DOCSLIB.ORG

The Jordan River and the Dead Sea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Jordan River and the Dead Sea Israel Ministry Trip Let’s continue to prepare our hearts and minds for our Israel adventure by reading some scriptures associated with places we’ll be visiting on the last four days of our tour. The Jordan River and the Dead Sea The Jordan River John baptized in the wilderness and all Jerusalem came out to him. After Yeshua’s baptism, he was led by the Spirit into the wilderness and fasted for 40 days. Qasr el-Yahud is the traditional site of the baptism of Yeshua. Today, the river is the international boundary between Israeli controlled territory and the country of Jordan, and pilgrims from both countries come to be baptized at the same spot in the river, just on opposite banks. In this area, Joshua and children of Israel crossed the Jordan (on dry land) and entered the Promised Land (Joshua 3). Elisha and Elijah also crossed the Jordan on dry land in this area (2 Kings 2:8, 13, 14). The Dead Sea Over 30 miles long and 9 miles wide, and about 1300 ft below sea level, the Dead Sea is the lowest place on earth. It is 9% saltier than sea water, allowing visitors to enjoy a relaxing float. The waters are rich in sodium chloride, sodium bromide, potash and magnesium, all of which are extracted for use in pharmaceuticals, agriculture and the car industry (respectively). The health benefits of Dead Sea water have been made into cosmetics, and exported world-wide. Ezekiel 47:1-10, depicts Living Water flowing from the Temple in Jerusalem bringing life to the Dead Sea. Masada Herod’s magnificent cascading fortress became the last refuge for a small group of Jews who held out against the Roman siege in 72 AD (two years after the Romans had destroyed the temple in Jerusalem). The Roman’s built a siege ramp to bring up battering ramps and ballista ball throwers to gain access to the rebels, only to find that the defenders had taken their own lives rather than be slaughtered or enslaved by the Romans. From here we can also reflect on a battle that took place, not so far away, between King Jehoshaphat and a mighty invading army (2 Chronicles 20). Ein Gedi The name means the “spring of the little goats”. It is a wilderness oasis where David and his men hid from King Saul (1 Samuel 24). Enjoy a short hike through the beauty of God’s creation, with a chance to splash in the small waterfalls that cascade through the nature reserve. The park is home to Hyrax (biblical “shephanim” Proverb. 30:26) and Ibex (wild goats; biblical “Yaelim”). The fresh flowing water from the four springs in the area contrasts with the salty waters of the Dead Sea below, where no fish can live. The high mountains are for the wild goats; the cliffs are a refuge for the shephanim. (Psalm 104:18) Exploring Jerusalem – Some Highlights We first encounter the city of Jerusalem in the Bible in Genesis 14: 18-20. Melchizedek, the king of Shalem came out with bread and wine to meet Abram after Abram defeated the five kings who had captured Sodom and Lot. Melchizedek was a priest of God Most High and Abram gave him a tenth of everything. “Shalem” comes from the Semitic root for peace or wholeness (Shalom in Hebrew and Salaam in Arabic). In ancient texts it is called “Rushilimum” (Egyptian Execration texts, 1900 BC) or “Uru-salim” (14th century BC el-Armarna correspondence between the Canaanite king of Jerusalem and the Pharaoh.) In scripture, it is also called “Jebus” (i.e., the city of the Jebusites, who lived in Jerusalem until David conquered it about 1000 BC), the city of David, the City of God (“My city”, “My holy mount”) and “the holy city.” The walls of Jerusalem’s Old City date to the time of the Ottoman Turks who rebuilt the city walls in 1538.Until 1860 the entire city of Jerusalem was inside these walls. Mt. of Olives The Mt. of Olives flanks the east side of the Old City of Jerusalem. Yeshua often stayed with Mary, Martha and Lazarus at Bethany on its eastern slopes, and would walk over the mountain each day as He came into the Temple courts to teach. Often he would stop there to teach his disciples about the things to come (Matthew 24 and 25). The week before Passover he descended the mount from the village of Bethpage riding on a donkey, stopping to weep over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41-44). Here he prayed in the Garden of Gethsemane before he was betrayed. From here He ascended to His Father and will return. “This Jesus, who has been taken up from you into heaven, will come in just the same way as you have watched Him go into heaven.” (Acts 1:11) As it was prophesied by the prophet Zechariah: