DOCSLIB.ORG

The Endemic Flora of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Endemic Flora of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa South African Journal of Botany 72 (2006) 205 – 210 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb The endemic flora of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa N.A. Helme a,*, T.H. Trinder-Smith b a Nick Helme Botanical Surveys, PO Box 22652, Scarborough 7975, South Africa b Bolus Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa Received 27 June 2005; accepted 13 July 2005 Abstract The Cape Peninsula is a well known area of exceptional plant diversity and endemism within the Cape Floristic Region, but an accurate and complete listing of the endemic seed plant species has been lacking. Here, we present a list of the 158 species and 3 subspecies that are currently regarded as Cape Peninsula endemics, with discussion on the profile of the endemic flora, plant hotspots within the area, and conservation issues. Endemics constitute 7% of the total Peninsula flora. 76% of the endemic species fall within only 10 families, with Erica being the genus with the greatest number of endemic species on the Peninsula (39). The Peninsula is identified as a centre of endemism for Roella, Tetraria, Serruria, and Muraltia. Many families are notably under-represented in terms of endemic species on the Peninsula, including Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Apiaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Poaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rutaceae, Orchidaceae, and Asteraceae. 62% of the endemics are shrubs or dwarf shrubs. 41% of the endemics are currently Red Data Book listed, but the Table Mountain National Park conserves a large percentage of the montane habitat, as well as significant lowland habitat in the extreme south. D 2005 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. Keywords: South Africa; Cape Peninsula; Cape floristic region; Endemics; Floristics; Phytogeography; Plant diversity 1. Introduction Muizenberg, and thus includes a small part of the western edge of the area known as the Cape Flats (Fig. 1). The area is The Cape Peninsula is a well-known area of exceptional defined by the presence of the Cape Peninsula mountain chain, plant diversity and endemism (Trinder-Smith et al., 1996a; extending from Signal Hill and Lion’s Head in the north to Pauw and Johnson, 1999) within the southwestern core of the Cape Point in the south. The total land area is approximately Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of southern Africa. The CFR is an 471 km2 (47 100 ha), and some 24000 ha is now formally or area of high species diversity and endemism (Van Wyk and contractually conserved within the Table Mountain National Smith, 2001), and the area experiences winter rain and summer Park, which includes 80% of the actual mountain chain. drought, except at high elevations. Trinder-Smith et al. Studies of this nature are complicated by ongoing taxo- (1996a,b) concluded that a total of 90 taxa (including two nomic studies, especially in the genera Erica and Cliffortia, infra-specific taxa) could be regarded as Cape Peninsula and in the family Aizoaceae, and taxonomy largely follows endemics and analysed the makeup of this flora in terms of Goldblatt and Manning (2000), with reference to specialists its threat status, life form, and various biological traits where appropriate. (resprouting vs. reseeding, seed dispersal), but did not publish Currently about 2285 vascular plant species are known to be the list of taxa concerned. Here we present an updated and indigenous to the Cape Peninsula (Trinder-Smith et al., 1996a), significantly enlarged list of the endemic angiosperm flora of which is in itself a remarkable statistic, as it means that the the Cape Peninsula (algae, ferns, and mosses are thus excluded Peninsula has the greatest concentration of plant species (per from this list). No gymnosperms are endemic to this area. unit area) within the CFR (Trinder-Smith et al., 1996a,b). Our For purposes of our study the Cape Peninsula is defined as revised analysis shows that 158 species (plus 3 subspecies) are the area west of a line connecting Paarden Island to endemic (Table 1), which is 7.0% of the total flora. This figure is high for a continental landmass (Davis et al., 1997), but is * Corresponding author. substantially exceeded by many island floras, such as Juan E-mail address: [email protected] (N.A. Helme). Fernandez, some 600 km west of Chile at 33- south, with 127 0254-6299/$ - see front matter D 2005 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2005.07.004 206 N.A. Helme, T.H. Trinder-Smith / South African Journal of Botany 72 (2006) 205–210 0.400.