Western Giant of 1938

BY THE ETERNAL, 0 WE WANT NEITHER / FASCISM NOR / COMMUNISM, HERE! ' The Master~ Mate and Pilot Official Journlll of tho National Organiration of Marlon, Matos lind Pilots of America. Published on tho 15th of o4ch month at 810·16 Rhode bland Avo., N. E., Wa~hin9ton, D. C.

Vol. I DECEMBER, 1938 No.8 Maritime Commission Makes Big Strides In Building American Merchant Marine

Sixty-One Ships Awarded in Last Twelve Months and More Are Being Planned-Object Is to Have Them Privately Owned and Operated, Insofar as Practicable

ITHIN the last 12 months, the United States American Merchant Marine but definite progress W Maritime Commi~sion has awarded 61 ships is being made in the improvement of the efficiency to American shipyarcl>,~~; or 30 more than the total of the personnel to man the ships. The steamer built in the eight yeaj-. prior to 1936 that the Mer­ Edgemom' is being converted into a schoolship right chant Marine Act of 1928 was on the statute hooks. here in the Port of Baltimore. The sailing vessels Some of the ships contracted for include: Tusitala and Joseph Conrad are now being used for 1-21 knot, 1,200 passenger ship for U. S. Lines' training. Hoffman Island has been rehabilitated trans-Atlantic service, for which the name and men are already in training there. The Com­ America has recently been selected. mission is arranging for training stations at other 4-16'12 knot cargo ships for the Export Lines' places. Mediterranean service. A system for obtaining and training cadet officers 10-16112 Imot cargo ships of the C-3 type. and cadets for both the deck and engine departments 20-15'12 Imot cargo ships of the C-2 type. is being developed. A training course for officers 12-16112 knot tankers for the Standard Oil Com- is soon to be available. The Commission is thus pany of New Jersey of which two have been building men as well as ships in order to carry for­ sold to the U. S. Navy and two to the Keystone ward the merchant marine program. Tank Ship Corporation of Philadelphia. There are 13 lines subsidized by the Government. These are as follows: In addition to these vessels, bids have been re­ United States Lines-from the North Atlantic ports ceived and the Mississippi Shipping Company and to Europe. the Commission are considering the award of con­ American Export Lines-from the North Atlantic tracts for the construction of three combination to the Mediterranean. passenger and cargo vessels of approximately 16% American Scantic Line-from North Atlantic ports knots sea speed for the South American service from to Scandinavian and Baltic ports. the Gulf, according to M. L. Wilcox, director, opera­ American Republics Line-from North Atlantic tions and traffic, U. S. Maritime Commission. ports to the East Coast of South America. Plans have been completed for a ship somewhat Seas Shipping Co.-from U. S. Atlantic ports to­ similar to the C-3 type but with accomodations for South Africa. about 60 passengers. These vessels are about 16%­ South Atlantic Steamship Co.-from South Atlantic knot speed. Bids have been received for the con­ ports to Europe. struction of ~hese vessels but no award has yet been The Grace Line-from North Atlantic ports to the made pending further studies by the Commission. West Coast of South America. Plans are on the drafting boards for three 23-knot The New York & Cuba Mail Steamship Co.-from ships of about 35,000 tons displacement with ac­ New York to Cuba and Mexico. commodations for 800 passengers, to be operated Lykes Bros.-from the Gulf to Europe and to the in the trans-Pacific service, Likewise plans for cargo Far East, although this latter service has been ships somewhat smaller than the C-2 type, and to curtailed recently due to conditions in the Orient. be known as the C-1 type, are being developed. The Mississippi Shipping Co.-from the Gulf to the These ships will be ahout 7,000 tons total dead­ East Coast of South America. weight with a speed of approximately 14 knots The American President Lines-trans-Pacific serv­ and will be suitable for some of our foreign trades ice and Round-the-World service. where the faster 15th-knot ships with the larger Matson Line-from the West Coast to Australia. deadweight and cubic cannot be used economically. P.A.B. Line-from the West Coast of the United Not only are ships being built to supplement the States to the East Coast of South America. There are a total of 143 ship under subsidy and accomplish two things; (1) to improve the passen­ the annual subsidy payments amount to approxi­ ger service and (2) to get out of the cargo business mately $13,000,000. The construction subsidy on as a Government operation. There was absolutely the 47 ships above mentioned will run to several no hope of getting new ships for the passenger million dollars. . service under private ownership so the Commission In a recent talk at the Traffic Club of Baltimore, acqnired three ships which could be adapted to the Mr. Wilcox explained many aspects of the Commis­ trade, reconditioned them and placed them in the sion's program. He said, in part: hands of private operators. The cargo line which "At a recent meeting of prominent steamship was run by the Commission was joined together with people, the Maritime Commission was criticized for the passenger line and that now is under private some of its activities, with the statement that we operation with Government subsidy as permitted are headed for Government ownership and opera­ under the Merchant Marine Act. The Government tion. The Merchant Marine Act of 1936, which actually owns the three passenger ships in this created the Maritime Commission, states in its trade and four of the six cargo vessels that are declaration of policy that the United States shall operated in the service. The ships which we own have a merchant marine sufficient to carry a sub­ are chartered to the operator and are subsidized. stantial portion of its waterborne export and import Thus, we have in this trade a combination of Govern8 foreign commerce and that this merchant marine ment ownership and private operation. shall be owned and operated nnder the United States "Our European competitors whose interests ex­ 8 flag by citizens of the United States insofar as may tend beyond normal economic and commercial aC be practicable. This means private ownership and tivities are getting such a strong foothold in the operation and only as a last resort can the Commis­ countries of South America that it is vitally im­ sion go to any other basis. Let's take some specific portant to the United States to take steps to protect examples to see what is happening and why. our interest in the South American countries. One tangible step that can be talr m in the protection of uThere has been a lot said, printed and read with these interests is the devel;~:ment of proper com8 respect to the Dollar Line. This story can be sum­ munication and transportation systems. There was marized in a very few WOl·ds. The company was absolutely no hope of establishing the proper trans­ in an insolvent and defunct pORition with only two portation system without Government ownership of its ships running in services which normally re­ and here again, and only as a last resort, did the quire 12 ships. Efforts have been made by the Com­ Commission step in, acquire ships and place them mission continuously since its inception to find a under charter and subsidy to private operators. way to keep this line alive. Plans were made, studied This new service is something of which we are all and tried with varying degrees of success. It was proud and we take a back seat for no one in any like a patient on an operating table with an infected respect in connection with this service. leg. First you cut off the toe and the infection HHere is another illustration, a little closer to still spreads. Then you cut off the foot and the home. When the Baltimore Mail Line found it infection still spreads. Then you cut off the leg necessary to terminate its trans-Atlantic services bo. at the knee and the infection still spreads. Finally cause we could not legally give them any greater there is only one thing to do in order to save the aid, the Commission did the best thing it could to patient's life and that is to amputate the entire leg. keep the Port of Baltimore open for American flag "This may sonnd like an Aeso!, fable, but it is tonnage in this important trade. We rearranged approximately the condition which confronted the the schednles of the Government-owned and op­ Commission in September when they took the dras­ erated lines so that Baltimore still has its weeldy tic step of acquiring 90 per cent of the stock of the service to London, Hamburg and fortnightly to line in order to avoid the complete and final demise Bremen, its fortnightly service to Havre and its of the patient. Today, seven ships of the line are fortnightly service to Manchester, Liverpool and in operation, a definite schedule has been prepared, other West U. K. ports. We appreciate the fact calling for the operation of the balance of the fleet that a 10-knot service does not take the place of a required to maintain service and we can look for­ 16-knot service, but we repeat that the Commission ward to a continuation of this important American is the organization that placed American flag ship~ steamship line. All that we can say fnrther in this ping at your disposal after the privately owned and respect is that if the Commission had not interceded operated line was no longer able to continue. Some and taken the drastic step we would have no service of these new freighters that we were talking about under the American flag from the Pacific to the earlier are ear-marked for service from the Bay Orient. ports, and we sincerely hope that they will be pri~' "Now lees take the South American situation. vately owned and privately operated. This trade was served by passenger ships of two "Government ownership and operation is the last lines, one a British line giving a fortnightly service thing that I personally want to see but if we analyze and the other an American line giving a similar the picture very carefully, I believe that we are service. There are any number of foreign flag going to find some Government ownership and pri· freight ships in the trade but only one American vate operation necessary and in remote cases, per· flag cargo service and this one operated by the Com­ haps Government ownership and some form of mission through managing agents. We wanted to Government operation."