Then the LORD will go forth and fight against those nations, as when He fights on a day of battle. In that day His feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, which is in front of Jerusalem on the east… (Zechariah 14:4) Whose feet? The LORD’s feet? This is a very puzzling passage from a Jewish point of view… how can the LORD have feet? The rabbis answered… the MESSIAH’s feet… The Garden Tomb Jerusalem was the city of God’s provision: provision to Abraham of a sacrifice in place of Isaac on Mt. Moriah (today’s Temple Mount); and provision of a savior, for the sins of the world. As we begin our time in Jerusalem, we’ll take time to tour the Garden Tomb, and remember together his sacrifice that was accomplished in this city on our behalf. Sites in the Jewish Quarter The Jewish Quarter is full of history. We’ll pass by the wall constructed by King Hezekiah to protect Jerusalem from the Assyrian attack in 701 BC (Isaiah 22:8-11 and 2 Kings 18, Isaiah 37). In the 6th century Jerusalem’s primary street, the “Cardo” will pass through this area. Pray at the Western Wall. The South-Wall Excavations Excavations in the decade after the Six-Day War uncovered the streets and monumental staircases from Herod’s magnificent temple. We can hear the echo of Yeshua’s disciples “Teacher, behold what wonderful stones and what wonderful buildings!” (Mark 13:1). The Davidson Center which is located in one of the old stone buildings in the area holds a small collection of finds – including “Widow’s mite coins”, oil lamps (the parable of the wise and foolish virgins) and other artifacts from the time of Yeshua. For additional information: http://www.rova-yehudi.org.il/sites/the-davidson-center/ Temple Mount Mount Moriah was the site of both Solomon’s (first) temple and Zerubbabel’s (second temple). Herod completely renovated the temple and expanded its courts by means of a massive retaining wall. Some of this wall still stands and has been used as a Jewish prayer area, the Western Wall, for nearly 400 years. During some periods, the Muslim rulers of the city only allowed Jews to pray here on the 9th day of Av, the anniversary of the destruction of both temples: a day of fasting and lamenting over the sins of the people that had led to the destructions of the temples by first the Babylonians and then the Romans (thus the nick-name “Wailing Wall”). Today the mount is the third holiest place in Islam – housing the “Dome of the Rock” and the “El-Aqsa Mosque”. Excavations from the 1970s until present allow us to walk along the face of the wall of Herod’s platform through the “Western Wall Tunnel.” Israel Museum Nearly 2000 years ago a Jewish sect that hid their scrolls and documents in the surrounding caves, just prior to being conquered by the Roman army in 68 AD. The Dead Sea scrolls, as these documents are known, include fragments from about 900 different parchments, including Biblical texts and commentaries; Jewish writings from the intertestamental period and works unique to the sect itself. Considered the most important Biblically-related archaeological find of the twentieth century, the Dead Sea scrolls provide a window into the Jewish community of the time of Yeshua. The Biblical scrolls, in particular, allow scholars to analyze how accurately the texts were copied by Jewish scribes from the first century BC until our earliest complete manuscript in the tenth century AD. The Knesset The Israeli Parliament, the Knesset, has 120 members from ten or more parties. In the outgoing Knesset, the largest party is the Likud, headed by Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu, with 30 seats. Netanyahu’s coalition had 66 members from six parties (three secular parties and three Jewish religious parties). Eighteen members were Arabic-speakers including Muslims, Christians, Druze, Bedouin and secular. As Israel prepares for elections in April, we’ll have the opportunity to pray for the peace of Jerusalem in the garden between the Knesset and the Supreme Court building, across the street from the Prime Minister’s office, the Foreign Ministry and the Bank of Israel. Pray for the peace of Jerusalem, may they prosper who love you (Psalm 122:6) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • B'tselem Report: Dispossession & Exploitation: Israel's Policy in the Jordan Valley & Northern Dead Sea, May
