germany X Kalbitz K Universitaet Bayreuth, Germany X Kalma J Newcastle University X Kambhampati Subbarao Arizona State University X Kanaskie Alan X Kaplan Nicole Colorado State University X Karberg Noah USDA Forest Service X Kareiva Peter The Nature Conservancy X Kate Norton Portland State University X Kato Seiji Hampton University X Kauffman Matthew U.S. Geological Survey X Kaushal S. Maryland X Kautz Henry University of Rochester X Kavanagh Kathleen University of Idaho X X Kayler Zac Oregon State University X X Keim R X Kelley Mike unknown X Kellogg Chev University of Michigan X X X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Kelm Michael University of Heidelberg X Kendall BE University of California, Santa Barbra X Kendall C. US Geological Survey X X Kendall K X Kennedy Rebecca USFS PNW Research Station X X X Keon Dylan Oregon State University X X Kern C USDA Forest Service, MN X Kertis Jane USDA Forest Service X Kerwin Michael University of Denver X Khan Anindita North East Hills University X Khangoankar Tarang Battelle/PNNL X Kibler Kelly Oregon State University X Kim K X King Jennifer University of Minnesota X Kite J. Steven West Virginia University X Kittel T. Inst. Of Arctic and Alpine Res X X Kleber Markus Oregon State University X Kline Jeff USFS PNW Research Station X X Kloeppel Brian University of Georgia X Klopatek Jeff University of Arizona X Kloppel Brian University of Georgia X Kluber Laurel A. Oregon State University X Knick Steven U.S. Geological Survey X Knicker H TU Muenchen, Germany X Knops JMH University of Nebraska X Koenig WD University of California, Berkeley X Kögel-Knabner I TU Muenchen, Germany X Kokkeler Ken US Navy X Kolka Randy USDA Forest Service X Kosovich John U.S. Geological Survey X Kraft Erika X Kramer Marc University of California, Santa Cruz X X Krankina Olga Oregon State University X X Kraynick R. Oregon State University X X Kroll C SUNY-ESF X Kulpillis Malia X Kumar P University of IL X Kumar V X Lach Denise Oregon State University X X Lachenbruch Barbara Oregon State University X X X Lackey Robert US Environmental Protection Agency X X Lajtha Kate Oregon State University X X Lamb Brian Washington State University X X Lambert Beth Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Lamberti Gary Notre Dame X Lancaster Stephen Oregon State University X Landers Dixon US Environmental Protection Agency X Lang Nicole High School, Mt .Vernon, WA X X Langford William RMIT Melbourne X X LaNier Justin CH2M Hill X X Lara Wilson Universidad Nacional de Columbia X Larios EN University of Washington X Larson Kelli University of Arizona X Latta Greg X Lauenroth William Colorado State University X Laurence John USDA Forest Service X Law Beverly Oregon State University X X Lawler Joshua University of Washington X X Lawrence G US Geological Survey X Ledbetter Ernie U.S. Forest Service X Lefsky Michael A. Colorado State University X X Leibundgut C Freiberg University X Leigh Mary Beth University of Alaska-Fairbanks X Lenhartzen Valerie Boise State University X Leniham J. Oregon State University X X Lesser Victor University of Massachusetts X Li Judith Oregon State University X X Li C. Chinese Academy of Ag. Sci. X X Li Xia Stanford University X Licata Julian Oregon State University X X X Liebowitz Scott US Environmental Protection Agency X Lilleskov Erik USDA Forest Service X Lindenmayer David Australian National University X Link Tim University of Idaho X X X Lipow Sarah X List Peter Oregon State University X X Littke Willis X X Littlefield Sam Loaiza Lina Universidad Nacional de Columbia X London Sharon Lotsch Alexander World Bank Lovett Gary Institute for Ecosystem Studies (IES) X Lovrich Nicholas Washington State University X X Lowman Meg X X Lozano-Perez Tomas MIT X X Lu A. Chinese Academy of Ag. Sci. X X Lu H. Zhejiang Normal Univ X X Luce C USDA X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Lugo A USDA Forest Service, San Juan, PR X Luh HK Oregon State University X X Luo T. Chinese Academy of Ag. Sci. X X Luo W. Nanjing Agricultural University X X Luoma Dan X Lutz James University of Washington X X Lytle David Oregon State University X MacFarlane David Michigan State University X Mack Michelle University of Florida X Macomber Marcia Madej Mary Ann U.S. Geological Survey X Magee Darrin Hobart and Smith X X Maguire Chris Oregon Dept. of Trans. X Maguire Douglas A. Oregon State University X X Mainwaring Douglas Oregon State University X X Major JJ US Geological Survey, WA X Mallory-Smith Carole Oregon State University X Malstrom CM Michigan State University X Manter Dan U.S.D.A./ARS-Denver X X Mara James Washington Department of Environment X X Margineantu Dragos Boeing X X Marino S NYC Dept. Envir. Prot. X Mark William SRI International X Marks Andrea Oregon State University X Marks Danny USDA ARS Boise X X Marmout Andre X Marosi Tisha K. XX Marron J. USDA NRCS X X Marshall John University of Idaho X X Marshall Sarah Oregon State University X Marti Eugenia CEAB/CSIC, Blanes, Spain X X Martinez L University of Guadalajara X Marx Zvika unknown X X Mateas Michael University of California, Santa Cruz X Mathiasen Robert L. X Matson Pam Stanford University X Maurer Edwin Santa Clara University X Mazurkewicz A X McCallum Andrew University of Massachusetts X McCartney Peter National Science Foundation X McClain Michael FIU X McComb Brenda University of Massachusetts, Amherst X X McConnaha Willis Jones & Stokes (of Portland, OR) X McCormick Frank USDA Forest Service X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc McCullough AJ Cornell University X McDonnell Jeff Oregon State University X McDowell Bill University of New Hampshire X McDowell Nate Los Alamos National Labs X X X McGlynn B XX McGrath Daniel Oregon State University X McGuinness Deborah Stanford University / RPI X McGuire David University of Alaska X McGuire K X McGurk B USDA Forest Service X McHale M X McIntosh J X McIver James Oregon State University X McKane Robert US Environmental Protection Agency X X McKee Art University of Montana X McKenzie Donald USDA Forest Service X X McLain Rebecca Institute for Culture and Ecology X X McMahon Shawna University of California, Santa Barbra X McRae Brad NCEA X X McSwiney Claire Michigan State University X McTavish Kate Oregon State University X Medley Brooke Oregon State University and University of Wash X Meigs Lucy none X X Meinzer Frederick USFS PNW Research Station X X Meleason Mark USDA Forest Service X Melillo Jerry Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole X Melson Susanna none X X Menard Nicole University of Oregon X Mertz C Martin Luther Universität Halle, Germany X X Meyer Judy University of Georgia X X Meyers Liz Willamette Educational and Resources Network X Michalski Ryszard deceased X Micheli F Stanford University X Michell Steve Oregon State University X X X Michener R. Boston University X X Mikutta C ETH Zurich, Switzerland X X Mikutta R Martin Luther Universität Halle, Germany X X Miller Jeffrey Oregon State University X Miller Kirk U.S. Geological Survey X Miller Jeff Oregon State University X Minckley Thomas University of Wyoming X Misra Arvind K. North East Hills University X X Mitchell Bixby Portland State University X Mitchell CE NC State X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Mitchell M SUNY-ESF X Mitchell Steve Oregon State University X Mix Alan Oregon State University X X Moeur Melinda X Mohan Sandhya West Virginia University X Moldenke Andrew Oregon State University X X Monleon Vicente J. USFS PNW Research Station X X Monroe Martha University of Florida X Monteith John X Mooney Harold Stanford University X X Mooney Ray University of Texas, Austin X Moore Georgianne Texas A&M X X X Moore John Colorado State University X Moore KD Oregon State University X Moore-Kucera Jennifer Oregon State University X Moreno Adam none X Moreno Flavio Universidad Nacional de Columbia X Morrell Jeff X Mortensen Eric Oregon State University X X Muhs Daniel US Geological Survey Mulholland Pat DOE - Oak Ridge X Munson S. Colorado State University X Murdoch P US Geological Survey X Murdoch William W University of California, Santa Barbra X Murdough David U.S. Forest Service X Musselman R USDA Forest Service, CO X Mutti Glenn Pacific GW Group X Myers Karen SRI International X Myrold David D. Oregon State University X X Nadelhoffer Knute University of Michigan X X Nagel Linda Michigan Tech X Nagy P.T. University of Debrecen, Hungary X Naiman Robert U WA X Nakamura F Hokkaido Univ., Japan X Nakarni Malini X Neale C Utah State University X Neff Jeff University of Colorado X Neilson Ronald U.S. Forest Service X X Nelson Cara University of Montana X X X Neumann Michael University of Giessen X X Newton Al & Margaret Field Museum X X X Newton LA Michigan State University X Nico P LBNL Berkeley X X Nicolello Jon Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Niederer Jess unknown X Nielsen Scott ASRC Management Services X X Ninnemann Jeff Earthworks Environmental X Nolin A. Oregon State University X X Norlander Daniel X Norman John University of Wisconsin X X Nunez Veronica Portland, OR X X Nychka D. NCAR X X O’Connell Kari Oregon State University X X O'Brien Jonathan Michigan State University X Ocheltree Troy Oregon State University X Odion Dennis Southern Oregon University X Oester Paul X Oetter Douglas Oregon State University X Ohmann Janet USFS PNW Research Station X X X Oliver-Smith Anthony University of Florida X Olsen Keith Oregon State University X X Olson DH USDA Forest Service X O'Neill Margaret CH2M-Hill (of Portland, Oregon) X X X Ontanon Santi Georgia Institute of Technology X Or Dani X Orrego Sergio Universidad Nacional de Columbia X Ortiz Jorge USDA Forest Service X Ossiander Mina X Ourada Quin Oregon State University X Owens Ian University of Canterbury X X Owens S. Colorado State University X Owens Tom U.S. Geological Survey X Oyler-McCance Sara U.S. Geological Survey X Ozawa Connie Portland State University X X Paasch Robert Oregon State University X X Pace Micheal Institute for Ecosystem Studies (IES) X Painter Tom University of Utah X X Palik B USDA Forest Service, MN X Pan Feifei Georgia Institute of Technology X X Pancake C. Oregon State University X X Papp M. University of Debrecen, Hungary X Parendes Laurie Parker Geoffrey G. Smithsonian Institution X Parker Lauren Oregon State University X Parlange Jean-Yves X Parlange Marc X Parton William Colorado State University X X Parzybok T. NOAA NWS X X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Pasteris P. USDA NRCS X X Patchett S X Paulson Susan Miami University X Paw U Kyaw Tha University of California, Davis X Payne Meredith Oregon State University X X Peachey Edward Oregon State University X X Pearce A Landcare, N.Z. X Pearch John Washington Department of Ecology X Pederson Neil Eastern Kentucky University X X Pelltier Richard U.S. Geological Survey X X Pennington Deana Penrose David NCSU X X X Perakis Steven S. US Geological Survey, Corvallis X X Peralta R Utah State University X Pereira Fernando Google / U Penn X Perkins Reed Perrault Ray SRI International X Peterjohn William University of West Virginia X Peters J US Geological Survey X Peterson Bruce Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole X Petridis Aristides X Phillips Claire Oregon State University X Phillips Donald US Environmental Protection Agency X X Phillips Nathan Boston University X X Pierce John University of Kansas X X Poggio Tomaso MIT X Poinar George Oregon State University X X Poole Geoff Ecometrics X Poor C.J. X Popa Radu Portland State University X Porter John University of Virginia (VCR) X X Post David CSIRO Potter Jody University of New Hampshire X Power AG Cornell University X Progar Robert USDA Forest Service X X X Pruyn Michelle L. Plymouth State University X X X Przeszlowska A. Colorado State University X Puettmann Klaus Oregon State University X X Punke Michele Pypker Thomas Michigan Tech X X X X Radosevich Steven Oregon State University X X X Ram Ashwin Georgia Institute of Technology X Randerson Jim University of California, Irvine X Rao Sujaya Oregon State University X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Raphael Martin USFS PNW Research Station X Rassweiler Andrew University of California, Santa Barbara X Rastetter Edward Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole X X X Raven Peter St Louis Botanical Garden X Rayner Steve Said School of Business, Oxford University X X Razuvaev V. St. Petersburg Forest Academy X Redmond K. Desert Research Institute X X Reeves Gordon USFS PNW Research Station X X Reger A Willamette Natl. Forest X Reheis Marith US Geological Survey Remillard Suzanne Oregon State University X X Restificar Angelo Zeta Interactive X X Restrepo David Universidad Nacional de Columbia