121 THE MASTER, MATE AND PILO William Green AppealstoAmericanLabor ToUniteinBoycottingGermanMadeGoods

A. F. of L. President Decries Snppression of Trade Unions and Other MinOl'ities and Atrocities Perpetrated by Hiller Regime on Jews and Catholics

IN AN appeal to all affiliated organizations, life and happiness of helpless minorities in Euro­ William Green, president of the American Fed­ pean countries. eration of Labor, has called on American working "Labor cannot remain silent or passive. It must men and women to boycott German goods and Ger­ meet the situation which has arisen in Germany in man service in protest of persecution of Jewish peo­ a strong and effective way. We possess the power ple and Catholics, trade unions and other minorities to do so. We must make our resentment known, not in Germany. President Green asks that American only through the submission of individual and col­ labor "supplement protest with action." His appeal, lective protests, but also in a vital and striking way. under date of November 18, 1938, follows: It is not enough to pr.otest. We must supplement "Press dispatches from abroad reaching us each protest with action. day show that persecution of Jewish people and HHaving this in mind, I am calling- upon the men Catholics, trade unions and other minorities in Ger­ and women of labor in a way I have never called many has been renewed with a ferocity which recog­ upon you before, to boycott German goods and Ger­ nizes no limitations. The details of it all are shock­ man service. Let such action speak louder than ing to our sensibilities. They inspire within all words. Refuse to buy German goods or to use liberty loving people a feeling of righteous indigna­ German service until the persecution of Jewish tion. In many respects the atrocities perpetrated people in Germany and the interference with the upon helpless Jewish people residing in Germany exercise of the right of religious freedom are tel'mi­ have been unparalleled during any period in all the nated and they are accorded their rights as human world's history. The persecution of the Catholic beings. hierarchy and the followers of the Catholic religion HI call lIpon national and international unions, in Germany is vicious, indefensible and shocldng. state federations of labor, city central labor unions "We, living ·here in America, breathing the air and directly affiliated local. unions to appoint Ger­ of freedom, respecting the rights of all classes of man Boycott Committees charged with the duty and people regardless of creed, color or nationality, responsibility of calling upon merchants in their cannot comprehend the savage instincts which moti­ respective cities, towns and villages, to dispense with vate the action taken in Germany against the Jewish German goods they may have on hand and to make race. Here is presented to the world an exhibition it clear that worldng people will no longer buy Ger­ of intolerance, racial hatred and human torture man goods or use German service while human never before por"lTayed even by heartless barbarians beings in Germany are being driven and persecuted during the darkest period of the world's darkest like hunted animals. age. Such a campaign of destruction can only be "This official communication is being sent you classified as befitting a day and an age far remote because of the amazing and shocking treatment from human civilization. It is a campaign of horror, which is being accorded Jewish people and members persecution, terror, racial hate and destruction of of the Catholic faith in Germany and because of human life. the fifty-eighth annual convention of the American Federation of Labor, which was held at Houston, "We protest these brutual iniquities perpetrated Tex., beginning October 3, urged 'lintensification of upon a helpless race. We call upon the men and our efforts in behalf of the persecuted and oppressed women of labor in America with all their friends, minorities in Germany." to assist in the mobilization of the moral strength HI cannot employ language which would ade­ of the world in opposition to the indefensible and quately present to you the seriousness of the situa­ inhuman policy pursued by the German government. tion existing in Germany and the urgency and ne­ Because the masses of the people cherish fondly our cessity for immediate action. Jewish people have common heritage of religious freedom, liberty and been forbidden to exercise ordinary elemental rights. the protection of life and property, we can under­ They are being robbed of their property and pos­ stand what these priceless blessings mean to the sessions; they are denied the opportunity to work common people in other nations throughout the and earn a living; they are being driven into con­ world. By contrast and comparison we know how centration camps comparable to the Ghetto; mer- the destruction of these vital principles affects the (Continued on page 7) DHEMBER, 1938 [ 3] At this Holy Season, your editor wishes THE MASTER, MATE AND PILOT you one and all the choicest blessings life can Vol. I DECEMBER, 1938 Number 8 bestow and hopes the inward peace that makes Published montbly. Main· ington, D. C.• with Geneml the richest glow in the Souls of Men of Good tained by and in the Inrorctlt and Exccuth'c Offices at In­ Will may find its abode with you and yours of the National Organi:o;ntion ternntion:l.1 Commerec Build. of ~teI'3. Mate! and Pilots for the coming year. of America, at 810 Rhode ing, 15 Moore Street, N('w bland AVllnue, N. E.. WlUlh· York, N. Y.

Pnblil;hcd un the 16th or c.:\ch month. ~" SWDm detailed cil'ealatJon atatement on requellt. $ea~on'~ ~rtding~ Entered n.s tle<:ond·cJ:lt'lI matter at the 1'06t alIke 3t Wn~hington. D. C., under the Act or August 24, 1912. From SUBSCRIPTION: $1.00 PER YEAR FOREIGN, $2.00 GEORGE A. COOK

NATIONAL TRUSTEES Member, National Mediation Board GEORGE W. McVAY, Providence, R. I. EDWARD T. PINCHIN. New York City When I was 10 or 10'12 years'old, milk was GEORGE B. DOWNING. NoJ:folk, V... delivered to you in a can at 5 cents per quart; .TAMES .T. DELANEY. New York City, l3unint'311 Mll.ll::

(4 J THE MASTER, MATE AND PILOT No Lapse In Maritime Training Courses

'Commission Assures Secretary Sc'-'lly Ncw Class Will Be Ushered in Immediately at New London, Conn.-Enrollees Must Have Seven Months' Actual Service

;A SSURANCES have been received by the Na­ your letter to me was received, and this appreciation y tionaI Organization of Masters, Mates and extends throughout the personnel of the Maritime Pilots from the U. S. Maritime Commission that Commission. All of us are very happy to be in­ ;,. there will be no delay in ushering in a new class of formed by you that, insofar as the licensed deck licensed deck trainees at the maritime training officers are concerned, the Maritime Training Serv­ school at New London, Conn., following the dis­ ice is meeting all requirements. As time goes on missal of the class which will finish its course this and as experience develops in this training tech­ month. Word to that effect was received recently nique, we hope to increase the opportunities to be of . by National Secretary-Treasurer John J. Scully from service to our deck officers and to the entire mer­ Daniel S. Ring, director of the Division of Mari- chant marine." time Personnel. . Because of the large number of applications, the In a letter addressed to Mr. Ring, Mr. Scully Commission, however, finds it necessary to restrict stated: enrollees to those who have seven months' actual uInformation has reached us to the effect that the service under their license. Repeated efforts have present class of licensed personnel in the Maritime been made by National President James J. Delaney Commission training school will be dismissed early to have this ruling modified. In this respect, Presi­ in December and we have been told also that a new dent Delaney wrote to Admiral Henry A. Wiley as class wiII not be held for officers' training until the follows: buildings at Groton, Conn., are available and that "Supplementing my conference with Mr. Knight there will probably be a delay of a month or longer in your office and Mr. Tracy of Mr. Ring's office between the dismissal of the present class and the in regard to the protests sent me by several of my calling in of a new class for Groton, Conn. Local Associations, due to the fact that in your cir­ "The deck officers of this organization, especially cular of September 30, 1938, in Paragraph 3 it in our New York Locals, who have been privileged states that it is necessary for the licensed personnel to take this training, have made very favorable to have served at least seven months as an officer reports to us on the benefits accrued from the train­ under their license to be eligible for enrollment for ing received and they have requested us to take up training under your Commission, after investigating with the Maritime Commission the calling in of the the great number of ships that have been laid up new class immediately upon the dismissal of the and out of commission, I cannot help but realize present one. Therefore, in response to these re­ under such circumstances that there is some merit in quests we are respectfully requesting that you use their protest. your good offices to comply with the requests of HI am writing you in the hope that your Com­ these men who are most anxious to receive the train­ mission can see its way clear to modify or eliminate ing provided by the Government that will better fit this requirement. I am not unmindful of the vast them for their duties as deck officers in the merchant number of applications that you have probably re­ marine service." ceived for such training. While you are only in posi­ Following is Mr. Ring's reply: tion to take care of about 300 of such applicants "This will acknowledge receipt of your letter of during the first year, nevertheless due to the miti~ November 25,1938, in which you request there be no gating circumstances involved, you might be able to delay between the dismissal of the present class of see your way clear to grant my request." licensed deck personnel in the United States Mari­ Here is Admiral Wiley's reply: time Service and the calling of a new class at New HI have just read your letter of November 8 in London, Conn. regard to modifying our circular of September 30, "I have just talked with Admiral Wiley concern­ 1938, paragraph 3, which requires that we can take ing your request and he has advised me officially for enrollment only those officers who have seven that there will be no delay between classes. Some months' actual service under their license. adjustments will be made so that men who reported ~'I am not surprised that you receive protests in late for the present class may be retained in order regard to this restriction and I realize that this re­ to complete their courses. The Coast Guard wiII striction may be harmful to some deserving men. take the necessary steps to see that the new class On the other hand, I feel that you will agree with will go into training immediately after the present me that while we desire to help as many people as class leaves. possible, the present facilities for training make it "It is with sincere feeling of appreciation that absolutely necessary for us to place some restrictions