    Dispossession & Exploitation Israel's policy in the Jordan Valley & northern Dead Sea May 2011 Researched and written by Eyal Hareuveni Edited by Yael Stein Data coordination by Atef Abu a-Rub, Wassim Ghantous, Tamar Gonen, Iyad Hadad, Kareem Jubran, Noam Raz Geographic data processing by Shai Efrati B'Tselem thanks Salwa Alinat, Kav LaOved’s former coordinator of Palestinian fieldworkers in the settlements, Daphna Banai, of Machsom Watch, Hagit Ofran, Peace Now’s Settlements Watch coordinator, Dror Etkes, and Alon Cohen-Lifshitz and Nir Shalev, of Bimkom. 2 Table of contents Introduction......................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter One: Statistics........................................................................................................ 8 Land area and borders of the Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea area....................... 8 Palestinian population in the Jordan Valley .................................................................... 9 Settlements and the settler population........................................................................... 10 Land area of the settlements .......................................................................................... 13 Chapter Two: Taking control of land................................................................................ 15 Theft of private Palestinian land and transfer to settlements......................................... 15 Seizure of land for “military needs”.............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Water, Ecology, and the Jordan River in Islam
    RIVER OUT OF EDEN: WATER, ECOLOGY, AND THE JORDAN RIVER IN ISLAM ECOPEACE / FRIENDS OF THE EARTH MIDDLE EAST (FOEME) SECOND EDITION, JUNE 2014 © Jos Van Wunnik COVENANT FOR THE JORDAN RIVER We recognize that the Jordan River Valley is that cripples the growth of an economy a landscape of outstanding ecological and based on tourism, and that exacerbates the cultural importance. It connects the eco- political conflicts that divide this region. It systems of Africa and Asia, forms a sanctuary also exemplifies a wider failure to serve as for wild plants and animals, and has witnessed custodians of the planet: if we cannot protect a some of the most significant advances in place of such exceptional value, what part of the human history. The first people ever to leave earth will we hand on intact to our children? Africa walked through this valley and drank from its springs. Farming developed on these We have a different vision of this valley: a vision plains, and in Jericho we see the origins of in which a clean, living river flows from the Sea urban civilization itself. Not least, the river runs of Galilee to the Dead Sea; in which the valley’s through the heart of our spiritual traditions: plants and animals are afforded the water they some of the founding stories of Judaism, need to flourish; in which the springs flow as Christianity, and Islam are set along its banks they have for millennia; and in which the water and the valley contains sites sacred to half extracted for human use is divided equitably of humanity.
    [Show full text]
  • February 7, 2021 Jordan $4,965
    Bethlehem Sea of Galilee Nazareth HOLY LAND HERITAGE & Jordan Jerusalem January 25 – February 7, 2021 Jordan $4,965. *DOUBLE OCCUPANCY Single Supplement Add $680 Inclusions: R/T Air - Fargo/Bismarck - Subject to change Hotel List: Leonardo Plaza– Netanya • 4 Star Accommodations Maagan - Tiberias • Baggage Handling at Hotel Ambassador – Jerusalem • 21 Included Meals Petra Guest House – Petra • Caesarea Maritima * Plain of Jezreel Dead Sea Spa Hotel – Dead • Nazareth * Sea of Galilee Sea • Beth Saida * Capernaum * Chorazin • Jordan River * Jordan Valley • Caesarea Philippi * Golan Heights • Beth Shean * Ein Harod * Jericho • Mt. of Olives * Rachael’s Tomb For Reservations Contact: • Bethlehem * Dead Sea Scrolls JUDY’S LEISURE TOURS • Jerusalem * Bethany * Masada *Passport is required • Dung Gate * Western Wall Valid for 6 months 4906 16 STREET N • Pools of Bethesda * St. Anne’s Church beyond travel date. Fargo, ND 58102 • King David’s Tomb • Mt. Zion * Garden Tomb 701/232-3441 or • Jordan * Petra * Seir Mountains • Royal Tombs * Historical King’s Highway 800/598-0851 • Madaba * Mt Nebo • Baptismal Site “Bethany beyond the Jordan” Insurance $382. Purchase at time of Deposit Day 1 & 2: We will depart the United States for overnight travel to Israel. After clearing customs, we will be met by our guide who will take us on a scenic drive through Jaffa, the oldest port in the world. Jonah set sail for Tarshish from Jaffa but was swallowed by a large fish. Jaffa was also the home of Tabitha, who was raised from the dead by Peter. Peter had his vision here while lodging in the home of Simon the Tanner.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Jesus Walked