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.4 8.8 9.2 9.6 Kilometer s N Milnerton Lagoon Green Point # # Paarde ne iland Signal Hill $ Cape Town Sea Point # City Bowl $ Lion's Head Camps Bay # $ Devil's Peak # Rondebosch Ta ble Mo Common untain s le st o p A e lv e w T e Kenilworth h T Racecourse # 34° 00’ S Llandudno Bay # $ Vlakkenberg $ Skoorsteenkop $ Karbonkelberg # Hout Bay # Retreat Hangberg $ Constantiaberg $ Noordhoek Peak St P ee la nb ##Lakeside te er Sandvlei $ Chapman's Peak au g $ HoÎr -Steenbergpiek Kalk Bay $ Muizenberg Peak Plateau Chapman's Bay $ Kalkbaaiberg # Muizenberg # Kalk Bay # Fishhoek Kommetjie # $ 15’ E Rooikrans ° 30’ E ° 18 $ Slangkop 18 # Simon's Town $ Simonsberg K lav Va er lle y $ Swartkop $ Klaasjagersberg # Miller's Point 34° 15’ S $ Wolfkop # Olifantsbos Smitswinkel Bay $ Rooihoogte CAPE OF GOOD HOPE NATURE RESERVE $ Paulsberg >1000m 800 - 1000m 600 - 800m 400 - 600m 200 - 400m Vasco da Gama Peak 100m $ 40m # Cape Point Fig. 1. Map of the study area, indicating topography and some of the key areas mentioned in the text. N.A. Helme, T.H. Trinder-Smith / South African Journal of Botany 72 (2006) 205–210 207 Table 1 Table 1 (continued) List of the 161 endemic Angiosperm taxa of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa Family Species Notes Family Species Notes Ericaceae Erica fontana Aizoaceae Erepsia forficata Erica haematocodon Lampranthus multiradiatus Erica halicacaba Lampranthus promontorii Erica heleogena Lampranthus tenuifolius Erica limosa Ruschia rubricaulis Erica margaritacea Ruschia promontorii Erica marifolia Amaryllidaceae Gethyllis kaapensis Erica mollis Asphodelaceae Aloe commixta Erica nevillei Asteraceae Anaxeton arborescens Erica oxycoccifolia Cotula myriophylloides Erica paludicola Gerbera wrightii Erica physodes Helichrysum fruticans Erica pilulifera Helichrysum grandiflorum Erica planifolia Metalasia compacta Erica pyramidalis Extinct Metalasia divergens ssp. fusca Erica pyxidiflora Osmitopsis dentata Erica quadrisulcata Stoebe rosea Erica salteri Senecio verbascifolius Erica sociorum Brassicaceae Heliophila cinerea Erica subcapitata Heliophila promontorii Erica thimifolia Heliophila tabularis Probably extinct Erica turgida Lepidium capense Probably extinct; Erica urna-viridis possibly not a Erica velitaris Probably a hybrid distinct species Erica verticillata Extinct in the wild Bruniaceae Staavia dodii Fabaceae Aspalathus barbata Staavia glutinosa Aspalathus borboniifolia Campanulaceae Lobelia boivinii Aspalathus capensis Lobelia eckloniana Aspalathus capitata Prismatocarpus nitidus Aspalathus chenopoda ssp. chenopoda Roella amplexicaulis Aspalathus incurva Roella decurrens Aspalathus variegata Extinct Roella goodiana Cyclopia galioides Roella recurvata Cyclopia latifolia Roella squarrosa Indigofera candolleana Roella triflora Indigofera complanata Wahlenbergia pyrophila Indigofera filiformis Colchicaceae Wurmbea hiemalis Indigofera mauritanica Cyperaceae Eleocharis lepta Extinct Indigofera sp. nov. aff gracilis Ficinia anceps Lebeckia macowanii Probably extinct Ficinia fastigiata Liparia graminifolia Extinct Ficinia micrantha Liparia parva Isolepis pusilla Liparia laevigata Isolepis bulbiferus Psoralea glaucina Tetraria autumnalis Hyacinthaceae Lachenalia capensis Tetraria graminifolia Iridaceae Aristea pauciflora Tetraria paludosa Bobartia gladiata ssp. major Tetraria variabilis Geissorhiza bonaspei Trianoptiles solitaria Geissorhiza tabularis Dipsacaceae Scabiosa africana Gladiolus aureus Droseraceae Drosera cuneifolia Gladiolus bonaspei Ericaceae Erica abietina Gladiolus monticola Erica amoena Gladiolus vigilans Erica annectens Moraea aristata Erica baccans Watsonia tabularis Erica capensis Malvaceae Hermannia micrantha Erica caterviflora Probably extinct Menyanthaceae Villarsia goldblattiana Erica clavisepala Molluginaceae Hypertelis trachysperma Erica conica Myricaceae Morella diversifolia Erica cyrilliflora Orchidaceae Disa ecalcarata Erica depressa Disa nubigena Erica diosmifolia Pterygodium connivens Erica eburnea Penaeaceae Brachysiphon fucatus Erica empetrina Poaceae Helictotrichon quinquesetum Probably extinct Erica fairii (continued on next page) 208 N.A. Helme, T.H. Trinder-Smith / South African Journal of Botany 72 (2006) 205–210 Table 1 (continued) Table 2 Family Species Notes Ten largest families of Cape Peninsula endemics Family Number of endemic species Polygalaceae Muraltia curvipetala Muraltia demissa Ericaceae 39 Muraltia acipetala Fabaceae 19 Muraltia brachypetala Cyperaceae 11 Muraltia comptonii Asteraceae 10 Muraltia diabolica Campanulaceae 10 Muraltia mixta Iridaceae 10 Muraltia orbicularis Polygalaceae 10 Muraltia pageae Proteaceae 10 Muraltia stipulacea Restionaceae 7 Proteaceae Leucadendron floridum Aizoaceae 6 Leucadendron macowanii Leucadendron grandiflorum Extinct Leucadendron strobilinum families are notably under-represented in terms of endemic Mimetes fimbriifolius species on the Peninsula, including Geraniaceae (155/33/0), Serruria decumbens Serruria collina Oxalidaceae (120/33/0), Thymelaeaceae
