SOUTHERN EDITION THE COST OF APARTHEID In reply to a question by Mr. Brian Bunting, the Acting Minister of Health disclosed the following Statistics of the incidence of tuberculosis in South Africa over the past four years: 1948 1952 Europeans 1,609 1,422 Coloured persons (including w d v a a c e Asiatics) 5,478 5,715 Africans 15,681 20,942 Registered at tbe ADVANCE, THURSDAY, AUGUST 27, 1953 G eneral Past* Cfilce as a Newspaper PRICE 3d INDIANS NEXT VICTIMS OF IDENTITY CARD SYSTEM Registration Starts In Pretoria JOHANNESBURG. rpH E Government has now started the registration of Indians un- der the Population Registration Act, and they will, in all likeli­ hood, be the next group to be issued with identity cards. As with the issue of the new Pass Books to Africans (also un­ der the Population Registration Act) Pretoria has been chosen as the first centre for the inauguration of the system.

A notice has been issued to Asia­ tics (in this group fall Indians, Chi­ nese and Malays) in Pretoria and the townships of East Lynne, Silver- A Message From ton and Pretoria North, requiring all Bucharest men and women over the age of 16 to complete a questionnaire to en­ JOHANNESBURG. able the Department of the Interior From Bucharest Mr. Walter to determine the citizenship oc all M. Sisulu, secretary-general of Asiatics. the African National Con­ gress, who was a guest of the These printed questionnaire forms World Youth Festival, sent an were distributed house to house dur­ interview to Advance in which ing August 12 to 21. They are also he stated he was vastly im­ Among the thousands of young people at the Bucharest Youth Festival were 44 South Africans, some available at police stations. pressed with the Festival, and of whom are seen here while leading the contingent in the Festival march»past. the wonderful spirit of the Each individual is required to fill youth. in the form and return it in person “I feel,” he cabled, “that the between August Q4 and 29. People, two things which must be done says the instruction of the Depart­ without delay in South Africa ment, must “present themselves in are to intensify the work of the family order to be photographed”. youth movement, laying espe­ “ FIGHT FOR PEACE’* Each individual must pay 2s. 6d. cial emphasis on cultural acti­ for his photographs and must pur­ vities of young people; and the chase a revenue stamp to this formation of a national wo­ amount from a post office before men’s organisation to deal CALL TO SOUTH AFRICANS coming to be photographed. with the issues concerning wo­ men. These two forces will be The questionnaire runs to eight the backbone of a future happy foolscap pages of questions. It re­ South Africa.” quires such details as grandfather’s date of birth; the date of the indi­ vidual’s father’s entry into the Big National Conference Plans union, details, numbers anil dates of such documents as letters of exemp­ tion, letters of protection, condona­ tion certificates, all permits, Trans­ Intensive Campaign vaal Asiatic Registration certificates Throbbing JOHANNESBURG. and all provincial permits. QOUTH AFRICA’S first national Peace Conference established the South African Peace Council in Headaches ^ Johannesburg last week-end. The conference expressed its conviction that mankind can avert the horrors of war, and went on to record its opposition against the use of Africa as a warbase. It de­ manded bread and social benefits, peace and disarmament rather than w^ar preparations and urged all South Africans to ensure that negotiation triumphs over attempted solutions by force, not only be­ Criminal Law tween the great powers, but also i n Africa and other parts of the world where foreign domination tried GO! to impose itself by force. Amendment Act Two hundred and seventy-five Mr. A. Fischer, Q.C., banned congress to spread the work of M a g-Aspirin Is better. It calms delegates from 3 provinces, repre­ from participation in any gathering, peace throughout South Africa.” Appeal Wins your angry nerves and gently senting 260,870 people, deliberated and in the Peace Movement, by a , A resolution from the floor pro­ soothes away those stabbing for two days on the causes of war; notice from the Minister of Justice posing that the Peace Movement PRETORIA. pains. Mag-Aspirin’s safe, seda­ the effects of colonialism on the served on him just two days before send a deputation to Mr. Swart to tive action has given thousands African Continent in relation to war the conference opened, beat the ban urge him to lift the ban on Mr. The Supreme Court upheld the drives; the effect on people’s daily imposed on him by recording a mes­ Fischer was unanimously adopted. appeal of Mr. Arthur Matlala of sufferers speedy relief from lives of the burden of war prepara­ sage, to which the delegates listened against his conviction on a charge backache, bladder pain, neuritis, tions and the tasks before the South in deep silence and emotion at the “BALLOT FOR PEACE” under the Criminal Law Amend­ lumbago, headaches, toothache, ment Act. Mr. Matlala was found African Peace Movement. opening session. Attacks on the Conference decided to conduct a sleeplessness, and rheumatic peace movement in the past have “Ballot for Peace” throughout the guilty of “soliciting money to assist Among the main speakers at the not prevented the movement from a campaign conducted by means of pains. Get Mag-Aspirin to-day 1 conference were Professor Joseph nation to obtain signatures from growing and spreading, said Mr. people everywhere for the use of unlawful acts” in March this year Gillman, Mr. Nelson Mandela (pre­ Fischer’s recorded speech. and sentenced to oen year’s impri­ sident of the Transvaal African Na­ negotiation to settle international disputes rather than resort to force sonment and eight strokes. The Su­ tional Congress, Dr. Guy Routh, “I have already given my answer preme Court ruled that the measure mnc-nspiRfn economist, Mrs. Jessie McPherson, and war. The target for this national to Mr. Swart in telling him that the ballot will be 100.000 signatures. was not law at the time when it is not ordinary aspirin who represented the S.A. Labour present attack also will fail to ob­ was alleged he contravened its pro­ Party, Mr. Debi Singh of the Natal struct the march of the people to­ Reverend D. C. Thompson, one visions. Mag-Aspirin Powders, 21- per box. Als® Indian Congress, Mr. Cecil Williams, wards peace. I know that my answer of the founders of the S.A. Peace available in Tablets at 2/6 at all chemists national chairman of the Springbok is correct and that the real reply to Movement, was elected president of His conviction and sentence of and stores. Legion and Mrs. F. Thaele from Mr. Swart will come not from me t\\$ 3-A. Peace Council amidst acla- £50 or six months under Proclama­ Cape Town. but from the determination of this (Continued iO page 3) tion 256 was confirmed. 2 ADVANCE, THURSDAY, AUGUST 27, 1953 3rd WORLD TRADE UNION Clarion Call Soviet Russia’s announcement Foreign diplomats and newspapers that she has exploded a hydrogen complained that the Communists CONGRESS IN OCTOBER bomb has given the Western world were practically running the coun­ a shock. The hydrogen bomb is try already. several times more powerful than and limited groups of militants. The the atom bomb. A few hydrogen The prospect of Persia, with its preparations for the Congress are bombs could wipe out the main oil, falling outside their orbit was the affair of all workers. Every one centres of life in the U.S.A. If it more than the West could bear. Stuggle For Peace, of them has his share in the re­ should come to war, what protec­ Hence the putsch which has de­ sponsibility for this work. By grasp­ tion could the United States Gov­ posed Mossadeq and brought the ing the idea that this is their con­ ernment offer its citizens? Shah back. Just who will get the Wages, Freedom gress, they will make this great in­ oil now is not quite clear. The ternational meeting in Vienna the Do you remember the sneering Shah has stated Anglo-Iranian LONDON. Congress of the men and women and scoffing that greeted Malen­ won’t get it anyway. So perhaps workers of the whole world.’* kov’s announcement that Russia it’s the Americans who have once rr\H E Third World Trade Union Congress will take place in knew the secret of the hydrogen more in Persia, as in many colo­ October this year in Vienna in a period of militancy and pro­ MASS MEMBERSHIP bomb? All the political wiseacres nial or semi-colonial countries gress for trade unionism, particularly in the colonial countries. The W.F.T.U. has a membership and press pundits airily dismissed since the war, muscled in on a The period between now and October is being taken up in most throughout the world of 80,000,000 the claim as a frightened boy’s British preserve. Meanwhile An­ countries with intensive preparations linking the coming Congress and is incomparably the greatest whistling in the dark to keep his glo-Iranian shares have risen to with the mass action, unity and social demands of the workers. and most powerful working-class courage up. The Russians could their highest point since 1949. Highlights of the trade union ration of Trade Unions has been organisation in existence today or not have discovered the secret, we movement at the present are the widely circulated and is being dis­ at any previous time. were told. Their scientists were too One thing can be stated with rising wave of militant action com­ cussed through the affiliated union ignorant, their industry too back­ fair certainty, however, and that is bining the demand for improved centres and in various sectors of The opening words of the appeal ward. Why, it was not even certain that the Shah, despite all his fo­ wages and conditions with the call the Trade Union Internationals. to the October Congress give the that America had the hydrogen reign friends can do, won’t last keynote to the present situation and bomb, so how could the Russians for peace and freedom from colo­ Emphasis throughout has been on very long. Of all the countries of nial exploitation. the tasks of the movement: have it? the Middle East, it is in Persia that mobilising the widest mass support the people have been most exten­ Most dramatic union activity has and understanding of the tasks of “Where big business is piling FOOD FOR THOUGHT sively drawn into the struggle been in France, Italy, Japan, Indo­ the World