DECEMBER, f 938 [5J upon enrollees, and while I would be very glad to It appears that the vessel to which Mr. Burrill do what I can to show my appreciation for the co­ refers is a Canadian lightship and this office is ac­ operation that your National Organization has given cordingly unable to supply any information with us, I feel that we cannot afford at this time to remove respect to the particular instance cited. that restriction." In regard to the inquiry in yonr last paragraph with relation to the practices in effect in this service,. you are advised that since 1918 it has been possible Editor's Mail Bag for such field employes of the Lighthouse Service to retire on an annuity which is based on the pay The following exchange of correspondence was they receive for a period of five years pending their prompted by the publication of the poem, "The retirement and the total length of their service. The Lurcher Light Ship" it?; the October issue of retirement is optional at 65 1 where the length of M. M. & P.: service has been 30 years and is mandatory at 70 years of age. Capt. John J. Scully, Editor. Sir: Very truly yours, It was with pleasure that I read the poem to «The C. A. PARK, Acting Commissioner. Lurcher Light Ship" in your last issue of the Na­ tional Magazine. With that pleasure there was a strong feeling of A. F. of L. Informs Donald F. Carr indignation came upon me as I know the man who was master of that vessel for 32 years. Who Represents Deck Officers He received her from the builders and put her upon her station and served the Government as master of that vessel for 32 years. Donald F. Carr of the S.S. Alleghany recently Of course utime marches on." He was old, and wrote to Secretary Frank Morrison of the Ameri­ the ship was old; they paid him off with one month's can Federation of Labor, asking for the constitution salary and their blessings. of the United Licensed Officers. Here is the reply If ever a case needed an airing, this one does! Mr. Carr received from Mr. Morrison: I would appreciate it if you would puhlish this "Yours of November 1 at hand and contents care­ letter in the National Magazine. fully noted. The United Licensed Officers' Union is Yours fraternally, not in affiliation with the American Federation of WILLIAM H. BURRILL, First Officer, Labor and not recognized by this Federation. I am, S.S. Santa Ele"fla., Grace Line, therefore, unable to comply with your request to New York, N. Y. forward a copy of the constitution. "The licensed officers' association which is in affili· Han. H. D. King, Commissioner of Lighthouses, ation with and recognized by the American Federa­ Washington, D. C. tion of Labor is National Organization Masters, My dear Commissioner: Mates and Pilots of America. Mr. James J. Delaney The enclosed is a copy of a letter of one of our is president and his address is Room 1103, 15 Moore members, which is self-explanatory.. Street, New York, N. Y." We have invited our members to contribute and promised publication of their letters. However, be­ fore I would puhlish this letter I'd like to learn Maritime Commission Accepts Bids whether such dismissals are customary or whether To Construct Si" C·3 Cargo the dismissal was caused by any extenuating circum­ stances best left unspoken. We are trying to keep our magazine clear of ax­ The United States Maritime Commission has ac~ grinding or the washing of dirty linen in public, so cepted the low bid of $2,443,000 each, suhmitted hy would appreciate your reaction on this. Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, of I would especially like to' know whether any pen~ Kearny, N. J., for the construction of six C~3 cargo sion system is obtainable in your department or if ships. not, whether any legislation has been enacted or pro­ This award brings the total of new ships poaed on social security for aged employes. this year by the Commission, either for its Very truly yours, account or in cooperation with private operators, JOHN J. SCULLY, Editor. to 43, or within seven vessels of its minimum annual quota under a program designed to effect a John J. Scully, Editor, tematic and orderly replacement of obsolete Washington, D. C. chant tonnage. Dear Sir: The Commission still has under Receipt is acknowledged of your letter of Novem­ other bids on C-3 cargo vessels in addition to several ber 18, inclosing copy of letter of November 15 ad­ on C-3 combination passenger and cargo and dressed to you by Mr. William H. Burrill, first offi­ three special combination ships for the Mississi:ppi cer, S.S. Santa Elena, Grace Line. Shipping Company.

[6] THE MAlTER, MATE AND LOCAL No. '9!

Capt. T. W. T,oeakle, president of Local Capt. B. T. Hurst, secretm'y of Local No.9, No.9, Norfolk, Va., was born in Mathews went to work with the Chesapeake & Ohio County, Va., July 27, 1897. He began his Railroad Co., July 4, 19000 He received his first license while wo,oking for that company career with the Merchants and Miners Stearn­ and was appointed captain of the tug "Hin­ ship Company at the age of 13, and has con­ ton." In 1907 he became captain on the little tinuously served his time on the water ever passenger steamer "Ossinning," which ran since. During the World War he was an between Old Point Comfo,ot and the James­ ensign in the United States Navy. At the town Exposition g,oounds. In 1916 he went to present time he is working at the N o,ofolk work for the Lambmots Point Towboat Com­ pany and remained there until 1929, when, for Navy Yard as pilot. He is serving his second the second time in his career, he was given the term as president of Local No.9, and is very choice of resigning his position or remaining popular with the membenhipo Captain Trea­ with the NOMMP. He took the discharge. Ide is man-ied and the father of two children. Elected secretary of his Local in 1929. full freedom of conscience and of religion. Set up Green on Boycott community organizations for the avowed purpose (Continued from page 3) of making this boycott effective. Let Hitler and chants are forbidden to sell them food; their children his associates responsible for the persecution of the are denied the right to attend school; they are Jewish race in Germany know and understand that threatened with intolerable persecution if they at­ not only is the conscience of American working tend public gatherings, places of amusement, or men and women aroused, but that they have united religious meetings. Such penalties can only be de­ in a common and determined purpose to bring to scribed·as slow, sure, but torturous death. The right an end the brutal treatment and inhuman practices to worship in accordance with the dictates of con­ imposed upon the .Tewish people in Germany." science and the administration of the affairs of the Catholic Church should be conceded by the govern­ ments of all nations. UJ.on.c!flJL !Jf- 1ful. tJ}ahJ.fL "Appreciating this situation as you must, the As I lay upon my pillow, need for immediate, definite, decisive action becomes When the long dark night has gone, increasingly apparent. While the German leaders Through the casement softly stealing responsible for these cruelties may hear without Gomes the wonde1' of the dawn. heeding, our voice of protest, they cannot disregard the effects of a widespread, vigorous and successful On the fleecy wings of morning boycott of German goods and German service. We It softly doth appear. can make a boycott effective if every working man Then I bow my head in reverence, and woman and their friends respond to this appeal. Feeling God is very neaT. Save the Jewish people in Germany. Do it by acting at once. Boycott German goods and German service Now my spirit becomes purified as you have never boycotted before. Make it a All earthly longings gone, matter of special consideration and special action. As I gaze with silent rapture Do so individually and collectively. Let us preserve, At the ,vander of the dawn. so far as it lies within our power, the absolute and By MRS. EMMA METCALF.

DECEMBER,1938 [7] A. F. ofL. to Test Oreg.Anti-Labor 't· Pr0l'Iems in Naviga1ion 1Law Before SnpremeCourtofU. S. _____By DENIS MCCARTHY , The success of the anti-labor groups in Oregon in Following are more of a series of "Problern,s in mobilizing enough votes in the recent election to pass Navigation" which appear in these columns. Prob­ an initiative measure "regulating" trade union lems 2 and 8 are repeated, with their answers. Try activities to the point of destruction of the organ­ to solve Problems 4 and 5, and then look on page 16 ized labor movement in that state will undoubtedly to check your answers. be thwarted by the determination of the American Problem No.2, Mercators Sailing.-Require the Federation of Labor to take the law before the courts course and distance from Latitude 33-15 S, Longi­ with final appeal to the Supreme Court of the United tude 115-15 E, to Latitude 51-30· S, Longitude States. 178-$2 W. The law, which election returns showed passed SOLUTION: PROBLEM NO.2 by a majority of about 50,000 votes, prohibits strikes Lat. A . 33-15 S Mer. Parts. _ 2104.6 Lon:;... 115-15 E and picketing except by a majority of a companis Lat. B .... 51-.30 S Mer. Parts. 3598.4 Long.... 178-52 W employes in a direct dispute over wages, hours, and 18-15 M~r. D. T•.. . 1403S 294-07 working conditions; limits the collection of money 60 360-00 by dues or otherwise to the actual needs of the union and requires a strict accounting of union funds; for~ Diff. Lat•... 1095 65·53 60 bids so-called "union intimidation or coercion" of Log DilL Lom,.. 3953- 13- 59l3B3 non-union workers, and prevents union "interfer­ Long.- M.P.. 1494 3- 17435 3900 ence" with any lawful commercial, manufacturing, 53 Log Tangent 10- 42258 or farming operations. DilL La.. .. 3953 Similar proposals were rejected in the November True course, S 69-17-46 n::. election by the adjacent states of Washington and To find the distance. Long. Secant of course.. 60-17·46, 0- 45157 California. Log plus the diff. latitude. 1095 3- 03941 The Oregon State Federation of Labor declares Equals distnnc~...... 3097 miles. 3- 49098 that the Oregon law will prevent collective bargain~ Problem No.3, Middle Latitude Sailing by Com­ ing and place the workers at the mercy of unscru­ putation.-Require the course and distance by com­ pulous employers. putation from Latitude 21-00 S, Longitude 78-30 W, In commenting on the measure and the methods to Latitude 2-00 N, Longitude 81-30 W. Assuming by which the anti-labor coalitionists secured its con­ the variation was 4 degrees W, deviation 6 degrees tract, Executive Secretary Nickerson, of the Oregon W, what will be the compass course? State Federation of Labor, said: "The adoption ofthis bill is an evidence of political SOLUTION: PROBLEM NO_ ~ debauchery such as previously had not been seen in Lat. A .... 21-00S 21-008 Long. A. 78-30W Lnt. B. 2-00 N - 2-00 N Lon>;. B. 81-30 W this state. The campaign in support of the measure marked a new low level in shameful expenditure of 23~OO 2v'19-00 3·00 money to deceive the voters. 60 60 ltlid. Lat.. !)(l-~Om "Labor could not match the slush fund which em­ DiB:. Lat.. , 1380 m ])iff.. Long.. 180 m ploying interests poured into streams of communica­ Log Diff. Long. .... 180--2-25527 tions such as radio and newspaper advertising. Log Cosine Uid. Lat... <;)-.30--9-99400 "Labor does not admit defeat, and will challenge 12-24927 the measure in the courts. Also we are confident Log minus Diff. Lat.. 1380 3-13988 that the g~eat court of public opinion will nullify this Log Tang~nt of this will equal. 9--10939, '1'. C_ . N 7-19-51 iniquitous measure when the truth becomes known, To find distance: Vnr. . 1-Q0-OO W for this sort of thing cannot endure in a democracy." Log Secant True Cour:::c 7-19-51 ..... O. 0035G Mag. C... N 3-19-51 W William Green, president of the American Fed­ Long. plus Di[f. Lat. 1380 3. 13988 Dev. . 6-00-00W eration of Labor, has assigned Joseph Padway, gen­ eral counsel of the federation, to direct the litigation Tllis Log found in talJlc 42 C.C...... N 2-40-01) E will... 3. 14844 equal distance 1391.3m to contest the validity of the Oregon measure. The argument before the courts will contend that Problem No.4, Latitwie by Star PoutTis.-March the measure not only violates both the constitution 20, 1938, at L.A.T. 1-20, A.M.' observed the star of Oregon and the Constitution of the United States, to be 37-30-15 in altitude, dip 23 feet. Longitude but that it also conflicts with tbe Wagner National 165-20 E. Require the latitude? Labor Relations Act and the Norris-LaGuardia Problem No. 5,Latitwie by Polaris.-June 7,1938, Anti-Injunction Act, both of which have been held observed Polaris to be 39-42-50, L. C. T.' 3-18-44. constitutional by the nation's highest judicial tri­ Longitude 125-26 E, 1. E. 4m-lls, dip 31 feet. Re­ bunal. In view of these precedents, A. F. of L. quire the latitude? leaders believe that both the Supreme Court of Oregon and the Supreme Court of the United States .. NoTE: These problems may be given in any of the following times: G.O.T.• L.C.T., or L.A.T. Thml, we will worl, one of each. will outlaw the measure as unconstitutional.