    Where Jesus Walked: Day 01: Arrival at QAIA – Meet & Assist – Transfer Amman for 4 Nights You will arrive at Amman airport and will be met by our representative at the airport; you will transfer to your hotel in Amman where you will spend 4 nights Day 02: Visit Bethany – Visit Churches in Amman & King Abdullah Mosque You will be collected form your hotel after breakfast and travel to Bethany Beyond Jordan, which is located very close to the Lowest Place on Earth the Dead Sea. For Christians Bethany Beyond Jordan is probably the most significant pilgrim site in the world. Jesus’ baptism in the Jordan River, the opening of the heavens and the arrival of the Holy Spirit is the very beginning of Christianity. John was baptizing in the river Jordan close to Beit 'Abara, where Joshua, Elijah and Elisha crossed the river and very close to where Elijah ascended into heaven. In New Testament times, it became known as Bethany, the village of John the Baptist. This Bethany is not to be confused with the village of Bethany near Jerusalem, where the Bible says Lazarus was raised from the dead. The Bible clearly records that Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist (Matthew 3: 13-17), and that John the Baptist lived, preached and baptized in the village of Bethany, on "the other side of the Jordan" (John 1: 28). The baptism site, known in Arabic as al- Maghtas, is located at the head of a lush valley just east of the Jordan River. After Jesus' baptism at Bethany, he spent forty days in the wilderness east of the River Jordan, where he fasted and resisted the temptations of Satan (Mark 1: 13, Matthew 4: 1-11).
    [Show full text]
  • Today's Bible Story Is About Crossing the Jordan River and Conquering Jericho
    The Story (7.5): The Battle Begins 08/29/2021 Joshua 6:2-5 Rev. Dr. Sunny Ahn Today's Bible story is about crossing the Jordan River and conquering Jericho. After 40 years of the honeymoon in the wilderness, God and God's people are about to move into their new home in the Promised Land—Canaan. This moving is not gonna be an easy one for God's people as they face a wall of the Jordan River, a land of warriors, and powerful cities on the way. So, God prepares them, starting with their new leader and God's new partner, Joshua, by strengthening his heart, mind, and soul with a commend, "Be strong and very courageous." Now, it is the time for Joshua and God's people to put their faith in action for crossing the Jordan River and conquering Jericho. Crossing the Jordan River was one of the key events in Israel's history. Just as God brought God's people out of the land of bondage by dividing the Red Sea, so God brings them into the Promised Land by dividing the Jordan River. No armies were chasing Israel this time as in Egypt. They could have built boats and taken their time to cross the Jordan River, but God led them by dividing the Jordan River for three reasons: First, to put His confirmation on Joshua as Moses' authorized successor. He says in Joshua 3:7, "This day I will begin to exalt you in the sight of all Israel, that they may know that, as I was with Moses, so I will be with you." Second, God aimed to strengthen the people's faith that He is with them and will give them victory in the battles ahead (Joshua 3:10).
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher Bible Study Lesson Overview
    4th-6th Grade Kids Bible Study Guide Unit 8, Session 1: The Israelites Crossed the Jordan River TEACHER BIBLE STUDY Only one geographical barrier separated the Israelites from the promised land of Canaan: the Jordan River. When Joshua and the Israelites arrived, the Jordan River was flooded due to spring rains and snowmelt. Any other time, the river would have been manageable, but crossing the swollen river would have been as daunting as crossing the Red Sea. (See Joshua 4:23.) God gave Joshua a promise and a command. First, He promised to drive out from before them all the people of the land. Then God told him to tell the priests to carry the ark of the LORD (a symbol of God’s powerful presence) into the waters of the Jordan. Then the waters of the river would be cut off from flowing, and the waters coming down from above would stand in one heap. The priests did as Joshua commanded. The waters stopped, and all of the people passed over on dry ground. The LORD commanded Joshua to have 12 men each take a stone from the middle of the Jordan. When the priests came up out of the river, the water started to flow and was again flooded. Joshua set up the stones to be a memorial. The stones served as a reminder of God’s faithfulness in bringing Israel safely across the Jordan into the promised land. The Israelites could do nothing apart from God. He was with them, and He was going to fight for them.