Congress and connecting up gigantic profits, your living Now that the Russian hydrogen against imperialism. That is the nesia, Brazil, Ceylon, India, Aus­ them with the daily activities of the conditions are becoming increas­ final guarantee that that struggle tralia. But in scores of other coun­ workers in their various fields. ingly intolerable.” explosion has been confirmed in tries, in South America, Asia, Africa London and New York, the Wes­ will be successful in the not too In a statement on the Congress, tern world has been given furious- distant future. and elsewhere trade unionism is on Louis Saillant, general secretary, With regard to the colonial the advance. countries, the trade union move­ iy to think. The warmongers, who stated: “The tasks of the Trade have already taken a crack in Ko­ The Appeal of the World Fede­ ment consider “one of the first IN DISGRACE Unions should not be left to small tasks to be the developmnet of these rea but were hoping to avenge it struggles in all their aspects: aboli­ with atom bombs in due course, In South Africa, as debate fol­ tion of racial discrimination and are now in something of a panic. lows debate on Bill after Bill of forced labour, the achievement of* If the other guy is going to hit Nationalist repression, the United and respect for “trade union rights harder than you hit him, then per­ Party moves steadily towards ex­ and democratic rights and demo­ haps it’s not such a good idea to tinction. This year they have not cratic freedom, the development of start a fight. There is talk of re­ found enough guts among all their national economy and industry, land viving the Ugited Nations disar­ members to oppose the Govern­ reform and the " dividing of land mament con^tssion, negotiations, ment on a single important issue. among the peasants and agricultural discussions, bargainings —anything but war. During the February session the workers, opportunities for a decent U.P. voted with the Government life, freedom and culture”. If the Russian discovery of the on the Public Safety and Criminal Among the thousands of dele­ hydrogen bomb makes West Law Amendment Bills. One result gates who will sfcemble in the big more willing to^settle ouVandKng)^ of their cowardice on that occa­ Vienna Concert* House will be disputes round the conference sion, I am satisfied, was that they table, it wll still prove a powerful lost the election. South Africans tff various nationa­ force for peace. In this respect the lities, including Africans who are Russian assurance that the West Now this session again the U.P. facing the threat by the Nationalist has nothing to fear from the dis­ is voting with the Government on Government to destroy their grow­ covery should aid the efforts of the Native Labour Bill and the Se­ ing trade union movement. those all over the world who are parate Amenities Bill, and I have fighting for peace and an enduring no doubt, will find an excuse to settlement between the big five give way on the Coloured Vote powers. Bill in due course as well. TOO MUCH FOR PROSPECTS IN PERSIA It seems to be futile to warn the U.P. that appeasement doesn’t pay. We live in a world of constant It hasn’t been paying for years HIM tension and surprises. Each day we now, but the party bosses don’t open our newspapers with some seem to be able to understand why. CAPE TOWN. trepidation. Who can guess what The reaction of some Nationalist message of war or disaster may be UNPRINCIPLED supporters to the Budget is well staring at one in huge headlines OPPORTUNISM illustrated by tlie following letter on the front page? which appeared in ‘Die Burger’ on What is more disgusting about 19th August, under the pseudonym Last week Advance confidently the U.P. is the way their so-called of “Embittered, Neilersdrif”. announced, on the basis of the “liberals” accommodate themselves latest dispatches from overseas, to the unprincipled opportunism “To me, as to thousands of others that the Shah of Persia had been of the party. In the debate on the the budget came as a violent shock, thrown out of his country for Native Labour Bill in the House so I watched your columns with in­ good. “Almost as a last throw to last week it was pathetic to see terest, and also the outcome of the prevent this mutual settlement people like John Cope and Mrs. budget debate in Parliament. What (with Russia) from coming into Suzman, who certainly know bet­ struck me most was the negative being”, stated our diplomatic cor­ ter, cross the floor to vote with the attitude and ‘ja-broer’ mentality of respondent, “the Shah launched Nats. In the debate on the Sepa­ our Nationalist members of Parlia­ his attempted military coup. The rate Amenities Bill Dr. Zac de ment. No one dared to voice just Persian masses rallied behind Mos- Beer, who used to enjoy a reputa­ criticism; on the contrary, all the sadeq and the armed forces and tion as a radical and a progressive provisions of the budget were wel­ smashed the attempt. The Shah, in his student days, openly ac­ long an instrument of foreign in­ cepted the principle of apartheid comed with enthusiasm. To them it fluences, fled”. was the most wonderful budget in as embodied in the Nationalist the Union’s history. A week later the Shah was back. Bill. Like most instruments of foreign We must listen ad nauseum to the influences, he let others do his Even the Labour Party, which ENJOY old hackneyed story about this and dirty work for him, and was con­ has fought well on a number of that which is alleged still to be the veniently out of the country while occasions this year, floundered on cheapest in the world. Not a single his supporters were risking their the Separate Amenities Bill. True, ALL THREE attempt was made to bring other necks for his return. That he still they reject the Nationalist Bill, but sources of taxation, such as alcohol has doubts about the permanency only, as their amendment states, and cigarettes, to the attention of of his rule may perhaps be gauged because it departs from the tradi­ —Smoke the Minister. All fhe criticism level­ from the fact that he has left his tional South African policy of so­ led by the Opposition was naturally wife behind in Rome for the time cial separation with “equity and only for propaganda! being. justice”, which the Labour Party accepts. Don’t our platteland M.P.s know WITH FOREIGN SUPPORT how embittered the platteland is Yes, the Nationalists have suc­ over the scandalous rise in the price The Shah’s coup was engineered ceeded almost completely in taking C i ? c of petrol? by the army, undoubtedly with the colour question out of party foreign support. For a long time politics — to use Strauss’ pettifog­ I consider such a display of com­ now the West has been very wor­ ging formula. At any rate, Parlia­ plete subordination lamentable, be­ ried about Persia. Anglo-Iranian mentary politicians no longer find cause it can lead to autocratic ac­ oil had been expelled and its pro­ it politic to oppose apartheid root tions by Ministers who well know perty threatened with nationalisa­ and branch as the source of all in­ Treat yourself to true smoking pleasure that they can always rely on an tion. In the last few weeks there justice and race hatred in this obliging ‘ja-broer’ majority to gloss were frequent reports of friendly country, " ucTTT over and endorse their actions.*’ negotiations with Soviet Russia* CHANTICLEER Advance, Thursday, august 27, 1953 3 BRITISH T.U. DELEGATES EXPOSE COLD WAR LIES

Visited Scenes Of Fake Riots LONDON. A N illustration of how the Western propaganda agencies fabricated tales of civil strife, riots, strikes and sabotage in Poland and spread them throughout the world as factual reports of a “general revolt” against the People’s Democratic Government was made by a party of British Trade Unionists on their return to England. They f *>£3i JHa h*il T • ; * were in Poland at the time of the reports and at their own request * • r made tours of inspection of the actual spots where the “risings” were supposed to have taken place. The Trade Union party consisted an on-the-spot investigation. No ob­ $ W K : \ • ‘ ;: •■ \ of 36 workers in various industries jection was raised to this, and we m m m ■■ 1 elected by their branches, national visited the so-called “trouble areas”. m m l i i i and district committees and were A - led by Mr. T. W. Colvin, assistant “However, our conversations with secretary of the Amalgamated So­ people convinced us, without doubt, ciety of Foundry Workers. that there was no foundation for TSWr^rvv-^- and no truth in these newspaper re­ A statement signed by all mem­ ports. bers of the delegation and issued to the Press said: CAMPAIGN OF LIES REPORTS OF RIOTS “Many delegates expressed the -m * s u L “On the eve of our departure view that this exposure of such a home the British newspapers had scandalous campaign of lies gives NO MONOPOLY OF THIS WEAPON carried reports of riots in Warsaw serious food for thought about all and strikes among the workers in the other stories currently peddled. the iron and steel centres of Silesia. These stories we now recognise as “Naturally we wanted to make distortions of the truth.” “FIGHT FOR PEACE” (Continued from page 1) marked by South Africa foj^ Middle wanted bread before bombs and Peace Conference mation. Mrs. Jessie MacPherson, East “defence” could ) r .e placed butter instead of bullets. The tax­ Mr. A. Fischer, Q.C., Chief A. Lu- 400,000 children in schools. “War is payer did not want to pay for ar­ thuli, Mr. R. K. Cope, Maulvi Ca- destroying our economy and our mies to be sent to Korea to destroy SETTLE DIFFERENCES chalia and Mr. Dan Tloome were happiness,” sai$J Mr. Amra. the homes of the people there and elected vice-presidents. Mr. Debi Singh said that colonial­ bomb defenceless women and child­ ism in Africa and the subjugation ren, she declared. Prof. Joseph Gillman, speaking of peopl’W by foreign powers were BY NEGOTIATION! during the session “War and Peace VIGOROUS CAMPAIGN a ' ^efiiiite onuses of war. One problem today faces all mankind with overwhelming ur­ and the Common People” said: The conference decided to imple­ APPEAL TO CHURCHES gency. The threat of total warfare, fought with atom bombs, “URGENT TASK BEFORE US” ment a vigorous Union-wide cam­ hydrogen bombs, napalm and germs, confronts us not simply An appeal for approaches to paign to bring home to the people “As I think of Africa today, of