X Reynolds W. Daniel Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada X Rice Janine Oregon State University X X Rich Jeremy J. Brown University X X X Richard Dick X Richter Dana Michigan Tech X Rillig M.C. Freie Universitaet, Berlin X Rinker Bruce X X Ritchie-Posavatz Nancy J. Global Remediation Technologies, Inc. X X Robbins Danielle Roberts Christie Rocchio Judy U.S. National Park Service X Rodenhouse Nick Wellesely College X X Rodhe A Uppsala University X Rodriguez Jorge University of Arizona X Rolph Michele Boston University X Rosenstein Michael unknown X X Roth Dan University of Illinois Urbana X Roth Travis X Rowe L Landcare, N.Z. X Rudestam Kirsten University of Oregon X X X Rudnicki Mark X Ruess Roger W. University of Alaska-Fairbanks X Ruffner Charles Southern Illinois University X X Rugh William US Environmental Protection Agency X Rundel Philip UC Los Angeles X Running Steve University of Montana X Ruppert David Cornell University X X X Russo Sandra University of Florida X Ryan Mike G. USFS Rocky Mtn. Res.Stn. Ft. Collins X X Rygiewicz Paul US Environmental Protection Agency X X Rykken Jessica Harvard University X X X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Sala Oswaldo Brown University X Sanderson Steve Wildlife Conservation Society X Sanford Stephanie Oregon State University X X Santelmann Mary Oregon State University X X Saracco James Institute for Bird Populations X Sarnat Eli University of California - Davis X Sarr Daniel U.S. National Park Service X X Sattherthwaite Paul Oregon State University X Satyal Vijay Dept. Of Environmental Quality, Virgina X X Saul Lawrence University of California, San Diego X Sauter K X Savenije H TU Delft X Sawada Mike University of Ottawa (Canada) X Sayama T X Sayde Chadi X Scambos Ted University of Colorado X Schaaf Crystal Boston University X X Schafter Daniel Oregon State University X X Schenk Christopher U.S. Geological Survey X Schiff S University Waterloo X Schimel David NEON. Inc. X Schlesinger William Institute for Ecosystem Studies (IES) X X Schmalenberg Jeff Montana Dept. of Natural Resources and Cons. X X Schmink Marianne University of Florida X Schoenholtz Stephen Virginia Tech X Schrader Barb USDA Forest Service X Schreiner Edward US Geological Survey X X Schulze E. D. Max Plank Institute in Biogeochemistry X Schumaker Nathan US Environmental Protection Agency X X Schuur Ted University of Florida X Schwartz John University of Tennessee X Schwendenmann L Universitaet Goettingen, Germany X Seabloom EW Oregon State University X Seavey Nat Klamath Bird Observatory X Seely B. Weyerhauser Corp X Seibert J X Selker J Oregon State University X Selkowitz David US Geological Survey X X Serreze Mark University of Colorado X Sexton Jay Oregon State University X X Shafroth Pat US Geological Survey X X Shanley J US Geological Survey X Shapiro Linda University of Washington X X Sharp Melanie Normandeau Associates (Washington) X X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Shaver Gaius Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole X Shaw David Oregon State University X X Sheehy Samantha Sheibley Richard US Geological Survey X Sheldon Wade University of Georgia X X Shen J. Zhejiang Normal Univ X X Shen Rongkun Oregon State University X Sherlock M X Sherry Yang Oregon Inst. Of Technology Shi Jianchen University of California, Santa Barbara X Shi X. Chinese Academy of Ag. Sci. X X Shindler Bruce Oregon State University X X Shugart Herman University of Virginia X X Shumaker Nathan USFS PNW Research Station X Shuman Bryan University of Minnesota X Shurin JB University of British Cloumbia X Sidle R Singapore University X Siegel D Syracuse University X Sierra Carlos Oregon State University X X Sillett Scott Smithsonian Institution X X Silver Rebecca University of Oregon X Silver Whendee University of California, Irvine X X Simon Christopher University of Nevada X X X Sinha Sriprakash unknown X Sinton Diana Siregar A Ambon, Indonesia X X Sivapalan S University of Illinois X Skaugset Arnie III Oregon State University X X Skip Jossh US Geological Survey Smith Courtland Oregon State University X X Smith J. I. Oregon State University X X X Smith Jonathon Smith Matthew Florida State University X Smith Sean Klamath Network Inventory & Monitoring Prog. X Smith T US Geological Survey X Smith Jane E. USFS PNW Research Station X X Smithwick Erica Hoffa Penn State University X X X Snyder RE Case Western Reserve X Sobota Dan Washington State University X Sollins Phil Oregon State University X X Solomon Allen USDA Forest Service X X Som Nicholas Oregon State University X X X Sommer M ZALF Müncheberg, Germany X Song Bo X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Sonoda Kazuhiro Heritage University X X Spatafora Joseph W. Oregon State University X X Spears Diana University of Wyoming X Spears Julie unknown X Sperling D University California-Davis X Spies Thomas USFS PNW Research Station XXXX Sproles Eric Oregon State University X Sprugel Douglas University of Washington X X Spycher Gody Oregon State University X Squeochs Graysen Oregon State University X Stallins Tony Florida State University X Steel Brent Oregon State University X X Steenhuis Tammo X Steffen Koni University of Colorado X X Steiner Jeffrey J. USDA/ARS-Beltsville X Steinkamp Matt Stephenson Nate US Geological Survey X Stevens Carla Oregon State University X Stewart Elaine Metro (of Portland, Oregon) X X Stewart M INGS-NZ X Stewart-Oaten Allan University of California, Santa Barbra X Stieglitz Marc Georgia Institute of Technology X X Stone Jeffrey X Storer Andrew Michigan Tech X Strauss Steven Oregon State University X X Stribling S Tetra Tech Inc, MD X Strickland Laura U.S. Geological Survey X X Stroeve Julienne University of Colorado X X Stromberg MV University of California, Berkley--Hastings X Sullivan Lawrence Sulzman Elizabeth W. deceased X Sun C X Sun O. Oregon State University X X Sutton R University of California, Berkeley X Swank Wayne U.S. Forest Service (retired) X X Swanson Fred USFS PNW Research Station X X Swanson Mark X X Swanson S. USDA Forest Service X Swanston C.W. USDA Forest Service X X Swarbrick SL University of California, Santa Barbra X Sweat Michael U.S. Geological Survey X Tague Christina University of California, Santa Barbara X X Takaoka A Senshu University, Japan X Tanaka T Tsukuba University X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Tang Guoping University of Oregon X X X Tank Jen Notre Dame X Tarasoff Catherine Michigan Tech X X Taratoot M X Tarboton D Utah State University X Taylor Colin Trent University X X Taylor D. Lee University of Alaska-Fairbanks X Taylor G. Oregon State University X X Templeton Jeffrey Western Oregon University X X Tennenbaum Joshua MIT X Tepley A X Thill RE USDA Forest Service, TX X Thomann Enrique Oregon State University X X Thomas Steve University of Nebraska X Thomas Suzanne Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole Thomas Sean University of Toronto X Thompson Jonathan Oregon State University X X Thompson Robert U.S. Geological Survey X X Tiedje James M. Michigan State University X Tilman D University of Minnesota, X Tilt Bryan Oregon State University X X Timmins S Oak Ridge Natl. Lab, TN X Tingey David US Environmental Protection Agency (retired) X X X Titus A X Tom Manning Oregon State University X Torgersen Christian U.S. Geological Survey X X Torn MS LBNL Berkeley X X Tóth J.A. University of Debrecen, Hungary X Trappe James M. Oregon State University X X Trappe Matt J. Oregon State University X X Treyfeld Rudolf St. Petersburg Forest Academy X Tromp-VanMeerveld I X Truitt Robert Klamath Network Inventory & Monitoring Prog. X Trummer Lori USDA Forest Service X X Tsuboyama Y Japan Forestry, Tsukuba X Tuffillaro Nick Agilent X Tuladhar Preeti Dept. of Planning, City of Kissimmee, FL X Tullos Desiree Oregon State University X Turetsky Merrit Michigan State University X Turner David Oregon State University X X Turner M University of Wisconsin X Turrentine T University California-Davis X Tyler Scott X Uchida T X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Uhlenbrook S Freiberg University X Unnikrishna P.V. X Unsworth Michael Oregon State University XXXX Uribe Tomas SRI International X X Vache Kellie University Giessin, Germany X Valachovic Yana S. University of California Ext. Serv. X X Valentine David University of Alaska X Valentini Riccardo University of Tuscia X Valett Maurice Virginia Tech X Van de Water Peter California State University - Fresno X X X Van Husen Tiffany Oregon State University X X Van Mantgem Phil US Geological Survey X Van Pelt Robert University of Washington X Van Tuyle S. Oregon State University X X Van Verseveld W X Vande Castle John University of New Mexico X Vandegrift Eleanor Lane Community College (Oregon) X X Vanderbilt K. University of New Mexico X Vannata Lisa Vaughn Caryn University of Oklahoma X X Vega Dan unknown X Veldkamp E Universitaet Goettingen, Germany X VerLinden Carolyn Oregon State University X Versluis Anna Vetterly Martin EPFL Lausanne X Viau Andre University of Ottawa (Canada) X Vickerman Sara Defenders of Wildlife X Villard Marc-Andre University of Moncton X X Vitousek Peter Stanford University X X Vitvar T X Voelker Steve Oregon State University X Vogel Jason University of Florida X X Voytek Mary US Geological Survey, Reston X Vynne Stacy University of Oregon X Waddington Mike McMaster University X Wagener T Penn State University X Wallenstein Matthew D. Colorado State University X Walter Cara Oregon State University X Walters Dave X Wampler Peter Grand Valley St Univ X Wang Xin Microsoft X X Ward Anderson X Waring Richard H. Oregon State University X X X Warner Rebecca Oregon State University X X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Warren Jeff M. X Waterstripe Kirk E. Northwestern Michigan College X Watson David M. X X Watterson Nick Waymire Edward Oregon State University X X Webb, III Thomas Brown University X Weber Bruce Oregon State University X X Weber Edward Washington State University X X Webster Jack Virginia Tech X Wei Y. Met. Inst. Of Inner Mongolia X X Weiler M X Weiss Stuart US Geological Survey X Welker Jeff University Alaska Ankorage X Weller Donald Smithsonian Environmental Research Center X Welsch D X Wemple Beverley West Steven University of Washington X White Denis US Environmental Protection Agency X X White Peter University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill X X White Richard none X Whitebread Ken Lockheed ATL X Whitlock Cathy Montana State University X X Whitmore Johanne University of Ottawa (Canada) X Wiezu G China X Wigington Jim US Environmental Protection Agency X William Ray Oregon State University X X Williams John University of Wisconsin X Williams Mark A. Mississippi State University X X Williams S NCAR, Boulder X Williamson Ken Oregon State University X X Wimberly Michael South Dakota State University X X X X Wing Michael Oregon State University X Winner William E. Oregon State University X X X Winter TC US Geological Survey, CO X Wirth Christian Max Plank Institute in Biogeochemistry X Wolf Aaron Oregon State University X X Wollheim Wil University of New Hampshire X Wolock D US Geological Survey X Wondzell Steve USDA Forest Service X X Wood Brian Oregon State University X X Woodall Christopher USDA Forest Service X X Woodruff David R. Oregon State University X X X Woods R NWARC-NZ X Woodsmith R USDA Forest Service, WA X X Graduate Postdoc Graduate Last name First Name Current Org Affiliation Collaborator Co-author Advisor Sponsor Student Postdoc Woodwell George Woods Hole Research Center X Woody Jennifer Oregon Water Resour Dept X X Wooller Matthew University of Alaska (Fairbanks) X Woolley Travis Oregon State University X X X Wösten H.A.B. Utrecht University, Utrecht X Wright Dawn Oregon State University X X Wright Pam Oregon Department of Environmental Quality X Yamaguchi D University of Washington X Yang W. University of California, Irvine X Yang Zhiquian Oregon State University X X X Yano Yuriko Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole X X Yarwood Rockie R. Oregon State University X Yatskov Misha Oregon State University X X Ye Terrence X Yi Hoonbok Korea Res. Inst. of Biosci. X X Yoklavich Mary NOAA Fisheries X X X Youn H X Youngman Jessica private citizen X Zak D. Michigan State University X Zapata Mauricio Universidad Nacional de Columbia X Zarnetske Jay Oregon State University X X Zasoski Robert University of California, Davis (retired) X Zazula Grant Government of Yukon (Canada) X Zhang W. Chinese Academy of Ag. Sci. X X Zhu H. Chinese Academy of Ag. Sci. X X Zinn Brendan unknown X Zobel Don Oregon State University X Zubek Valentina Aureon Biosciences X X Zumbuhl A X Zyrina Olga Oregon State University X