[8] THE MASTER. MATE AND PILOT , THE SKIPPER'S WOES w W By an Old Scotch Captain I Have pity ye, Mariners a:nd Local Boards, Versed in Exchanges,-up in Bills of Lading, Ye little Magnates-yea, most mighty Lords- Hes now a merchant for his Owne'r's trading. On the poor skipper, for his lot is cast They praise him high, declare he is a gem; Where fate unkind pursues him to the last. The credit his--:the cash all goes to them. Alas! poor man, he is in an evil plight. On deck all night amidst the pelting rain, He's always wrong, he's never in the right. In weaT'lJing calms or dreadf~d hurricanes. Upon him like a scapegoat must be thrown China typhoon, cyclone in India Seas, The faults of others, not to say his own. Africa's tornadoes-all mere trifles these. Disaster comes, and though t'wa.s not his fault, Or a bright glare at night off Newfoundland, 'Tis plain the fellow is not wo'rth his salt. Proclaims the dreaded Iceberg close at hand. , Sho~dd fogs or currents put his reckoning out-- Such dangers o'm·, long wished for 1"est is sought. I At once they ask--tlWhat was the fool about?", But "Hard to starboard!" and then "Hard to port." Hi.,; ship is wrecked or by collision sunk, Distm"bs his dreams and rushing from below- Of course, he has to prove he wasn't drunk. "A light close to, sir, on the weather bow!" If freights are low-who but himself to blame, "Hard up" b1'a10ls one, "Hard down" another cries, Jack's duff is spoiled, at once he says the same. While, half asleep, the wearied skipper tries The beef all bone and innocent of fat, To peer amid the gloom, there to discern Who but the skipper is to blame for that? A steamer's light-now half a mile astern. He shortens sail on some dark stormy night,- Once more he sleeps, but now hi.') sleep's invaded Jack growls and vows he did it out of spite. Dreams of inquiry cou,rts and Boards of Trade. Now he must teach the carpenter his trade; On board a steamer now he scorns the 1vind Now show the sailmalcer how sails are made. But other cares oppress his anxious mind,- In time of need he must be midwife too, Of valves and pistons, c.yUnders and screws; Or help to kilTr-as other doctors do. He knows or O?t,qht to know their names and use. Show.d a poor sailor sleep his last long sleep, Surface condensers, steam and 'Vacuum gauges, fIe, parson then, con.<;igns him, to the deep. Of coal combustion in its various stages; ( And, if he has a tear 01' two to spare, Of salt in boilers and incrustations, He acts chief mourner and bestows them the1·e. Of screw pJ"opellors and side wheel gyrations; Well up in cooking, and in skill profound, Of things in generalr-air, sky, and sea, At weighing tea and sugar by the pourui. A walking cyclopedia he must be. Should there be strife or mutiny on boa1'd, Arrived in port, "Well, what's up now, you asle?", He drops the scales and then takes up th2 sword, They found a little powder in a flask, And when the strife is over goes his rounds and, Fine him five pounds and see-the careless dog- Surgeon then, binds up the gaping wounds. Here's an omission in the official Log; Now as astronomer he views the stars, Fine him again--the law must be enforced,- Measures the distance twixt the Moon and Ma1·s. Some one must pay,,<:o let him bear the cost. Meteorologist 1ve find him now, Alas! poor skipper, if at sea you've trouble, Recording winds or calms blow high or low. Arrived in port perhaps you ma.y have double, Of COU1·se, he's Euclid at his finger ends, You're fined for this because you did not do it, Or, what is harder, knows all knots and bends. For something else because you never knew it,- He's cunning too at mixing paints and oils, Fined to the last and turned from door to door, Takes eveT1jthing in hand, and nothing spoils, You find you are not wanted any more.

Seamen's Wclfare Fund First Anlerican Merchant Ship

An analySis of the year's total collections on The keel of the first American merchant ship, steamship piers by the Seamen's Welfare Committee Vi1·0inia, was laid in 1607. She was hewn from the discloses that the Cunard White Star Line, with 142 Maine wilderness, on the banks of the Kennebec sailings from January 1 to December 3, made the River, and was 30 feet long, 15 feet wide and 7 feet largest addition to the fund. Tickets admitting vis­ deep. She sailed from Maine to Chesapeake Bay itors are sold on most of the piers, although in the aud theu across the North Atlantic to Plymouth, last year some companies have dropped the practice. .Eng., carrying salt fish, furs and a group of dis­ The Cunard total for the year was $15,764.90, half couraged colonists. of which went to the American committee after de­ ductions. With 63 sailings, the French Line visitors paid $13,638 in admiSSions, and the Italian Line, You may have more than one news source, but with 52 sailings, was in second place with $14,485. you have only ONE national organization to repre­ North German Lloyd sailings brought in $12,137. sent your interests.