with the issue of peace or war, but with the very survival of churches and religious movements the close relationship between war the human race. that vast territory extending from to support the peace movement preparations and declining stan­ the Sahara to Cape Town, with its came from Mr. Robert Oakes, of dards, and to win public opinion for There are no differences of system, outlook or policy between population of 160,000,000 Africans the Brotherhood of Light and Truth. a policy of peace and disarmament. nations which could justify such terrible slaughter. and Indians and is 4,000,000 whites; He s uggested that the churches All South Africans of goodwill are There are no differences which cannot be settled by negotiation. as I reflect on the plight of the should declare a “Peace Sunday” urged to join in the task “so that people—of the one million lepers when sermons of peace could be bread and social benefits may re­ This is the world-wide demand of people everywhere: existing and of the millions of tuberculotics, preached throughout the country. place the diversion of men and na­ wars must be brought to an end; at all costs the Korean conflict of the parasite-infected human Miss Ida Mntwana said that the tional resources to war prepara­ must not be allowed to break out again; nations must come to beings, of the millions of babies ordinary people of South Africa tions”. the conference table to settle their differences in a spirit of con­ born into filth and degradation and cession and compromise in the cause of peace. Intransigent stands who never reach the age of twelve can only lead to new conflicts. months; and when I reflect that The use of violence, not only between sovereign states, but to there are vast expanses of land suppress subject peoples, is a factor of peril leading to expanding stretching from the Indian Ocean to wars. the Atlantic Ocean which, if culti­ vated could feed the entire conti­ AFRICA, COLONIALISM Negotiation must triumph over attempted solutions by force, nent of Africa as well as Europe, not only between the Great Powers, but in Africa and other parts then I know that there is a great and AND WAR of the world. urgent task before us. South Africans! Peace is within the grasp of each one of us! “And that is why you must talk rjRHE South African National Peace Conference, which met in Let us act now for peace! of peace now, feel it and dream it, Johannesburg last week-end, adopted the following resolution lest you be distracted by nefarious in connection with Africa, Colonialism and War: devices. Lest you feel alone here to­ day, lest you feel that you are voices Congress recognises the affirma­ Congress declares that the po­ crying in the wilderness, I would as­ tion of the United Nations Char­ licy of race-discrimination in the sure you that there are at least 700 ter that racial discrimination and Union of South Africa pursued by million people thinking in the same the employment of force to hold the South African Government NATAL CONGRESSES way.” peoples in dependence and colo- constitutes a breach of the Union’s nal subjection operates as a power­ obligations under the United Na­ S. AFRICA IN FRONT LINE ful menace to peace. tions Charter, and a threat to CALL HASS CONFERENCE Mr. Cecil Williams said: “War We affirm that recognition of world peace. We believe that in has no victories for the people. We, the fundamental human rights of the interests of peace the South the people, pay for the manufacture African Government should: all peoples, without distinction as DURBAN. of bombs for the process of our to race, colour, sex, language or O Adhere to the spirit of the own destruction. Whatever the an­ religion, to self-government and Charter and implement the resolu­ A CONFERENCE has been called jointly by the African National tagonisms between different systems seif-determination, is the only tions of the United Nations Gene­ Congress and the Natal Indian Congress to discuss the increase in the world they can be settled by stable basis for the establishment ral Assembly concerning South in the Cost of Living and the decentralised bus terminals. The Con­ peaceful negotiation. Not to accept of lasting peace and international Africa; ference will be held at the Gandhi Hall, Lome Street, on Sunday, this is to accept that we are less harmony. 30th August, 1953, commencing at 10.30 a.m. than men. • Renounce threats to incor­ We condemn the use of force to porate the Protectorates against Invitations have been sent to all increased costs for essential commo­ “War in Europe today is almost settle disputes, not only between the wish of their inhabitants; sporting, cultural, trade union, dities. They point out that there is impossible because the people re­ major states, but also to impose church and social organisations. De­ great discontent amongst the thou­ ject war. South Africans must see and maintain foreign domination • End the policy of diplo­ legates representing the various fac­ sands of bus users on the siting of that they are no longer geographic­ on the peoples of Aifrca. matic, commercial and cultural tories in Durban and district have bus terminals at Winterton Walk ally isolated from the sites of war. isolation which contributes to also been invited to attend this Con­ and Lorne Street. The use of Africa as a warbase, ference. The mining of uranium has brought the territorial ambitions of outside the continuation of tensions, re­ The Congresses are confident that stricts our economy, and pre­ us into the front line of battle, con­ powers, and the exploitation of The Congresses are greatly per­ the Conference will demonstrate cluded Mr. Williams. Africa’s peoples and material re­ vents friendly relations between turbed at the rise in the cost of the widespread public demand for sources, presents a constant threat South Africans and the peoples of better living conditions and for the The £6 million spent on the Ko­ other countries; living of all sections of the South rean war could have educated to stability and peace. African population. The recent tax­ use of the Testing Grounds as a 60,000 children in South Africa who The cause of world peace would ® Ensure, in co-operation with ations on bread and transport im­ central bus terminus. are running half-naked in the streets be greatly strengthened by the other governments, the production posed by the Minister of Finance, The present efforts of the autho­ and in the slum areas, said Mr. Cas- participation of the peoples of of uranium for peaceful and con­ Mr. Havenga, says their statement, rities in providing robots, etc., have sim Amra, of Durban. He pointed Africa in the World Peace Move­ structive purposes, not for atomic has seriously burdened the poorer had little effect on the chaos in this out further that the £42 million ear­ ment. warfare. sections of the communities, with area during peak hours. 4 ADVANCE, THURSDAY, AUGUST 27, 1953 ADVANCE, THURSDAY, AUGUST 27, 1953 5 SLAVE BILL THROUGH EAST-WEST TRADE BURSTING COMMITTEE STAGE THROUGH U.S. TRADE BARRIERS ment in the hope that it will be ac­ Denmark has just concluded a cepted,” said Mr. Bunting, “I know pact with the Soviet Union for ex­ that if it were accepted it would change totalling 145 million Danish make nonsense of the Hon. Minis­ American Businessmen Double- Crowns in both directions during UJ>. Votes With Nats. ter’s Bill, but in my view the Hon. the next two years. The exchange Minister’s Bill makes nonsense any­ will include five refrigeration ships CAPE TOWN. way”. built in Denmark and other indus­ 7T\HE Native Representatives and the Labour Party were the only Later in the debate on the same Cross Own Allies trial equipment in exchange for A members of Parliament who offered any serious opposition to clause Mr. Bunting asked the Minis­ Soviet wheat, cotton, cattle food, the Government in the committee stage of the Native Labour LONDON. again, they are the first to cash in iron ore and asbestos. ter of Labour to what extent the on that trade themselves. (Settlement of Disputes) BiU in the House of Assembly last week. industrial peace of the country had m H E immense and profitable market for practically every kind of Anticipating American objec­ goods in China, the Soviet Union and the People’s Democracies The United Party was in confusion until the whips brought suffered by the inclusion of African TRADE AGREEMENTS tions, the Danish Minister of all the members under control and forced them to vote with the women in the definition of em­ is creating a growing interest in Western business circles where it Foreign Affairs declared: “This Government. Even then some U.P. members sneaked out rather than ployee in the Industrial Conciliation is regarded as the only possible way of compensating for the de­ Examples of how this system is agreement is purely a Danish- conform. Prior to this several United Party members voted with the Act. clining markets of the “capitalist sector.” breaking down under the sheer Soviet affair.” Native Representatives and the Labour Party against the Government. “African women have been able Trade channels are being opened up and business is flowing in force of necessity are shown in the The Dutch Government has con­ to take part in collective bargaining a small stream which promises to swell into a vast tide despite the wide range of agreements being cluded a new agreement with the Criticising Clause 3 of the Bill workers of any race. frantic efforts of the Americans to build up the walls of a trade em­ concluded week by week between which provides for the establish­ any many thousands of African East German Democratic Republic MAKES NONSENSE women have been employed in in­ bargo around the Eastern countries. countries on both sides of the “iron for an exchange of 8 million guil­ ment of a Central Native Labour curtain.” Board consisting of Europeans ap­ Mr. Bunting moved an amend­ dustry. As far as I am aware that Faced with the fact that official Speaking in Washington, Sena­ ders in both directions. Holland ment to clause 35 of the Bill which position has not led to any deterio­ tor Joseph McCarthy announced will export herrings, phosphates and pointed by the Minister, Mr. Brian and unofficial missions from dozens At present a Soviet Trade mission fruit pulps for German potash. Bunting said: provides for the exclusion of all ration in race relations and it has of Western states are concluding