MASTER SERVICE-WIDE MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING Between the NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION And the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE

07-SU-1113-2650-262

This Master Service-Wide Memorandum of Understanding (SU) is made and entered into between the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, herein referred to as USDA FS, and the National Science Foundation, herein referred to as NSF.

I. PURPOSE The purpose of this SU is to document the continued cooperation of the USDA FS and NSF and to outline the responsibilities by which they may engage in continued productive cooperative activities through the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program. These activities may be furthered by augmentation of existing programs and possibly through addition of new project sites to the LTER Network. Further, increased attention by LTER projects to the interactions among ecological processes and people at local to regional scales, creates additional opportunities for cooperative NSF-USDA FS activities involving USDA FS-administered lands and research projects not now directly engaged at current or potential LTER sites.

II. STATEMENT OF MUTUAL BENEFITS AND INTERESTS NSF initiated the LTER program in 1980 to support long-term studies of ecosystems, including productivity, nutrient cycling, trophic interactions, hydrology, and effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbance processes. LTER has grown from an initial six NSF-supported projects in 1980 to 26 projects since 2004 at sites in North America, the Caribbean, the South Pacific and Antarctica. NSF support is also provided to the LTER Network Office that coordinates cross-LTER activities. The US LTER is the founding member of the International Long-Term Ecological Research program, which now includes over 30 countries organized in to seven regions worldwide and offers other opportunities for cross-agency involvement.

The LTER Network currently includes seven USDA FS projects with substantial involvement of USDA FS Research and National Forest System (NFS) including research by USDA FS scientists, administration of the projects, facilities development and operation, and roles of NFS personnel in implementing experiments. NSF and USDA FS share many common interests in understanding and managing the nation’s natural resources, and in increasing integration of basic and applied research to better guide management and policy decisions for those resources. The USDA FS and NSF enter into this SU to reflect their continued shared commitment to the LTER program to help meet these national objectives. Under joint support of USDA FS and NSF, LTER projects conduct long-term experiments and observation programs for many scientific purposes, in

the form of monitoring ecosystem change; developing and using computer models to increase understanding of ecosystems; analyzing historic data and trends; and operating data/information management systems that provide data for use by site scientists and others.

In consideration of the above premises, the parties agree as follows:

III. The NSF shall: 1. Encourage development of the LTER program by making opportunities available for scientists to compete for funding of research, facilities development, and computing and laboratory instruments relevant to LTER.

2. Foster inter-institutional (e.g., university and Federal agency) make-up of the cadres of site scientists and administrators.

3. Communicate with USDA FS leadership concerning future development of LTER projects to foster and facilitate cooperative development of USDA FS and NSF interests in the LTER program.

4. Assure that data sets acquired and managed with NSF funds are accessible for use by others following protocols on proprietary rights set for the LTER Network.

5. Foster cooperation and coordination among LTER projects through its support of the LTER Network.

IV. The USDA FS Shall: 1. Encourage participation by Research staff (scientists and administrators) and NFS personnel in research programs associated with LTER. This can occur, for example, by providing opportunity for USDA FS scientists to participate in LTER- project and inter-project research programs.

2. Encourage cooperative management of information resources (e.g., data bases) relevant to LTER projects. Such resources are likely to increasingly include data from widely distributed sites.

3. Assure that USDA FS data sets, developed in conjunction with LTER projects, be managed to the standards of quality and access set by NSF-LTER.

4. Communicate with NSF-LTER leadership concerning future development of USDA FS monitoring on USDA FS Experimental Forests and Ranges and elsewhere to foster cooperative development of shared NSF and USDA FS interests in detecting long-term environmental and ecosystem change.

V. It is Mutually Agreed And Understood By And Between The Parties That: 1. Nothing in this document shall obligate either the Department of Agriculture or other signatory to obligate or transfer funds. Specific work projects or activities that involve the transfer of funds, services, or property among various agencies and

office of the Department of Agriculture and other signatories will require execution of separate agreements and be contingent upon the availability of appropriated funds. Such activities must be independently authorized by appropriate statutory authority. This document does not provide such authority. Negotiation, execution, and administration of each such agreement must comply with all applicable statutes and regulations. This document is not intended to, and does not create, any right, benefit, trust responsibility, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity, by party against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or any person.

2. This instrument in no way restricts the USDA FS or NSF from participating in similar activities with other public or private agencies, organizations, and individuals.

3. Either party, in writing, may terminate the instrument in whole, or in part, at any time before the date of expiration.

4. Modifications within the scope of this instrument shall be made by mutual consent of the parties, by the issuance of a written modification, signed and dated by both parties, prior to any changes being performed.

5. The principle contacts for this instrument are:

Deborah C. Hayes Henry L. Gholz USDA Forest Service Division of Environmental Biology 1400 Independence Ave SW, National Science Foundation Mailstop 113 4201 Wilson Blvd. Washington, DC 20250-1113 Arlington, VA 22230 (703) 605-5284 (703) 292-1785.

This instrument is executed as of the last date of signature shown below and expires no later than September 30, 2012, at which time it is subject to review, renewal, or expiration.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this SMU as of the last written date below.

_/s/Deanna J. Stouder______/s/ Henry L. Gholz______DEANNA J STOUDER HENRY L GHOLZ Director, Environmental Science Staff Program Manager, LTER Research and Development National Science Foundation USDA Forest Service

___17 Dec 2007______17 Dec 2007______Date Date

Supplementary Documentation: Publications of Andrews LTER (2002 through 2007, including “in press”)

Please see http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/pubs/biblio/master.cfm?topnav=161 for an online listing of all Andrews Forest publications by author, or select "Publication Search".

Journal Articles

Acker, S. A., J. F. Franklin, S. E. Greene, T. B. Thomas, R. Van Pelt, and K. J. Bible. 2006. Two decades of stability and change in old-growth forest at Mount Rainier National Park. Northwest Science 80:65-72.

Adair, E. C., W. J. Parton, S. J. Del Grosso, W. L. Silver, M. E. Harmon, S. A. Hall, I. C. Burke, and S. C. Hart. [In press]. A simple three pool model accurately describes patterns of long-term, global litter decomposition in the Long-Term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team (LIDET) data set. Global Change Biology.