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Restoration Conservation at Kirstenbosch
    Plant conservation Restoration Conservation at Kirstenbosch Invaluable plant restoration work in the highly threatened ecosystems on the Cape lowlands by Anthony Hitchcock, SANBI, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens ABOVE: Rondevlei Nature Reserve and Kenilworth Race Course on the Cape Peninsula. Plant conservation should be recognized as an outstanding global prior­ ity in biodiversity conservation. This was the message that came out of the XVI International Botanical Congress in 1999. Three years later the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation was developed and adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation focuses on ex situ conservation. (That is, growing plants in a pro­ tected place out of their natural habitat). It states that, by 2010 there should be 'sixty percent of threatened plants in accessible ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and ten percent of them included in recovery and restoration programmes.' In order to achieve this goal in the Cape, the Threatened Plants Programme at Kirstenbosch was developed and huge progress has been made in recent years with the help of our partners. Conservation at Kirstenbosch Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden is one of eight botanical gardens that form part of the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). The gardens ABOVE: Ecosystem status for South Africa. are situated throughout South Africa with each being responsible for its own area Map: Rougel, M. et ai, South African National Spatiaf Biodiversity Assessment, 2004. * of jurisdiction. The Karoo Desert Botanical Garden, for example, grows xerophytic plants from the winter rainfall Karoo region extending from the Western Cape to the • Critically endangered Northern Cape.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetics, Flow-Cytometry and Pollen Storage in Erica L
    Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Phylogenetics, flow-cytometry and pollen storage in Erica L. (Ericaceae). Implications for plant breeding and interspecific crosses. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr. agr.) der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn von Ana Laura Mugrabi de Kuppler aus Buenos Aires Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Referent: Prof. Dr. Jens Léon Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Jaime Fagúndez Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Dietmar Quandt Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15.11.2013 Erscheinungsjahr: 2013 A mis flores Rolf y Florian Abstract Abstract With over 840 species Erica L. is one of the largest genera of the Ericaceae, comprising woody perennial plants that occur from Scandinavia to South Africa. According to previous studies, the northern species, present in Europe and the Mediterranean, form a paraphyletic, basal clade, and the southern species, present in South Africa, form a robust monophyletic group. In this work a molecular phylogenetic analysis from European and from Central and South African Erica species was performed using the chloroplast regions: trnL-trnL-trnF and 5´trnK-matK , as well as the nuclear DNA marker ITS, in order i) to state the monophyly of the northern and southern species, ii) to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the species and contrasting them with previous systematic research studies and iii) to compare the results provided from nuclear data and explore possible evolutionary patterns. All species were monophyletic except for the widely spread E. arborea , and E. manipuliflora . The paraphyly of the northern species was also confirmed, but three taxa from Central East Africa were polyphyletic, suggesting different episodes of colonization of this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Offerings in the PBS Bulb Exchange, Dec 2012- Nov 2019