DECEMBER, 1938 [9 J in our lives by the teeth and changed this attitude of indifference to one of Bureau of Navigation Orders concern. The next time you see a concrete CIRCULAR LETTER NO. 224 "Sec. 4310 R. S. Every master of mixer on a road building job watch any such vessel who refuses or neglects To Collectors of Customs, United States its operation. Note how the men op~ to deposit the papers as required by erating this machine feed it a combiR Skipping Commissioners, and Others the preceding section, shall be liable Corwemcd: nation of sand, gravel, cement and to a penalty of $500, to be recovered water. The machine revolves and agi. Subject: Citizenship of officers and by such consul or vice consul, in his tates the mixture until it forms a homoR crews of vessels of the United Stales. own name, for the benefit af the United geneous mass from which our roads This is to call to your attention Cir­ States, in any court of competent juris­ are built. What would happen if a cular Letter No. 123, dated July 30, diction." large boulder were thrown in? Work 1936, and Circular Letter No. 189, The use of sea letters and passports would be disrupted and unless the dated January 4. 1938, with reference was discontinued by presidential proc­ machine were stopped great damage to Section 302, Merchant Marine Act lamation on April 10, 1815. might result. of 1936 (Public No. 835 -74th Con­ It has been brought to the attention The stomach is one of the most essen~ gress). of the Bureau recently that certain tial organs of the body. The products You 'Will note that effective Septem­ masters of American vessels engaged of labor are utilized by the body for ber 27, 1938, the percentage of citizens in the foreign trade have failed to de­ promoting growth, repair of tissues, comprising the crew of a passenger posit ship's papers as required by the energy and the regulation {)f body proc· vessel which has been granted a con­ foregoing statutes. A strict compli­ esses. Its action is comparable to that struction or operating subsidy is in­ ance with the provisions of these stat­ of a concrete mixer on a much smaller creased an additional 5 per centum, utes in the future will relieve masters scale. Receiving food in a finely ground thus making it mandatory for such a of the burdens imposed upon them when state, the stomach by a series of mus~ vessel to carry a crew (crew including theY do not deposit their documents as cular contractions and rotary moveR all employes of the ship other than required. ments mixes the food with the digestive officers) of no less than 90 per centum It is requested that this be brought juices, thereby breaking it up into the American citizens. to the attention of masters of all vessels elements necessary for absorption and You will, therefore, check such ships clearing for foreign ports. assimilation. Large chunks of food carefully to see that the above Jaw is improperly masticated act in the same properly complied with. way as a boulder in a concrete mixer. They impede the work of the stomach and result in poor digestion. For a CIRCULAR LETTER NO. 226 time the stomach will do its duty under To Steamship Owners, Opcrators, Tooth Topics protest. Eventually the machinery Masters, and Persons or Organiza­ By breaks down and body function is tions ,connected with or operating DR. WILLIAM BELL thrown out of gear. vcssels in thc foreign trade, and Col­ In preparing food for stomach reR lector8 of CWltoms: BlI courtesy of William Bell, D.D.s., ception the teeth have their greatest Subject: Deposit on arrival at a foreign we inaugurate in this issue a scries of use. With human beings, the first con· port of 'Vessel's document with the articles on Dental HlIgiene which. will sideration is thorough mastication. It consul Or vice consul. appear at intervals hereafter. Dr. is the first UnIt in a chain of processes Bell has generously offered to answer pro v i din g nourishment for normal Your attention is invited to the fol­ such queries in thc field of dentistry as bodily activity. Digestion actuallY be~ lowing provisions of Sections 4309 and our readers '1T/,Q,1! wish to forwUlrd. The gins in the mouth, since the saliva conR 4310 of the Revised Statutes of the queries 10ill be answered publicly tains a ferment called ptyalin which United States, requiring the master of through our column, or if the reader aids in the digestion of carbohydrates a vessel arriving at a foreign port to will send a self-addressed, stamped and fats. It is, therefore, of the ut­ deposit the vessel's document with the envelope to Dr. Bell, he will receive a most importance that food be kept in American consul Or vice consul: personal reply to his query. the mouth as long as possible and "Sec. 4309 R. S. Every master of a It is only in comparatively recent chewed thoroughly before being allowed vessel, belonging to citizens of the years that the importance of the teeth to enter the stomach. United States, who shalI sail from any in their function and in their bearing Much stress is being laid on the port of the United States, shall, on his upon our health and general well being necessity for a well balanced diet. We arrival at a foreign port, deposit his has been clearly recognized. In years are admonished to drink milk, eat eggs, register, sea letter, and Mediterranean gone by, our teeth were taken for butter, cream and meats in proper passport with the consul or vice consul, granted. As long as they served and proportions. But no diet can be of if any there be at such port, and it did not cause trouble, they were per­ any value if the food we eat is insuffiR shall be the duty of Such consular vice mitted to remain, no matter how un­ ciently masticated by the teeth. consul, on such master or commander sightly or decayed they might have To maintain the teeth in a healthy producing to him a clearance from the been. Little attention was paid to condition constant vigilance is re.­ proper officer of the port where his them and if they became unruly they quired. Examination at regular inter­ vessel may be, to deliver to the master were discarded and forgotten. Dentis­ vals is a necessity and flaws detected all of his papers, if such master or try in those days was considered so repaired without delay. The tooth commander has complied with the pro· relatively unimportant that barbers brush is a great aid in the prevention visions of law relating to the discharge and blacksmiths were permitted to of decay and should be used at least of seamen in a foreign country, and to practice. And how they practiced1 twice a day. Sound teeth in a clean the payment of the fees of consular Scientific research in the last half mouth will go a great way towards the officers." century has shown the great role played maintenance of bodily health. Capt. Harvey Bricker Dies of the steamer Sandcraft and when the Construction Materials Company, owners of the Sandcratt, built the steamer SettSibar, he superintended the building Captain Harvey Bricker, Local No. 33, Cbicago, and commanded the ship during her operation, and died suddenly, November 15, 1938, while on a deer with great success. hunting expedition near Indian River, Mich. His passing was a great shock to his many friends 15,000 Want to Go to Sea around the Great Lakes, and particularly to his asso­ More than 15,000 applications have been received ciates in the Kirby Line and the Construction Ma­ by the U. S. Maritime Commission from men de­ terials Company. siring to enroll in the Maritime Service training Captain Bricker for many years was the rna,ster school.

[ /0 J THE MASTER, MATE AND PILOT d ·f e h

i , • , hnportan! Legislation Enacted by Congress Since January, 1935, Jnstifies Principle of "Standing by Onr Friends and Electing Them"

HE American Federation of Labor's continued Providing that all passenger vessels having accom­ T and unswerving advocacy and application of its modations for 50 or more passengers shall be Non-Partisan Political Policy as the best way of equipped with automatic sprinkler systems for fire effectively mobilizing the political strength of work­ protection. ing men and women in the interests of labor legisla­ Prevailing rate of wages to be paid on all relief tion gives renewed importance to Federal statutes work. benefiting workers secured by this method. Shipping corporations that receive subsidies from The A. F. of L. Non-Partisan Political Policy the Government must incorporate in their contracts declares it to be the duty of the organized wage minimum manning and wage scales and reasonable earners to "stand faithfully by our friends and elect working conditions. them" and "'oppose our enemies and defeat them," Granting facilities of Public Health Service to all whether they be candidates for President, for Con­ seamen on Government vessels not in military or gress or other offices, whether executive, legislative naval establishments. or judicial. Appropriated $12,000,000 for further development This policy means that in considering candidates of vocational education. for Congress, each candidate's record is examined Appropriation of $1,425,000,000 for direct work from the point of view of his friendliness for labor, relief on useful projects. disregarding entirely his political party connection. Law to stabilize the coal industry. Taking up the Seventy-Fourth Congress, which Air Mail Act providing rates of compensation and convened on January 3, 1935, and closed on June working conditions for all pilots. 30, 1936, it is found that during that period the Repealed the last 5 per cent reduction made by following Federal laws of interest to labor were the Economy Act. enacted: Appropriated funds to send 30,000 Filipinos to The National Labor Relations Act guaranteeing their home lands. the rights of the workers to organize in unions of Placing employes in the airplane industry under their own choice and bargain collectively without the Railway Labor Board. interference from employers. Forbidding the employment of aliens illegally in Social Security Act, making provisions for Fed­ the United States on relief work. eral old-age pensions, unemployment compensation, Requiring all licensed officers on vessels of the and Federal assistance to state pensions for the United States to be citizens or completely naturalized. indigent aged. In three years 90 per cent of all other departments Appropriation of $4,880,000,000 for relief of shan be citizens. unemployed. Granted 26 days annual leave for Government Prison labor law prohibiting transportation of employes which can be accumulated for succeeding prison made products into states having state use years until it totals 90 days. system. Sick leave for Government employes of one and Providing that contractors on Government work one-fourth days per month accumulative not to shall pay the prevailing rate of wages, work employes exceed 90 days. 8 hours a day and 5 days a week with no child labor Five-day week with no reduction in pay for those to be employed on all contracts entered into by an employes of the Bm·eau of Engraving and Printing activity of the Government. who were not included in the 1935 law. Forbidding transportation in interstate commerce Five-day week for employes of mail equipment of professional strike breakers. shops at the same wages for five and one-half days. Investigation ordered by the United States Senate Authorizing operation of stands in Federal build~ of spy systems operated by detective agencies em­ ings by blind persons to enlarge their economic ployed by firms and corporations to prevent the opportunities. organization of labor. Forty-hour ,veek for 121,069 postal employes with Placing under state compensation safety laws an no reduction in wages. workers employed on public works. Railroad Retirement Act.

DECEMBER,1938 [II J Calmar Steamship Corp_ Buys u. S. Maritime Commission Sells Three IO,OOO-Ton Freighters Two High-Speed Tanlwrs to Navy