he intended to introduce a mea­ is conducting talks in Britain for a African workers from the provi­ not affected industrial peace during deals with friendly and businesslike sure imposing severe penalties on greatly enlarged grain exchange British buyers took a big interest “The Hon. Minister says that he sions of the Industrial Conciliation all these years they were recognised all trading activities with the in the great annual fur sales in wants his Central Native Labour negotiators across the “iron cur­ agreement. Britain recently refused Act. By deleting the latter half of under the Industrial Conciliation tain,” the United States leaders are People’s Republic of China. He to sign the American-dictated inter­ Russia this year. Board to be the mouthpiece of the the clause the amendment meant Act.” said the proposal would provide employees. I really think that he is threatening more and more ^drastic national Wheat Control pact be­ The little country of Iceland has the recognition of all workers under The Minister made no attempt action against their “Allies.” for a fine of three times the value cause American prices are fixed at concluded an important trade agree­ not very concerned with what the the I.C. Act. “I move this amend­ of all goods exported to or im­ Board is so long as it is not a to reply to this question. too high a level. It is now hoped ment with the Soviet Union in ported from China in addition to to obtain from the Soviet Union 6? which Russian cement, flour, metal “Mau-mouth-piece”. He went on to a penalty of one million dollars say that with the whole trade union Above: The South African choir million tons of grain as against 1 goods and oil products will be ex­ tor every shipload taken in or million last season. changed for the frozen and salt fish movement opposed to the establish­ and drama group performs during out of China. Senator McCarthy ment of the Board it could hardly one of the cultural programmes at expressed the opinion that these be conducive to industrial peace. NATS SEEK TO Bucharest fines should be deducted from the The sole purpose of the regional ~ United States aid,” at present Native labour committees provided Below: A corner of the South Afri­ being paid to countries under the Americans Organised for in Clause 4 of the Bill was to can photographic exhibition at the American alliance which allow provide the Minister with the op­ their nationals to infringe the portunity of choosing his own good MUZZLE World Youth Festival for Peace and trade embargo. boys who would serve his own riendship. The exhibition depicted At the same time, financial circles Overthrow of Persian good purpose, said Mr. Bunting, life, working conditions and in Britain are fully aware of the but who would not serve the inte­ struggles of our peoples. ironical situation that American rests of the workers. CHURCHMEN businessmen are among the biggest Government ? traders to China and are conducting NEW CLAUSE a lucrative and increasing commerce The Labour Party’s main criti­ Durban ^Municipal with the Chinese mainland through cism of this clause was that the the intermediary of Japanese firms. African workers would have no Workers Elect means of having their views repre­ Dangerous Clause In The volume of American trade Air Force was in Teheran sented to the regional committees. Officials with China is believed to be many times larger than British trade LONDON. The Minister of Labour then intro­ DURBAN. which has been badly hit by the duced a new clause providing that New Leases The 19th Annual General Meet­ STR O N G indications are coming to light that the United States U.S.-imposed embargo and is only ^ Government engineered the coup that overthrew the Govern­ in industries where not fewer than ing of the Durban Indian Municipal just beginning to recover this year. 20 Africans were employed, works JOHANNESBURG. Employees’ Society was held here ment of Dr.Mossadeq in Persia and instituted the military-royalist dictatorship last week. In Britain there is still considerable doubt committees should be set up. rp H E new conditions for the leasing of church sites in urban last Sunday at the Magazine Bar­ U.S. DOUBLE-CROSS racks, Durban. about the advantages to be reaped from the putsch, as it is known Mr. A. Hepple (Leader of the Native areas are causing alarm in missionary circles through­ The extreme right-wing financial that the new dictator, General Zahedi, is bitterly anti-British and Labour Party) criticised the new The following officials were paper of the City of London, The out the country. elected: Mr. R. K. Gounden, chair­ since his pro-Nazi days has become, with the Shah, clearly associa­ clause on the grounds that it Recorder, shows a marked interest ted with the American camp. favoured the employer by enabling Under the new lease the Minister of Native Affairs may have man; Mr. T. C. Che tty, vice-chair­ in the possibilities of the China man; Mr. S. L. Singh, secretary; Mr. him to set up a “Company Union”, a lease cancelled without compensation if in his opinion “any acti­ trade, regardless of ideology, and American intrigue against Dr. The paper openly named the and that the Minister’s provision for B. Somers, organiser; and Mr. vities conducted therein (in the church premises) are such as to makes some comment on the way Mossadeq has been going on for a American officer Gen. Schwartz- the presence of a Native Labour George Singh, legal adviser. in which American business is cash­ considerable time, in fact ever since kopf as the organiser of the coup. officer when the works committee encourage or tend to encourage deterioration in the relationship ing in on the market behind the the United States failed to acquire The General was until recently a elected its liaison officer would between Natives and the Government or governmental persons or backs of its Allies. an interest in the Iranian oilfields United States military “adviser” in arouse suspicion. bodies or the lessor.” The Recorder says: “The country under the guise of conciliating Bri­ Persia and is reported to have had The new clause was adopted. which is in the minds of industria­ tain and Persia. conversations with the Shah a week “In terms of this Bill the whole As Church bodies cannot pur­ lists in Britain, in the United States, before the first coup. chase land for church buildings in PRESIDENT’S GRANDSON ARMY PLOTS REPUBLICAN An air traveller who arrived in labour structure of our country and in Germany and in Japan is China.” locations and African areas they BOOK BANNING As long ago as last September the Holland on the day after the the whole structures of wages and Among those who protested at After discussing the scope of conditions of work can simply be have to lease land for their premises Persian newspaper Besouie Ayan- street fighting in which some 300 from the local authority. CHECKED the banning of Mr. Fischer was Mr. British exports and the fact that deh warned Dr. Mossadeq that both people were killed by the troops upset by the dictate of the Hon. Y. Cachalia, joint secretary of the America has been quietly build­ Minister,” Mr. Bunting remarked, LONDON. the United States and British Gov­ supporting the Shah, said when he Up to the present the lease has The recently elected progressive GAGGED BY SWART South African Indian Congress, ing up business with China, the ernments were encouraging army had left Teheran: The only when describing the effects of clause been a fairly simple one, regularis­ who said that this attack on the paper comments: “Despite Ameri­ 13, which gives the Minister power majority in the British Guiana plots to overthrow him. thing I noticed was that there ing such things as fencing of the House of Assembly has passed a to establish a national peace move­ liberties of Mr. Fischer showed that can protests, the United States was an unusual number of Ameri­ to lay down conditions of work for area and the use of the building has been trading with China, This information was given au­ Bill repealing the Subversive Litera­ ment in the Union. democracy was on the wane even thority only a few weeks later when can military planes standing by for religious purposes. ture Ordinance under which books within the confines of the priviliged mainly through Japan.” at the airfield.” Commenting on his ban, Mr. white minority. the New York Times said in an edi­ and publications were banned from The difficulties caused by Ameri­ torial that it was to be hoped “sane The U.S. Press reported that after BERLIN FOOD The additional clauses in the the Colony. The Progressive Party Fischer, Q.C., Victim Of Fischer said that this undemocratic new lease would give the Minister act had been used once again to But by arbitrarily interfering with can restrictions on Britain are il­ elements in Persia” would “take ac­ the military had seized control and chairman, Mr. Burnham, stated: lustrated by a remark in the article: tion to remove him (Dr. Mossadeq) the streets were still running with WAR BACKFIRE of Native Affairs the power to “We don’t want McCarthyism in attack organisations which most the rights of organisations and in­ close down a church if he did not Fascist Act sharply opposed the reactionary dividuals the Government would “A recent inquiry for blood plasma, from office”. the blood of Persians killed in the LONDON. British Guiana.” The Bill goes to for instance, was rejected because fighting, the U.S. Ambassador in approve of the views of the prea­ the nominated upper House and the policies of the Government, and to never succeed in coercing the peo­ After the first abortive putsch by Hundreds of thousands of food cher, or even of a member of the JOHANNESBURG. stifle freedom of speech at the sole ple of South Africa into submission. of its potential military value.” Gen. Zahedi to overthrow Dr. Mos­ Teheran cabled to Washington that Governor for consent. a “holiday atmosphere” prevailed parcels distributed by the Ameri­ congregation or church committee. T ATEST victim of the banning notices of the Minister of Justice discretion of a single Cabinet Min­ The people—white and non-white CREATING MONOPOLY sadeq and when the masses in Te­ cans to the people of East Germany is Mr. Abraham Fischer, Q.C., chairman of the Congress of ister. had to act now to stop the govern­ POSITION heran had rallied to foil the plans in the capital. were offered last week to the unem­ ATTACK ON RELIGION