    Summary of offerings in the PBS Bulb Exchange, Dec 2012- Nov 2019 3841 Number of items in BX 301 thru BX 463 1815 Number of unique text strings used as taxa 990 Taxa offered as bulbs 1056 Taxa offered as seeds 308 Number of genera This does not include the SXs. Top 20 Most Oft Listed: BULBS Times listed SEEDS Times listed Oxalis obtusa 53 Zephyranthes primulina 20 Oxalis flava 36 Rhodophiala bifida 14 Oxalis hirta 25 Habranthus tubispathus 13 Oxalis bowiei 22 Moraea villosa 13 Ferraria crispa 20 Veltheimia bracteata 13 Oxalis sp. 20 Clivia miniata 12 Oxalis purpurea 18 Zephyranthes drummondii 12 Lachenalia mutabilis 17 Zephyranthes reginae 11 Moraea sp. 17 Amaryllis belladonna 10 Amaryllis belladonna 14 Calochortus venustus 10 Oxalis luteola 14 Zephyranthes fosteri 10 Albuca sp. 13 Calochortus luteus 9 Moraea villosa 13 Crinum bulbispermum 9 Oxalis caprina 13 Habranthus robustus 9 Oxalis imbricata 12 Haemanthus albiflos 9 Oxalis namaquana 12 Nerine bowdenii 9 Oxalis engleriana 11 Cyclamen graecum 8 Oxalis melanosticta 'Ken Aslet'11 Fritillaria affinis 8 Moraea ciliata 10 Habranthus brachyandrus 8 Oxalis commutata 10 Zephyranthes 'Pink Beauty' 8 Summary of offerings in the PBS Bulb Exchange, Dec 2012- Nov 2019 Most taxa specify to species level. 34 taxa were listed as Genus sp. for bulbs 23 taxa were listed as Genus sp. for seeds 141 taxa were listed with quoted 'Variety' Top 20 Most often listed Genera BULBS SEEDS Genus N items BXs Genus N items BXs Oxalis 450 64 Zephyranthes 202 35 Lachenalia 125 47 Calochortus 94 15 Moraea 99 31 Moraea
    [Show full text]
  • Erica Abietina Subsp. Atrorosea | Plantz Africa South African National Biodiversity Institute
    PlantZAfrica - SANBI Erica abietina subsp. atrorosea | Plantz Africa South African National Biodiversity Institute pza.sanbi.org Erica abietina subsp. atrorosea | Plantz Africa Introduction Erica abietina subsp. atrorosea is only found on the Cape Peninsula (endemic Cape Peninsula species) and is known to regular mountain walkers as Erica phylicifolia. When Dr Ted Oliver revised this section of Erica in 2002, he included this species in a complex of seven subspecies within the species abietina. Description Description Erica abietina subsp. atrorosea is a sturdy shrub up to 1 m high. It arises from a single woody stem and branches freely to produce a dense shrub. The mid to upper branches are clothed with a dense arrangement of dark green, needle-like ericoid leaves. This species produces pinkish purple flowers, which are slightly sticky and arranged in attractive clusters near the ends of the branches. The flowers are tubular, curved and widen slightly towards the mouth. Flowers are produced from midsummer to midwinter in the Cape (December to August). Conservation Status Status Printed from: http://www.plantzafrica.com 1 of 3 2017/01/09 12:38 PM PlantZAfrica - SANBI Erica abietina subsp. atrorosea | Plantz Africa South African National Biodiversity Institute Erica abietina subsp. atrorosea is common within conservation areas and so this species has been classified in the Red Data List as Least Concern. A species is listed as Least Concern when it does not qualify for the criteria of Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Distribution and habitat Distribution description This species is confined to the Cape Peninsula. It is common above Kirstenbosch and on the lower mountain slopes from Constantia Nek southwards to Cape Point.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Studies of the South African Campanulaceae Sensu Stricto with an Emphasis on Generic Delimitations
    Town The copyright of this thesis rests with the University of Cape Town. No quotation from it or information derivedCape from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of theof source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non-commercial research purposes only. University Systematic studies of the South African Campanulaceae sensu stricto with an emphasis on generic delimitations Christopher Nelson Cupido Thesis presented for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Botany Town UNIVERSITY OF CAPECape TOWN of September 2009 University Roella incurva Merciera eckloniana Microcodon glomeratus Prismatocarpus diffusus Town Wahlenbergia rubioides Cape of Wahlenbergia paniculata (blue), W. annularis (white) Siphocodon spartioides University Rhigiophyllum squarrosum Wahlenbergia procumbens Representatives of Campanulaceae diversity in South Africa ii Town Dedicated to Ursula, Denroy, Danielle and my parents Cape of University iii Town DECLARATION Cape I confirm that this is my ownof work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. University Christopher N Cupido Cape Town, September 2009 iv Systematic studies of the South African Campanulaceae sensu stricto with an emphasis on generic delimitations Christopher Nelson Cupido September 2009 ABSTRACT The South African Campanulaceae sensu stricto, comprising 10 genera, represent the most diverse lineage of the family in the southern hemisphere. In this study two phylogenies are reconstructed using parsimony and Bayesian methods. A family-level phylogeny was estimated to test the monophyly and time of divergence of the South African lineage. This analysis, based on a published ITS phylogeny and an additional ten South African taxa, showed a strongly supported South African clade sister to the campanuloids.