Anderson, J. K., S. M. Wondzell, M. N. Gooseff, and R. Haggerty. 2005. Patterns in stream longitudinal profiles and implications for hyporheic exchange flow at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. Hydrological Processes 19:2931-2949.

Andréassian, V., E. Parent, and C. Michel. 2003. A distribution-free test to detect gradual changes in watershed behavior. Water Resources Research 39:10-1 to 10-11.

Antoine, M. E. 2004. An ecophysiological approach to quantifying nitrogen fixation by Lobaria oregana. The Bryologist 107:82-87.

Asano, Y., T. Uchida, and J. J. McDonnell. 2005. Searching for post variable source area concept of rainfall-runoff response in headwater. Where does water go when it rains? Journal of the Japan Society of Hydrology and Water Resources 18:459-468.

Ashkenas, L. R., S. L. Johnson, S. V. Gregory, J. L. Tank, and W. M. Wollheim. 2004. A stable isotope tracer study of nitrogen uptake and transformation in an old-growth forest stream. Ecology 85:1725-1739.

Baker, J. P., D. W. Hulse, S. V. Gregory, D. White, J. Van Sickle, P. A. Berger, D. Dole, and N. H. Schumaker. 2004. Alternative futures for the Willamette River Basin, Oregon. Ecological Applications 14:313-324.

Berryman, S., and B. McCune. 2006. Epiphytic lichens along gradients in topography and stand structure in western Oregon, USA. Pacific Northwest Fungi 1:1-38.

Berryman, S., and B. McCune. 2006. Estimating epiphytic macrolichen biomass from topography, stand structure and lichen community data. Journal of Vegetation Science 17:157-170.

Binkley, D. 2004. A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development. Forest Ecology and Management 190:265-271.

Binkley, D. 2003. Seven decades of stand development in mixed and pure stands of conifers and nitrogen-fixing red alder. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33:2274-2279.

Bond, B. 2003. Hydrology and ecology meet--and the meeting is good. Hydrological Processes 17:2087- 2089.

Andrews LTER Publications List Page 1 of 19

Bond, B. J., J. A. Jones, G. Moore, N. Phillips, D. Post, J. J. McDonnell. 2002. The zone of vegetation influence on baseflow revealed by diel patterns of streamflow and vegetation water use in a headwater basin. Hydrological Processes 16:1671-1677.

Bonin, H. L., R. P. Griffiths, and B. A. Caldwell. 2003. Nutrient and microbiological characteristics of fine benthic organic matter in sediment settling ponds. Freshwater Biology 48:1117-1126.

Bottomley, P. J., A. E. Taylor, S. A. Boyle, S. K. McMahon, J. J. Rich, K. Cromack, Jr., and D. D. Myrold. 2004. Responses of nitrification and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria to reciprocal transfers of soil between adjacent coniferous forest and meadow vegetation in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Microbial Ecology 48:500-508.

Bottomley, P. J., R. R. Yarwood, S. A. Kageyama, K. E. Waterstripe, M. A. Williams, K. Cromack, Jr., and D. D. Myrold. 2006. Responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to reciprocal transfers of soil between adjacent coniferous forest and meadow vegetation in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Plant Soil 289:35-45.

Boyle, S. A., J. J. Rich, P. J. Bottomley, K. Cromack, Jr. and D. D. Myrold. 2006. Reciprocal transfer effects on denitrifying community composition and activity at forest and meadow sites in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38:870-878.

Boyle, S. A., R. R. Yarwood, P. J. Bottomley, D. D. Myrold. 2008. Bacterial and fungal contributions to soil nitrogen cycling under Douglas fir and red alder at two sites in Oregon. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40:443-451.

Brant, J. B., D. D. Myrold, and E. W. Sulzman. 2006. Root controls on soil microbial community structure in forest soils. Oecologia 148:650-659.

Brant, J. B., E. W. Sulzman, and D. D. Myrold. 2006. Microbial community utilization of added carbon substrates in response to long-term carbon input manipulation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38:2219- 2232.

Busby, P. E., P. Adler, T. L. Warren, and F. J. Swanson. 2006. Fates of live trees retained in forest cutting units, western Cascade Range, Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:2550-2560.

Caldwell, B. A. 2005. Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity: a review. Pedobiologia 49:637-644.

Chapin, F. S., III, G. M. Woodwell, J. T. Randerson, E. B. Rastetter, G. M. Lovett, D. D. Baldocchi, D. A. Clark, M. E. Harmon, D. S. Schimel, R. Valentini, C. Wirth, J. D. Aber, J. J. Cole, M. L. Goulden, J. W. Harden, M. Heimann, R. W. Howarth, P. A. Matson, A. D. McGuire, J. M. Melillo, H. A. Mooney, J. C. Neff, R. A. Houghton, M. L. Pace, M. G. Ryan, S. W. Running, O. E. Sala, W. H. Schlesinger, and E.-D. Schulze. 2006. Reconciling carbon-cycle concepts, terminology, and methods. Ecosystems 9:1041-1050.

Chen, H, and W. Hicks. 2003. High asymbiotic N2 fixation rates in woody roots after six years of decomposition: controls and implications. Basic and Applied Ecology 4:479-486.

Crow, S. E., E. W. Sulzman, W. D. Rugh, R. D. Bowden, and K. Lajtha. 2006. Isotopic analysis of respired CO2 during decomposition of separated soil organic matter pools. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38:3279- 3291.

Andrews LTER Publications List Page 2 of 19

Crow, S. E., C. W. Swanston, K. Lajtha, J. R. Brooks, and H. Keirstead. 2007. Density fractionation of forest soils: methodological questions and interpretation of incubation results and turnover time in an ecosystem context. Biogeochemistry 85:69-90.

Curtis, A., B. Shindler, and A. Wright. 2002. Sustaining local watershed initiatives: lessons from landcare and watershed councils. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 38:1207-1216.

Cushing, J. B., N. Nadkarni, B. Bond, and R. Dial. 2003. How trees and forests inform biodiversity and ecosystem informatics. Computing in Science and Engineering 5:32-43.

Czarnomski, N. M., G. W. Moore, T. G. Pypker, J. Licata, and B. J. Bond. 2005. Precision and accuracy of three alternative instruments for measuring soil water content in two forest soils of the Pacific Northwest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35:1867-1876.

Daly, C., J. W. Smith, J. I. Smith, and R. B. McKane. 2007. High-resolution spatial modeling of daily weather elements for a catchment in the Oregon Cascade Mountains, United States. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46:1565-1586.

Dent, L., D. Smith, K. Abraham, S. Schoenholtz, and S. Johnson. [In press]. Summer temperature patterns in small streams of the Oregon Coast Range. Journal of the American Water Resources Association.

Divine, C. E., and J. J. McDonnell. 2005. The future of applied tracers in hydrogeology. Hydrogeology Journal 13:255-258.

Dunham, S. M., A. Kretzer, and M. E. Pfrender. 2003. Characterization of Pacific golden chanterelle (Cantharellus formosus) genet size using co-dominant microsatellite markers. Molecular Ecology 12:1607-1618.

Dunham, S. M., T. E. O'Dell, and R. Molina. 2003. Analysis of nrDNA sequences and microsatellite allele frequencies reveals a cryptic chanterelle species Cantharellus cascadensis sp. nov. from the American Pacific Northwest. Mycological Research 107:1163-1177.

Dutton, A. L., K. Loague, and B. C. Wemple. 2005. Simulated effect of a forest road on near-surface hydrologic response and slope stability. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30:325-338.

Elliott, J. C., J. E. Smith, K. Cromack, Jr., H. Chen, and D. McKay. 2007. Chemistry and ectomycorrhizal communities of coarse wood in young and old-growth forests in the Cascade Range of Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37:2041-2051.

Ellison, A. M., M. S. Bank, B. D. Clinton, E. A. Colburn, K. Elliott, C. R. Ford, D. R. Foster, B. D. Kloeppel, J. D. Knoepp, G. M. Lovett, J. Mohan, D. A. Orwig, N. L. Rodenhouse, W. V. Sobczak, K. A. Stinson, J. K. Stone, C. M. Swan, J. Thompson, B. Von Holle, and J. R. Webster. 2005. Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3:479-486.

Ernest, S. K. M. 2005. Body size, energy use, and community structure of small mammals. Ecology 86:1407-1413.

Faustini, J. M., and J. A. Jones. 2003. Influence of large woody debris on channel morphology and dynamics in steep, boulder-rich mountain streams, western Cascades, Oregon. Geomorphology 51:187- 205.

Andrews LTER Publications List Page 3 of 19

Frady, C., S. Johnson, and J. Li. 2007. Stream macroinvertebrate community responses as legacies of forest harvest at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. Forest Science 53:281-293.

Freer, J., J. J. McDonnell, K. J. Beven, N. E. Peters, D. A. Burns, R. P. Hooper, B. Aulenbach, and C. Kendall. 2002. The role of bedrock topography on subsurface storm flow. Water Resources Research 38:1269, doi:10.1029/2001WR000872.

Freer, J. E., H. McMillan, J. J. McDonnell, and K. J. Beven. 2004. Constraining dynamic TOPMODEL responses for imprecise water table information using fuzzy rule based performance measures. Journal of Hydrology 291:254-277.

Garman, S. L. 2004. Design and evaluation of a forest landscape change model for western Oregon. Ecological Modelling 175:319-337.

Gooseff, M. N., J. K. Anderson, S. M. Wondzell, J. LaNier, and R. Haggerty. 2006. A modeling study of hyporheic exchange pattern and the sequence, size, and spacing of stream bedforms in mountain stream networks, Oregon, USA. Hydrological Processes 20:2443-2457.

Gooseff, M. N., J. LaNier, R. Haggerty, and K. Kokkeler. 2005. Determining in-channel (dead zone) transient storage by comparing solute transport in a bedrock channel--alluvial channel sequence, Oregon. Water Resources Research 41:doi:10.1029/2004WR003513.

Gooseff, M. N., S. M. Wondzell, R. Haggerty, and J. Anderson. 2003. Comparing transient storage modeling and residence time distribution (RTD) analysis in geomorphically varied reaches in the Lookout Creek basin, Oregon, USA. Advances in Water Resources 26:925-937.

Griffiths, R., M. Madritch, and A. Swanson. 2005. Conifer invasion of forest meadows transforms soil characteristics in the Pacific Northwest. Forest Ecology and Management 208:347-358.