    [Show full text]
  • BIBLICAL RESEARCH BULLETIN the Academic Journal of Trinity Southwest University
    BIBLICAL RESEARCH BULLETIN The Academic Journal of Trinity Southwest University ISSN 1938-694X Volume VII Number 8 The Jordan River Valley, the Jordan River and the Jungle of the Jordan Gary A. Byers Abstract: This brief popular article provides a description of the southern Jordan Valley as a background for the excavation at Tall el-Hammam on the eastern Jordan Disk. It has previously appeared in several publications, and is republished here with permission from the author. © Copyright 2007, Trinity Southwest University Special copyright, publication, and/or citation information: Biblical Research Bulletin is copyrighted by Trinity Southwest University. All rights reserved. Article content remains the intellectual property of the author. This article may be reproduced, copied, and distributed, as long as the following conditions are met: 1. If transmitted electronically, this article must be in its original, complete PDF file form. The PDF file may not be edited in any way, including the file name. 2. If printed copies of all or a portion of this article are made for distribution, the copies must include complete and unmodified copies of the article’s cover page (i.e., this page). 3. Copies of this article may not be charged for, except for nominal reproduction costs. 4. Copies of this article may not be combined or consolidated into a larger work in any format on any media, without the written permission of Trinity Southwest University. Brief quotations appearing in reviews and other works may be made, so long as appropriate credit is given and/or source citation is made. For submission requirements visit www.BiblicalResearchBulletin.com.
    [Show full text]
  • River out of Eden: Water, Ecology, and the Jordan River in the Jewish
    RIVER OUT OF EDEN: WATER, ECOLOGY, AND THE JORDAN RIVER IN THE JEWISH TRADITION ECOPEACE / FRIENDS OF THE EARTH MIDDLE EAST (FOEME) SECOND EDITION, JUNE 2014 I saw trees in great profusion on both banks of the stream. This water runs out to the eastern region and flows into the Arabah; and when it comes into the Dead Sea, the water will become wholesome. Every living creature that swarms will be able to live wherever this stream goes; the fish will be very abundant once these waters have reached here. It will be wholesome, and © Jos Van Wunnik everything will live wherever this stream goes. Ezekiel 47:7-9 COVENANT FOR THE JORDAN RIVER We recognize that the Jordan River Valley is a that cripples the growth of an economy landscape of outstanding ecological and cultural based on tourism, and that exacerbates the importance. It connects the eco-systems of political conflicts that divide this region. It Africa and Asia, forms a sanctuary for wild also exemplifies a wider failure to serve as plants and animals, and has witnessed some of custodians of the planet: if we cannot protect a the most significant advances in human history. place of such exceptional value, what part of the The first people ever to leave Africa walked earth will we hand on intact to our children? through this valley and drank from its springs. Farming developed on these plains, and in We have a different vision of this valley: a vision Jericho we see the origins of urban civilization in which a clean, living river flows from the Sea itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Water for Peace in the Jordan River Watershed
    Volume 33 Issue 3 Summer 1993 Summer 1993 Water for Peace in the Jordan River Watershed Aaron Wolf Recommended Citation Aaron Wolf, Water for Peace in the Jordan River Watershed, 33 Nat. Resources J. 797 (1993). Available at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nrj/vol33/iss3/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Natural Resources Journal by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. AARON WOLF* Water for Peace in the Jordan River Watershed INTRODUCTIONI Legend has it that the headwaters of the Jordan River were orig- inally three separate streams flowing in various directions, and quar- reling constantly over which was the largest and most important. Finally, the streams invited the Lord of the Universe to judge between them. The Lord descended and seated Himself on a small hill between them which, even today, is known as Tel Dan or Tel el-Kadi: "Hill of the Judge" in both Hebrew and Arabic. "Rivers! Ye are dear to Me, all three. Hearken to My counsel: Unite together and Ye will indeed be the most important." And so the Jordan was formed. On and off since regional water talks began in May 1992 in Vi- enna in the context of multi-lateral negotiations between Arabs and Is- raelis, the inhabitants of both banks of the River have been meeting to see if they can follow similar advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossing the Jordan
    Friends of The Earth Middle East C ro ssing the Jord an Concept Document to Rehabilitate, Promote Prosperity and Help Bring Peace to the Lower Jordan River Valley CONCEPT DOCUMENT March 2005 EcoPeace / Friends of the Earth Middle East Amman, Bethlehem and Tel Aviv Supported by: Government of Finland | European Commission SMAP program | US Government Wye River Program and UNESCO Amman Office Note of Gratitude FoEME would like to recognize and thank the Government of Finland, the SMAP program of the European Commission, the Wye River program of the U.S. government and the UNESCO office in Amman, Jordan for supporting this project. We are particularly grateful for the support to this project and dedication to peace in the Middle East of Ms. Sofie Emmesberger who served at the Finnish Embassy in Tel-Aviv. FoEME is further grateful for the comments received from an Advisory Committee that included Hillel Glassman, Adnan Budieri and David Katz. The views expressed are those of EcoPeace / FoEME and do not necessarily represent the views of our expert team, project advisors or our funders. Expert Authors: Professor Michael Turner is a practicing architect, currently teaches in the Department of Architecture at Bezalel, Academy of Arts and Design, Jerusalem holding the UNESCO Chair in Urban Design and Conservation Studies. He serves on many professional-academic bodies including being the incumbent chairman of the Israel World Heritage Committee. Mr. Nader Khateeb holds an M.Sc. degree in Environmental Management from the Loughborough University Of Technology, U.K. He is the General Director of the Water and Environmental Development Organization (WEDO) and Palestinian Director of Friends of the Earth Middle East.