    [Show full text]
  • Campanulaceae) Based on ITS and Tranl-F Sequence Data: Implications for a Reclassification
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by University of the Western Cape Research Repository Cupido, C. N. et al. (2013). Phylogeny of Southern African and Australasian Wahlenbergioids (Campanulaceae) based on ITS and tranL-F sequence data: implications for a reclassification. Systematic Botany, 38(2): 523 – 535 http:// doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666714 dx. Phylogeny of Southern African and Australasian Wahlenbergioids (Campanulaceae) based on ITS and trnL-F sequence data: implications for a reclassification Christopher N. Cupido , Jessica M. Prebble , and William M. M. Eddie Abstract The Campanulaceae: Wahlenbergioideae currently comprises 15 genera, one of which, Wahlenbergia, is widespread over the southern continents. Southern Africa is the region with maximum wahlenbergioid diversity with 12 genera and approximately 252 species. A second center is Australasia with 38 Wahlenbergia species. This study used a broad sample of wahlenbergioid diversity from South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand to reconstruct a phylogeny based on chloroplast trnL-F and nuclear ITS sequences. Data were analyzed separately and in combination using parsimony and Bayesian methods. The results suggest that for the wahlenbergioids to be monophyletic Wahlenbergia hederacea has to be excluded and that none of the South African, Australian or New Zealand lineages are strictly monophyletic. There are five species assemblages that are in some disagreement with current classification in the family. Wahlenbergia, Prismatocarpus and Roella are shown to be non-monophyletic and implications for a reclassification are presented. Careful consideration of morphological characters is suggested before the adjustment of generic circumscriptions can be accomplished. Recent family-wide molecular phylogenetic studies have supported the view that the Campanulaceae s.s.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall 2013 NARGS
    Rock Garden uar terly � Fall 2013 NARGS to ADVERtISE IN thE QuARtERly CoNtACt [email protected] Let me know what yo think A recent issue of a chapter newsletter had an item entitled “News from NARGS”. There were comments on various issues related to the new NARGS website, not all complimentary, and then it turned to the Quarterly online and raised some points about which I would be very pleased to have your views. “The good news is that all the Quarterlies are online and can easily be dowloaded. The older issues are easy to read except for some rather pale type but this may be the result of scanning. There is amazing information in these older issues. The last three years of the Quarterly are also online but you must be a member to read them. These last issues are on Allen Press’s BrightCopy and I find them harder to read than a pdf file. Also the last issue of the Quarterly has 60 extra pages only available online. Personally I find this objectionable as I prefer all my content in a printed bulletin.” This raises two points: Readability of BrightCopy issues versus PDF issues Do you find the BrightCopy issues as good as the PDF issues? Inclusion of extra material in online editions only. Do you object to having extra material in the online edition which can not be included in the printed edition? Please take a moment to email me with your views Malcolm McGregor <[email protected]> CONTRIBUTORS All illustrations are by the authors of articles unless otherwise stated.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Passv146.Pdf