Griffiths, R. P., and T. Filan. 2007. Effects of bracken fern invasions on harvested site soils in Pacific Northwest (USA) coniferous forests. Northwest Science 81:191-198.

Harcombe, P. A., S. E. Greene, M. G. Kramer, S. A. Acker, T. A. Spies, and T. Valentine. 2004. The influence of fire and windthrow dynamics on a coastal spruce-hemlock forest in Oregon, USA, based on aerial photographs spanning 40 years. Forest Ecology and Management 194:71-82.

Harmon, M. E., K. Bible, M. G. Ryan, D. C. Shaw, H. Chen, J. Klopatek, and X. Li. 2004. Production, respiration, and overall carbon balance in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest ecosystem. Ecosystems 7:498-512.

Haugo, R. D., and C. B. Halpern. 2007. Vegetation responses to conifer encroachment in a western Cascade meadow: a chronosequence approach. Canadian Journal of Botany 85:285-298.

Hausner, G., G. G. Eyjólfsdóttir, and J. Reid. 2003. Three new species of Ophiostoma and notes on Cornuvesica falcata. Canadian Journal of Botany 81:40-48.

Heyborne, W. H., J. C. Miller, and G. L. Parsons. 2003. Ground dwelling beetles and forest vegetation change over a 17-year-period, in western Oregon, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 179:123-134.

Hicks, W. T. M. E. Harmon, and D. D. Myrold. 2003. Substrate controls on nitrogen fixation and respiration in woody debris from the Pacific Northwest, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 176:25- 35.

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Hjerdt, K. N., J. J. McDonnell, J. Seibert, and A. Rodhe. 2004. A new topographic index to quantify downslope controls on local drainage. Water Resources Research 40:doi:10.1029/2004WR003130.

Holub, S. M., and K. Lajtha. 2003. Mass loss and nitrogen dynamics during the decomposition of a 15N- labeled N2-fixing epiphytic lichen, Lobaria oregana. Canadian Journal of Botany 81:698-705.

Holub, S. M., and K. Lajtha. 2004. The fate and retention of organic and inorganic 15N-nitrogen in an old- growth forest soil in western Oregon. Ecosystems 7:368-380.

Holub, S. M., K. Lajtha, J. D. H. Spears, J. A. Tóth, S. E. Crow, B. A. Caldwell, M. Papp, and P. T. Nagy. 2005. Organic matter manipulations have little effect on gross and net nitrogen transformations in two temperate forest mineral soils in the USA and central Europe. Forest Ecology and Management 214:320- 330.

Homann, P. S., M. Harmon, S. Remillard, and E. A. H. Smithwick. 2005. What the soil reveals: potential total ecosystem C stores of the Pacific Northwest region, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 220:270-283.

Homann, P. S., S. M. Remillard, M. E. Harmon, and B. T. Bormann. 2004. Carbon storage in coarse and fine fractions of Pacific Northwest old-growth forest soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 68:2023-2030.

Hood, E., M. N. Gooseff, and S. L. Johnson. 2006. Changes in the character of stream water dissolved organic carbon during flushing in three small watersheds, Oregon. Journal of Geophysical Research. 111:doi:10.1029/2005JG000082.

Horváth, L., E. Führer, and K. Lajtha. 2006. Nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emission from Hungarian forest soils; linked with atmospheric N-deposition. Atmospheric Environment 40:7786-7795.

Hulse, D., and S. Gregory. 2004. Integrating resilience into floodplain restoration. Urban Ecosystems 7:295-314.

Johnson, S. L. 2004. Factors influencing stream temperatures in small streams: substrate effects and a shading experiment. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61:913-923.

Johnson, S. L. 2003. Stream temperature: scaling of observations and issues for modelling. Hydrological Processes 17:497-499.

Johnston, C. A., P. Groffman, D. D. Breshears, Z. G. Cardon, W. Currie, W. Emanuel, J. Gaudinski, R. B. Jackson, K. Lajtha, K. Nadelhoffer, D. Nelson, Jr., W. M. Post, G. Retallack, and L. Wielopski. 2004. Carbon cycling in soil. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2:522-528.

Jones, C. C., C. B. Halpern, and J. Niederer. [In press]. Plant succession on gopher mounds in western Cascade meadows: consequences for species diversity and heterogeneity. American Midland Naturalist.

Jones, J. A., and D. A. Post. 2004. Seasonal and successional streamflow response to forest cutting and regrowth in the northwest and eastern United States. Water Resources Research 40:doi: 10.1029/2003WR002952.

Kageyama, S. A., N. R. Posavatz, K. E. Waterstripe, S. J. Jones, P. J. Bottomley, K. Cromack, Jr., and D. D. Myrold. [In press]. Fungal and bacterial communities across meadow/forest transects in the western Cascades of Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research.

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Kasahara, T., and S. M. Wondzell. 2003. Geomorphic controls on hyporheic exchange flow in mountain streams. Water Resources Research 39:1005, doi:10.1029/2002WR001386.

Kokkonen, T., H. Koivusalo, T. Karvonen, B. Croke, and A. Jakeman. 2004. Exploring streamflow response to effective rainfall across event magnitude scale. Hydrological Processes 18:1467-1486.

Lajtha, K., S. E. Crow, Y. Yano, S. S. Kaushal, E. Sulzman, P. Sollins, and J. D. H. Spears. 2005. Detrital controls on soil solution N and dissolved organic matter in soils: a field experiment. Biogeochemistry 76:261-281.

Lang, N. L., and C. B. Halpern. 2007. The soil seed bank of a montane meadow: consequences of conifer encroachment and implications for restoration. Canadian Journal of Botany 85:557-569.

Lefsky, M. A., A. T. Hudak, W. B. Cohen, and S. A. Acker. 2005. Patterns of covariance between forest stand and canopy structure in the Pacific Northwest. Remote Sensing of Environment 95:517-531.

Lindh, B., and P. S. Muir. 2004. Understory vegetation in young Douglas-fir forests: Does thinning help restore old-growth composition? Forest Ecology and Management 192:285-296.

Lookingbill, T., and D. Urban. 2004. An empirical approach towards improved spatial estimates of soil moisture for vegetation analysis. Landscape Ecology 19:417-433.

Lookingbill, T. R., N. E. Goldenberg, and B. H. Williams. 2004. Understory species as soil moisture indicators in Oregon's western Cascades old-growth forests. Northwest Science 78:214-224.

Lookingbill, T. R., and D. L. Urban. 2005. Gradient analysis, the next generation: towards more plant- relevant explanatory variables. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35:1744-1753.

Lookingbill, T. R., and D. L. Urban. 2003. Spatial estimation of air temperature differences for landscape- scale studies in montane environments. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 114:141-151.

Lugo, A. E., F. J. Swanson, O. R. González, M. B. Adams, B. Palik, R. E. Thill, D. G. Brockway, C. Kern, R. Woodsmith, and R. Musselman. 2006. Long-term research at the USDA Forest Service's experimental forests and ranges. BioScience 56:39-48.

Lutz, J. A., and C. B. Halpern. 2006. Tree mortality during early forest development: a long-term study of rates, causes, and consequences. Ecological Monographs 76:257-275.

McCune, B., J. Hutchinson, and S. Berryman. 2002. Concentration of rare epiphytic lichens along large streams in a mountainous watershed in Oregon, U.S.A. The Bryologist 105:439-450.

McDonnell, J. 2004. Editorial: HPToday and HPTomorrow. Hydrological Processes 18:2739-2741.

McDonnell, J. J. 2003. Where does water go when it rains? Moving beyond the variable source area concept of rainfall-runoff response. Hydrological Processes 17:1869-1875.

McDonnell, J. J., and R. Woods. 2004. Editorial: On the need for catchment classification. Journal of Hydrology 299:2-3.

McGuire, K. J., and J. J. McDonnell. 2006. A review and evaluation of catchment transit time modeling. Journal of Hydrology 330:543-563.

Andrews LTER Publications List Page 6 of 19

McGuire, K. J., J. J. McDonnell, M. Weiler, C. Kendall, B. L. McGlynn, J. M. Welker, and J. Seibert. 2005. The role of topography on catchment-scale water residence time. Water Resources Research 41:doi:10.1029/2004WR003657.

McGuire, K. J., M. Weiler, and J. J. McDonnell. 2007. Integrating tracer experiments with modeling to assess runoff processes and water transit times. Advances in Water Resources 30:824-837.

Meleason, M. A., S. V. Gregory, and J. P. Bolte. 2003. Implications of riparian management strategies on wood in streams of the Pacific Northwest. Ecological Applications 13:1212-1221.

Meleason, M. A., and G. M. J. Hall. 2005. Managing plantation forests to provide short- to long-term supplies of wood to streams: a simulation study using New Zealand's pine plantations. Environmental Management 36:258-271.

Miller, J. C., P. C. Hammond, and D. N. R. Ross. 2003. Distribution and functional roles of rare and uncommon moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae) across a coniferous forest landscape. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 96:847-855.

Mintie, A. T., R. S. Heichen, K. Cromack, Jr., D. D. Myrold, and P. J. Bottomley. 2003. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria along meadow-to-forest transects in the Oregon Cascade Mountains. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69:3129-3136.

Moore, G. M., B. J. Bond, F. C. Meinzer, and J. A. Jones. [In press]. Do thermal dissipation sap flow sensors yield consistent estimates for multiple years? Tree Physiology.

Moore, G. W., B. J. Bond, J. A. Jones, N. Phillips, and F. C. Meinzer. 2004. Structural and compositional controls on transpiration in 40- and 450-year-old riparian forests in western Oregon, USA. Tree Physiology 24:481-491.

Parton, W., W. L. Silver, I. C. Burke, L. Grassens, M. E. Harmon, W. S. Currie, J. Y. King, E. C. Adair, L. A. Brandt, S. C. Hart, and B. Fasth. 2007. Global-scale similarities in nitrogen release patterns during long-term decomposition. Science 315:361-364 [Plus supporting material].

Pennington, D. D. [In press]. Exploratory modeling of forest disturbance scenarios and in central Oregon forests using computational experiments in GIS. Ecological Informatics.

Perakis, S. S. 2002. Nutrient limitation, hydrology and watershed nitrogen loss. Hydrological Processes 16:3507-3511.

Piégay, H., K. J. Gregory, V. Bondarev, A. Chin, N. Dahlstrom, A. Elosegi, S. V. Gregory, V. Joshi, M. Mutz, M. Rinaldi, B. Wyzga, and J. Zawiejska. 2005. Public perception as a barrier to introducing wood in rivers for restoration purposes. Environmental Management 36:665-674.