H. W. Warley, vice president of the Calmar The United States Maritime Commission has an­ Steamship Corporation, has announced that the con­ nounced the sale to the Navy of two high speed cern has purchased three freighters of 10,000 tons tankers being constructed by the Standard Oil Com­ deadweight capacity, bringing its intercoastal fleet pany of New Jersey. to 14 ships. The three vessels, the Ehnsport, Colo­ These ships are part of a fleet of 12 being built rado Springs, and Edgehill, will enter service as the by Standard under an agreement with the Commis­ Kenmar, Marymar, and Oremar, 'following the sion at a cost of $37,556,004, of which the Commis­ nomenclature system now in effect and honoring the sion is paying $10,563,000 for national defense states of Kentucky, Maryland, and Oregon. features. The expansion program will make possible a new These ships will have a speed of 16 112 knots fully schedule of weekly sailings between ports on the loaded as against 121;2 knots for the ordinary com­ two coasts, Mr. Warley explained. In future, ves­ mercial tanl{ers. They are 525 feet long, 16,300 sels will sail westbound from Baltimore each Satur­ deadweight tons and have a cargo capacity of ap­ day and from Philadelphia on \Vednesdays, for Los proximately 150,000 barrels. Their 12,800 horse­ Angeles, San Francisco, Alameda, Oakland, Rich­ power engines develop more than 300 per cent mond, Calif.; Portland, Seattle, and Tacoma. It is greater power than the ordinary commercial tanker. also planned to reduce the transit time to the north­ The first of this fleet of tankers, two of which ernmost ports. the Navy has acquired under this sale, is expected The first sailing for the West Coast will be that to come off the ways in December and will be the of the Vermar, leaving Baltimore January 7 and first vessel launched in the construction program returning from Puget Sound Fe'!Jruary 16. undertaken by the United States Maritime Commis­ Until recently, when the company established a sion in carrying out the purposes of the Merchant 10-day sailing schedule, the line operated on a fort­ Marine Act of 1936. nightly basis, and with the latest revision the eastern High speed tankers are urgently required by the lumber trade wiII be offered space capacity for about Navy as auxiliary vessels for fueling the fleet. 20,000,000 feet of lumber a month, Mr. Warley pointed out. Admiral William D. Leahy, in endorsing the de­ sign for the new tankers, stated in a letter to the Lumber is the principal cargo of the company on Commission that the Navy Department "considers the eastward voyage, with steel and general cargo that the Commission, in encouraging the construc­ carried outward from New York. tion of ships of this type, is making an invaluable Although traffic men of the intercoastal lines are contribution to the national defense in the direction reporting unsatisfactory trade conditions in some of solving the vital problem of potential fuel supply particulars, the concerns are optimistic and expect to the fleet." a marked improvement after the first of the year. The tankers are being constructed by Newport At present, general cargo eastbound is fairly good, News Shiphuilding and Dry Dock Company; Beth­ although lumber carryings are appreciably off. Gen­ lehem Shipbuilding Corporation; Sun Shipbuilding eral cargo totals westbound in recent months have and Dry Dock Company; and Federal Shipbuilding been poor. and Dry Dock Company. Each is building three As an example of confidence in the future, ship­ tankers for a contract price of $3,129,667 each of ping men refer to the chartering of the Matson Line which the Maritime Commission is paying $880,250 vessel Maui by the Baltimore Mail Steamship Com­ each. The sale to the Navy of two of these ships pany, as approved by the Maritime Commission is based on the contract price. recently. At an earlier hearing before the Commission, when the International Mercantile Marine Company, operator of the Baltimore Mail service, applied for Capt. Ludvig Christensen permission to send the liner Washington on a special intercoastal run in February, George E. Talmadge, Captain Ludvig Christensen, member of Local Jr., traffic manager of the line, had urged permission No. 19, dropped dead at the wheel of the Coos Bay for the charter. He pointed out that the Baltimore bar tug Pilot, October 9, as he was preparing to service had only five ships and was unable to main­ meet the incoming Norwegian motorboat HO'ijanger. tain a weeldy service with them. The 111aui will sail Born in Norway, February 20, 1871, he came to hereafter on the sixth week. Oregon in 1890 and operated the Bandon, Oreg., The Maui will be used for the time being as a fast port tug Klih1/am for 20 years, recently coming to cargo carrier, but if the experiment turns out suc­ Coos Bay. He was well kno'\V"ll to many coastwise cessfully it may be reconditioned and altered for shippers and seamen. passenger carrying. The present ships of the fleet carry between 80 and 100 passengers.

(/2 J THE MASTER, MATE AND PilOT s r Special Roosevelt Commission Reports :l On Industrial Relations in Great Britain t

I N HIS letter of instructions to the Commission ments negotiated collectively by representatives of appointed to study industrial relations in Great a ,group or association of employers and representa­ Britain, President Roosevelt said: tives of a union or a group of unions. "I feel that there is a definite need for an impar­ The development of labor unions in Great Britain tial report which will adequately portray the real began as early as 1825. By the latter part of the situation that prevails in British industry. I trust nineteenth century labor unions were well estab­ that through conferring with Government officials, lished in a number of industries in Great Britain. industrial leaders, and labor officials, you w.ill be in Since then the trade-union membership has grown a position to report to the Secretary of Labor not from over 2,000,000 in 1900 to over 4,000,000 in only on the exact status of labor-employer relations 1914 and over 8,000,000 in 1920. Subsequently it in England, but also on the evolution of the estab­ declined to over 5,500,000 in 1925 and approximately lished procedures that account for the current state 4,390,000 in 1933. At the end of 1936, however, the of industrial relations in that country." 1,041 trade-unions in Great Britain and Ireland re­ The unanimous report submitted recently by the ported a total membership of over 5,300,000. This Commission to the Secretary of Labor covers indus­ represented roughly one-third of the workers esti­ trial relations and a brief history of social and labor mated as eligible for union membership. legislation in Great Britain, with particular em­ TRADE-UNION MEMBERSHIP IN GRBAT BRITAIN phasis on the Trades Disputes Act of 1927. A simi­ Total membership lar report on industrial relations in Sweden was Industty groups at end of 1936 submitted on September 19. The members of the Agriculture, horticulture, etc...... 33,000 Commission are: W. Ellison Chalmers, assistant Mining and quarrying...... 679,000 Metals, machines, conveyances, etc...... 686,000 U. S. Labor Commissioner at Geneva; William H. Textiles 429,000 Davis, attorney; Marian Dickerman, principal of Clothing, including boots and shoes...... 176,000 Woodwork and furniture...... 58,000 Todhunter School, New York; Lloyd K. Garrison, Paper, printing, etc _ 204,000 dean of Wisconsin Law School; Henry 1. Harriman, Building 298,000 Railway service...... 452.000 former president of the U. S. Chamber of Com­ Other transport and general labor 1,052,000 merce; Charles R. Hook, president of the National Commerce, finance, etc...... 324,000 Association of Manufacturers; Anna Marie Rosen­ National and local government. _..... 519,000 Teaching _ _. 246,000 berg, regional director, Social Security Board, New Miscellaneous 152,000 York; Gerard Swope, president of the General Elec­ tric Company; and Robert J. Watt of the American Total _ _...... 5,308,000 Federation of Labor. The following article is a British workers are organized into three main summarjT of present employer-employe relationships types of unions: in Great Britain. . 1. Craft unions with the membership belonging The recognition by employers and workers alike either to a single craft or to federations of two or that strong organizations of employers and workers more crafts. are necessary and highly desirable for successful 2. Unions which are substantially industrial in collective bargaining is perhaps the outstanding form, such as the National Union of Railwaymen or characteristic in the field of labor relations in Great the miners' unions. Britain. Employers and employer organizations in 3. General unions which take in unskilled work­ Great Britain prefer to deal with strong unions, be­ ers from aU industries, but which are also open to cause a strong union is better able to live up to agree­ skilled or craft workers in areas where no suitable ments and is in a better position to bring competitors craft unions exist. Most important among these up to the wage and hour standards of the industry. unions are the Transport and General vVorkers Similarly, union labor prefers large employer organ­ Union and the National Union of General and Mu­ izations, because they reduce the number of units nicipal Workers. which remain outside as a constant threat to the For purposes of collective bargaining a number of standards incorporated in their agreements. In fact, unions embracing about half of the total member­ an agreement between a single employer and his ship are grouped into 63 federations of different size workers or between a single employer and a union is and composition. Some of these federations are very not usuaIIy described in Great Britain as a "coIIec­ loosely bound together, while others are so highly tive agreement." The term is applied only to agree- developed that they may be regarded as complete