    EM AD IA C S A C I A E SCRIPTA VARIA 146 I N C T I I F A I R T V N M O P Edited by JOACHIM VON BRAUN, THOMAS KAUFFELS, PETER RAVEN, JOHANNES VOGEL, MARCELO SÁNCHEZ SORONDO SCIENCE AND ACTIONS SCIENCE AND ACTIONS FOR SPECIES PROTECTION ACTIONS AND SCIENCE FOR SPECIES PROTECTION Noah’s Arks for the 21st Century Noah’s Arks for the 21st Century the 21st for Arks Noah’s Libreria Editrice Vaticana Vatican City 2020 Science and Actions for Species Protection. Noah’s Arks for the 21st Century Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarvm Scripta Varia 146 The Proceedings of the Conference on Science and Actions for Species Protection. Noah’s Arks for the 21st Century 13-14 May 2019 Edited by Joachim von Braun Thomas Kauffels Peter Raven Johannes Vogel Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo EX AEDIBVS ACADEMICIS IN CIVITATE VATICANA • MMXX The Pontifical Academy of Sciences Casina Pio IV, 00120 Vatican City Tel: +39 0669883195 • Fax: +39 0669885218 Email: [email protected] • Website: www.pas.va The opinions expressed with absolute freedom during the presentation of the papers of this meeting, although published by the Academy, represent only the points of view of the participants and not those of the Academy. ISBN 978-88-7761-098-0 © Copyright 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, pho- tocopying or otherwise without the expressed written permission of the publisher. PONTIFICIA ACADEMIA SCIENTIARVM LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA VATICAN CITY “The earth’s resources are also being plundered because of short-sighted approaches to the economy, commerce and pro- duction.
    [Show full text]
  • 01 Innerfrontcover40 2.Indd 1 8/27/2010 2:27:58 PM BOTHALIA
    ISSN 0006 8241 = Bothalia Bothalia A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Vol. 40,2 Oct. 2010 TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE PRETORIA Obtainable from the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, Republic of South Africa. A catalogue of all available publications will be issued on request. BOTHALIA Bothalia is named in honour of General Louis Botha, first Premier and Minister of Agriculture of the Union of South Africa. This house journal of the South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, is devoted to the furtherance of botanical science. The main fields covered are taxonomy, ecology, anatomy and cytology. Two parts of the journal and an index to contents, authors and subjects are published annually. Three booklets of the contents (a) to Vols 1–20, (b) to Vols 21–25, (c) to Vols 26–30, and (d) to Vols 31–37 (2001– 2007) are available. STRELITZIA A series of occasional publications on southern African flora and vegetation, replacing Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens. MEMOIRS OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOUTH AFRICA The memoirs are individual treatises usually of an ecological nature, but sometimes dealing with taxonomy or economic botany. Published: Nos 1–63 (many out of print). Discontinued after No. 63. ANNALS OF KIRSTENBOSCH BOTANIC GARDENS A series devoted to the publication of monographs and major works on southern African flora.Published: Vols 14–19 (earlier volumes published as supplementary volumes to the Journal of South African Botany). Discontinued after Vol. 19. FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA (FPA) This serial presents colour plates of African plants with accompanying text.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions to the Solution of Phylogenetic Problem in Fabales
    Research Article Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Araştırma Makalesi JONAS, 2(2): 195-206 e-ISSN: 2667-5048 31 Aralık/December, 2019 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOLUTION OF PHYLOGENETIC PROBLEM IN FABALES Deniz Aygören Uluer1*, Rahma Alshamrani 2 1 Ahi Evran University, Cicekdagi Vocational College, Department of Plant and Animal Production, 40700 Cicekdagi, KIRŞEHIR 2 King Abdulaziz University, Department of Biological Sciences, 21589, JEDDAH Abstract Fabales is a cosmopolitan angiosperm order which consists of four families, Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Polygalaceae, Surianaceae and Quillajaceae. The monophyly of the order is supported strongly by several studies, although interfamilial relationships are still poorly resolved and vary between studies; a situation common in higher level phylogenetic studies of ancient, rapid radiations. In this study, we carried out simulation analyses with previously published matK and rbcL regions. The results of our simulation analyses have shown that Fabales phylogeny can be solved and the 5,000 bp fast-evolving data type may be sufficient to resolve the Fabales phylogeny question. In our simulation analyses, while support increased as the sequence length did (up until a certain point), resolution showed mixed results. Interestingly, the accuracy of the phylogenetic trees did not improve with the increase in sequence length. Therefore, this study sounds a note of caution, with respect to interpreting the results of the “more data” approach, because the results have shown that large datasets can easily support an arbitrary root of Fabales. Keywords: Data type, Fabales, phylogeny, sequence length, simulation. 1. Introduction Fabales Bromhead is a cosmopolitan angiosperm order which consists of four families, Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Juss., Polygalaceae Hoffmanns.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Recent Incursions of Weeds to Australia 1971