Pierce, K. B., Jr., T. Lookingbill, and D. Urban. 2005. A simple method for estimating potential relative radiation (PRR) for landscape-scale vegetation analysis. Landscape Ecology 20:137-147.

Pruyn, M. L., B. L. Gartner, and M. E. Harmon. 2005. Storage versus substrate limitation to bole respiratory potential in two coniferous tree species of contrasting sapwood width. Journal of Experimental Botany 56:2637-2649.

Pypker, T. G., M. H. Unsworth, and B. J. Bond. 2006. The role of epiphytes in rainfall interception by forests in the Pacific Northwest. I. Laboratory measurements of water storage. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:809-818.

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Pypker, T. G., M. H. Unsworth, and B. J. Bond. 2006. The role of epiphytes in rainfall interception by forests in the Pacific Northwest. II. Field measurements at the branch and canopy scale. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:819-832.

Pypker, T. G., M. H. Unsworth, B. Lamb, E. Allwine, S. Edburg, E. Sulzman, A. C. Mix, and B. J. Bond. 2007. Cold air drainage in a forested valley: investigating the feasibility of monitoring ecosystem metabolism. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 145:149-166.

Pypker, T. G., M. H. Unsworth, A. C. Mix, W. Rugh, T. Ocheltree, K. Alstad, and B. J. Bond. 2007. Using nocturnal cold air drainage flow to monitor ecosystem processes in complex terrain. Ecological Applications 17:702-714.

Rastetter, E. B., S. S. Perakis, G. R. Shaver, and G. I. Ĺgren. 2005. Terrestrial C sequestration at elevated CO2 and temperature: the roles of dissolved organic N loss. Ecological Applications 15:71-86.

Rich, J. J., R. S. Heichen, P. J. Bottomley, K. Cromack, Jr., and D. D. Myrold. 2003. Community composition and functioning of denitrifying bacteria from adjacent meadow and forest soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69:5974-5982.

Richardson, J. S., R. J. Naiman, F. J. Swanson, and D. E. Hibbs. 2005. Riparian communities associated with Pacific Northwest headwater streams: assemblages, processes, and uniqueness. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41:935-947.

Seibert, J., K. Bishop, A. Rodhe, and J. J. McDonnell. 2003. Groundwater dynamics along a hillslope: a test of the steady state hypothesis. Water Resources Research 39:1014, doi:10.1029/2002WR001404.

Seibert, J., and J. J. McDonnell. 2002. On the dialog between experimentalist and modeler in catchment hydrology: use of soft data for multicriteria model calibration. Water Resources Research 38:1241, doi:10.1029/2001WR000978.

Shaw, D. C., M. Huso, and H. Bruner. [In press]. Basal area growth impacts of dwarf mistletoe on western hemlock in an old growth forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research.

Shibata, H., O. Sugawara, H. Toyoshima, S. M. Wondzell, F. Nakamura, T. Kasahara, F. J. Swanson, and K. Sasa. 2004. Nitrogen dynamics in the hyporheic zone of a forested stream during a small storm, Hokkaido, Japan. Biogeochemistry 69:83-104.

Sivapalan, M., K. Takeuchi, S. Franks, V. Gupta, H. Karambiri, V. Lakshmi, X Liang, J. J. McDonnell, E. Mendiondo, P. O'Connell, T. Okill, J. Pomeroy, D. Schertzer, S. Uhlenbrook, and E. Zehe. 2003. IAHS decade on predictions in ungauged basins (PUB), 2003-2012: shaping an exciting future for the hydrological sciences. Hydrological Sciences Journal 48:857-880.

Smithwick, E. A. H., M. E. Harmon, and J. B. Domingo. 2007. Changing temporal patterns of forest carbon stores and net ecosystem carbon balance: the stand to landscape transformation. Landscape Ecology 22:77-94.

Smithwick, E. A. H., M. E. Harmon, and J. B. Domingo. 2003. Modeling multiscale effects of light limitations and edge-induced mortality on carbon stores in forest landscapes. Landscape Ecology 18:701- 721.

Sobota, D. J., S. V. Gregory, and J. Van Sickle. 2006. Riparian tree fall directionality and modeling large wood recruitment to streams. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:1243-1254.

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Sollins, P., C. Swanston, M. Kleber, T. Filley, M. Kramer, S. Crow, B. A. Caldwell, K. Lajtha, and R. Bowden. 2006. Organic C and N stabilization in a forest soil: evidence from sequential density fractionation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38:3313-3324.

Spears, J. D. H., S. M. Holub, M. E. Harmon, and K. Lajtha. 2003. The influence of decomposing logs on soil biology and nutrient cycling in an old-growth mixed coniferous forest in Oregon, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33:2193-2201.

Spears, J. D. H., and K. Lajtha. 2004. The imprint of coarse woody debris on soil chemistry in the western Oregon Cascades. Biogeochemistry 71:163-175.

Stephenson, N. L., and P. J. van Mantgem. 2005. Forest turnover rates follow global and regional patterns of productivity. Ecology Letters 8:524-531.

Sulzman, E. W., J. B. Brant, R. D. Bowden, and K. Lajtha. 2005. Contribution of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and rhizosphere respiration to total soil CO2 efflux in an old growth coniferous forest. Biogeochemistry 73:231-256.

Sun, O. J., J. Campbell, B. E. Law, and V. Wolf. 2004. Dynamics of carbon stocks in soils and detritus across chronosequences of different forest types in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Global Change Biology 10:1470-1481.

Swanson, M. E., D. C. Shaw, and T. K. Marosi. 2006. Distribution of western hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense [Rosendahl] G.N. Jones subsp. tsugense) in mature and old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) forests. Northwest Science 80:207-217.

Swanston, C., P. S. Homann, B. A. Caldwell, D. D. Myrold, L. Ganio, and P. Sollins. 2004. Long-term effects of elevated nitrogen on forest soil organic matter stability. Biogeochemistry 70:227-250.

Tague, C., G. Grant, M. Farrell, and A. Jefferson. [In press]. Deep groundwater mediates streamflow response to climate warming in the Oregon Cascades. Climatic Change.

Tollefson, J. E., F. J. Swanson, and J. H. Cissel. 2004. Fire severity in intermittent stream drainages, western Cascade Range, Oregon. Northwest Science 78:186-191.

Uchida, T., J. J. McDonnell, and Y. Asano. 2006. Functional intercomparison of hillslopes and small catchments by examining water source, flowpath and mean residence time. Journal of Hydrology 327:627-642.

Uhlenbrook, S., J. McDonnell, and C. Leibundgut. 2003. Preface: runoff generation and implications for river basin modelling special issue. Hydrological Processes 17:197-198.

Uhlenbrook, S., J. McDonnell, and C. Leibundgut, eds. 2003. Special issue: runoff generation and implications for river basin modelling. Hydrological Processes 17:197-512.

Vaché, K. B., and J. J. McDonnell. 2006. A process-based rejectionist framework for evaluating catchment runoff model structure. Water Resources Research 42:doi:10.1029/2005WR004247.

Valachovic, Y. S., B. A. Caldwell, K. Cromack, Jr., and R. P. Griffiths. 2004. Leaf litter chemistry controls on decomposition of Pacific Northwest trees and woody shrubs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34:2131-2147.

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van Mantgem, P. J., N. L. Stephenson, L. S. Mutch, V. G. Johnson, A. M. Esperanza, and D. J. Parsons. 2003. Growth rate predicts mortality of Abies concolor in both burned and unburned stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33:1029-1038.

Van Sickle, J., J. Baker, A. Herlihy, P. Bayley, S. Gregory, P. Haggerty, L. Ashkenas, and J. Li. 2004. Projecting the biological condition of streams under alternative scenarios of human land use. Ecological Applications 14:368-380.

Vandegrift, E. V. H., H. Chen, and M. E. Harmon. 2007. Fungal genetic diversity within decomposing woody conifer roots in Oregon, U.S.A. Northwest Science 81:125-137.

Waichler, S. R., B. C. Wemple, and M. S. Wigmosta. 2005. Simulation of water balance and forest treatment effects at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest. Hydrological Processes 19:3177-3199.

Watterson, N. A., and J. A. Jones. 2006. Flood and debris flow interactions with roads promote the invasion of exotic plants along steep mountain streams, western Oregon. Geomorphology 78:107-123.

Webster, J. R., P. J. Mulholland, J. L. Tank, H. M. Valett, W. K. Dodds, B. J. Peterson, W. B. Bowden, C. N. Dahm, S. Findlay, S. V. Gregory, N. B. Grimm, S. K. Hamilton, S. L. Johnson, E. Martí, W. H. McDowell, J. L. Meyer, D. D. Morrall, S. A. Thomas, and W. M. Wollheim. 2003. Factors affecting ammonium uptake in streams - an inter-biome perspective. Freshwater Biology 48:1329-1352.

Weiler, M., and J. McDonnell. 2004. Virtual experiments: a new approach for improving process conceptualization in hillslope hydrology. Journal of Hydrology 285:3-18.

Weiler, M., B. L. McGlynn, K. J. McGuire, and J. J. McDonnell. 2003. How does rainfall become runoff? A combined tracer and runoff transfer function approach. Water Resources Research 39:1315, doi:10.1029/2003WR002331.

Weisberg, P. J. 2004. Importance of non-stand-replacing fire for development of forest structure in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Forest Science 50:245-258.

Weisberg, P. J., and F. J. Swanson. 2003. Regional synchroneity in fire regimes of western Oregon and Washington, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 172:17-28.

Wemple, B. C., and J. A. Jones. 2003. Runoff production on forest roads in a steep, mountain catchment. Water Resources Research 39:1220, doi:10.1029/2002WR001744: 8-1 to 8-17.

Wondzell, S. M. 2006. Effect of morphology and discharge on hyporheic exchange flows in two small streams in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA. Hydrological Processes 20:267-287.

Wondzell, S. M., M. N. Gooseff, and B. L. McGlynn. 2007. Flow velocity and the hydrologic behavior of streams during baseflow. Geophysical Research Letters 34:L24404, doi:10.1029/2007GL031256.

Woolley, T. J., M. E. Harmon, and K. B. O'Connell. 2007. Estimating annual bole biomass production using uncertainty analysis. Forest Ecology and Management 253:202-210.

Yang, Z., W. B. Cohen, and M. E. 2005. Modeling early forest succession following clear-cutting in western Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35:1889-1900.

Yano, Y., K. Lajtha, P. Sollins, and B. A. Caldwell. 2004. Chemical and seasonal controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in a coniferous old-growth stand in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Biogeochemistry 71:197-223.