Democrats and a prominent figure in the progressive movement of ment sending the country on the of the militarists, the pro-Govern- In a comment on the coup ployed of West Berlin. They had the Transvaal. road to dictatorship and ruin. American trade policy, hiding un­ ment press published a statement Western Alliance WILL NOT BE INTIMIDATED der the ideology of “anti-Commu- spokesmen of the State Department been handed in by those who col­ Commenting to Advance on the Last week Mr. Fischer was served with two notices under the that the United States did not con­ in Washington said they had felt terms of the new lease, Archdeacon nism” is in fact designed to bolster lected them and the Government Cracking Up Suppression of Communism Act. The one required him to resign He added that it was intolerable DEMOCRATIC LEAGUE sider Dr. Mossadeq’s Government for a long time that it was “impos­ authorities negotiated with the Cen­ R. P. Y. Rouse, said this appeared from the entire U.S. aim of creating a to be legal. The spokesman of the 17 organisations, the second prohibited him for two years that at Mr. Swart’s discretion he monopoly position in the world’s sible to do business in a rational tral Unemployed Committee of to be an attack on the freedom of NEW YORK. from Expressing his abhorrence at the U.S. Embassy in Teheran refused to manner with Dr. Mossadeq’s Gov­ religion. “Instead of saying what attending any gatherings whatsoever. should be prevented from carrying markets which will enable them to West Berlin to arrange for the dis­ “No matter what the expressions out what he considered to be the notice served on Mr. Fischer, the deny the statement. ernment”. tribution. The Committee accepted, you feel, you will have in future to of goodwill, the facts about the Of the 17 organisations men­ Orange Free State; his grandfather chairman of the Democratic League, “export” their economic crisis to be very circumspect in what you tioned in the order, Mr. Fischer is was the President of the Orange urgent duty of everyone to work the rest of the world. Prices of PRAYDA REPORT to the embarrassment of the Ameri­ Western coalition speak louder than actively for the establishment of Mr. L. B. Lee-Warden, declared: cans, and applied for premises in say. Maybe there are times when a words. That alliance is threatened a member of only two: the Con­ River Republic. “History repeats itself—as the Nazi commodities sold by America, such Relying on well-informed sources LAND TENURE BOARD government ought to be criticised.” gress of Democrats and the Trans­ world peace. “I can assure Mr. as wheat and manufactured goods which to carry out the distribution. with no less than dissolution, and REPRESENTED S.A. Swart that his attack on the Peace government of Germany was forced in the Persian capital, the Soviet FOR CAROLINA This was refused until the Eastern on both sides of the Atlantic there vaal Peace Council. to silence its opponents for fear of are kept at artificially high levels newspaper Pravda reported that the He added that this appeared to Council will not intimidate those while industrial raw materials such JOHANNESBURG. authorities agreed to lend the big be an attempt to stop Christian is a lack of means and will to chack The notices were signed by the Last year Mr. Fischer represented who believe in peace, nor prevent sound reasoning reaching the peo­ militarist-royalist coup had been The Land Tenure Advisory Board Sports Stadium in Stalin Allee. the trend,” says Marquis Childs in Minister at the beginning of Au­ ple, so too does the Nationalist as rubber, base metals and other brought about by American inter­ criticism, and criticism within mis­ the Transvaal Peace Council at the the movement for peace from going raw materials have been forced is to sit in Carolina on September Here the distribution went off sionary circles of government the Washington Post. “What has gust and delivered on Mr. Fischer Vienna People’s Congress for Peace. trom strength to strength. This government of our country follow vention. It was said to be the work 8 to hear representations on the smoothly through leaders and ste­ become apparent after five years is 14 days after their date of issue. down to levels causing real distress of “reactionary friends of the United policy. Significantly, the bans were served movement expresses the true wishes the pattern of thejr German idols. in the economy of many countries. group area zoning in this town. wards of the unemployed them­ that certain disabilities cannot be Mr. Fischer has been a member on him just two days before the of the overwhelming majority of Advocate Fischer’s name has now States acting through the Shah’s Objections to zoning under the selves. Despite this backfire, the The various church bodies are be­ cured by- American dollars. Or at of the Johannesburg“ ' Bar Council opening of the South African Peace humanity and is gaining an irrestible joined the long and ever-growing At the same time the Americans Court and of a few politicians who Group Areas Act in Wolmarans- Americans have threatened to re­ lieved to be discussing their attitude any rate there are no signs that they i for the last ten years. His father Congress, attended by delegates momentum throughout the world list of South Africans whom the hope to cut off the obvious alter­ are the agents of foreign powers”, stad must be lodged with the Board open their food war this week. to the new leases at present. will soon be cured. | is an ex-Judge President of the from all over the Union, and called to-day.” Nationalists fear.” native of trade with the East. But the paper said. before September 30. 6 ADVANCE, THURSDAY, AUGUST 27, 1953 AFRICANS DENOUNCE RACE POLICIES IN CENTRAL AFRICA into a competition on who will be the most firm in “handling the Na­ tives”. * Sir Godfrey Huggins, leader of No Place for Apartheid the Federate, has warned that the entry of his opponents on a po­ LONDON. licy of no partnership is introduc­ rpH E publication of the policies of the European parties to con- ing South African racial politics test the federal elections for the new Central African Federa­ and the result “will be just as tion have confirmed the worst fears of the Africans about the future damaging”. of the country, declared Mr. Harry Nkumbula, president of the The Times says the situation is African National Congress in his address to the annual conference “as interesting as it is disturbing”. of the Congress last week. The Congress was attended by 200 dele­ gates. PARTNERSHIP HOAX The paper points out that most Mr. Nkumbula said Europeans elements and extreme white su­ Europeans who voted for Federa­ must not blame the Africans if they premacists and its policy is much tion were “sold” the idea, not on took what might appear to be strong on the lines of fhe Malan Gov­ the basis of partnership, but on the measures. ernment’s “apartheid” policy. hope that they would gain materi­ ally from it. In the South they “There is no place for apartheid A small Progressive Party led by thought they would acquire material in this country. If Europeans think Dr. Alexander Scott has a “liberal” and labour resources from the they can act like Doctor Malan they policy and accepts racial partnership North while the whites in the North will find they are against a different as something that will “eventually wanted to get away from Colonial type of African. The policies of come”. It is not thought likely that office control with its “Gold Coast these parties must in the long or the Progressives will make much propensities” and bring the country short run end in disaster for Central headway in a white electorate. into line with the firmer rascist Africa. The position of white people policies of the South. will be made very difficult. They The entry of the apartheid Con­ shall not live in harmony with us. federates is already producing the On the whole there is already a The time has now come to stop well-known South African symp­ swing towards extreme racism and European exploiting African.” toms of the white parties being led the African opinion that their worst fears are being confirmed appear all AFRICAN EDUCATION too well founded. Mr. Nkumbula outlined Congres­ At their home in Surrey, England, s’s future policy of infiltration into OBJECT TO INSIDE PARLIAMENT Jomo Kenyatta’s wife and young the Government and “large-scale ex­ son were overjoyed to hear that he pansion in primary and secondary had won his first appeal to the Ken­ education” so that members of Con­ SCHOEMAN ya Supreme Court. Mr. D. N. Pritt, gress become qualified for top jobs. SHARP STRUGGLE Q.C., is taking the case to the Privy A special fund is to send exceptio­ Council following the reversal of nal Africans to universities over­ BILL the decision by the Kenya Appellate seas and Salisbury. He said, “we INSIDE U.P. Division. must end government by minority. JOHANNESBURG. It can only be maintained by the army, police spies and observers, so The South African Clothing By Our Parliamentary Correspondent that the masses cannot rest”. Workers’ Union executive, repre- sentihg over 2,000 African men in At long last the United Party is Mr. Bekker also objected to the The Rhodesian correspondent of the Transvaal garment industry, has TIME coming to grips with its own in­ United Party-Labour Party elec­ the Times says the Northern Rho­ objected strongly to the Native ternal problems. Mr. Strauss has tion agreement, although before desia Government view with grave Labour (Settlement of Disputes) decided that if he is to remain the election it was generally felt concern the resignation from the Bill. leader, he must fight. that such an agreement was neces­ vice-presidency of Congress of Mr. Far from settling labour disputes This is the significance of the sary and unavoidable. RUNNING D. Yamba who is an appointed among Africans, the Bill will create meeting of the Central Executive In the past few months, the Na­ member of the Legislative Council Committee of the United Party in and is regarded as a moderate. He more confusion and hardship among tionalist Press have referred more African workers than ever before, Cape Town last week. The mem­ and more to Mr. Bekker as the said he had resigned because of the bers of the committee, who are “hothead leadership” of Congress says this union executive’s resolu­ leader of the United Party’s right- mostly Strauss supporters, were