    Recent Incursions of Weeds to Australia 1971 - 1995 1 CRC for Weed Management Systems Technical Series No. 3 CRC for Weed Management Systems Technical Series No. 3 Cooperative Research Centre for Weed Management Systems Recent Incursions of Weeds to Australia 1971 - 1995 Convened by R.H. Groves Appendix compiled by J.R. Hosking Established and supported under the Commonwealth Government’s Cooperative Research Centres 2 Program. Recent Incursions of Weeds to Australia 1971 - 1995 CRC for Weed Management Systems Technical Series No.3 January 1998 Groves, R.H. (Richard Harrison) Recent incursions of weeds to Australia 1971 - 1995 ISBN 0 9587010 2 4 1. Weeds - Control - Australia. I. Hosking, J.R. (John Robert). II. Cooperative Research Centre for Weed Management Systems (Australia). III. Title. (Series: CRC for Weed Management Systems Technical Series; No. 3) 632.5 Contact address: CRC for Weed Management Systems Waite Campus University of Adelaide PMB1 Glen Osmond SA 5064 Australia CRC for Weed Management Systems, Australia 1997. The information advice and/or procedures contained in this publication are provided for the sole purpose of disseminating information relating to scientific and technical matters in accordance with the functions of the CRC for Weed Management Systems. To the extent permitted by law, CRC for Weed Management Systems shall not be held liable in relation to any loss or damage incurred by the use and/or reliance upon any information advice and/or procedures contained in this publication. Mention of any product in this publication is for information purposes and does not constitute a recommendation of any such product either expressed or implied by CRC for Weed Management Systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Combined Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Interfamilial Relationships and Patterns of floral Evolution in the Eudicot Order Fabales
    Cladistics Cladistics 1 (2012) 1–29 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00392.x Combined phylogenetic analyses reveal interfamilial relationships and patterns of floral evolution in the eudicot order Fabales M. Ange´ lica Belloa,b,c,*, Paula J. Rudallb and Julie A. Hawkinsa aSchool of Biological Sciences, Lyle Tower, the University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6BX, UK; bJodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; cReal Jardı´n Bota´nico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, CP 28014 Madrid, Spain Accepted 5 January 2012 Abstract Relationships between the four families placed in the angiosperm order Fabales (Leguminosae, Polygalaceae, Quillajaceae, Surianaceae) were hitherto poorly resolved. We combine published molecular data for the chloroplast regions matK and rbcL with 66 morphological characters surveyed for 73 ingroup and two outgroup species, and use Parsimony and Bayesian approaches to explore matrices with different missing data. All combined analyses using Parsimony recovered the topology Polygalaceae (Leguminosae (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae)). Bayesian analyses with matched morphological and molecular sampling recover the same topology, but analyses based on other data recover a different Bayesian topology: ((Polygalaceae + Leguminosae) (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae)). We explore the evolution of floral characters in the context of the more consistent topology: Polygalaceae (Leguminosae (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae)). This reveals synapomorphies for (Leguminosae (Quillajaceae + Suri- anaceae)) as the presence of free filaments and marginal ⁄ ventral placentation, for (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae) as pentamery and apocarpy, and for Leguminosae the presence of an abaxial median sepal and unicarpellate gynoecium. An octamerous androecium is synapomorphic for Polygalaceae. The development of papilionate flowers, and the evolutionary context in which these phenotypes appeared in Leguminosae and Polygalaceae, shows that the morphologies are convergent rather than synapomorphic within Fabales.
    [Show full text]