DECEMBER,I938 [13 ) amalgamations of the unions involved. The differ­ to a joint body composed of representatives of the ences are the result of historical growth and the district union and the district employer association. different customs, practices, and traditions in the The next step is to refer the matter to a joint body various industries of Great Britain. Most of the composed of representatives of the natienal union unions are affiliated with the Trades Union Congress, and the national employer association. Finally, if while most of the Scottish unions are in addition the national organizations fail to agree, provision is affiliated with the Scottish Trades Union Congress. usually made to refer the disput to arbitration, The development of employer organizations in which mayor may not be binding. Great Britain, first locally and then on an industry­ This step-by-step procedure has proven very ef­ wide basis, has also been gradual. ·They were first fective in settling many disputes between labor and organized primarily to combat the growth of trade­ employers without recourse either to a strike or unions. The result was a series of severe and pro­ lockout. It serves to remove local disputes and griev­ tracted conflicts with labor, some of which were ances which cannot be settled locally from the parties terminated only with the help of Government inter­ directly concerned to the organizations of employers ference or special legislation. It was not, however, and workers which are in a better position to deal until the employer association entered into bona fide with the problem in an impartial manner. The time collective bargaining with the respective unions, and required to complete these various conciliation steps joint organizations for the settlement of disputes varies considerably. However, the tendency is to were established, that more or less permanent in­ make tne procedure short enough to satisfy the dustrial peace was attained. workers involved, yet sufficiently long to allay the At the end of 1936 there were in Great Britain tension caused by disputes and to make sure that 266 general federations or associations of employers, all possibilities of collective conciliation are fully each covering the whole of an industry or a service, utilized. for the purpose of dealing exclusively with labor matters. In addition, there were 1,550 other em­ The procedure of collective bargaining and the ployer associations, chiefly of a local or district machinery for the settlement of disputes in Great"' character. Many of these are affiliated with the gen­ Britain is entirely voluntary. Both employer and" eral associations and are members of the National worker organizations are opposed to compulsory ar-X Confederation of Employers Organizations which bitration either as a law of the land or incorporated', deals with the broader aspects of labor relations and in their collective agreements. Both sides prefer to \1 labor policies. retain their right of direct action as a last resort, The agreements negotiated for the different indus­ They believe that provisions for compulsory abritra­ tries in Great Britain vary considerably as to pro­ tion weaken the entire procedure of collective bar-it visions for wages, hours, and working conditions. gaining and of settlement of disputes because of the J\ Some agreements provide for wages to be paid on tendency of the parties involved to rely too much on an hourly or weekly basis while others provide for arbitration as such. piece rates: Some include differentials based on Jurisdictional disputes between unions on theF ehanges in the cost of living and others provide for question as to whether a particular operation should,~ bonus payments based on the output of individual be performed by one type of craftsman or another:~ workers. There are many differences in the provi­ are generally settled by the unions themselves. Many {, sions relating to overtime, starting and stopping national federations of unions have developed special' time, holidays, etc. Almost invariably, however, the machinery to deal with these problems. In addition, ;; :agreements or the rules of procedure contain specific the Trades Union Congress, to which most unions provisions outlining the steps to be taken in settling are affiliated, has the power to summon the contend·''; disputes which may arise either in connection with ing unions before a disputes committee of its council,':; basic changes in the agreements or in connection The committee is generally composed of members with the interpretation of existing provisions. which have no connection with the unions involved Basic changes in wages and hours are generally in the controversy. It has the power to make final' negotiated by the national unions with associations decisions on jurisdictional controversies and in case;; of employers, and not with individual employers. If of noncompliance the Trades Union Congress may" these negotiations fail, the general tendency is to suspend the offending union. In extreme cases a.:t submit the case to an impartial agency either speci­ Court of Inqniry is appointed hy the Minister 01' fied in the agreement or mutually agreed upon dur­ Labor to investigate. These methods have been gen-,@ ing the negotiations. The decision of this impro:tial erally, though not entirely, successful in avoiding§ agency"is generally accepted by both sides, although stoppage of work due to jurisdictional disputes.' the parties rarely bind themselves in advance to Another cause of disputes between unions hinges> follow its decisions. on the question of which union shall have the right to> If a local dispute arises as to the application or organize a certain type or group of workers. Such;'~ interpretation of an agreement, or a grievance arises disputes are often called organizational disputes.'; which cannot be settled directly by the workers con­ Due largely to the effective work of the machinery? cerned and their employers, it is taken up by the devised by the unions themselves, few stoppages otE local trade-union representative or works committee. work have resulted from disputes of this type. If not settled in this manner, the problem is referred The Trades Union Congress is composed of craft!,~

[ 14 J THE MASTER, MATE AN8 PIl&T~ industrial, and general unions and has consistently every possibility of voluntary determination of taken the stand that no union has exclusive right to wages and working conditions has been explored. organize any class of workers. In order to protect Even then the Minister of Labor prefers to have a the interests of one union from the encroachment by certain minimum of voluntary agreement within another, the Congress in 1924 adopt~d the following the trade before it proceeds to set up a trade board. principles: 1. All applicants for membership in a union must state in their application whether they are or have NEWS FROM LOCAL NO. ll, BOSTON, MASS. been members of any other union and what their At a regular meeting of Local No. 11 held at our financial relationship is to that union. rooms, Monday, December 12, the ballots for the 2. No member of any union can be accepted by election of officers was tabulated and the following another union without inquiry from the union con­ brothers were elected to serve for the year 1939: cerned or he allo\ved to escape from obligations to Captain R. R. McDonough, president*; Captain one union by joining another. n. L. Dunning, first vice president; Captain Eln­ 3. Under no circumstances ig a union permitted wood Folger, second vice president; Captain W. H. to accept members from another union which is en­ Fossett, executive committee, three-year term; Cap­ gaged in a trades dispute. tain Denis McCarthy, secretary-treasurer*; Captain In addition to the voluntary conciliation machin­ Richard James, delegate to national convention*; ery created jointly between organizations of em­ Captain T. L. Brook, alternate to national convention. ployers and workers, there exist in Great Britain a This is a well balanced set of officers and all are number of Government agencies whose function it well fitted by experience and ability to conduct the is to aid and to cooperate with the existing voluntary affairs of the Local. After all, the officers cannot, without your cooperation, hope for success, partic­ machinery to further peace in industry. ularly the secretary-treasurer, because the burden Arbitration.-The Minister of Labor is sometimes of responsibility for success or failure depends more called upon under the provisions of a collective or Jess, to a degree on his determining and solving agreement to appoint impartial chairmen or arbitra­ the many problems called to his attention for tors. For this purpose the Minister of Labor main­ solution. tains a panel of qualified and experienced citizens 1'he secretary-treasurer received 93 per cent of who are willing, when called upon, to serve as arbi­ the votes cast in the election, thus the members trators or as impartial chairmen. The existence of apparently are satisfied with the policies in the past this panel and the general lmowledge of who its and with your further cooperation, we will still members are, partly accounts for the confidence of continue to strive to give the same satisfactory both employer and worker organizations in the ar­ service in the future. bitration procedure of the Government. The officers elect join me in extending to all the Conciliation.-The Minister of Labor also main­ members their heartiest thanks for the support in tains a staff of full-time trained conciliators whose the election and to extend further, their best wishes duty it is to keep in intimate touch with industrial for a Merry Christmas, a Happy and Prosperous conditions and labor relations in the area which they New Year and continued cooperation for organiza­ cover. The conciliators have no power to enforce tion ·welfare. their recommendations, and their success in settling Fraternally yours, disputes depends largely on their knowledge of the DENIS MCCARTHY, industry and its problems as well as their skill in Secretary-Trea:mrer. conciliation. '" Reelected. The Ind:u.strial CoU'rt.-A permanent Industrial Court was created in 1919 to decide controversies submitted to it by the Minister of Labor with the Correction consent of both parties. The Industrial Court is used Captain Fouratt of the Pacific Coast who nego­ only after all attempts to settle the controversy tiated the Wilmington Agreement on the Pacific through the existing voluntary machinery has failed. Coast, which was carried in our November issue, The court is appointed by the Minister of LabCJlr and called our attention to the fact that a mistake was is made up of members representing industry, labor, made and asked that the correction be set forth in and the public. Unle.c;s otherwise agreed to by the the next issue of the magazine, to-wit: parties, the decisions of the court are not binding, Subsistence to be furnished or money to be although they are generally accepted. paid at the rate of 75c per meal per man when Trade Boards.-The Minister of Labor has the working outside of Los Angeles or Long Beach power to set up a trade board to determine minimum Harbor, etc. wages and minimum standards of work in any indus­ This read in the magazine, paragraph 6 on page 8, try where in his opinion no adequate voluntary ma­ "where cooks are required subsistence shall be fur­ chinery exists for the effective regulation of wages nished at the rate of 75c per meal." The mistake was in the trade. However, neither the Government nor made in this connection because this money is only the labor or employer organizations regard this pro­ paid when the vessel is away from the port and cedure with favor, and it is being used only after where a cook is required.

DECEMBER, 1938 [ 15 J s_ol_lI1l_tions of Prolblems If l__w JIn Navigation w t By DENIS MCCARTHY ..:.. SOLUTION: PROBLI<1M NO.4 h. m.~. h. m. s. L.A.T.. l-20-DO, 20th day G.B.A . 150-3D.-30 Long.. -11-01-20 E Cor. for G.O.T... . 217-15-24

G.A.T. ... 14-1R-40.19th day G.H.A.. 367-54-54 Eq. time.. 7-59 plus r~ong. E, add. 165-20-00 YOUR G.O.T. .. 14-26-39, 19th day 533-14-54 Obs. alt•...... 37-30-15 Less.. 360-00-00 Dip. --5-59 T.J.H.A .. 173-14-54 T. alt...... 37-24-16 MAGAZINE Cor. for L.H.A.. 1-01·0(} pIns

Latitude. .. 38-25-22 N SOLUTION: PROBr~EM NO.5 h. m.s. h. m.8. r....C.T. . 3-1R·44, 7th clay G.H.A. 6th 228-25-00 Long -8-21-44 E Cor. for G.O.'!'., 285·01.-42 HeIp to make it worthy of the G.a.T.. 18-57-00, 6th day G.B.lI .. 513-26-48 Obs. alt. 39-42-50 Long.. +125-26-00 E strong organization it repre­ I.E.. ---'1-11 6:{8-52-48 31)·38-39 Les, 360-00-00 sents.... HeIp to make it in­ Dip. -(i·38 l..I-I.A. 278·52-48 teresting and informative. ... T. alt.. 30·32-01 Cor. for L.H.A. -9-0G You can do that by writing to Latitude 3tl-22·55N the Editor, telling him of hap­ Baltimore Mail Steamship Co. penings that your fellow work­ The United States Maritime Commission has ap­ ers should know.... proved the application of Baltimore Mail Steamship Company to charter the 8.S. Maui from the Matson Navigation Company. The Commission also ap­ proved this company's application to operate under charter from the United States Lines the S.S. Wash­ 'ington for one voyage between New York and San Francisco, sailing from New York February 11, Take your pen in hand today 1939. Baltimore Mail, hy using the S.S. Maui in its and tell us what you think of regular intercoastal run between New York and San Francisco, will be able to provide regular weekly Vol. T, No.8. sailings, thus eliminating the present interruption every sixth week in its sailings between the two ports.