wing. Mr. Bekker has never pub­ OUT! which he as an executive member tion. summoned from all over the coun­ licly taken exception to this des­ could not criticise. The union says it is convinced that try to deal with a dispute involving cription of him. Mr. Strauss and Mr. Bailey Bekker “I am sorry to produce such a the Bill is aimed at destroying This development within the EUROPEAN PARTIES African trade unions which repre­ M.P., Transvaal chairman of the small amount of 10s. for sup­ United Party. United Party has been overshadow­ The European parties in the Fede­ sent the interests of African wor­ ing other events in Parliament, porting our paper. It is be­ ral elections are the Federal Party kers. “We maintain that the trade According to reports in the United Party Press, the disputes even the apartheid measures which cause I am still schooling, which represents the majority inte­ unions serve a very useful purpose are being churned out week after rests of the whites in Southern Rho­ in representing the grievances of the between Mr. Bekker and Mr. and it is difficult for us scho­ Strauss has been in progress since week. desia and the Welensky group in N. workers to employers and we re­ The most interesting aspect of lars to give big amounts. I Rhodesia. Their policy includes the gard the introduction of this legis­ shortly after the General Election. It seems that Mr. Bekker is chal­ the whole dispute is that Mr. think it will help when added word “partnership” so far as the lation as a serious attack on the Strauss, in defending his leader­ Africans are concerned but in fact rights of the workers to organise lenging Mr. Strauss on two fronts: to other peoples’ money, isn’t On the straightforward issue of his ship, is being forced into a posi­ such partnership is put off so far freely in unions.” tion where he is opposing an im­ that so? I like the paper more into the unknown future that they leadership, and also on United The executive asks the Minister to Party policies generally. mediate sell-out to the Nationa­ than any other paper. Many stand in effect for permanent white lists. The tide of events is making supremacy. withdraw his measure uncondition­ thanks.” ally and to take into consideration SHOWDOWN COMING him appear less reactionary than The Confederate Party draws “the aspirations of the African There is no doubt that the dis­ he really is. It is a curious posi­ its support from the Afrikaner workers.” pute has reached serious dimen­ tion. A young African school-boy sions. Mr. Strauss’s action in ask­ STRUGGLE SHARPENING wrote that letter to us. His ing the Central Executive Commit­ fine contribution probably re­ tee to discuss the dispute was From now on, it can be expected taken only when it seemed that that the conflict within the United presents a month’s pocket- there was no way of settling the Party will sharpen and the “right- money. We appreciate his sa­ matter peacefully, and now that wing” will become a more identi­ crifice a great deal, and hope the dispute is being publicly aired fiable group. At present, they are events are leading steadily towards a loose collection of individuals that the more affluent of our a “showdown”. The United Party united by their dislike of Mr. readers will follow his ex­ has entered a new period from Strauss and their eagerness to co­ ample. which it is not likely to emerge operate with the Nationalists. intact and unscarred. As the clash becomes more ob­ Mr. Bekker’s clash with Mr. vious, these “right-wingers” will And quickly, too! At the time Strauss on the purely personal form themselves obviously into a of writing there is but one question of leadership is only a more co-ordinated body working week to go to the end of the secondary matter. The real fight is along definite lines. Their link with on how far the United Party the United Party is at present very month, and more than half of should collaborate with the Natio­ slender, and it is possible therefore that £1,000 still to come in. nalists. that they may soon find themselves Last week Johannesburg and right outside the party. RIGHT-WING LEADER Cape Town could only raise One of Mr. Bekker’s main com­ On the other hand—and this £93.8.6 between them. plaints against the United Party probably is their aim—they may leadership is that it took part in try to capture a substantial section the United Front in the General of the United Party and then enter With the £333.9.11 already ac­ into an agreement with the Natio­ Election. Mr. Bekker, it is stated, nalists. knowledged, that makes feels that this was a mistake be­ £426.18.5. Please make your cause it linked the United Party At present, it is impossible to with undesirable left-wing ele­ guess which particular intrigue will effort NOW and help us ments. succeed. break the tape in time. ADVANCE, THURSDAY, AUGUST 27, 1953 7

deeper. No one made a sound on ON PARADE By SAM KAHN the bus. For some reason the far­ mer got off the at the next stop. When he had left the bus the con­ ductor said to the man in the isle “Good for you”. The Coloured THE FARMER AND THE woman with her child remained standing until she got off, tenderly helped to the exit by several people. After she left, every one on the CRIPPLED CHILD bus started talking about the inci­ dent. One passenger making the comment “Why doesn’t he stop to The action of the Nationalist enough for full education or for passing through the congested main quiet. The Coloured woman did think that the blacks outnumber Government in banning publica­ trade unions or for independence streets of the cify. There was only nothing but tried to rest the bro­ us. The Coloured race are a majo­ tions of “Unesco” on the subject and the vote, all of which are pre­ one empty seat at the time and it ken body of the child on the back rity and could take over the of race prejudice proves that sumably too much for the Arfican was beside a big man attired like of the seat. The bus conductor - world”. Once again there followed South Africa well knows that the to assimilate. a farmer from the country. He was listening and every white per­ a horrible silence in the bus. basis of the “race” probljem is spread himself across the empty son on the bus seemed to weap a A CRIPPLED CHILD WHO GAINS? a gigantic myth. For all practical seat and said in a loud voice, hea­ look of horrible guilt. One white Who gains from these deadly social purposes, “race” is not so A white neighbour who regularly vily marked with an Afrikaans ac­ man said to the woman “Sit here, colour bars? Not the mass of white much a biological phenomenon as travels on a bus whose long route cent, “Where I come from we the child must be heavy” and people, most of whom would be a social myth exploited by class covers many miles, breathlessly know what to do with hottentots, looked ashamed and afraid as he decent and human to their neigh­ interests for economic purposes. told me of an awful thing that what you Cape Town people need said it. The woman looked round bours and fellows, as is the natural The myth of “race” has created happened on a mixed bus one late is apartheid.” and saw his white face. No one way of man. Apartheid brings afternoon in Winter. A Coloured moved. She did not move to take an enormous amount of human ABSOLUTE QUIET gains to the wealthy exploiters of and social damage throughout the woman with a crippled child in the seat. human labour, the rich who fatten her arms boarded the bus as it was The bus became absolutely world. In our own country in re­ STOOD IN ANGUISH on the labour of others and to cent years, it has taken a heavy crafty politicians who do their toll in human lives and caused un­ My neighbour said how he stood bidding. told suffering. It still prevents the in the narrow isle in anguish, normal development of millions ashamed of being white, in an aw­ of human beings and deprives civi- ful silence. The child began to cry ATTACK ON AFRICAN but the mother would not sit down. “It is for us all to support isation of the effective co-opera­ tion of productive minds and The Afrikaner farmer (if that he every m ove — from whatso­ hands. was) said jovially to the man in ever government it may come the isle “Sit down”. The man did HIDING THEIR GREED EDUCATION BEGINS not move but said in a low voice —to solve disputes by peace­ Many South African whites say that hardly sounded like his own ful means.99 that the Africans are naturally in­ CAPE TOWN. “I would not care to sit beside (Appeal of the World (council of rpH E transfer of African education from the Provincial Adminis- ferior to the whites, that they are you”. Peace.) unfit to be represented in Parlia­ tration to the Native Affairs Department, under the Bantu ment or to associate on equal Education Bill, is an attempt to turn education into an instrument The silence seemed to become terms with whites. As a corollary which can be used by the Government to further its policy of per­ of this, Africans are employed at petual helotry for the Africans. near starvation wages, large num­ Widespread opposition to the education classes, night schools and bers are convicted annually of sta- Bill has been expressed by many mission schools will be forced to ROBESON SINGS FOR FREE­ tutary offences against the law and conform. used as forced labour at next-to- individuals and organisations. Criticising the principle of the If the Minister decides that a cer­ no pay on the farms. On the gold tain school is not run “in the inte­ mines their rates of pay have re­ Bill, Dr. O. D. Wollheim, Deputy DOM AND BROTHERHOOD Leader of the Liberal Party, states: rests of the Bantu people”, he may mained low and almost stationary refuse or cancel its registration. for over 50 years. To justify this “All expert opinion has been fierce exploitation, its motive is against it, and all persons intimately CRIMINAL OFFENCE transformed from mercenary greed concerned are bitterly opposed to it. The Bantu Education Bill makes into high moral purpose. Race Since the n^pr/ control cannot by any it a criminal offence to run an un­ 25,000 Workers Applaud hostility becomes a divine neces­ manner of means result in better registered African school, which sity, an instinctive reaction, a law conditions or more efficiency than includes any class, college or insti­ of survival. could be attained under the present tution for the education of African Great Artist children or people. The admission