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Yano, Y., K. Lajtha, P. Sollins, and B. A. Caldwell. 2005. Chemistry and dynamics of dissolved organic matter in a temperate coniferous forest on andic soils: effects of litter quality. Ecosystems 8:286-300.

Yatskov, M., M. E. Harmon, and O. N. Krankina. 2003. A chronosequence of wood decomposition in the boreal forests of Russia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33:1211-1226.

Yi, H., and A. Moldenke. 2005. Response of ground-dwelling arthropods to different thinning intensities in young Douglas fir forests of western Oregon. Environmental Entomology 34:1071-1080.

Youngblood, A., T. Max, and K. Coe. 2004. Stand structure in eastside old-growth ponderosa pine forests of Oregon and northern California. Forest Ecology and Management 199:191-217.

Books

Forman, R. T. T., D. Sperling, J. A. Bissonette, A. P. Clevenger, C. D. Cutshall, V. H. Dale, L. Fahrig, R. France, C. R. Goldman, K. Heanue, J. A. Jones, F. J. Swanson, T. Turrentine, and T. C. Winter. 2003. Road ecology: science and solutions. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Geier, M. G. 2007. Necessary work: discovering old forests, new outlooks, and community on the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 1948-2000. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR- 687, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Gregory, S. V., K. L. Boyer, and A. M. Gurnell, editors. 2003. The ecology and management of wood in world rivers. American Fisheries Society Symposium 37, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Luoma, J. R. 2006. The hidden forest: the biography of an ecosystem. Oregon State University Press (republished with new preface – first published 1999 by Henry Holt).

Book Chapters

Bisson, P. A., S. M. Wondzell, G. H. Reeves, and S. V. Gregory. 2003. Trends in using wood to restore aquatic habitats and fish communities in western North American rivers. Pages 391-406 in S. V. Gregory, K. L. Boyer, and A. M. Gurnell, editors. The ecology and management of wood in world rivers. American Fisheries Society Symposium 37, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Boyer, K. L., D. R. Berg, and S. V. Gregory. 2003. Riparian management for wood in rivers. Pages 407- 420 in S. V. Gregory, K. L. Boyer, and A. M. Gurnell, editors. The ecology and management of wood in world rivers. American Fisheries Society Symposium 37, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Greenland, D., F. Bierlmaier, M. Harmon, J. Jones, A. McKee, J. Means, F. J. Swanson, C. Whitlock. 2003. Climate variability and ecosystem response at the H.J. Andrews Long-Term Ecological Research site. Pages 393-410 in D. Greenland, D. G. Goodin, and R. C. Smith, editors. Climate variability and ecosystem response at Long-Term Ecological Research sites. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.

Andrews LTER Publications List Page 11 of 19

Greenland, D., D. G. Goodin, R. C. Smith, and F. J. Swanson. 2003. Climate variability and ecosystem response--synthesis. Pages 425-449 in D. Greenland, D. G. Goodin, and R. C. Smith, editors. Climate variability and ecosystem response at Long-Term Ecological Research sites. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.

Gregory, S. V., M. A. Meleason, and D. J. Sobota. 2003. Modeling the dynamics of wood in streams and rivers. Pages 315-335 in S. V. Gregory, K. L. Boyer, and A. M. Gurnell, editors. The ecology and management of wood in world rivers. American Fisheries Society Symposium 37, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Harmon, M. E. 2006. Atmospheric carbon dioxide. Pages 20-29 in Forests, carbon and climate change: a synthesis of science findings. Oregon Forest Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Harmon, M. E., D. L. Phillips, J. J. Battles, A. Rassweiler, R. O. Hall, Jr., and W. K. Lauenroth. 2007. Quantifying uncertainty in net primary production measurements. Pages 238-260 in T. J. Fahey and A. K. Knapp, editors. Principles and standards for measuring primary production. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.

Jones, J. 2005. Intersite comparisons of rainfall-runoff processes. Pages 1839-1854 in M. G. Anderson, editor. Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Kloeppel, B. D., M. E. Harmon, and T. J. Fahey. 2007. Estimating aboveground net primary productivity in forest-dominated ecosystems. Pages 63-81 in T. J. Fahey and A. K. Knapp, editors. Principles and standards for measuring primary production. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.

Krankina, O. N., and M. E. Harmon. 2006. Forest management strategies for carbon storage. Pages 79- 92 in Forests, carbon and climate change: a synthesis of science findings. Oregon Forest Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Law, B. E., D. Turner, J. Campbell, M. Lefsky, M. Guzy, O. Sun, S. Van Tuyl, and W. Cohen. 2006. Carbon fluxes across regions: observational constraints at multiple scales. Pages 167-190 In J. Wu, K. B. Jones, H. Li, and O. L. Loukes, editors. Scaling and uncertainty analysis in ecology: methods and applications. Springer, New York, New York, USA.

McDonnell, J. J. 2004. Runoff processes and lateral water transfers. Pages 322-328 in P. Kabat, M. Claussen, P. A. Dirmeyer, J. H. C. Gash, L. Bravo de Guenni, M. Meybeck, R. A. Pielke, Sr.; C. J. Vörösmarty, R. W. A. Hutjes, and S. Lütkemeier, editors. Vegetation, water, humans and the climate: a new perspective on an interactive system. Springer-Verlag

McGuire, K. J. 2005. Water residence time. In J. H. Lehar, editor. The Encyclopedia of Water. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York, New York, USA.

McGuire, K. J., and J. J. McDonnell. [In press]. Stable isotope tracers in watershed hydrology. In K. Lajtha and R. Michener, editors. Stable isotopes in ecology and environmental science. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Miller, J. C. 2004. Insect life history strategies: development and growth. Pages 598-600 in The Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science.

Miller, J. C. 2004. Insect life history strategies: reproduction and survival. Pages 601-604 in The Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science.

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Nadelhoffer, K. J., R. D. Boone, R. D. Bowden, J. D. Canary, J. Kaye, P. Micks, A. Ricca, J. A. Aitkenhead, K. Lajtha, and W. H. McDowell. 2004. The DIRT experiment: litter and root influences on forest soil organic matter stocks and function. Pages 300-315 in D. R. Foster and J. D. Aber, editors. Forests in time: the environmental consequences of 1,000 years of change in New England. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Nakamura, F., and F. J. Swanson. 2003. Dynamics of wood in rivers in the context of ecological disturbance. Pages 279-297 in S. V. Gregory, K. L. Boyer, and A. M. Gurnell, editors. The ecology and management of wood in world rivers. American Fisheries Society Symposium 37. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

National Research Council. [In press]. Hydrologic effects of a changing forest landscape. In Committee on hydrologic impact of forest management, water science and technology board, division of earth and life studies. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

Poteet, M. F. 2006. Shifting roles of abiotic and biotic regulation of a multi-host parasite following disturbance. Pages 135-152 in S. K. Collinge and C. Ray, editors. Disease ecology: community structure and pathogen dynamics. Oxford University Press.

Seibert, J., and J. J. McDonnell. 2002. The quest for an improved dialog between modeler and experimentalist. Pages 301-315 in Q. Duan, H. V. Gupta, S. Sorooshian, A. N. Rousseau, and R. Turcotte, editors. Calibration of watershed models. AGU Monograph, Water Science and Applications Series 6, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., USA.

Swanson, F. J. 2003. Wood in rivers: a landscape perspective. Pages 299-313 in S. V. Gregory, K. L. Boyer, and A. M. Gurnell, editors. The ecology and management of wood in world rivers. American Fisheries Society Symposium 37, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Swanson, F. J. 2004. Roles of scientists in forestry policy and management: views from the Pacific Northwest. Pages 112-126 in K. Arabas and J. Bowersox, editors. Forest futures: science, politics, and policy for the next century. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA.

Swanson, F. J., J. H. Cissel, and A. Reger, A. 2003. Landscape management: diversity of approaches and points of comparison. Pages 237-266 in R. A. Monserud, R. W. Haynes, and A. C. Johnson, editors. Compatible forest management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Vaché, K. B., J. J. McDonnell, and K. J. McGuire. [In press]. Hillslope experimental evidence and catchment model structure: reconcilable or irreconcilable? In Physical models of river basin runoff and their application to ungauged basins. NATO Cooperative Science and Technology Sub-Program, Moscow.

Vitvar, T., P. K. Aggarwal, and J. J. McDonnell. 2005. A review of isotope applications in catchment hydrology. Pages 151-170 in P. K. Aggarwal, J. R. Gat, and K. F. O. Froehlich, editors. Isotopes in the water cycle: past, present and future of a developing science. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Weiler, M., and J. J. McDonnell. 2004. Water storage and movement. Pages 1253-1260 in J. Burley, J. Evans, and J. A. Youngquist, editors. Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences. Elsevier, Oxford.

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Dissertations and Theses

Arthur, A. S. 2007. Thirty-five years of forest succession in southwest Oregon: vegetation response to three distinct logging treatments. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Barker, J. 2003. The effects of moisture content and initial heterotrophic colonization on the decomposition of coarse woody debris. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Boyle, S. A. 2007. The link between nitrogen cycling and soil microbial community composition in forest soils of western Oregon. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Brant, J. 2005. Controls of microbial community composition and function in forest soils. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Burkholder, B. O. 2004. The influence of discharge and temperature variation on macoinvertebrate community diversity patterns in headwater streams. Thesis. Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington, USA.

Campbell, J. 2004. Carbon fluxes across three climatically-distinct forest chronosequences in Oregon. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Cappellazzi, J. 2007. The influence of forest floor moss cover on ectomycorrhizal abundance in the central-western Oregon Cascade Mountains. Thesis. State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA.

Czarnomski, N. M. 2003. Effects of harvest and roads on in-stream wood abundance in the Blue River Basin, western Cascades, Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Dailey, M. M. 2007. Meadow classification in the Willamette National Forest and conifer encroachment patterns in the Chucksney-Grasshopper Meadow Complex, western Cascade Range, Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Dereszynski, E. W. 2007. A probabilistic model for anomaly detection in remote sensor streams. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.