    [Show full text]
  • Jericho 1 Jericho
    BIBLE LANDS NOTES: Jericho 1 Jericho Jericho is the oldest walled city known to us. Oldest city in the world to be discovered thus far. It was the major city at the southern end of the Jordan valley located at the western end of the plain. “City of Palms.” 825 feet below sea level. From Jerusalem to Jericho and the Dead Sea area, it is a drop of 3,600 feet in 20 miles. Location: - West of the Jordan River arid just north of the Dead Sea. - About ten miles from the point where the Jordan River empties into the Dead Sea. - About seventeen miles northeast of Jerusalem. Jericho sits on a ten acre mound that is four hundred yards (1200’) long from north to south. - The mound is 50’ high. - The mound is uneven on top with four smaller mounds on it. - The highest mound is 90’ which is 40’ above the level of the lower mound. Jericho is mentioned some sixty-three times in the Bible. New Testament Jericho is located about one mile west of the modern city. Jericho in the Old Testament It is first noted when Israel camped on the other side of the Jordan River. Numbers 22:1; 26:3 The two spies sent out by Joshua from Shittim lodged with Rahab, the harlot, in Jericho. Joshua 2:1-24 BIBLE LANDS NOTES: Jericho 2 As Joshua stood by Jericho, the commander of the army of the Lord appeared to him. Joshua was told to take off his shoes because he stood on holy ground.
    [Show full text]
  • The Water Rights of the Co-Riparians to the Jordan River Basin
    The Water Rights of the Co-riparians to the Jordan River Basin David J.H. Phillips, Shaddad Attili, Stephen McCaffrey and John S. Murray Chiang Rai, 28 November 2005 An overview of the shared water resources: Five co-riparians exist in the Jordan River basin: Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Jordan. Israel and Palestine also share four groundwater aquifer basins, three in the West Bank, and one in the Gaza Strip. The last of these is the Coastal Aquifer and lies in part under the Gaza Strip, extending along the Mediterranean coast. Opening of the Zionist claims on The Johnston Israeli National Desalination starts Lebanese and Palestinian Plan 1953-56 Water Carrier 1964 at Ashkelon 2005 water sources 1919 Israeli Military Orders The Franghia Lowdermilk/Hays on water resources 1967 Plan 1913 Plans 1944, 1948 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 The Six-Day The British War 1967 Israel withdraws Mandate 1917-1948 from southern Israel bombs Syrian Lebanon 2000 and Jordan water infrastructure 1964-66 The Ottoman The partition of Yasser Arafat dies 2005 Empire, to 1917 Palestine 1947; Israeli-Palestinian peace the 1948 war. process 1991-1995; Israel- Jordan Peace Treaty 1994 Elements of the Presentation Y The human right to water. Y The first attempt: the Johnston Plan. Y More recent Agreements. Y Key principles of international law. Y Generating equitable and reasonable distributions: - equal per capita allocations; - the development of a positive-sum outcome; - the need for cooperative management. • The human right to water. • The first attempt: the Johnston Plan. • More recent Agreements between the co-riparians.
    [Show full text]