WHITES NOT SO WHITE control, and since there are other serious objections to the proposals, of any African to a school not re­ NEW YORK. When Van Riebeek landed at gistered under this Act is prohibited. the Cape, racial mixing, far from one can only surmise that the Gov­ ernment hopes through the transfer Anyone who runs an “illegal school” i^ V E R 25,000 Canadian and American workers last week heard being frowned upon, was actually will be liable to 6 months imprison­ ^ the great American Negro singer, Paul Robeson, give an open- encouraged, and it was not until to be able to develop a more tract­ able and docile African labour force ment or a fine of £50. air concert in a park just on the American side of the Canadian 30 years after his landing that in­ thoroughly conditioned and indocri The fact that in practice many border near Vancouver. Robeson had been invited to sing in termarriage between whites and nated as to its place in the scheme schools had been started on a very Canada but was refused a passport, so the Canadian Mineworkers, full coloured people was prohi­ of things.” small scale by the local initiative of who sponsored the concert, decided “if Paul can’t come to us, we’ll bited. Marriage between whites African parents before being taken go to Paul.” This was the second such “international day of song and coloured people of mixed des­ BASED ON APARTHEID PLANS over by missions or other official and brotherhood” at which Robeson has raised the flag of solidarity cent were however, not prohibited. The Bill, which seeks to imple­ school managers, is stressed in the with the people of Canada, and in his speech at the end he boldly Right up to the time of the Great ment the recommendations of the Race Relations memorandum. championed the freedom struggle of the African peoples. Trek many Boers who did not Eiselin Commission, gives the Minis­ have wives accepted the “fair” off­ ter the power to lay down what is LOCAL INITIATIVE After singing favourite songs of whose fathers toiled in cotton, spring of their slaves as their own to be taught in Government schools DISCOURAGED sons. Many white South African the working class, Negro spirituals toiled in tobacco, and I say I have for African children. According to “In the urban locations and peri­ a right to speak out on this soil families could be found to have the Commission’s recommendations, urban areas, in particular, ft is com­ and other numbers his voice has a “touch of the tarbrush” if they popularised through the world, drenched with the blood and sweat African children should be trained mon practice for schools to start by of my ancestors. only dared go back far enough. for manual work in order to co-or­ a parent who has been a teacher, Robeson said: dinate the work of the schools with gathering a group of children FIGHT FOR PEACE “I’ll go around the world,” he THE APARTHEID BILL the employment policy of the Gov­ around her. Such useful action is “I wish I could go on all day. continued, “but I’m telling you to­ At the present moment Parlia­ ernment. likely to be discouraged by the pro­ day, a good piece of that good ment is debating an Apartheid vision that anyone establishing a This gathering means much to Ame­ “The purpose of the proposed ricans who are struggling for peace American earth belongs to me and Bill which gives the Government transfer would seem to be based, school without Ministerial consent my people, and we have struggled and Municipalities and private will be guilty of an offence and li­ . . . who are facing jail, facing not on educational aims and princi­ hostile courts today, simply because for too long to give it uprfiow. This persons and companies the right able to a fine of up to £50 or im­ is the rock upon which I stand. to apply segregation and the right ples, but on plans regarding the they fight for world peace and for social and economic opportunities prisonment. In present circumstances dignity in my America.” From that rock I reach out across to make a criminal of any person for different members of the com­ formal school accommodation and the world to all peoples, and sing who contravenes their Apartheid munity. Thus in regard to technical facilities are likely to be inadequate While he emphasised he had not my songs to all peoples.” Scheme. This Apartheid may be and industrial education the Native for many years and any local action changed—“I remain the same Paul unequal, unfair and inequitable, Education Commission reported that which keeps children occupied you know—yet”, he said, “time has but any person who violates the the great difficulty was the provi­ should be encouraged and not im­ made it so that everyone must fight Apartheid pattern set up even by peded.” harder for the freedom we love”. private cafe owners or general sion of adequate employment for AFRICANS MOST the products of these schools,” says MINISTERIAL POWER dealers may be jailed .Thus is the the memorandum on the Bill sub­ Robeson drew laughter and ap­ crime of “race” becoming more ABSOLUTE plause from the predominantly EXPLOITED mitted by the S.A. Institute of Race There is to be no Parliamentary deeply inbedded in our law, not Relations, “But the Native Affairs white audience when he said that LONDON. even concealed by the pretence of check on the absolute power of the some people “seem to think that Department does not determine the Minister of Native Affairs in con­ British capitalists are squeezing a equal or fair treatment with which uses to which African labour is put. my support for the independence tender-minded Apartheiders in the trolling every aspect of African edu­ struggles of the peoples of Afri­ greater rate of profits out of the past could dull their consciences. “The attempt to treat the Afri­ cation. The administration of the ca is meddling in the foreign workers of Africa than in any part cans as a separate community en­ funds allocated by Parliament to affairs of the U.S. Government. of the Dominions, according to CHAUVINISTIC OBSCENITY tirely ignores the way in which they African education is in the hands of Now that’s just too bad, because figures published in a Bank of The bus conductors and “Clip­ are integrated into the economic one man, at his own discretion he I’m just going to have to continue England survey on “United King­ pies”, ticket examiners and wait structure of South Africa and the can suspend, reduce or withdraw a to meddle.” dom Overseas Investments in 1950 resses, shop-keepers and bank tel­ changed conditions which have ari­ grant to any school. He will have and 1951”. lers, are given the power and the sen as the result of industrialisation control of discipline, staff appoint­ “Other Americans,” he said, “can right to send to jail anyone who and urbanisation.” ments, hostels, and bursaries in choose their Francos and the re- A table of nominal investments sits out of place, who eats* out of PRIVATE SCHOOLS HIT African schools and the full say fusad of Nazi Fascism. I choose to and dividends gained from various place, who queues out of place Although the Bill does not give over the language medium and the stretch my hand out to the brave Empire countries in 1951 shows the or deposits his money out of place. the Minister direct control over type of religious instruction. peoples in all lands—to Latin Ame­ rate of profit in Australia was 4.6 Beneath all this chauvinistic ob­ what is taught in non-Government Will Coloured education be the rica, to Africa, to the people of the per cent, and Canada 5.3 per cent. scenity, the apostles of this evil, or community schools, all these next to suffer? The Commission on New China”. But in British West Africa investors unchristian creed of racialism, find schools will have to be registered Coloured education which is now got an average rake-off of 12 per that the Non-European is civilised under the Bill and it is left to the at work could follow the example of RIGHT TO SPEAK cent, and in British Central Africa enough to build roads, factories Minister to lay down the conditions the Eiselin Commission in its re­ “I speak,” he said, “as one whose it was 14.5 per cent, on capital in­ and homes, but he is not civilised of registration, Even private adult commendations. roots are deep in my land, as one vested. 8 ADVANCE, THURSDAY, AUGUST 27, 1953

An interpreter si is between two SPORTS PARADE Bert Williams suggests... South African delegates at the 3rd Youth Conference in Bucharest. Delegates from more than 70 coun­ tries took part and expressed their An All-African Sports Festival determination to fight for peace and friendship among all peoples. I never was a good geography their colleagues against the policy path. This is a perplexingly dan­ student. That is perhaps why the in cricket, soccer and boxing par­ gerous duo, as they showed in the map of Africa lying before me ticularly to cement a common Fe­ inter-race match against the Trans­ looks like a sad cripple, crooked deration, despite the vapourings of vaal. Experts in the know here say and bent. It will always look so Nats, cock-eyed critics and anti­ that they cannot think of any half to me until it gets back some of blacks about the differences be­ line to keep these two boys in the dignity and a lot of the pride tween the three racial groups. This check once they get going. This which it lost in the seventeenth is just an idea which occurred to makes Northerns’ chance of win­ century with the invasion of the me. But I’d like to see it become ning very strong indeed, oppressor. But even the great more positive. I’m going to put Julius Caesar depended for much this idea to the men who can do MADE HISTORY of his popularity and votes on the something about it, and if any of History was made in^the good­ pleasure he gave to the common them, in all parts of Africa, read will Transvaal-Natal inter-race man with his colossal games. And this column they are welcome to match which Transvaal won 4-3, any man who is going to set out tell readers of Advance what they when Pola Hussein was allowed to to get us back our pride and dig­ think of the scheme. substitute for the African “Inch by nity must, like Caesar, first of all Inch” when he was injured after please the common man. AN EFFICIENT PRESIDENT a few minutes’ play. This is an in­ Not only ancient history offers One of the greatest champions ternational law which is frequently us an example of the fascination of fair-play in