NEW YORK DENTIST Write to: DR. WM. BELL CAPT. JOHN J. SCULLY, Editor SURGEON DENTIST Masters, Mates and Pilots 57 Whitehall St. New York Cil)' 'Phone WHitehall 4--3079 15 Moore St.

Established 19 Years at Soutll Ferry New York, N. Y. Special Attention to Seafaring Men liL_

[ 16] THE MASTER. MATE AND PILOT Partial List of Labor Agreements Held by Masters, Mates and Pilots of America ......

East Coast Great Lakes H. Kato & Launch No. 29U202 Louis Knutson Colonial Navigation Co. Chicago Roosevelt Steamship Co. Coos Bay Dredging Co. Wood Towing Co. Kirby Line Northwestern Pacific Railroad Co. Cape Cod Steamship Co. Grand Trunk Western Railroad Co. The Western Pacific Railroad Co. Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co. Southern Pacific Co. (Pacific Lines) Ann Arbor Railroad Co. Bay State Steamship Co. Coos Bay Logging Co. Ross Tow Boat Co. Pere Marquette Railway Co. Atchison, TopeIta & Santa Fe I~ailway Co. Boston Tow Boat Co. Great Lakes Transit Corp. Reedsport Towboat Co. Rhode Island Shipping Co. Chicago-Duluth & Georgian Bay Transit Boat Operators of Columbia District Wilson Line. Inc. Co. Seekonk Corp. Norfolk & Washington, D. C. Steamboat Bay Transport Co. Nicholson-Universal Steamship Corp. Co. Port Orford Cedar Co. Eastern Steamship Lines Mfunesota Atlantic Transit Co. Puget Sound Ferry, Passenger & Freight Eastern Transportation Co. Chicago & Milwaukee Steamship Co. Boat Operators Southern Transportation Co. Wisconsin-Michigan Steamship Co. McCormack Steamship Co. (East Coast-South American Service) South Atlantic Steamship Co. Crystal Beach Transit Corp. P. F. Martin, Inc. (Pacific Coast-rorto Rico-West Indies Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Co. Service) Southern Pacific Co. (Intercoastal Service) Daty Tank Ship Corp. Marine Sand Company American Mail Line Postal Steamship Corp. Lake Sand Corp. Dollar Steamship Lines Prudential Steamship Corp. Mackinac Transportation Co. Pacific Steamship Lines Calmar Steamship Corp. Cleveland & Buffalo Transit Co. Tacoma Oriental Line The Union Sulphur Co. Matson Navigation Co. Argonaut Line, Inc. The Oceanic Steamship Co. Isthmian Steamship Lines Oceanic & Oriental Navigation Co. »»«« (Australia-New Zealand Service) Mooremack Gulf Lines Matson Steamship Co. Shephard Steamship Co. Los Angeles Steamship Co. Clyde Mallory Lines California Steamship Co. New Yorl{ & Porto Rico Steamship Co. Gulf Grace Line (Panama Mail Steamship Co.) Newtex Steamship Corp. U. S. Tank Ship Corp. (Pacific Coast Panama Line Service) American Sugar Co. Freeport Sulphur Co. (Direct Pacific Coast~South American Sinclair Navigation Co. Service) Waterman Steamship Corp. Staples Coal Co. Sudden & Christensen Kellogg Steamship Corp. Arrow Line Coastwise Trans. Co. (Intercoastal Service) Southern Steamship Co. Lykes Bros. Steamship Co. States Line New England & Southern Steamship Co. Standard Fruit & Steamship Corp. Pacific-Atlantic Steamship Co. Diamond Steamship Co. Weyerhaeuser Steamship Co. Peninsular & Occidental Steamship Co. Luckenbach Steamship Co., Inc. Hartweison Steamship Co. Luckenbach Gulf Steamship Co., Inc. Mystic Steamship Co. Bulk Carriers Corp. Pocahontas Steamship Co. »»«« Alaska Steamship Co. WeIlhart Steamship Co. Northland Transportation Co. M. & J. Tracy Alaska Transportation Co. Santa Ana Steamship CO'. Atlantic Transport Co. IT'est Coast Southern Pacific Golden Gate Ferries, Ltd. The Baker Whiteley Coal Co. Martinez-Benicia Ferry & Transportation Chesapeake Lighterage Co., Inc. River Lines Co. The Cottman Co. Richmond-San Rafael Ferry & Transpor· San Pedro Towboat Co. tation Co. Curtis Bay Towing Co. Ship Owners & Merchants Tug Co. California Towing Co. A. J. Harper Ship Owners Assn. of the Pacific Coast Freightors Inc. Pennsylvania Railroad Co. Libby, MeNeill & Libby Shell Oil Co. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. Alaska Salmon Co. New York Central Railroad Co. Red Salmon Canning Co. The national organization is ne­ Lehigh Valley Railroad The Alaska Railroad New York, New Haven & Hartford Rail­ San Diego & Coronado Ferry Co. gotiating for agreements with the road Wilmington Transportation Co. following steamship companies: Delaware, Lack.awanna & Western Rail~ Sacramento Northern Railway road Northwest Towboat Assn. u. S. Lines Central Railroad Co. of N. J. Erie Railroad Washington Navigation Co. Munson Line Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Key System Sword Steamship Co. Panama Railroad Steamship Co. Santa Cruz Portland Cement Co. Scantic Line or I LIST OF EXECUTIVES With tlteil" Addresses--Conneeted wirh the National Organization of Masters, Mates and Pilofs of America I

CAPT. JAMES .J. DELANEY CAPT. CRAS R. KERTEL:L National Pr~5ident National Ei$thth Vice President 15 Moore St., N~w York. N. Y. 912 Avenue "1(," Galve

CAPT. JOHN PRUETT (1908-20) CAPT. HORACE F. STROTHER (1920-.... ) CAPT. FRED C. BOYER Kittery Point, Me. 2022 Oo.k!:md Ave.• Piedmont. Calif. -5115 IWgent St., West Philadelphia. Pa. >';",CAPT. FRANK H. WARO *CAPT. WM. S. VAN KUnEN *CAPT. JOHN C. SILVIA New York. Alhany. N. Y. Boston. Mll9~. .. OC(:('a~ed. SECRETARIES OF LOCALS National Organization 01 Masters, Mates and Pilots of America

1. CAPT. JOHN J. SCULLY 24. CAPT. J. J. MICKLER 15 Moore St., New York. N. Y. St. John Bar Pilots' ASlIoeiation. 17{l2 Lynch BId!;.• Jacksonville, FIa. 2. CAPT. HOYT S. MORRIS 240 S. Third St.• Philadelphia, Pa. 27. CAPT. CLIFrON W. Ry'l'F.:ll P. O. Box 2(), Gamboa. Canal Zone 3. CAPT. C. DEMOOY 8211 Pavonia Ave.•.Jersey City. N. J. 30. CAPT. S. J. MILLIKEN P. O. Uox 1{l86. Balboa. Canal ZOlle 4. MR. HARRY L. HABGROv:e, JR. P. O. Box S4{l. Mobile, Ala. 33. CAPT. W. A. ROWI.AND 37{l{l Concord Place, Chicag-o, Ill. 5. CAPT. H. M. ANGELL 24 Ninth St.. East Providence, R. 1- 36. CAPT. J. S. THOMPSON 226 E. Bay St., Savannah, Ga. 6. CAPT. JOHN M. Fox 117 Canadian National Dock. Seattle. Wash. ,10. CAPT. GEORGE M. FOURATT Hoom 21, Ferry Bldg.. San Franci"co, Calif. 7. CAPT. II. DEOERICI{ 7Q Clermont St.. Saug-erties. N. Y. 42. CAPT. E. S. SMITH . 2133 Stillman Rd., Cleveland Heights. Ohio 8. MR. MICHAEL E. KATONA 2304 Smith Tower, Seattle. Wash. 47. CAPT. J. C. CRAIG (.f"uget Sound Pilou;' Association) Box 1180, Route 3. H3,7.el park. M.ich. 9. CAPT. B. T. HURST 49. CAPT. EDWARD P. PARKER Room 601. Portloo::k Bldg., Norfolk. Va. 3 Fortuna St., Newark, N. J. 11. CAPT. DENIS MCCARTHY 50. CAPT. THOMAS FAGEN 156 State St.. Boston, Mass. 816 Michig 19. CAPT. SAM V. SMITH l) r.bin St., San Franciscv. Calif. 905 N. Eighth St., Marshfield, Oreg. 20. CAPT. CHARJ~ES R. KERTELL 407Jh 21st St.. Galveston, Tex. 1. Apprentice Local 22. CAPT. Eow. BRAUN CAPT. JOHN J. SCULLY c/o Sandy Hook Pilots, 24 State St.. Ne\\' York. N. Y. 15 Moore St.• New York City