Dixon, J. J. 2003. Applying GIS to soil-geomorphic landscape mapping in the Lookout Creek Valley, western Cascades, Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Dreher, D. M. 2004. Effects of input and redistribution processes on in-stream wood abundance and arrangement in Lookout Creek, western Cascade Range, Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Dunham, S. 2003. Population genetics, systematics and habitat associations of Chanterelles in the Pacific Northwest. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Farrand, A. M. 2004. Effect of adult aquatic insect life history on return to Lookout Creek, H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Frady, C. H. 2005. Headwater stream macroinvertebrates of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

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Geren, B. A. 2006. Predicting sediment delivery from small catchments in the western Cascades of Oregon using the U.S.F.S. disturbed Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Giesen, T. W. 2005. Four centuries of soil carbon and nitrogen change after severe fire in a western Cascades forest landscape. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Giglia, S. K. 2004. Spatial and temporal patterns of "super-old" Douglas-fir trees of the central western Cascades, Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Hauck, M. J. 2006. Isotopic composition of respired CO2 in a small watershed: development and testing of an automated sampling system and analysis of first year data. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Haugo, R. D. 2006. Vegetation responses to conifer encroachment in a dry, montane meadow: a chronosequence approach. Thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Heichen, R. 2002. Biology and chemistry of a meadow-to-forest transition in the central Oregon Cascades. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Keefe, R. F. 2004. Two-stage and zero-inflated modelling of forest regeneration on the Pacific Northwest coast. Thesis. University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.

Keirstead, H. 2004. Quantifying C and N contents and isotope signatures of SOM pools in the H.J. Andrews DIRT plots. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Lang, N. L. 2006. The soil seed bank of an Oregon montane meadow: consequences of conifer encroachment and implications for restoration. Thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Littlefield, S. J. 2005. Patterns of chronic wind mortality in a small, old-growth Pseudotsuga menziesii forest in the western Cascades, Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Long, T. A. 2005. The forest and the mainframe: the dynamics of modeling and field study in the coniferous forest biome, 1969-1980. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Lookingbill, T. 2003. Communities in transition: a multi-phase study of the Tsuga heterophylla/Abies amabilis ecotone in the Oregon Cascades. Dissertation. Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Lutz, J. A. 2005. The contribution of mortality to early coniferous forest development. Thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Mallon, A. L. 2006. Public acceptance of disturbance-based forest management: a study of the attentive public in the Central Cascades Adaptive Management Area. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Mazurkiewicz, A. B. 2006. Measurement and modeling the physical controls of snowmelt in the Pacific Northwest. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

McGuire, K. J. 2004. Water residence time and runoff generation in the western Cascades of Oregon. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

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Moore, G. W. 2003. Drivers of variability in transpiration and implications for stream flow in forests of western Oregon. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Ngo, N. V. 2006. Towards an analytical model for carbon storage in forested landscapes. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Nicolello, J. 2003. A study of partial logging and burning effects on stream temperature in the Blue River drainage, western Cascades, Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Ninnemann, J. J. 2005. A study of hyporheic characteristics along a longitudinal profile of Lookout Creek, Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Perry, T. 2007. Intensification of hydrologic summer drought by post-harvest regenerating forests; variable effects of thinning versus clearcutting treatments. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Pincheira, M. E. 2004. Changes in population structure, mortality and biomass of trees in old-growth Sitka spruce/western hemlock stands on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. Thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Pypker, T. G. 2004. The influence of canopy structure and epiphytes on the hydrology of Douglas-fir forests. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Rice, J. 2007. Forest encroachment in sub-alpine meadows: responses to past and future change in climate, fire, and grazing practices. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Rich, J. J. 2003. Community composition and activities of denitrifying bacteria in soils. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Ross, D. 2003. Butterflies of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest: biological inventory and ecological analysis. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Rozzell, L. R. 2003. Species pairwise associations over nine years of secondary succession: assessing alternative explanations and successional mechanisms. Thesis. Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.

Sheehy, S. 2006. Exotic plant species dynamics from 1994 to 2005 on road networks in forested landscapes of western Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Sobota, D. J. 2003. Fall directions and breakage of riparian trees along streams in the Pacific Northwest. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Sobota, D. J. 2007. Linkages among land use, riparian zones, and uptake and transformation of nitrate in stream ecosystems. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Spears, J. 2002. The imprint of coarse woody debris on soil biological and chemical properties in the western Oregon Cascades. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Van Tuyl, S. 2004. Carbon storage and fluxes in forests of western Oregon – successional patterns and environmental controls. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. van Verseveld, W. J. 2007. Hydro-biogeochemical coupling at the hillslope and catchment scale. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

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Watterson, N. 2004. Exotic plant invasion from roads to stream networks in steep forested landscapes of western Oregon. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Woolley, T. J. 2005. Inter-annual variability of net primary productivity across multiple spatial scales in the western Oregon Cascades: methods of estimation and examination of spatial coherence. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Yang, Z. 2004. Early forest succession following clearcuts in western Oregon: patterns and abiotic controls. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Yano, Y. 2002. Characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its stabilization in a forest soil. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Yi, H. 2002. Response of arthropods to different intensities of thinning in Oregon. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Zaradic, P. A. 2003. Food limited to habitat limited: predator prey uncoupled. Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Other Publications

Berkley, E. L., C. Whitlock, P. J. Bartlein, and F. J. Swanson. 2002. Temporal and spatial variability of fire occurrence in western Oregon, A.D. 1200 - 2000. (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/pubs/webdocs/reports/orfire.cfm?topnav=55)

Brunt, J., P. McCartney, S. Gage, and D. Henshaw. 2004 (rev. 2005). LTER network data access policy revision: report and recommendations. LTER Network Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

Busby, P., F. Swanson, and S. Remillard. 2003. Record of public communications for the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest: a brief summary and analysis. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/pubs/webdocs/reports/pub3664.pdf)

Carr, M. 2004. Living laboratories: small watersheds in experimental forests. Wildland Waters Newsletter FS-789. USDA Forest Service, Washington Office, Washington, D.C., USA. (http://www.fs.fed.us/wildlandwaters/newsletters/wildlandwaters_sp04.pdf)

Chan, S., R. Draheim, P. Heimowitz, and S. L. Johnson. 2006. New Zealand mudsnails: how to prevent the spread of New Zealand mudsnails through field gear (Brochure). Oregon Sea Grant, Oregon State University. Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Dereszynski, E. W., and T. G. Dietterich. 2007. Probabilistic models for anomaly detection in remote sensor data streams. Pages 75-82 in R. Parr and L. van der Gaag, editors. Proceedings of the 23rd conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence (UAI-2007). AUAI Press, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Duncan, S. 2004. Dead wood, living legacies: habitat for a host of fungi. Science Findings 66. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Duncan, S. 2004. Windows into the forest: extending long-term small-watershed research. Science Findings 62. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Gray, A., and C. Miller. 2006. Vegetation change in the Blue River Landscape Study: 1998-2005. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. (unpublished report)

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Henshaw, D. L., W. M. Sheldon, S. M. Remillard, and K. Kotwica. 2006. CLIMDB/HYDRODB: a web harvester and data warehouse approach to building a cross-site climate and hydrology database. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Hydroscience and Engineering (ICHE-2006). Drexel University, College of Engineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. (http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1434)

Johnston, N. T., K. Calla, N. E. Down, J. S. Macdonald, E. A. MacIsaac, A. N. Witt, and E. Woo. 2007. A review of empirical source distance data for the recruitment of large woody debris to forested streams. Fisheries Project Rep. RD119. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC.

Kaplan, N., C. Gries, K. Baker, D. Henshaw, T. Valentine, and J. Vande Castle. 2007. Information management committee: GIS, technology, and changing organizational structures. LTER DataBits. Spring:25-28.

McDonnell, J. J., B. McGlynn, K. Vaché, and I. Tromp-van Meerveld. 2005. A perspective on hillslope hydrology in the context of PUB. Pages 205-212 in S. Franks, M. Sivapalan, K. Takeuchi, and Y. Tachikawa, editors. Predictions in ungauged basins: international perspectives on the state of the art and pathways forward—outcomes of the Perth PUB workshop. International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publ. 301, Wallingford, United Kingdom.

Miller, J. C., and P. C. Hammond. 2007. Butterflies and moths of Pacific Northwest forests and woodlands: rare, endangered, and management-sensitive species. FHTET-2006-07. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.

Miller, J. C., and P. C. Hammond. 2003. Lepidoptera of the Pacific Northwest: caterpillars and adults. FHTET-2003-03. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.

Pypker, T. G., B. J. Bond, and M. H. Unsworth. 2004. The role of epiphytes in the interception and evaporation of rainfall in old-growth Douglas-fir forests in the Pacific Northwest. In The 26th conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Robbins, D. 2005. Review of dendroclimatology literature relevant to western Oregon. Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. (report prepared for H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Program; http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/pubs/webdocs/reports/pub4040.pdf)

Robbins, D., and F. J. Swanson. 2005. Fire history database and map layer: Northwest Forest Plan area. Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. (report prepared for H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Program; http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/pubs/webdocs/reports/pub4041.pdf)

Shindler, B., and A. Mallon. 2006. Public acceptance of disturbance-based forest management: a study of the Blue River landscape strategy in Oregon's Central Cascades Adaptive Management Area. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. (final project report—agreement 05-CR-11061801-013).

Swanson, F. J., and J. A. Jones. 2002. Geomorphology and hydrology of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Blue River, Oregon. Pages 288-314 in G. W. Moore, editor. Field guide to geologic processes in Cascadia: field trips to accompany the 98th annual meeting of the Cordilleran section of the Geological Society of America. Special Paper 36. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Portland, Oregon, USA.

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Thompson, J., and S. Duncan. 2004. Following a river wherever it goes: beneath the surface of mountain streams. Science Findings 67. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Thompson, J. 2005. Keeping it cool: unraveling the influences on stream temperature. Science Findings 73. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Thompson, J. 2007. Mountain meadows—here today, gone tomorrow? Meadow science and restoration. Science Findings 94. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Uhlenbrook, S., J. Didszun, N. Tilch, J. McDonnell, and K. McGuire. 2007. Breaking up is always difficult—landscape discretization as a process-transfer approach for prediction in ungauged basins. Pages 102-109 in D. Schertzer, P. Hubert, S. Koide, and K. Takeuchi, editors. Proceedings of the Predictions in ungauged basins: PUB kick-off meeting. IAHS Publ. 309. International Association of Hydrological Sciences, Wallingford, Oxfordshire.

Unsworth, M. H., B. J. Bond, A. C. Mix, T. G. Pypker, and L. Mahrt. 2004. Nocturnal air drainage in forest canopies: A new way of studying physiological responses to the weather? In The 26th conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Waichler, S. R., M. S. Wigmosta, and B. C. Wemple. 2002. Simulation of water balance and forest treatment effects at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA. (prepared for National Council for Air and Stream Improvement Battelle Agreement 40686)

Yang, Z., and D. Henshaw. 2007. Generating EML from a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). LTER DataBits. Spring:13-18.

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