all aspects of soc­ taken advantage of in English pro­ and patriotic-inspiring power of cer administration, particularly se­ fessional games. sport. The more recent Youth lection, is hospitable, hard-working Festival in Bucharest, where one ex-champion soccerite, V. Sundra, I believe this ruling was only be­ of the most important discussions now president of the Witwaters- cause the match was a goodwill centred around a gigantic youth rand Indian Football Association. affair. But non-white authorities sports festival, is an illustration. Sundra, who scored more goals shouldn’t stop there. They should At the recent Olympiad, try as than the records could accurately allow it to operate even in cup they would, nobody could prevent keep, and whose delightful per­ games. After all, why should the team and the standard of play they were set on pursuing, i.e., no people from the so-called hostile formances for Moonlighters are tournament”. camps getting together on the talked about even now with great suffer as a result of a few injuries? ASCOT Immediate replacements would be friendliest of terms. enthusiasm by the old-timers, was POLICE RULING The following are Damon’s selec­ also a victim of the raw deal which to the advantage of all. This is particularly necessary in soccer Are the police sincere about tions for the racing at Milnerton on SHOULD MAKE EFFORT even today characterises Transvaal their ruling that Europeans should Indian football administration in where a player is always in dan­ Saturday: There are more solid reasons ger of injury. not be allowed at Non-European why the sons and daughters of this selection. He was often left out of tournaments or are they protecting Kenilworth Handicap (A), 1 mile: great continent should get together provincial selection and cruelly STILL SILENT white boxing interests? In other Potash. Danger, Greenling. at an all-African sports festival robbed of a South African cap centres, like the Cape and Natal, greater even than the ancient against All India. The nine members of the Inter­ where whites are allowed to see Kenilworth Handicap (B), H miles: Greeks thought of. Together with race Board who saw the inter-race non-white boxers in action, white Clerical Error. Danger, Woodrose. most of the colonial countries in But this genial man is not bitter. match in Durban at our expense tournaments hardly draw crowds. Kenilworth Hadicap (C), 1 mile: Africa, we suffer the same cruel Philosophically he says, “if jus­ are still silent about the explana­ Many Europeans say they’d sooner Sandrose. Danger, Tropical Night. political disabilities and, as a re­ tice was not done to me, then jus­ tion we demanded last week. Is see a black man in action than a sult, are cripplingly restricted in tice should be done to the younger this supposed to be a dignified si­ white because they get more for Maiden Stakes, 1 mile: River’s De­ every sphere of activity, particu­ men”. Always vigilant, he is doing lence which is the prerogative of their money. In any case what light. Danger, London Saint. larly in sport. Moreover, despite his best for the men whom the se­ the Royal Household when a scan­ justification can there be for such Sprint Handicap (A), 6 furlongs: the commonness of our struggle lection committee has overlooked. dal breaks out? a ban, especially as ffee greatest Shortleigh. Danger, Beacon Flare. we have made no real effort to get In the opinion of footballers. Sun­ harmony prevails in the other together and discuss our problems dra is one of the most efficient NEARLY NO CHINA centres among white and non­ Sprint Handicap (B), 6 furlongs: and the line of action we could presidents the Wits, has seen in It’s a good thing for Indian white spectators. Parole. Danger, Lalji. possibly take as an African com­ recent years. I agree. Besides the sport that Transvaal decided not Sprint Handicap (C), 6 furlongs: munity. amount of cooking which his wife to stand on principle after the exe­ Jersey. Danger, Sunspot. This, of course, is due to lack does for delegates to the Transvaal cutive of the S.A.I.F.A. had altered Arbitration Board of contact, more than anything most times they have their meet­ a decision of its council about the else. It might sound like a pipe ings, he has introduced an atmos­ date of commencement of the Sam Demanded dream, but this all-African games phere of orderliness at all tourna­ China Tournament in the Trans­ BUDGET WILL HASTEN should pave the way for that im­ ments conducted on the Indian vaal. It will now quite definitely JOHANNESBURG. grounds. A firm chairman, he is be held here on September 2. The DEPRESSION— T.L.C. portant and all deciding get-to­ The Independent African Bakers gether. Its organisation might be loved by the delegates to the Wits. T.I.F.A. was furious about the de­ JOHANNESBURG. cision. and Confectioners’ Industrial Union a colossal task, but its a test from has urged that the Department of The Budget was condemned as which we should come out with LOST IN ADVANCE one of the worst ever introduced by flying colours, principally because They wanted to take the matter Labour recommend to the Minister Transvaal has already lost the to court and they wanted to refuse the appointment of an arbitration any Minister of Finance at the Tdes it will be an opportunity to show Sam China! board to settle a dispute in the bak­ any Minister of Finance at the up the alleged barbarism tag. to stage the tournament here, even passing a resolution to this effect, ing industry, as a result of the mem­ Trades and Labour Council Special I talked about Northern Natal conference held recently. WHAT DO YOU THINK? as a danger in the Sam China tour­ this being subsequently rescinded. bers of this union not being repre­ The Rev. “B. L. E.” and Secretary sented at the proceedings of the The Conference adopted a reso­ Herculean as it may sound, it’s ney a few weeks ago. Even though lution condemning the Budget on not difficult. We did it here. Out betting is wholly in favour of Ponsamy acted with remarkable recent Conciliation Board in the in­ discretion when they persuaded dustry. the grounds that it introduced de­ of all the loosely knit and dis­ Southerns, I still haven’t changed flationary methods at a time of re­ jointed racial groups we were able my mind. The Northerners are probably the youngest and tough­ cession of trade, thus artificially est side in the tournament. Their Trade Unionist Candidate NEW IDEAS ON OIL creating the conditions for a depres­ goal-keener is their only worry sion. It bore most heavily on the 6 6 It is natural for people to though. I have seen M. G. Mood- For Council RESOURCES middle and lower income groups to understand one another and whom the present high cost of living ley but do not think verv much of CAPE TOWN. LONDON. him. I would have preferred Jar was already an insupportable bur­ to be friendly Mr. H. A. Wright, chairman of According to the latest available den, but it imposed no additional —Professor Joliot-Curie. Naidoo. Jar, although he always the Western Province local commit­ got a raw deal from national selec­ data accumulated by prospecting taxation on the gold mines despite tee of the South African Trades and teams, petroleum deposits in China’s the highly profitable production of tors. was one of the most brilliant Labour Council has accepted nomi­ goal-keepers I have seen in action. North-west oilfields far surpass the uranium. nation for the City Council vacancy resources of the rich Iranian oil­ The Railway budget which in­ RUMMAGE SALE in Ward 11 (Rondebosch). The va­ fields in Persia. This new data is creased both passenger and freight STRONG FORWARDS cancy was caused by the death of leading to a drastic revision of stra­ charges was condemned since it ad­ A Rummage Sale will be held on But still, their forward line is the Deputy Mayor, Mr. A. A. Bal- tegic thought on the Far East as it ded to the costs of daily travel to Thursday, August 27th, 1953, at admirably strong, particularly their sillie. had always been taken for granted work and essential foodstuffs, and 2 p.m. sharp at 25 Breda Street, right flank: with Bob Pillay and that China was permanently defi­ made holiday travel prohibitive. “Rosecourt”, Cape Town. the Springbok captain T. Ram- cient in oil. It is reported that many The demand for the consolidation World Reads Rosenberg other new oilfields are being pros­ of cost-of-living allowances with NO MORE GREY HAIRS! pected in Central and South China. basic wages was reiterated by Con­ Use Roux Oil Tint, Inecto, O’Melia. FORUM CLUB Letters ference. It called for a completely just received. Roux Crayon Pencils. NEW YORK. new investigation of living costs as Get one and make your tint last the basis of the retail price index A PUBLIC MEETING The “Death house letters of Ethel “Only the peoples, by unceas­ much longer. Nylon and Bristle and Julius Rosenberg” is rapidly numbers and the payment of cost- Ladies* and Gents’ Hair Brushes will be held on becoming a world best-seller. It is ing action, can make negotia­ of-living allowances based on the and Sets. FRIDAY, AUGUST 28th, 1953 being printed in foreign editions in tion, agreement and peace new numbers so obtained. In the CENTRAL DRUG STORE at 8 p.m. 11 cauntries and negotiations are prevail.” meantime cost-of-living allowances 40 PLEIN STREET, CAPE TOWN in the being made for many other transla­ —World Peace Council. shoulud be paid on the consolidated tions. In France it is alerady in its earnings and computed on the pre­ MITRA HALL third edition. sent numbers, rising by a reason­ Mount Street, Mowbray able amount quarterly in direct re­ Subject: Published by Competent Publishing and Printing (Pty.) Ltd., 6 Barrack lation to increases in index number. THE MODERN ENGLISH NOVEL Street, Cape Town, and printed by Pioneer Press (Pty.) Ltd., Forgate The placing of a ceiling on the Street, Woodstock. cost-of-living allowance of railway Speaker: Unless otherwise stated, all political matter in Advance by Fred workers and other civil servants was MR. PHILLIP SEGAL Carneson, 6 Barrack Street, Cape Town. condemned and support was pledged Lecturer at the Department of This newspaper is a member of the Audit Bureau of Circulation of for whatever attempts might be English, U.C.T. South Africa Ltd. made to resist its application.

Collection Number: CULL0001

ADVANCE, Newspaper, 1952-1954

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